Kinh ti & Chinh sdch KET QUA TmrC THI CHINH SACH CHI TRA DICH VU MOI TRU^ONG R U K G
TAI TINH LAO CAI
Le Van Hirng, Ha Phu-ffng ThaoTru&ng Dgi hoc Tdi Nguyen vd Moi Tmong Hd Ndi TOM T A T
Bai bao nay neu mpt so kat qua thuc thi chinh sach chi tra dich vy moi truang rung tai tinh Lao Cai do chinh sach nay mang lai trong nhirng nam tir 2011 dan nam 2017. Muc dich ciia bai bao nay nham nau ra nhung lac dung tich cyc ciia chinh sach nay va mpt so han che can dugc khac phuc trong thoi gian tai dS chinh sach phat huy tot cho phat trien kmh ta xa hoi tai dia phuong. Trong thuc te, chinh sach nay la can cii de cac dan vi sir dyng dich vu nhu- Cac nha may dien, cac ca sa cung cap nguon nuoc smh hoat, cac ca so dich vu du hch, nuoi trong thiiy san... phai tra Uen cho ben cung cap dich vy moi truong rimg la 192.598 ty dong, viec do da tao dieu kien cho bao ve va phat tnen rung tai tinh Lao Cai tot han. Chinh sach dich vu moi trudng rimg da mang lai hieu qua kinh ta cho nguoi dan nam 2017 binh quan tir 3 - 4 tneu d/hp/nam. Dien tich riing tang nam 2012 la 334 893,22 ha nam 2017 tong dien tich rimg la 468,096 ha, dien tich rirng trong tang, cac vy vi pham giam...
Day la mpt chinh sach c6 tac ddng tich cue dan kinh ta, xa hgi va moi trudng tinh Lao Cai. Tuy nhien cung con mpt so van de can dugc hoan thien cung duac chi ra tu bai bao nay,
liz khoa: Bao ve va phat trien rvng, dich vu moi trircrng rirng, Lao Cai.
L D^T VAN DE
Theo Trung tam Nghien cuu Lam nghiep Qu6c Xh - CIFOR (2013), Le Van Hung va Huynh Thi Mai (2011), chi tra dich vu moi trudng rung (PPES) la quan he tai chinh tuong doi moi tren the giai, bat nguon tir quan diem chinh sach ve "dich vu moi truong". Theo quan diem nay, cac he sinh thai, trong do co he sinh thai rimg, co vai tro cung cap cac dich vu CO tac dung khong chi dam bao sir trong lanh ve moi tnrcmg ma con dam bao san xuat va sue khoe cua con ngucri, thong qua cac tac dong tich cue va da dang nhu bao ve nguon nuac, phong hp dau nguon, ve dep canh quan, dieu hoa khi hau, phong chong dich benh, tao dieu kien phat trien du lich, van hoa va cai tao dat.
Sau hai nam thuc hien thi diem tai Lam Dong va Son La ve thuc hien thi diem Chinh sach PES tai Viet Nam, tir ngay 1/1/2011, chinh sach PES dupc thuc hien tren pham vi toan quoc theo Nghi dinh s6 99/2010/ND-CP (Chinh phu, 2010). Den nay, qua 8 nam trien khai vai hanh lang phap ly thuan iai da tao dieu kien cho chinh sach dich vu moi truang rimg (DVMTR) di nhanh vao cuoc song va mang lai khi qua tdt. Theo TrSn Thu Ha (2018), a Viet Nam, dSn nam 2018, DVMTR da thu dupc khx qua ve mat kinh ih: toi 8.219 ty d6ng, da chi cho > 500.000 hg gia dinh (vdi 2
trieu dong/hp/nam); Ve mat moi trudng da bao ve duoc 5,99 trieu ha (chiem 45% tdng dien tich rimg ca nude); Ve mat xa hdi da giam sd vu vi pham Luat Bao ve va Phat trien rimg tdi 58,2%.
