Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe biin TIO (2010). So 2. Tr 77 - 90
ANH H U d N G CUA THlTC AN DEN SINH TRlTdNG, TY LE SONG VA CHUYEN HOA PROTEIN CUA CA TRAM DEN MYLOPHARYNGODONPICEUS
(RICHARDSON, 1846)
TA THI BINH
Trudng Dai hoc Vinh
NGUYEN VAN TIEN
Vien Nghien cuu nudi trdng thuy san I
Tom tat: Nghien cicu ndy duac thuc hien di tim ra logi thitc dn thich hap cho cd trdm den (Melopharyngodon piceus) giai dogn 30 - 100 g. Sic dung 3 logi thuc dn khdc nhau BLCI, BLC2, BLC3. Cd thi nghiem duac thd trong 6 6 ao vai dien tich 350 m /o, mat do thd 1 con/m . Cho cd dn ngdy 2 ldn cdc logi thicc dn tren a mice gdn thoa mdn, udc tinh tic 3 - 5%
khoi lucmg cd/ngdy. Kiim tra tdc do tdng trudng cua cd 20 ngdy/ldn, moi ldn cdn 50 cd thi/o.
Ty le song, hi so thicc dn vd phdn trdm chuyin hoa protein duac xdc dinh vdo thod diim kit thuc thi nghiem. Kit qud cho thdy, sau 60 ngdy nuoi cd trdm den tdng truang nhanh nhdt a nghiem thicc BLC2 (ADG 0,11 cm/con/ngdy vd 1,14 g/con/ngdy; SGR 0,69%/ngdy vd 2,17%/ngdy), sau do Id a nghiem thitc BLCI (ADG 0,1 g/con/ngdy vd 0,92g/con/ngdy; SGR 0,59% vd 1,93%/ngdy) vd chdm nhdt a nghiem thuc BLC3 (ADG 0,085cm/con/ngdy vd 0,74g/con/ngdy; SGR 0,58% vd 1,72%/ngdy). Khoi luang trung binh cita cd khi kit thiic thi nghiem ldn luoi Id 93,61 g/con, 86,96 g/con vd 68,9 g/con a cdc cong thitc BLC2, BLCI vd BLC3. Ti li song cua cd thi nghiem dgt tren 99%o, hi so thitc dn ldn luat ciia cdc logi thicc dn Id BLCI (2,1), BLC2 (1,9) vd BLC3 (2,4). Phdn trdm chuyen hoa protein cua cdc logi thicc dn Id BLCI (19,59), BLC2 (19,90) vd BLC3 (I689).Tuy nhien, theo ket qud phdn tich ANOVA cho thdy cdc chi tieu (khoi luang trung binh, ADG vi khoi luang FCR vd PPD) sai khdc co y nghia (P < 0,05), con lgi cdc chi tiiu khdc sai khdc khong co y nghia (P > 0,05).
I. MO D A U
Ca tram den (Mylopharyngodon piceus) thudc hg Cyprinidae (bo Cypriniformes) la loai ca an ddng vat than mem (Nguyen Van Hao va Ngd Sy Van, 2001). Ca Tram den la loai ca dac trung phan bd tit sdng Amua (Lien Xd) den mien Nam Trang Qudc va phia Bac Viet Nam (Nico va ctv, 2005). D6i vdi nghe nudi, ca tram den la ddi tugng ca nudc nggt nudi cd trien vgng, do sinh tmdng nhanh, san lugng cao, thit thom ngon. Mat khac chiing cd kha nang nudi rong rai d cac thiiy -vuc nudc nggt. 6 Trang Qu6c ca trim den la 1
trong 4 loai ca trayin thing dugc nudi phd biln, san lugng hang nam dat khoang 170.000 tin (Leng Xiang-Jun, Wang Zun, 2003). Nam 2003, Leng Xiang-Jun va Wang Zun da nghien cim v l nhu cau dinh dudng ciia ca tram den, lap cdng thitc thitc an, chi biln thiic an vien bang nguyen lieu dia phuang. Nghien cim nay da md ra triln vgng vl phat trien san xuit thirc an cdng nghiep nu6i ca tram den d Trang qudc .
