I
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE NANG taONG - TRl/ONG DAI HOC DIEN Ll/C ( I S S N : 1 S 5 9 - 4 5 5 V )THI^T K^ VA CH^ TAO THLP NGHIEM THIET Bj PHAN TICH C H A T LU'DNG DIEN NANG CHO PHU TAI TRONG LU'DI DIEN PHAN P H 6 |
DISIGNED AND IMPLEMENTED A POWER ANALYZER FOR LOADS IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Quach Dire Cu'6'ng\ Trjnh Trpng Chu'6'ng\ N g u y i n Nhat T u n g ^ Ha Van Chiln^
^Truv'ng Dai hoc Cong nghiep Ha N0i, ^Tru-ang Dai tioc Dien ILK
Tom tat:
Bai toan quan ly, giam sat chat lu'dng dien nang vdi day du cac chi tieu, dUa ra canh bao khi cac tham so nam ngoai gidi han cho phep de dam bao cac muc tieu kinh te - ky thuat cho san xuat cong nghiep mang tinh rat cap thi§t. Hien nay tren thj tru'dng, cac thiet bj phan tich chat lu'dng dien nang chu yeu cua nu'dc ngoai, co gia thanh cao, dai cong suat d nhieu tmdng hdp khong phCi hdp vdi doi tu'dng do cong suat nho va sd dung phu'c tap. Trong bai bao nay, chung toi se gidi thieu ket qua thiet ke, che tao thLr nghiem mot thiet bj phan tich chat lu'dng dien nang di dong (dang cam tay), ap dung cho doi tu'dng phu tai I pha, cd tinh nang phan tich dang song dong dien, dien ap; tong song hai dong va ap, cosphi, tan so,... Ket qua thii' nghiem du'dc so sanh doi chieu vdi may phan tich chat lu'dng dien nang Fluke 437-11 co mu'c sai so khong qua 3,5% ve cong suat va khong qua 1,5% ve dien ap, dong dien.
Tijr khoa:
Phan tich chat lUdng dien nang, phu tai, STM32-F4.
Abstract:
The problem of managing and monitoring the quality of electricity with all indicators, giving warning when the parameters are outside the permitted limits to ensure the economic and technical targets for industrial production is very necessary. Currently, most of power analyzers in Vietnam are imported, expensive and complex in use. Moreover, their power ranges, in many cases, are not suitable for measurement on low power loads. In this paper, we will present the results of the design and manufacture of a portable power quality analyzer (handheld), applicable to single phase loads, which features current waveform analysis, voltage; total current and voltage harmonics, power coefficient, frequency,... The test results were compared against the Fluke 437-11 Power Quality Analyzer with a tolerance of no more than 3.5% in power and less than 1.5% in voltage and current.
Keywords:
Power quality analysis, load, STM32-F4.
Ngay nhan bai: 17/8/2017, ngay chap nhan dang: 3/10/2017, phan bien: TS. Cung Thanh Long.
4 2 So 13 thang 11-2017
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG
1. GIOI THIEU
Hien nay, viec giam sat cd hieu qua qua trinh tieu thu dien nang va chat lugfng dien nang cua phu tai ha ap da dugc su dung va dang pho bien d eac cong ty dien luc, cac doanh nghiep san xuat 6 nude ta [1]. Tren thi trudmg, cd kha nhi6u thiet bi phuc vu cong tac do ludng, giam sat chat luong dien nang, cd the do ludng cling luc nhieu tham so: dong, ap, cosphi, song hai bac cao, t^n so,... da chiic nang [2, 3].
Tuy nhien, hau het cac thiet bi nay deu nhap ngoai, co gia thanh cao, dac biet la thieu nhiing thi6t bi phuc vii cong tac do ludng cong suat nho, cd the in true tiep ket qua, phan tich tung bac song hai. Bdi vay, viec ap dung cong nghe tien tien de thiSt ke, che tao thiet bi hoan toan bang cong nghe trong nuoc, vdi muc tieu chat luong tuomg duong cua nuac ngoai, gia thanh ha, chii dong trong cung ung la nhu cau cap thiet.