Ngay 16 thang 05 nam 2011, UBND tinh Lao Cai ra Quy6t dinh sd 1182/QD-UBND ban hanh quy ch^ boat ddng cua ban chi dao trien khai, thuc hien theo Nghi dinh 99/2010/ND- CP. D^ tim hieu thuc trang td chuc thuc thi chinh sach DVMTR cung nhu ket qua dat dupc khi thuc hien chinh sach chi tra DVMTR nay, tir dd ta riit ra dugc nhung tac dgng cua chinh sach tdi su phat trien kinh te, xa hdi va moi trudng tai dia phuang, dac biet la cdng tac quan ly va bao ve rimg (QL&BVR). Tren ca sd do cd xem xet kien nghi giai quyet mdt sd kho khan cdn vudng m4c ve DVMTR trong qua trinh trien khai chinh sach tai dia phuang.
2. PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1. Doi tiTOTig nghien cuu
Chinh sach chi tra dich vu he sinh thai rung tai Lao Cai vdi cac chi tieu nghien cuu nhu:
Dien tich rimg, do che phu ciia rimg, kha nang phat triln rirng - trdng mdi va tai sinh, kha nang bao ve va chong cac vi pham trong cdng tac bao ve va phat trien rimg.
2.2. Phu-ffng phap nghien ciru 2.2.1. Pkwffngphdp thu thdp thdng tin TAP r-Tif VHOA H o r VA C 6 N G NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 3 - 2019 175
Kinh te 4& Chinh sdch
- Phuang phap thu thap thdng tin thu cSp:
Phuong phap nay dugc su dung dh thu thap cac thdng tin ttr sach bao, cac van ban phap luat, cac dy an va cac nghien ciiu v6 chi tra dich vu mdi trudng... Thu thap cac tai lieu ve dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te - xa hgi, mdi trudng ciia tinh Lao Cai,
- Phuang phap thu thap sd lieu sa cap:
Phuang phap nay la mgt qua trinh thu thap dir lieu true tiep tir nhirng chuyen gia cd kinh nghiem va kien thuc sau ve PES. Nhu phuang phap chuyen gia; Phuang phap dieu tra khao sat thuc te, tiep xiic vdi cac doi tugng khac nhau nham thu thap true tiep thdng tin, trong dd cd cac ddi tugng dieu tra, phdng van sau:
Ngudi cung cap dich vu (gdm: chu rimg, ngudi trdng rimg, ngudi tham gia bao ve rung...); Cac to chuc kinh doanh six dung dich vu (Cac doang nghiep khai thac thuy dien, kinh doanh nude sinh hoat, nude phuc vu san xuat, nudi trdng thuy san...); Co quan quan ly bao ve rimg...
2.2.2. Phwotng phdp tong hop, phdn tich vd xie ly sd lieu
Day la phuang phap tong hop cac sd heu thu thap dugc dung cdng cu toan de xir ly tren Word hoac Excel phan tich tat ca cac dii lieu da thu thap dupc tir qua trinh dieu tra true tiep se dupc dien giai, phan tich va thao luan.
2.2.3. Xdc dinh don gid
Theo hudng dan tai Chuang II Thdng tu s6: 22/2017/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 15 thang 11 nam 2017 cua Bg Ndng nghiep va PTNT ve each xac dinh tien dich vu moi trudng rimg.
2.3. Thffi gian va dia di§m nghien cihi Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien tir thang 12 nam 2017 den thang 7 nam 2018 tai tinh Lao Cai.
3. KET QUA VA THAO L U ^
3.1. Mo hinh thyc hien chi tra dici' •;.' ni6i trirong rimg tai tmh Lao Cai
Tihn chi tra dich vu mdi trudng rung tai Lao Cai thdng qua 2 hinh thuc:
- Chii yeu la hinh thiic chi h-a gian tiep, tien ciia ben su dung dich vu mdi tnrdng rimg uy thac cho Quy BVPTR Lao Cai dh tra cho cac chil rimg cung iing dich vu. Muc chi tra DVMTR dupc thuc hien dua theo nguyen tac:
ti6n thu DVMTR d luu vuc nao thi se chi tra cho cac chu rimg d luu vuc dd. Do do, se cd nhi§u miic chi tra (VND/ha rimg) khac nhau giira cac luu vuc tren dia ban tinh Lao Cai.