0 Viet Nam nghe nuoi ca tram den da phat trien trong khoang 2 nam trd lai day d cac tinh Hai Duong, Bac Ninh, Ninh Binh, Hung Yen, VTnh Phiic (Nguyin Thi Dieu Phuong va ctv, 2009). Tuy nhien, chi dang dimg lai d hinh thirc nuoi ghep vdi ty le rat nho trong cac he th6ng ao h6, dam vdi ca Tram cd, Troi, Me trang, Me hoa chii yeu de tan dung ngu6n thiic an tu nhien trong ao. San lugng chua dap ling dugc nhu cau ciia ngudi tieu dung. Mgt trong cac khau c6 the nang cao dugc san lugng la phai co hinh thitc nuoi phii hgp, trong dd thitc an dung de nudi d6ng vai trd quan trgng. Hien tai thirc an dung de nudi chii yeu la dgng vat than mem (6c, hen,...), loai thitc an nay hien nay ngay cang it va day la han che de phat trien nghe nuoi ca tram den. Trade thuc te d6 viec tim ra loai thiic an phu hgp cho nu6i ca tram den trong dieu kien Viet Nam la can thiet.
II. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 1. Thdi gian va dia diem thuc hien
Thi nghiem nudi ca tram den trong ao dugc tien hanh tai Vien Nghien cim nuoi tr6ng thuy san I (NCNTTS) d Dinh Bang, Tit Son, tinh Bac Ninh tir thang 6 den thang 9 nam 2009.
2. Vat lieu - ca thi nghiem
Ca tram den dugc mua tir Me Linh, tinh VTnh Phiic. Trade khi b6 tri thi nghiem ca dugc luyen cho an thitc an Cargill 7424 cd ham lugng protein tdi thieu 40%, lipid t6i thieu la 8% kich thudc 1,2 mm. Sau do cho ca an thitc an mdi. Cd ca thi nghiem: 24,5- 26,4g/con.
3. Thuc an thi nghiem
Thiic an sir dung trong thi nghiem gdm 3 loai do Vien NCNTTS 1 san xuat la:
BLC 1(100% bgt ca), BLC2 (thay thi 25% bgt ca bing men bia), BLC3 (thay thi 50% bgt ca bang men bia). Thanh phin dinh dudng cac loai thitc an thi nghiem the hien d bang 1.
Bang 1: Thanh phin nguyen lieu va dinh dudng ciia cong thitc thiic an sit dung nuoi ca tram den thi nghiem (%)
Nguyen lieu Gluten ng6 55% CP
Men bia kho Bgt ca CP/CL 60%/8%
Kh6 diu d6 44% CP Dau ca Cam my Bgt my trang Choline chloride Vitamin C (coated) Chat ch6ng oxy hoa (ethoxiquin)
Vitamin/mineral premix ( ) DL-methionine
L-lysine HCl Protein thd
Lipid th6 Xotho
Do am Nang lugng (KJ/kg)
Cdng thuc thuc an BLCI
5 0 40 21 3 16 14 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.75 0.1
0 41.78
• ,.7.46 3.0 6.56 12.9
BLC2 5 12 30 21 3 13.51
14 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.75 0.18 0.4 41.63
7.34 2.8 5.22 12.9
BLC3 5 24 20 20 3.7 12.65
13 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.75 0.25 0.5 41.76
7.14 2.7 9.84 13.4 f) Thdnh phdn vitamin, khodng bo sung cho 1 kg thuc dn: Vitamin A 9000 lU, Vitamin D3
1500 lU, Vitamin E: 60 mg. Vitamin K3: 4,5 mg. Vitamin C: 45 mg, Biotin: 0,15 mg, Folic acid: 3 mg, Niacin: 60 mg; Pantothenic acid: 22,5 mg. Thiamine Bl: 13,5 mg, Dong (CUSO4.5H2O): 4,5 mg Sat (FeS04.7H20): 75 mg Mangan (MnS04.H20): 30 mg Kem
(ZnS04.H20): 45 mg 4. Phuo-ng phap nghien cuu
Thi nghiem dugc thuc hien trong 6 6 ao dien tich 350 m^/6. Mat do tha nhu nhau d tat ca cac d (1 con/m^). Mdi 6 thi nghiem iha 350 con ca. Thi nghiem b6 tri theo so d6
khoi ngiu nhien. M6i nghiem thiic thirc an lap lai 2 lin. Ca cho an thiie an thi nghiem d miic gin thda man, udc tinh tit 3 - 5% khdi lugng ca trong ao, ngay 2 lin. Dinh ky 20 ngay kilm tra siic tang tmdng ciia ca. Sd miu ca la 50 ca thl/d/1 lin thu mlu. Thi nghiem tiln hanh trong 60 ngay.