Ti^p ndi ket qua nghien cuu trong [3], trong bai bao nay, chung tdi se gidi thieu k8t qua thi6t k ^ ch^ tao thiet bi phan tich chat lugmg dien nang cho mot ddi tuong
NGHE NANG Ll/CfNG - TRl/CfNG DAI HOC DIEN LLTC I ( I S S N : 1 B 5 9 - 4 5 5 7 ) | phu tai ha ap, c6 cac thong sd cu the nhu sau:
• Cong suat tai den 15 kW ; - Dien ap: 220/380 V.
Thiet bi nay cd nhiem vu phan tich: tdng hai dong va ap (THDj, THDu), cac hai thanh phan bac 3, bac 5 va dang song ca ban, he so cong suat, thn so ludi; Phan tich su lech pha tren tai, tinh toan dong trung tinh [4, 5]. Cac yeu cku v8 phan tich chat lugng dien nang phu tai dugc thuc hien bdi cong nghe vi xijr ly, xu ly tin hieu s6 de phan tich. Thiet bi nho ggn, dang xach tay phu hap cho viec kiem tra luu dong. Thiet bi da dugc chay thir nghiem va danh gia so bg hieu qua tren tai thuc te.
Ve cau true bai bao, ngoai phan gidi thieu chung, trong phSn 2 se trinh bay qua trmh phan tich thiet ke phan ciing. Phan 3 la ket qua thiet ke phan mem. Noi dung danh gia ket qua va thii nghiem dugc trinh bay d phan 4 cua bai bao.
2. PHAN TICH THiiT K^ PHAN CLfNG 2.1. Cau true tong quan cua phan cirng
Oi Ngat |=;>r T i n h / c o s ( ( p ) ^ ARM Cortex M4
Hinh 2. So do long the thiet bj phan tich chat liPffng dien nang
43
I
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG I ( I S S N : 1 3 5 9 - 4 5 5 V )NGHE NANG LUONG - TRL/dNG DAI HOC DIEN LL/C
cku true cua thilt bi dugc md ta nhu tren hinh 1, CO sd lira chpn cac thiet bi, linh kien dugc ke thira tu ket qua nghien cuu trong [3]. Tin hieu tir cam bien dugc dua tdi bg Igc thong thap de loc cac thanh phan hai bac cao truoc khi dua tdi cac bg chuyen doi ADC cua vi dieu khien MCU (Micro Controller Unit). Khau xir ly so se thuc hien tach loc song bSc 1, song hai bac 3, bdc 5 vdi chu ky ISy m§u la 50|j,s.
Giao dien hien thi cua thiet bi su dung man hinh GLCD cho phep hien thi day du cac thong so mot each thuan Igi.
2.2. Thiet ke va cau hinh phan cijng Phan cung ciia thiet bi phan tich chat lugng dien nang bao gdm nhung khdi chinh:
• Khdi xur ly trung tam su dung vi dieu khian ARM STM32F407 [6]. DS thuan Igi cho viec hieu chinh thiet bi a day chung toi su dung KIT phat tri6n STM32F4 Discovery. Day la KIT da nang cd tich hgp sin bg nap ST-linkV2. Trung tam cua KIT la loi xu ly ARM Cortex4 STM32F407VGT boat dong d tin sd 168 MHz, 1 Mbyte bg nhd ROM, 192 Kbyte bg nhd RAM, 24 kenh ADC 12-bit,...
Chip boat dong d dien ap 3.3 V.