Day la van de nay sinh can dupe giai quyet do miic chi d cac liru vuc chenh lech nhau... tren ciing dia ban khong qua khac biet.
- Chi tra DVMTR true tiep dupc thuc hien tren ca sd hpp ddng thda thuan tu nguyen giiia ben sir dung va cung img dich vu mdi trudng rimg. Ket qua dieu tra cua cho thay tren 75%
ngudi dan ddng tinh khi dupe chi tra theo hinh thuc nay.
3.2. Ket qua thu, giai ngan tien dich vu moi triroTig rimg tai tinh Lao Cai
3.2.1. Ket qud thu tien chi trd dich vu mdi trudng riing tinh Ldo cai giai dogn 2011 - 2017
Thuc hien QuySt dinh sd 119/QD-TCLN- KHTC ngay 21/3/2012 cua Tdng cue Lam nghiep - Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT va Van ban chi dao sd 869/UBND-NLN ngay 16/4/2012 cua UBND tinh ve viec dang ky ke khai va ky ket hpp ddng iiy thac, Quy Bao ve va Phat tri8n rimg da trien khai thuc hien ky k6t hgp ddng iiy thac chi tra tien DVMTR theo dung kh hoach, dung quy trinh, dam bao tinh phap ly va hieu qua cao.
3 1 1 - 2 0 1 7
; _ S« *; ;S^ If a
Hinh 1. Kit qua thu tien dicit vu moi tru-ong rung tinh Lao Cai (2011 - 2017)
176 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE I AM NGHIFP SO 3 - 2ni<)
Kinh te & Chinh .-.acn Qua hinh 1 va bang 1 thi kk qua thu de tang tra tien DVMTR day la van de t6n tai cSn cd qua cac nam, my nhien ciing van cdn mgt sd hudng giai quyet (sd tien nay len tdi tren 27 ty doang nghiep tranh ne, dua ra nhieu ly do khac dugc trinh bay tai bang 3).
nhau dh khdng thuc hien ky kit hgp ddng va
Bang 1. Ket qua thu tikn dich vu moi tru-ffng rirng tinh Lao Cai (2011 - 2017)
DVT- trieu dong Khoan
thu nam
Cff Sff san xuat thuy dien
Cff so* san xuat va cung ung
nuffc
Dffn vi kinh doanh dich vu
du lich
Nuo'c lanh
Cff Sff san xuat c6ng nghiep sir dung nuffC 2011
2012
2013 16.813
Tien DVMTR nam 2011 duoc thu bii vao nam 2012 va 2013 418 191
584 254 2014 21.373 472
2015 41.013 613 2016 46.818 563 2017 50.327 641
454 715 807 1.147
32 36
38 419
Tong 192.598 3.293 3.569 68 457
(Nguon: Quy Bdo ve vd Phdt trien Rirng tinh Ldo Cai nam 2011 - 2017).
Theo Nghi dinh 99/2010/ND-CP ciia Chinh phu (Chinh phu, 2010) da qui dinh 05 loai DVMTR thudc dien phai thu tiSn DVMTR.
Tuy nhien, tii nam 201! den nam 2015 tinh Lao Cai thuc hien thu tiSn DVMTR d 03 nhom doi tupng (thiiy dien, nude sach va dich vu du lich), den nam 2016 tinh Lao Cai thuc hien thu tien tren ca 5 loai DVMTR. Nhung dich vu
thiiy dien mang lai ngudn thu Idn nhat tdi 192.598 ty, sau den la doanh nghiep cung iing nude, du lich...
3.2.2. Ket qud gidi ngdn tien chi trd dich vu mdi trwd^ng rimg giai dogn 2011 - 1017
Ket qua sd lieu thuc hien Du an dugc the hien tai bang 2.