Cac ylu to mdi tradng nhu nhiet do dugc theo doi hang ngay bing nhiet kl thiiy ngan; pH, DO dugc kilm tra 1 ngay/lan bang Test so mau; ham lugng NH3, NH4, NO2, NO3 va P04dugc do 1 lan/tuan bang Test so mau (Germany).
Thanh phin protein ciia ca tram den va thiic an thi nghiem dugc phan tich liic bat diu va kit thiic thi nghiem tai phdng sinh hgc thudc Vien NCNTTS I. Phan tram chuyen h6a protein dugc tinh theo c6ng thitc:
D(%)) = Protein tang len (Protein gain)/ Protein an vao (Protein intake) x 100
S6 lieu thi nghiem dugc xit ly bang phan mem EXCEL. Anh hudng ciia cac loai thitc an din sinh tradng ciia ca dugc xae dinh" tren co sd phan tich phuong sai 1 nhan t6.
Tieu chuin LSD dl so sanh su khac nhau giiia cac nghiem thiic thiic an.
111. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 1. Mdi trudng
Trong qua trinh thi nghiem cac ylu to mdi tradng nhu pH, ham lugng 6xy hda tan (DO), P04^", NO3", NOz', NH3 va NH4"^ diu nim trong pham vi thuan lgi cho su sinh tradng ciia ca trim den. Theo Nico va ctv (2005), nhiet do thich hgp cho ca tram den sinh tradng la 20 - 30°C. Vi vay, nhiet do trong qua trinh thi nghiem dao ddng tit khoang 29,1 - 36,6°C tmng binh 32,7°C la hai cao so vdi ngudng nhiet do thich hgp cho ca tram den sinh tmdng (bang 2), tuy nhien van nam trong khoang chiu dung ciia ca tram den.
Bang 2: Mdt sd yeu t6 mdi tradng trong nudc tai ao thi nghiem
Nhiet do32,7 29,1-36,6
pH
7,3-8,6
DO (mg/l)
4,9 3,6-6,0
P04^
(mg/l) 0,26 0,1-0,5
NO2 (mg/l)
0,09 0,07-0,1
NO3 (mg/l)
1,83 1-2,3
NH3 (mg/l)
0,03 0,048-0,006
NH4 (mg/l)
0,36 0,25-0,63
2. Toe do tang trudng
1) - Toe do tdng tru&ng ve chieu ddi vd khoi luang a giUa cdc cong thirc thi nghiem:
Tdc do tang tradng tuyet dii vl chiiu dai khi kit thuc thi nghiem cao nhat la thitc an BLC2 (0,11/con/ngay), sau dd la BLCI (0,10 cm/con/ngay), BLC3 (0,08 cm/con/ngay).
T6c do tang tradng tuong dii la BLCI (0,59%/ngay), BLC2 (0,69%/ngay) va BLC3 (0,58%)/ngay) (bang 3). Nhu vay t6c do tang trudng tuyet ddi, tuong ddi ve chieu dai ciia ca tram den nudi sit dung ba loai thuc an BLCI, BLC2, BLC3 tuong duong nhau (P>0,05).
Bang 3: Sinh tradng ciia ca tram den giiia cac cdng thiic thi nghiem Chi tieu
Catha Cathu Tang them ADG SGR
BLCI W(g/con) 25,6±0,07' 81,2±26,8''
55,65 0,93±0,13' 1,93±0,18'
L(cm/con) 13.4±1,47' 18,97±1,76'
5,57 0,1 ±0,007' 0,59±0,05''
BLC2 W(g/con) 25,5±0,28' 93,6^22,8"
55,65 1,14±0,08'' 2,17±0,07"
L(cm/con)
i3±i,or
19,17±2,4r 6,17 0,11±0,028'
0,69±0,16'
BLC3 W(g/con) 24,5±0,42' 68,9±14,6'
44,40
o,74±o,or
1,72±0,02''
L(cm/con) 13±0,85'' 18,28±1,36''
5,28 0,085±0,007'
o,58±o,or
Tai thdi diem kit thiic thi nghiem t6c do tang tradng kh6i lugng tuyet ddi theo ngay cao nhit la thitc an BLC2 (1,14 g/con/ngay) va c6 su khac biet th6ng ke (P<0.05) vdi hai nghiem thiic BLCI (0,92 g/con/ngay) va BLC3 (0,77 g/con/ngay) (bang 4). Kit qua phan tich thdng ke ve tang tradng kh6i lugng tuong d6i ciia ca tram den qua 60 ngay nu6i cho thiy CO sir khac biet thing ke (P<0.05) giiia cac nghiem thiic BLC3 (1,72%/ngay) vdi hai nghiem thitc BLC2 (2,17%/ngay) va (BLCI (1,93%/ngay).