• Khoi cam bien dong su dung cam bien CSNE151-100 cua Honeywell cd do chinh xac ±0,25%. Cam bien dien ap su dung loai HNV025A vdi do chinh xac la
±0,6%. Cac tin hieu dong dien, dien ap tai dku ra ciia cam bien dugc dua tdi bg loc thdng thap de loai bo cac hai bac cao trudc khi dua tdi cac kenh ADC cua MCU. Day la bg loc bac 2 co cac tham sd:
tan so cat fc= 1150 Hz, he sd dao d^ng D = 1, chi s6 chit lugng Q = 0,707.
Hinh 3. Bd loc thong thap Tin hieu sau khi qua bg Igc la tin hieu xoay chi8u, de noi tin hieu tren vdi kenh ADC can phai thuc hien hieu chinh tin hieu xoay chieu thanh tin hieu cd gia tri duong (hinh 4).
165VI 7 W ^
Hinh 2. Kit STM32F407 Discovery
Hinh 4. Mach hieu chinh Viec tinh toan tan s6 cimg he sd cong suat dua tren ket qua do thoi gian giOa hai su kien ngat cua tin hieu dong dien va ngat cua tin hi?u dien ap. Hinh 5 la so do mach So 13 thang 11-2017
TAP CHi KHOA HOC vA C 6 N G N G H $ NANG Ll/lJNG - TRI/6NG DAI HOC D I | N LLTC I ( I S S N : 1 S 5 9 - 4 5 5 V ) I dien phat hien di6m 0 eua dong va ap. Tin
hieu Triger tai dSu ra eiia mach dien se dugc dua tdi chan ngit cua MCU.
Hinh 5. IMach phat hien diem 0 cua cac tin higu dong dien va dien ap 2.3. Cau hinh phan cirng
Cau hinh phan ciing th8 hien trong bang 1. Cd 6 kenh do (diSn ap, dong dien) dugc ket ndi vdi 6 kenh ADC 12-bit va 6 kenh ngat nhu trong bang 1.
Ngoai con c6 cac module chuc nang khac nhu: loa chip, GLCD hien thi dft lieu, cac phim chuc nang dieu khien thiet bi, module giao tiep theo chuan RS232...
Bang 1. Cau hinh phar
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tin hieu Dien ap pha A Dien ap pha B Dien ap pha C Dong dien pha A Dong dien pha B Dong dien pha C Ngat ap pha A
cipng kenh 30
Kenh AD12 AD14 AD8 A D l l
ADl AD9 EXTI7
Chan PC2 PC4 PBO PCI PAl PBl PE7
TT 8 9 10 11 12
Tin hieu Ngdt ap pha B Ngit ap pha C Ngat dong pha A Ngit dong pha B NgSt dong pha C
Kenh EXTI9 EXTIIl EXTI8 EXTllO EXTI12
Chan PE9 PEll PES PEIO PE12 3. THI^T Kt P H A N M £ M
Ma ngudn ciia thi8t bi dugc phat trien theo trinh bien dich Keil C va cong cu hd trg thiet lap he thdng Cube-MX cda Microelectronics [7]. Mot chu ky tinh toan se thuc hien cac cong viec sau:
• Cho phep ngit cua tSt ca 6 kenh (dong, ap) de do tan s6 va he so cong suat. Tan so dugc do bang each khi xay ra ngat cua tin hieu dien ap thi dgc gia tri ciia Timer9 sau do reset gia tri thanh ghi nay. TSn so xung Timer9 la 1 MHz. Nhu v^y tan sd ludi dugc tinh theo cong t h i i c / = 10^/x.
Trong do x la gia tri thanh ghi cua Timer.
Tuang tu nhu tren cd the tinh dugc khoang thoi gian lech giira dong dien va dien ap de quy ra h§ so cong suat.
• Ket thiic qua trinh tinh toan tan so va he s6 cdng suSt thi cac sir kien ngSt se bi cSm, MCU sS chuyen sang dge dii lieu dien ap, dong di^n tung pha va thuc hien viec Igc so de tach cac thanh phan bac 1, bac 3 va bac 5 trong tin hieu dien ap/dong dien. Tham so cac bg Igc s6 dugc lay tit ket qua nghien cuu d-ong [3]. Chu ky ISy mlu va loc so la T = 50|is va dugc thuc hien boi su kien ngat ciia TimerlO.
I TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE NANG Ll/CfNG - TRI/6NG DAI HOC DIEN LL/C I d S S N : 1 B 5 9 - 4 5 5 V )
; 1 1 . li i 1L
Hinh 6. Cau hinh MCU bang Cube-MX T h e o [ 2 ] , q u a t r i n h q u a d o c u a c a c b g loc k e o dai 0,25s t u o n g u n g v d i 5 0 0 0 c h u k y xii ly. D e g i a m b d t l u g n g liru t r u c h u d i d i i lieu, M C U s e t h u c h i e n p h e p Igc s o t r o n g 5 0 0 0 c h u k y d a u n h u n g k h o n g l u u giii dii lieu. B a t d a u tir c h u k y thii 5 0 0 1 tdi c h u k y d u i 5 0 4 0 0 , M C U s e t h u c h i e n x u l y l o c so v a l u u g i u dir lieu t h a n h c a c c h u o i Xj (0) d e n X, ( 3 9 9 ) p h u c v u c h o v i e c t i n h c a c gia tri h i e u d u n g c u a c a c t h a n h p h a n hai v a s o n g CO b a n t h e o c o n g thiic [ 2 ] :
UlOO
H-'u)
4. K^T QUA C H £ TAO VA THLP NGHIEM 4.1. Ket qua che tao
7^
Chiing toi da hoan thanh che tao thu nghiem thiet hi phan tich chat lugng dien nang (hinh 7, 8 va 9). Mach hien thi va xii ly bao gdm: KIT STM32F4 Discovery, khdi man hinh GLCD 12864, khdi phim chiic nang va khoi truyen thong noi tiep theo chuin RS232.
Mach do ludrng bao gom 3 cam bien dong dien va 3 cam bien dien ap ciing vdi cac mach tien xii ly (mach Igc va mach chuyen ddi) sii dung vi mach OP07 (hinh 8) cho phep han chS sai lech do dien ap offset gay nen.
Tbidt bi hoan thien mo ta nhu trong hinh 8. Toan bg thiet bi dugc dat trong v6 hop xach tay cap bao ve IPOl chong bui, nude thuan Igi cho viec do luong phan tich chat lugng dien nang.
Hinh 7. M?ch xQ" ly va hien thj
Hinh 8. M^ch do lu'dng Thiet bi cd mot so chiic nang co ban sau:
Phan tich chat lugng dien nang cua timg pha: tong hai, cac thanh phan hai bac 3 bac 5 va song co ban, he so cdng suat, tan so ludi.
• Phan tich su lech pha bren tai, tinh toan dong trung tinh;
So 13 thang 11-2017
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE NANG LL/pNG - TRl/CfNG DAI HpC DIEN ( I S S N : 1 B 5 9
DIEN Ll/C I 4 5 5 7 ) I
• Su dung cong nghe vi xu ly, xir ly tin hieu so d% phan tich.
Thiet bi dang xach tay phii hgp cho viec kiem tra luu dong. Kich thudc san pham 27x24,6x12,4 cm, trgng lugng 0,5 kg, tien Igi, CO dong trong viec van chuyen cd kha nang chong nude, chiu bui, chiu dugc cudng do cao trong mdi truong cong nghiep.
Thiet bi phan tich chat lu'tfng dien
nang di dong
Hinh 9. Thiet bj phan tich chat lu-wng difn nang di dong
4.2. Ket qua thii' nghiem
Di8u kien moi truong: Thir nghiem trong moi truong bao dam cac yeu cku ve quy pham an toan dien dugc ban hanh va moi truong tieu chuan quy dinh cho moi thiet bi va phep thii nghiem.