Bang 2. Tong so ti§n giai ngan dich vu moi truong rii'ng tir nam 2012 -1017 DVT tneu dong Huyen
Bac Ha Van Ban Muang Khirang Bao Yen Si Ma Cai Bao Thang SaPa Bat Xat TP. Lao Cai
Tong
2012 471 253 45 772 87 21 145 663 342 2.799
2013 631 759 70 1.265
131 51 411 1.087
542 4.947
Nam
2014 2015 2,295 2.524 2.977 5.246 918 940 3.747 5.325
755 841 417 387 4.347 8.475
1.869 6.947 927 848 18.252 31.533
2016 3 694 2.887 1.716 6.387 1.379 476 11.041 14 485 918 42.983
2017 4,924 3.265 2.031 6.912 2.196 556 12.332 15.694 1.02!
48,931 (Ngudn: Quy Bdo ve vd Phdt tnen Rirng linh Ldo Cat ndm 2011 -2017).
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2019 177
Kinh ti & Chink sack
Tir nam 2012 sd tien thanh toan cho cac chii rirng la hon 2 ty ddng, dhn nam 2017 Quy Bao ve va Phat thhn rimg tinh Lao Cai da thuc hien tam ling, thanh toan tiSn DVMTR cho cac chu rimg vdi sd tien len dhn gkn 50 ty ddng, tinh dhn 7/2018 da cd 14.850 chu rimg cua 98 xa thugc 9 huyen, thanh phd du dieu kien dupc chi tra.
3.3. Tac dong chinh sach chi tra dich vu mdi trircrng r u n g toi kinh te, xa hoi, moi tru-ffng tinh Lao Cai
Chinh sach chi tra DVMTR giai ngan tang qua cac nam nhu bang 2 da tac ddng den y thiic trdng rimg, bao ve rimg cua ngudi dan va
ngudi dan hi^u ro vh quy^n va trach nhiem cua minh. Ngudi dan dupc cac ca sd quan tam hudng din, myen truyan, dieu hanh quan ly bao ve rimg, phat triSn rung, phdng chdng chay chGa chay rimg d ca sd tot han, y thiic ciia ngudi dan trong cdng tac bao ve rimg ngay cang dupe nang cao.
3.3.1. Tdng dien tick rung
Cling vdi cac chuang frinh du an khac ciia nganh lam nghiep, chinh sach chi tra DVMTR h-en dia ban tinh da gdp phdn quan trpng vao viec nang cao dien tich va do che phu rimg ciia tinh Lao Cai.
D i # r > t f c h rCrns t i n h L a o C a i n a m 2 0 1 2 - 2 0 X 7
Hinh 2. Di§n tich rimg toan tinh giai doan 2012 - 2017 Dien tich rimg tren dia ban tinh Lao Cai
tang len dang ke qua cac nam tdng dien tich rimg nam 2012 la 334.893,22 ha, nam 2017 la 468.096 ha tang hon 130 ngan ha.
Theo thdng ke ciia Chi cue Phat trien lam
nghiep tinh Lao Cai, dien tich ning dugc h-dng mdi va rimg dugc khoan trong nhiing nam vira qua dugc tang len theo timg nam, dugc the hien cu the qua hinh 3.
Dien t i c h ruTig t r o n g mo-t v a D i e n ti'ch rCfng t r o n g mcri t i n h Lao Cai 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 7
IBO lOO
SO
.11
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 201B 2
1.11.1
S I 2017m rung [rong mcri • rung dtrac khoan
Hinh 3. Difn tich rimg trong moi va rung duffc khoan tai tinh Lao Cai nam 2010 - 2017 Nam 2010 dien tich rimg trdng mdi va rimg dien tich rimg trdng mdi va rimg duoc khoan duac khoan giam. Nhung nam 2012 trd lai day tang len.