- Chieu ddi vd khoi luong cua cd trdm den trong qud trinh thi nghiem: Ca tram den khi bit diu bd tri thi nghiem cd chieu dai tir 13 - 13,4 cm, sau 60 ngay thi nghiem gia tri nay dat cao nhit d nghiem thiic BLC2 (19,17 cm), k l tilp la BLCI (18,97 cm) va BLC3 (18,28 cm). Khii lugng tmng binh ciia ca tram den khi bo tri thi nghiem tir 24,5 - 25,6 g.
Khdi lugng tmng binh khi ket thiic thi nghiem la 93,61 g/con (BLC2), 81,2 g/con (BLCI) va 68,9 g/con (BLC3). Qua hinh 1 ciing cho thay chieu dai va kh6i lugng tmng binh cua ca tram den khi sir dung thitc an BLC2 lu6n cao nhat d.cac lan kiem tra sau dd den thirc an BLCI va thap nhat la thitc an BLC3. Ket qua thi nghiem nay cho thay ca tram den d giai doan nay sinh traong nhanh ve kh6i lug-ng hon chieu dai co the.
¥- • BLC1 — • — BLC2 BLC3
20 40 Ngay nuoi
2 5
10
- • BLCI -BLC2 - - -A- -- BLC3
20 40 Ngay n u d i
Hinh 1: Tmng binh chieu dai va khii lugng ciia ca tram den trong qua trinh thi nghiem tang tradng ve khdi lugng
- Toe do tdng tru&ng tuyet doi vd tucmg doi ve chieu ddi: T6c do tang tradng tuyet ddi ve chieu dai ca tram den tang diu dan trong giai doan ngay nuoi 0 - 20. Tir ngay 20,
toe do tang tradng tuyet ddi vl chiiu dai d cac nghiem thitc cd xu hudng giam. Va nghiem thitc BLC2 dat tang tradng tuyet ddi cao nhit so vdi hai nghiem thiic cdn lai d cac lan kiem tra dau nhung Iai dat thap nhat d Ian kiem tra cudi ciing.
Tdc do tang tmdng tuong d6i ve chieu dai ciia ca tram den tang manh hi ngay 0 - 2 0 (BLCI: 0,75%; BLC2: 8,35%; BLC3 la 8,1%), sau d6 giam din din ngay nudi 60 (BLCI:
0,4%; BLC2: 0,3%; BLC3 la 0,45%).
a. o
tn 10
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
BLC1 E1BLC2 S B L C 3
H/y^/toS-!
20 40
Ngay nuoi
60
Hinh 2: Tdc do tang trudng tuyet ddi va tuong d6i ve chieu dai
D BLC1 a BLC2 0 BLC3 2n
1.8 1.6 -ra I.' .E 1.2 ^
c
I 1
S'O.8 Q 0.6
0.4 0.2 0
20 40
Ngay nuoi
D BLCI 0 BLC2 Q BLC3
60
40 Ngay nuoi
60
Hinh 3: Tdc do tang tradng tuyet d6i va tuong d6i ve khoi lugng
- Toe do tdng tru&ng tuyet doi vd tuang doi ve khoi luang: Toe do tang tradng tuyet ddi ngay cua ca trim den d nghiem thiic BLCI va BLB2 tang dan va dat cao nhat d ngay thii 60 la 0,92 g/con/ngay va 1,14 g/con/ngay. Ngugc lai, nghiem thiic BLC3 dat miic cao nhat d ngay thii 40 la 0,82 g/con/ngay.
6 tit ca cac nghiem thiic t i c do sinh tradng tuong ddi cua ca tram den chi tang tit ngay 0 - 20 (BLCI: 0,95%; BLC2: 3,1%; BLC3 la 1,58%), sau do giam din din cuoi chu ky nu6i (BLCI: 0,47%; BLC2: 0,52%; BLC3 la 0,42%).
