Quoc te - Hoi nhgp
TAN DUNG L d l THE
tiT Cong dong kinh te ASEAN
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MYANMAR. 2014
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25 August 2 0 1 ^ . N a y Byi Taw, f v 1 ^ « p m O
Tri/dng dodn cdc nu6c tdi Ld khai mqc Hoi nghj AEM 46 vd cdc Hpi nglij lien quan
• NGUYEN HA
Cong dong kinh ti ASEAN se diJOc xay diing t r e n cd sfl cac cam k^t hien tai
• l i l e p dinh thiidng mai h a n g h o a ASEA.X' (ATIGA) 2009
• Hiep dinh Idiung ve thiidng mal dich vu ASEAN (AFAS) 1995
• Iliep dinh dSu til toan dien ASEAN' (ACIA) 2009
• Hiep dinli di chuyen the nhan ASEAN (MNP) 2012
• Cac FTA ASEAX +1: Trung Qui5c 2004, Han Qu6c 8006, Nhat B i n 2008, An Do AustraUa, Xciv Zealand 2009;
• Cac no lite hdp tac khac.
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Quoc te - Hoi nhgp
H Q I N G H I B O T R U ' D N G K I N H T ^ H I $ P H O I C A C QUOC G I A D O N G NAM A LAN T H t r 4 6 ( A E M - 4 6 ) V A C A C H O I N G H I L I E N Q U A N D O B O T R T J C I N G B O C 6 N G THlTONG V U H U Y H O A N G D A N D A U VLfA K E T T H U C T A I MYANMA H O M 2 8 / 8 / 2 0 1 4 . T R O N G K H U O N K H O A E M - 4 6 , M O T T R O N G NHIFNG N O I D U N G D A D i r O C CAC B O TRLfdNG K I N H T ^ T H O N G N H A T K H A N G DENH, A S E A N C A N T I ] § P TIJC N 6 LLTC H l T d N G TCil M U C T i t U T H A N H L A P C O N G D O N G K I N H T E A S E A N (AEC) V A o N A M 2 0 1 5 , D 6 N G THCil C A C B O T R U C I N G D A P H E DUYE^T D I N H HlTCJNG X A Y DtTNG A E C S A U N A M 2 0 1 5 .
C A N H C L T A C H O A E C v A o N A M 2 0 1 5 D A C A N K E , V I ^ T N A M C U N G T H E H I $ N Q U Y § T T A M S A N S A N G C H O A E C 2 0 1 5 , T U Y N H I E N , V E P H A N C A C D O A N H N G H I $ P V I $ T NAM D A N G D l T d C K H U Y E N c A o CAN CO S U C H U I N BI T O T H d N NLTA D 4 T A N D U N G D U O C T O I D A L d l I H ^ N A Y .
Cd h o i tri m o t k h u TI^C t h i t n f d n g p h i t h u ^ q u a n
Theo Hi^n chffdng ASEAN cd hi^u Iffc tff thdng 12/2008, muc tidu xdy dffng mot Cong dong ASEAN tren n^n tdng ba tru cot:
COng d^ng Kinh t6' ASEAN (AEC), COng d6ng An ninh - Chinh tri ASEAN (APSC) va COng dong Vdn hda - Xa hdi ASEAN (ASCC). Theo dd, Cdng d6ng kinh t^ ASEAN (AEC), dff kiSn sS dffdc thdnh lap vao cud'i ndm 2015, dffdc coi la mot bffdc ngodt ddnh dau sff hda nhap toan di^n cdc nen kinh te Ddng Nam A, hda nhap nen kinh td' ciia 10 quoc gia thdnh vi6n thanh mdt khdi sdn xua't thffdng mai vd dau tff, tao ra thi trffdng chung ciia mpt khu vffc cd dan sd' 600 trieu ngffdi vd GDP hdng ndm khodng 2.000 tJ USD.
Theo dng Hodng Vdn Phffdng, Tnfdng phdng ASEAN, Vu Chinh sdch Thffdng mai da bien {Bp Cdng Thffdng). v^ cd bdn, khi thdnh ISp AEC se khdng cdn
hdng rao thue' quan. Nhff vay, thi trffdng ASEAN vdi tren 600 trieu ddn se thdng thffdng. Tuy nhien, cdc nifdc vdn cd quyen danh thue npi dia nhff thue gid tri gia tang, thue tieu thu dac biet. Cdc nffdc Cling cd quyen quy dinh ve tieu chuan hang hda, dffa cdc bien phdp vi muc tieu an toan sffc khoe con ngffdi, dong vat, thffe vat bdo v6 mdi trffdng... cdn gpi la eac bien phap phi thue tren cd sd khdng phan biet ddi xff. Ve lao ddng, AEC se eho phep cac nhd dau tff, lao ddng chuyen mdn cd tay nghe dffdc di chuyen tff do cd dieu kien de tim kiem cd hdi dau tff, cung cffng dich vu theo hdp dong. Nhffng cdc nffdc vdn cd quyen quy dinh rieng ve xud't nhap canh, ve thi trffdng lao ddng, v l quyen cdng dan vd tam tru, thffdng trii...