178 T A P C H I KHOA H O C VA C 6 N G N G H E 1 ^^ M r : m F P « n ^ _ ->mQ
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch Yau td quan d-png giiip cho cdng tac quan ly
bao ve rimg d tinh dat dupc kk qua tdt la nhd su tham gia tich cue ciia ngudi dan vao cdng tac bao ve rimg (thdng qua nhan khoan bao ve
rimg). Dieu nay dupc the hien thdng qua viec vi pham trong quan ly bao ve rimg tren dia ban cd xu hudng giam (tir gin 240 vu nam 2010 giam cdn ban 50 vu nam 2017).
Vi p h a m Q L B V r u n g t i n h L a o Cai n a m 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 7
Hinh 4. Vi pham QLBV rirng tinh Lao Cai nam 2010 - 2017 Day khdng chi la ket qua tac ddng tir rieng
chinh sach chi tra DVMTR ma la tdng hpp ciia nhieu chinh sach phat ttien lam nghiep khac va tinh Lao Cai dang thuc hien. Nhung cd the thay, nhirng tin hieu tdt tu cdng tac quan ly bao ve rimg tren dia ban tinh cd su ddng gdp quan ttong cua viec thuc hien chinh sach chi tta DVMTR.
3.3.2. Gidi quyet cdc vdn de mat kinh te Ben canh dd, ngudn tien DVMTR cdn cd y nghTa het siic quan sue quan ttpng cdng tac bao ve va phat trien rung toan tmh, giiip giam thieu ganh nang cho ngan sach nha nude ttong viec phat trien va bao ve rimg. Tinh tir nam 2012 - 2017 sd tien ngan sach thuc hien cho cdng tac khoan bao ve rimg 130.779 trieu dong, trong dd ngu6n tihn DVMTR chigm ty Ie 76,7% ngudn kinh phi nay vdi sd tien 100.372 trieu ddng.
Theo Qiiy Bao ve va Phat trien ning Lao Cai, 2018. Nhd trien khai tdt chinh sach chi tta DVMTR, thu nhap thuc te binh quan ciia cac hp gia dinh, ca nhan nhan giao khoan bao ve rimg da cd nhimg cai thien. Nam 2012 trung binh hd gia dinh nhan dugc 500.000 1.000.000 ddng/hg/nam d8n nam 2017 cd nhirng hd thu nhap ti6n DVMTR dat 3.000.000 - 4.000.000 ddng/hg/nam. Giam ty le hd ngheo tai cac nai chi tta DVMTR.
Sd ti8n nhan dupe tir viec thue hien chinh sach chi tta DVMTR tuy khdng nhieu nhung ciing anh hudng rat ldn ddi vdi cac hd gia dinh thudc dien can ngheo va ngheo. Nhd trien khai tdt chinh sach chi tta DVMTR, thu nhap thuc th binh quan ciia cac hd gia dinh, ca nhan nhan giao khoan bao ve rung da cd nhiing cai thien.
So hQ ngheo t r o n g Itru v y c cac nha may t h u y d"ien
III I I
Hinh 5. So ho ngheo trong luu vuc cac nha may thuy dien TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2019
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch
Nam 2012, la nam dku thhn khai chinh sach chi tta dich vu mdi trudng rimg tten dia ban tinh, tdng sd hd ngheo ttong hm vuc cac nha may thuy dien la 25.655 hg/66.118 hd, ty le hd ngheo trong luu vuc cac nha may thuy dien chigm 38,8%. Qhn nam 2017, sau 06 nam triSn khai DVMTR sd hd ngheo trong luu vuc cac nha may thuy dien cdn 7.674 hd/34.835 hd
(giam 17.98 hd so vdi nam 2012) ho ngheo chiem 22,02%.