Dua tren kit qua phan tich ANOVA mgt nhan td va dung ngudng LSD de so sanh, ket qua cho thiy tdc do tang tmdng ciia ca trim den c6 su khac nhau giiia cac nghiem thiic, nghiem thicc BLC2 cd tdc do tang tmdng; cao nhat. Thitc an d ca 3 nghiem thiic co ham lugng protein va lipid va thanh phin acid amin la tuong duang nhau (40% protein, 7%o lipid) nhung khac biet ve ty le phdi trdn nguyen lieu. Ket qua nuoi thit nghiem cho thay nguyen lieu thitc an cd anh hudng rd ret den hieu qua sit dung thiic an va tdc do tang tradng ciia ca.
Ket qua thi nghiem cho thay khi ca sit dung thitc an BLC2 (thay the 25%) bdt ca bang men bia) co tdc do tang trudng cua ca tram den cao hon so vdi thiic an BLCI (100%) bgt ca) va BLC3 (thay the 50%) bgt ca bang men bia). Dieu nay dugc giai thich cd the la do khi ca sir dung thirc an BLC2 (thay the 25% bdt ea bang men bia) kha nang tieu hda ciia ca tram den tdt hon so vdi hai cdng thirc cdn lai.
3 r f - i •> 1 ^ ^
. T y le song
Ty le sdng ciia ca thi nghiem cao, dat tren 99% va khong cd su sai khac dang ke giiia cac nghiem thiic. Ket qua nghien ciiu ciing cho thay cac loai thitc an khac nhau kh6ng anh hudng den ty le sdng cua ca thi nghiem.
BLC1 BLC2
Cong thik
BLC3
Hinh 4: Ty le sdng cua ca tram den trong qua trinh thi nghiem
4. Hieu qua sir dung thuc an va he sd chuyen doi thuc an cua ca trSm den nudi bSng cac loai thuc an khac nhau
Thiic an tieu thu theo trgng lugng khd (DFI) cua nghiem thiic BLC2 la cao nhit 117,39 g/con/60ngay, sau do din nghiem thiic BLCI (105.55 g/con/60 ngay) va thip nhit la nghiem thiic BLC3 (97.16 g/con/60ngay) (P>0,05).
Hieu qua sit dung thiic an (FE) ciing cd su sai khac d 3 nghiem thitc trong do cao nhit la nghiem thiic BLC2 (0,58 g/g) sai khac cd y nghia (P<0,05) vdi hai nghiem thiic cdn lai BLCI (0,53 g/g) va BLC3 (0,46 g/g).
He so chuyen ddi thiic an (FCR): ca an thiic an BLCI (2,1); BLC2 (1,9) va ca hai chi sd dd deu thap hon he sd chuyen ddi thitc an khi an thitc an BLC3 (2,4) (P<0,05). So vdi nghien citu ciia Micheal C. Cremer, Zhou Enhua va Zhang Jian (2004) thi FCR = 1,32 va nam 2006 (FCR = 1,08) d ciing giai doan nudi thi ket qua d thi nghiem nay ciia chung tdi la cao han.
Bang 4: Hieu qua sit dung thiic an va he sd chuyen d6i thitc an ciia ca tram den nudi bang cac loai thitc an khac nhau
Chi tieu
Thiic an tieu thu theo trgng lugng khd (DFI) (g/con/60 ngay)
Hieu qua sit dung thiic an (FE) (g/g) He so chuyen ddi thiic an (FCR)
Cong thuc thuc an BLCI
105.55±12.76'
0.53±0.01' 2.1'^
BLC2 117.39±1.75'
0.58±0.03'' 1.9'
BLC3 97.16±4.
47a 0.46±0.0
1' 2.4'=
5. Hieu qua sir dung protein
Ket qua phan tich sinh hda ciia ca trim den trade va sau thi nghiem khi nudi bang cac loai thitc an khac nhau cho thay cho thay protein hau nhu khdng cd su thay doi ciia ca trade va sau thi nghiem. Trade khi thi nghiem thanh phan protein ciia ca tram den la 16,8%). Sau khi ket thuc thi nghiem thanh phin protein ciia ca trim den dugc nu6i bang cac loai thitc an khac nhau lin lugt la BLCI (16,76%), BLC2 (16,12%), BLC3 (16,95%).