Viec hinh thdnh AEC vao ndm 2015 dffdc ddnh gid se gdp phan dffa ASEAN thffc hien 4 tru cot chinh gom: Co ban xda bd hang rdo diuequan; dat dffdc mffc
do ddng ke trong viec xda bd cae han che, phan biet doi xff trong linh vffe dich vu dau tu', di chuyen con ngffdi; cd mot nen tang vffng chac trong viec nang cao khd ndng canh tranh, thu hep khoang each phdt trien; dat difdc mffc dp hdi nhap dang ke vdi cac dd'i tdc FTA va hdp tac .sau sac vdi cdc ddi tac dd'i thoai khac. Tuy nhien, viec xay dffng AEC lam mdt tien trinh tiep dien can tiep tuc rd sodt hang rao phi thue' quan, tiep tuc rd soat, xda bd cdc ngoai le, linh boat, bdo Iffu ciia cdc linh vffc dich vu, dau tff, di chuyen con ngffdi... Tiep tuc md rdng cac linh vffe ed anh hifdng den kha ndng canh tranh, thu hep khodng cdch phat trien, ndng cap hpi nhap vdi cdc dd'i tac FTA khdc...
V i e t N a m d a s a n s a n g ? Tai "Hdi thao nang cao vi the eiia Viet Nam hffdng ve cdng dong kinh te ASEAN 2015 vd sau 2015" mdi dffdc td chffc tai Ha Npi, dng Le Lffdng Minh - Tdng thff ky ASEAN danh gia
Quoc te - Hoi nhgp
Hien nay, ASEAN la mdt trong nhffng ddi tac quan trgng hang dau ve thffdng mai va dau tff vdi Viet Nam. ASEAN hien la thi trffdng xua't khau hang hda Idn thff 3 eiia cae doanh nghiep Viet Nam va la dd'i lac cung ca'p nguon hang hda Idn thff 2 cho eac doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Kim ngach nhap khau eiia Viet Nam vdi cac nifdc ASEAN nam 2013 dat 40,1 tyUSD.
Theo ddnh gid tai AEM-46, Viet Nam da chii ddng cffng cac nu'dc ASEAN thao luan cac bien phap nham thiic day ffu tien cao nha't hien nay la xay dffng AEC 2015 va thuc day hdp tdc vdi eac nffde ngoai khd'i. Cac nifdc danh gia cao nd life ciia Viet Nam irong vide hdi nhap ASEAN.
Mac du la mdt trong bdn nffdc gia nhap ASEAN sau nhffng Viet Nam thudc nhdm mot sd' it nffdc ed ty le thifc hien cdc bien
phdp xay dffng AEC d mffc eao nha't. Cho den nay. ASEAN da thffc hien dffde 82,1% cac bien phdp ffu tieu de ra nam 2013 theo Chffdng trinh nghi sff Ph- ndm Penh 2012 nham xay difng AEC 2015. Trong dd, Viet Nam dffde ddnh gid la mdt trong hai nu:dc cd mffc do thffc hien cao nha't, dat 90%.
Trong ITnh vffe thffdng mai hang hda, cac Bd trifdng ghi nhan ket qua tieh effc ve iff do hda thue quan ma cac nifdc ASEAN dai dffde, quan trong nha't la viee xda bd thue nhap khau vdi mffc binh quan 89% bieu thue' ve mffc 0%.
Cdc npi dung hdp tac khac nhif xda bd hang rdo phi thue quan. dff an thi diem tff chffng nhan xuat xff, cd sd dff lieu thffdng mai ASEAN, ed che hai quan mot cffa, he tho'ng qua canh hai quan, hai hda hda ede lieu chuan. cung dat dffdc nhieu lien trien tich effc.
Hdng Vi^t se phai canh tranh nhi^u hdn v6i cac nu'dc ASEAN Anh S.T
Theo cac chuyen gia, AEC se giup cac doanh nghiep trong ASEAN md rdng trao doi thifiJng mai. thu hut dau tff, day manli xua't khau, cat giam chi phi nhap khau, ha gia thiinh san pham, tie'p can cdc thi trffdng rdng Ida hdn. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhffog thuan Idi Idn, cac doanh nghiep cung se phai dd'i mat vdi nhieu thach thffc nhir canh tranh ve dich vu dau tff ciia cac nffdc ASEAN dan den mot sd'nganh, cac san pham chiu canh tranh, phai thu hep san xua't, tham chi rut khdi thi trffdng.
Theo dai dien Cue Xuat nhap khau {Bd Cdng Thu'dng), de nang eao vi the' xua't khau eiia Viet Nam hu'dng tdi AEC, trong thdi gian tdi cac doanh nghiep can tan dung chudi cung ffng nguyen vat lieu trong ASEAN, tang cffdng cdng gdp xuat xff ASEAN. Trong do tap trung hinh thanh cac chuoi cung cffng nguyen vat lieu, phat trien cdng nghiep phu trd phuc vu cho cae nganh det may, da giay, linh kien dien tff, phu tCing..
Dong thdi, eac doanh nghiep cung Iffu y to chffe san xua't theo hu'dng tan dung ngudn nguyen lieu tff ASEAN ciing nhff tiing cu'dng xua't khau sang ASEAN.
Ve phia doanh nghiep, cd hoi den iff quy md thi trifdng nhifng thach thffc canh tranh cung den tff nhieu nddc khac. Vi vay, cac doanh nghiep ciing can tan dung eac nen tang thffdng mai de m5 ra lien ke't, xuc tie'n thffdng mai
\a dau Iff. Cac doanh nghiep can cai thien nang lu'c canh iranh thdng qua i_.iL nd Iffc ben hi \e cai ihicn ch.'.i Urdng. \ a \ Jifng ihifdne hieu •