3.4. Cac v3n dh cdn tdn tai ciin giai u'^}*^^
Qua kk qua dieu tra cho thay thuc trang viec thue thi chinh sach DVMTR a Lao Cai cdn cd mdt sd van de sau:
3.4.1. Vdn di tdn dgng cda mdi sd doanh nghiep kkdng nop theo quy dinh
Bang 3. So tien no do cac doanh nghiep khong nop theo quy djnh TT Ten floTi vj T6ng nff (dSng)
1 Ca S0 san xuat thiiy dien (12 d<m vi) 23.362.307.929 2 Ca sd kinh doanh du lich (01 dan vi) 3.889.000.000 3 Casd nuoi canudc lanh (17 dcm vi) 311.380.500
Tdng cpng 27.562.688.429 Nhu vay, sd ng cua cac doanh nghiep tap
trung chu yeu la cac ca sd san xuat dien tai 12 dan vi vdi sd tien nay chiem tdi 23,3 ty ddng, cd 1 ca sd kinh doanh du lich nhung sd np tdi gan 3,9 ty ddng va 17 dan vi nudi ca nude lanh ng 0,3 ty ddng.
Trong Nghi dinh sd 147/2016/ND-CP (Chinh phu, 2016), tai Khoan 1 Dihu 5 Nghi dinh 147 da bd sung nhu: "Td chiic, ca nhan dugc hudng lgi tur dich vu mdi ttudng rimg phai ehl tta tien dich vu mdi trudng rimg cho ben cung ung dich vu mdi trudng rimg".
Nhung hien tai quy dinh nay cdn chua dugc thuc hien.
3.4.2. Vdn de td chu'c nhdn su- vd thd tuc hdnh chinh cua Quy Bdo ve vd Phdt trien rimg vd mdt sd vdn de khdc
- Nhan su ciia Quy BVPTR klidng du va bd tri chua hpp ly de thyc thi cong viec.
Bg may kiem nhiem vdi 19 can bg cua Quy BVPTR tinh khdng du can bd de thuc hien chiic nang, nhiem vu dugc giao theo quy dinh.
Do pham vi, ddi tugng phai thu tien sii dung DVMTR dupc md rdng tir 21 don vi len khoang 200 don vi vao nam 2017, ddi tugng dugc chi tta dupc cung md rdng tir 9.000 chii rimg thudc pham vi 117 xa tren dia ban 9
huyen, thanh phd tang len tren 14.850 chu rirag day la thach thiic can dupc khac phuc.
Bd phan giam sat quy lai dupe bd tti nam ngay trong QBVPTR cua tinh la khdng hgp ly, khdng bao dam tinh minh bach, ro rang trong qua trinh thuc thi. Bd phan nay can dugc tach rieng va hoat dgng dgc lap dudi sy chi dao cua UBND tinh.
- Thu tuc hanh chinh trong qua trinh chi tta DVMTR cdn rudm ra, phii'c tap. Nhieu chu rirng d xa ma sd tien nhan khdng dii tien di lai do do nhieu chii rirng khdng den nhan tien.
Nhu Thong ttr sd 20/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 07 thang 5 nam 2012 ciia Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT hudng dan trinh tu thu tuc nghiem thu thanh toan tien chi tra DVMTR, ckn xem xet tinh gian cho phii hop vdi thyc te dia phuang.
- Van de chdng ISn ranh gidi giua cac chu rirng: Tinh trang di6n ra kha phd bign d cac huyen, trong dd cd ca viec chdng ISn ranh gidi gitiia cac chu rimg la hd gia dinh vdi cac Ban quan ly rimg phdng hg nhu Irudng hgp tai xa Xuan Thuy, huyen Van Ban...
3.4.3. Mot s6 quy dinh cdn xem xet tinh hap ly khi trien khai trong thu-c tien
Thdng nr sd 60/2012/TT-BNNPT: ' (Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT, 2012) quy cS--. .^ luu
18 TAP C H I KHOA H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 3 - 201
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch vue c4n dupe xem xet nhu: Viec quy dinh chi
tta tian DVMTR theo hing Ittu vuc da tao ra mirc ehenh lech tihn DVMTR ldn giiia chu rimg, tham chi ngay trong mdt huyen, tien DVMTR giua 02 xa la khac nhau (bdi nam d 2 luu vuc khac nhau). Tai tinh Lao Cai, miic chenh lech ldn nhit tiin chi tta DVMTR da ghi nhan la 40.000 ddng/ha va 305.000 ddng/ha, di8u nay da tao nen nhiing ban khoan, khdng ddng tinh trong ngudi dan, vi deu quan ly bao ve rung nhu nhau, nhung lai nhan dupc sd tien chi tra chenh lech qua ldn. Vi vay, thay vi quy dinh chi tta theo luu vuc, nhieu dia phuang ki§n nghi nen giao tham quyen cho UBND cap tinh can cii vao dieu kien cu the ciia dia phuang dh quyet dinh chi tra tien DVMTR theo luu vuc hay theo he thdng cae luu vuc.