Bdi canh thuc hien: Thii nghiem cimg mot ddi tugng do, tiln hanh ciing thai diem vdi thi^t bi do chuyen dung Fluke 437-11 [8]. Ti^n hanh do 3 thai diem khac nhau, mdi ikn each nhau 90 phut vdi tai dien tra 15 kW.
KII^^^^H
Hinh 10. Giao di|n hien thj cong suit va tSn s6 tren man hinh GLCD Gia tri dugc ghi trong bang 2 la gia tri trung binh ciia cac ket qua 3 Ian do. Hinh 10 va hinh 11 la ket qua do tren 1 pha eho cac tham sd cong suat, tan so va gia tri dien ap, ciing cac thanh phan hai bac 3 va bac 5 tren tai.
Hinh 11. Giao dl^n hien thj dien i p va cac th^nh phlln hai dif n ap
Bang 2. Ket qua thir nghiem
Thong s6
Dien dp pha, V Song dien ap co ban,V
Song dien ap bac 3, V Ket qua tren san phSm 222,677 222,373 5,050
Tren thiSt bi
Fluke 437-11 [8]
224,73 224,00 7,804
So 13 thang 1 1 - 2 0 1 7
I
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE NANG LL/ONG ( I S S N : 1 B 5 g - 4 5 5 7 )Thong so
Song dien ap bac 5, V Tong do meo dien ap Dong pha, A Song dong dien ca ban, A Song dong dien bac 3, A
Song dong difn bac 5, A
Tong do meo dong dien Tan so (f), Hz He so c6ng suat (costp) Cong suat 1 pha (P), W
Ket qua tren san pham 5,870 0,035 1,994 1,992 0,041 0,024 0,024 49,882 0,989 450,826
Tren thiet bi
Fluke 437-n [8]
6,905 0,047 2,015 1,998 0,072 0,038 0,041 49,861
0,987 452,800
5. K^T LUAN VA HUONG PHAT TRiiN 5.1. Ket luan
Ket qua do thii nghiem cho thay:
• Thiet hi do chiing toi che tao bude dau da thuc hien dugc ca ban cac phep do va phan tich nhiing thong s6 theo yeu cku thiet ke. Sai so giira cac Ian do ludn on dinh sau 3 Ian do (sai sd ve dong dien va dien ap duoi 1,5% va sai s6 cong suSt luondudi 3,5%).
- TRL/PNG DAI HQC DIEN L^/C
• Sai so ve dien ap bac 3, bac 5 ciia san phim so vai thiet bi do chuyen dung con cao, dihu nay xudt phat tir cac nguy6n nhan: sai so ciia cam bien, \kn so trich mlu xii ly ehua du Idn, qua trinh hieu chinh thiet bi ehua chinh xac.
• Trong cac phep do thi phep do tan so va he sd cong suat co do chinh xac cao nhkt Vi cong doan do tan so va he so cong suat thuc chkt la viec dem gia tri thanh ghi cua Timer trong khoang thoi gian giira cac su kien ngat. Vdi tan so xung cap cho Timer cd gia tri 84 MHz thi dp chinh xac eiia phep do tan so va h8 so cdng suat cao.
5.2. Hu'dng phat trien
• Can sir dung MCU cd toe do cao vi du STM32F7 hoac cdng nghe xii ly tin hieu s6 DSP (Digital signal processor) dk tang tin s6 iky mlu xu ly.
• Nghien ciiu sii dung cac cam bi6n c6 do chinh xac cao de giam sai sd. Md rgng thang do song hai d6n bac 50 va nang cap thiet bi de cd the do phu tai 3 pha cong suit den 150 kW.
• Tich hgp man hinh TFF hiln thi dft lieu dudi dang bang bieu, d6 thi mpt cdch true quan thuan Igi cho viec quan sat va danh gia.
• Tich hgp may in mini tren thiet hi.
• Tich hgp chiic nang ket noi mang intemet theo cong nghS GPRS de tang cudng viec ket noi giam sat tir xa.