Sau 60 ngay nu6i hieu qua sit dung protein d cac cdng thiic thiic an khac nhau cd su
sai khac rd rang trong do cao nhit la cdng thiic BLC2 (1,23 g/g protein), tiep den la c6ng
thiic BLCI (1,18 g/g protein) va thip nhit la cdng thiic BLC3 (0,96 g/g protein). Va tit ca
ca; nghiem thiic diu sai khac cd y nghTa (P<0,05). Protein chuyin hda ciing sai khac cd y nghTa (P<0,05) d giira 3 cong thirc thitc an la BLCI (19.59%); BLC2 (19,90%); BLC3 (16,89%o). Nhu vay, hieu qua sir dung va chuyin hoa protein ciia ca tram den d trong thi nghiem nay la rit thip.
Bang 5: Hieu qua sit dung protein ciia ca tram den d cac c6ng thuc thi nghiem Chi tieu
Protein ciia ca trudc thi nghiem (%) Protein ciia ca sau thi nghiem (%) Hieu qua sit dung protein (PER) (g/g protein)
Protein chuyen hoa (%)
Cong thuc thirc an BLCI
16.8 16.76 1.18±0.06'' 19.59±0.15''
BLC2 16.8 16.12 1.23±0.001' 19.90±0.14'
BLC3 16.8 16.95 0.96±0.0'' 16.89±0.85'
6. Chi phi thuc an
Bang 6: Chi phi thirc an de thu dugc 1 kg ca tang trgng Thuc an thi nghiem
BLCI BLC2 BLC3
Gia thuc an (d/kg) 21700 21000 20600
HSTA 2,1
1,9 2,4
Chi phi thuc an(d/kg) 45570
39900 49440
De thu dugc 1 kg ca tang trgng dung thiic an BLC3 chi phi ve thitc an ldn nhat (49440 ding), tilp din la thitc an BLCI (45570 ding) va thip nhit la thiic an BLC2 (39000 dong). Do thitc an BLC2 cd thay the 25% hot ea bang men bia nen gia nguyen lieu cho 1 kg thiic an giam hon so vdi thitc an BLCI (100% bgt ca). Trong khi do thitc an BLC3 CO thay the 50%) bgt ca bang men bia nen gia thanh nguyen lieu cho 1 kg thirc an la thap nhat, tuy nhien khi nuoi ca tram den bang thitc an nay thi cho t6c do tang tradng cham va he sd thiic an cao vi the chi phi thiic an cho 1 kg ca tang trgng d thitc an nay la ldn nhat.
7. Thao luan
Ca tram den la loai ca an thit, d thdi ki dau khi che bien thitc an thudng hay dimg bdt ca vdi mdt lugng rat ldn, nhung gan day do ngu6n cung cap ngay cang han che kh6ng
cung cip dii bgt ca, gia ca lai ngay mgt cao, viec thay thi bgt ca bing cac nguIn dam re tien, san cd c6 y nghTa quan trgng.
Michael C. Cremer, Zhang Jian and Zhou (2004) nghien ciiu sit dung dau tuong uong ca trim den giong dat tmng binh tang tradng 0,37g/con/ngay. Ty le sdng ddi vdi ca trim den giong la 94,3%, FCR=0,95. Thi nghiem thay thi mgt phin bgt ca bing bgt dau tuong hoac bgt dau Lupin sit dung trong uong gidng ca trim den, tren co sd dam bao ham lugng protein la 40%. Thi nghiem da ket luan rang bgt dau tuong va bgt dau Lupin hoan toan cd the thay the dugc bgt ca, khi cac ket qua ve tang trgng, he so thitc an, ty le protein hieu qua va gia tri protein tao ra giiia cac cdng thitc khac nhau khdng dang ke (Lee Dan va ctv, 2006). Ngoai ra cd the thay the bdt ca bang cac loai protein ddng vat cd gia thanh thap nhu bdt mau, nhdng tam (lugng hot mau va nhgng tam khoang 2 - 4% la thich hgp); Cac loai kh6 dau thuc vat (kh6 dau dau nanh dau, kh6 dau hat cai, hat bong,...) chiem khoang 50%-70% (Leng Xiang-Jun va Wang Zun, 2003).