4. KET LUAN
Chinh sach tta DVMTR cd vai trd quan ttpng tai Lao Cai trong bao ton tai nguyen thien nhien rimg, bao tdn da dang sinh hpc, mang lai nhieu lgi ich tdi ddi tugng sir dung dich vu va cung cap dich vu ddng gdp tang nguon thu tir DVMTR qua eac nam, gdp phan on dinh va nang cao ddi sdng ngudi dan; Thu nhap thuc te binh quan cua cac hd gia dinh, ca nhan nhan giao khoan bao ve rimg da cd nhung cai thien gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo; Sau 06 nam trien khai chinh sach Lao Cai da giam ty le hd ngheo edn 22,02%. Ket qua nay phii hcrp vdi Milder, J. C. (2010).
Ngudi dan cd y thiic, ttach nhiem han trong cong tac quan ly bao ve va phat trien rimg cu the dien tich rirag va rimg trdng mdi deu tang qua cac nam.
So hd gia dinh nhan khoan quan ly bao ve rimg tang manh cu the nam 2012 cd 9.446 chu rimg thi den nam 2017 da co 14.850 chu rimg.
Ngudi dan cd y thiic han trong cdng tac bao ve rimg, dieu dd cho thay sd vu vi pham ve quan ly bao ve rimg co giam tir 235 vu nam 2012 xudng con 62 vu vi pham nam 2017.
Tuy nhien, viec thuc hien chinh sach chi tra
DVMTR tai tinh Lao Cai van gap nhigu khd khan, vudng mac nhu: Cdng tac nhan su; Tinh hieu lupc cua cac van ban quy pham phap luat chua cao; Xac dinh ranh gidi giira cac chii rimg; Cac thu tuc hanh chinh can tiep tuc hoan thien...
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bp Nong nghiep va PTNT, 2012. Thong tu so 20/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 07 thang 5 nam 2012 cua Bo NN&PTNT huong dan trinh tu thii tuc nghiem thu thanh toan tien chi tra DVMTR.
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TAP rui KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2019 181
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch
RESULTS OF POLYCY ENFORCEMENT FOR PAYMENT OF FOREST EMVIRONMENTAL SERVICES IN LAO CAI PROVINCE
Le Van Hung, Ha Phuong Thao
Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment
S U M M A R Y
This article shows the results of the enforcement of PFES in Lao Cai province due to this policy from 2011 to 2017. The purpose of this article is to raise the positive effects of this policy and some limitations need to be overcome in the coming lime to promote good policies for local socio-economic development. In fact, this policy is the basis for applications, service users such as power plants, water supply facilities, tourist service, aquaculture.,. must pay the PFES provider VND 192,598 billion. That has created better conditions for forest protection and development in Lao Cai provmce. The PFES policy has brought about economic efficiency for Ihe people in 2017 on an average of 3 - 4 million VND/household/year, from 2012 to 2017 the forest area increased from 334,893.22 to 468,096 ha, plantation area increased, violations decreased .. This is a policy that has a positive impact on the economy, society, and environment of Lao Cai province. However, there are also some issues that need to be finalized as well from this article
Keywords: Forest environmental services, forest protection and development, Lao CaL Ngay nhao bai : 25/10/2018
Ngay phan bien : 13/5/2019 Ngay quyet dinh dang : 20/5/2019
182 T - ^ CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE r *'**-w-^uif» cA i -,«.