Theo Lee Dan va nnk (2006 ) cho biet ngoai thanh phan dinh dudng trong thiic an phai dap ung du nhu cau dinh dudng cho ca sinh tradng thi cdn phai chu y den thanh phan nguyen lieu dinh dudng hgp ly trong thitc an vi mdi loai khac nhau se cd kha nang tieu hda khac nhau. Trong thi nghiem ciia chiing tdi nhan thay thiic an BLC2 cho t6c do tang trudng nhanh nhat, hieu qua sit dung protein cao hon cac nghiem thitc khac. He sd chuyen doi thitc an ciia ca an thiic an BLC2 thap hon so vdi thitc an sit dung 40% bgt ca. Nhu vay cd the thay the 25% bgt ca bang men bia khd cho ket qua tang tradng nhanh hon so vdi sit dung 100% bdt ca. Tuy nhien, thay the 50%) bdt ca bang men bia lam giam tdc do tang tradng, tang he sd thiic an va giam hieu qua sit dung protein (BLC3). Thi nghiem nay cGng triing hgp vdi bao cao ciia Lee Dan va nnk (2006) da dua ra la kha nang tieu hda ciia cac loai men bia lam thiic an cho ca tram den la 82,1% va kha nang tieu hda ciia hot ca la 64,5 %. Tuy nhien, thi nghiem nay ciing chua nghien ciiu dugc su anh hudng ciia men bia trong cong thitc thitc an thay the bdt ca ddi vdi kha nang tieu hoa, tich liiy lipid va tich liiy nang lugng ciia ca tram den. Vdi nhirng kit qua ciia thi nghiem nay c6 the ket luan c6ng thiic thiic an BLC2 (thay thi 25%) bgt ca bing men bia) la tot nhit. Tuy nhien van phai tiep tuc cai tien nham giam hon niia he s6 thitc an.
IV. KET LUAN
- Ca trim den nuoi bing thiic an BLC2 (thay thi 25%) hot ca bang men bia) cd tdc do tang tradng, ty le sing, he so chuyin dii thiic an cao hon so vdi thiic an BLCI (100%o bdt ca) va BLC3 (thay thi 50% hot ca bing men bia).
- Hieu qua sit dung va c h u y i n hda protein cua ca t r i m den d trong thi nghiem nay la rat t h i p . • >
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FEED ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, SURVIVAL RATE AND PROTEIN DEPOSITED OF BLACK CARP MYLOPHARYNGODON
P/C^f/.S (RICHARDSON, 1846)
TA THI BINH, NGUYEN VAN TIEN
Summary: This study was undertaken to determine suitable feed for black carp (Melopharyngodon piceus) 30 -lOOg stage. Three different feed formulations were used BLCI, BLC2, BLC3. Experimental fish werw stocked in 6 hapa in 03 ponds with 350 m /hapa, density stocking Ifish/m^. Feeding twice/day with above feed kinds at demand offish. Growth rate offish was check every 20 days, each to weigh 50fish/hapa. Survival offish, FCR and percent protein deposited were determine at the end of the experiment. The results show that, after 60 days Black carp reach fastest growth at BLC2 (ADG 0.11 cm/flsh/day and 1.14 g/flsh/day; SGR 0.69%/ngdy and 2.17%,/day), follow is BLCI (ADG 0.1 cm/fish/day and 0.92 g/flsh/day; SGR 0.59%/day and 1.85%/day) and slowest at BLC3 (ADG 0.085 cm/flsh/day and 0.74 g/flsh/day; SGR 0.58%/day and 1.72%i/day). Average weight offish at the end of the experiment is 93.61 g/fish, 86.96 g/fish and 68.9 g/fish at BLC2, BLCI and BLC3 respectively.
The survival of experimental fish at 3 feed formulations equivalent and over 99%, FCR of BLCI (2,1), BLC2 (1.9) and BLC3 (2.4). Percent protein deposited of BLCI (19.59), BLC2 (19.90) and BLC3 (16.89). ANOVA analysis shows that the differences between the feed formulations about ADG weight, FCR are statistical significance (P<0.05), SGR (L, W), ADG
(L) and PPD, survival are not significantly diferent (P>0.05).
Keywords: Black carp, growth, protein deposited
Ngdy nhan bdi: 15 - 11 - 2009
Nguoi nhan xet: PGS. TS. Nguyin Chu H6i