So 13 thang 11-2017
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G N G H $ NANG LUONG - TRl/PNG DAI HOC DIEN LL/C I ( I S S N : 1 B 5 3 - 4 5 5 V ) I
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Tru'dng Viet Anh (2005); Che tao thiet bj nang cao chat lu'dng dien nang; De tai khoa hoc cap cds&, Dai hpc Su' pham ky thuat TP. HCM.
[2] Nguyen Quoc Trung; X^ ly tin hieu va loc so (2006); Tap 1, 2, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat.
[3] Trjnh Trpng Chu'dng, Quach Ddc CUdng (2017); Nghien cuii thiet ke tiiiet bi phan tich chat lu'dng dien ning; Tap chi Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Tru'dng Dai hoc Cong nghiep Ha Noi, Sd 38, 02-2017, trang 130-135.
[4] Jeremy Twaits/ Power Quality Monitoring and Analysis; National Instruments U% and Ireland;
2011.
[5] Roger Dugan, Surya Santoso, Mark McGranaghan, H. Beaty (2002); Electrical Power Systems Quality, McGraw-Hill Professional.
[6] STMicroeelctronics; Reference manual STM32R05xx, STM32F407xx, STM32F415xx and STM32F417XX advanced ARM-based 32-bit MCUs; www.st.com, 2011.
[7] STMicroeelctronics; User manual Description of STM32F4xx HAL; www.st.com, 2015.
[8] Fluke Corporation; Fluke 430 Series II Three-Phase Energy and Power Quality Analyzers;
Technical Data, 2013.
Gidi thieu tac gia:
Tac gia Quach Oiic Cu'dng tot nghiep Tru'dng Bach khoa Ha Noi nam 2002, tot nghiep Thac sT tai Tru'dng Oai hoc Giao thong van tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh nam 2008 va tot nghiep Tien sT tai Dai hpc Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Hoa Trung (Vu Han, Ho Bac, Trung Quoc) nam 2013. Hien dang la Tru'dng Bo mon Tii dpng hoa, Khoa Dien, Tru'dng Dai hpc Cong nghiep Ha Npl.
LTnh vu'c nghien ciiu: ky thuat t^eu khien, thiet ke he thong nhung, dien t i i cong suat va truyen dpng dien, he thong nang lu'dng tat tao, he thong thu thap va xu" ly dii lieu, mang cam bien khong day.
Tac gia Trjnh Trpng Chu'dng hien dang cong tac tai Vien Cong nghe HaUI, TrUdng Oai hoc Cong nghiep Ha Noi. Tot nghiep Tn/dng Oai hpc Bach khoa Ha Npl nam 1999, chuyen nganh he thong dien. Tot nghiep Thac sT Ky thuat dien nam 2003 va Tien sT Ky thuat Dien nam 2012 chuyen nganh he thong dien.
LTnh vgc nghien cuU chinh hien nay: tai cau hinh lu'di dien phan phoi, on dinh (Jen ap trong he thong dien, sii dung nang lu'dng tiet kiem va hieu qua.
49
I TAP CHI KHOA HOC vA C 6 N G NGHE NANG Ll/ONG - TRl/C^NG DAI HOC D I I N LL/C I d S S N : 1 B 5 S - 4 5 S 7 )
f
Tac gia Nguyen Nhat Tiing, tot nghiep Tru'dng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Npl nam 2005, tdt nghiep Thac sT (2006) va Tien sT (2009) chuyen nganh k^thuat dien tai Oai hpc Bach khoa Grenoble, cong hoa Phap. Hien dang lam viec va nghien ciiu tai Tru'dng Dai hpc Dien Lgc Ha Noi, la Tn/dng Bp mon Nha may dien va Tram bien ap - Khoa Ky thuat dien.
LTnh vgc nghien cdu hien nay: nha may dien va du'dng day truyen tai, thiet bi han che dong ngan mach, thiet bi dien, nang lu'dng ben vUng va tiet kiem nSng lu'dng.
Tac gia Ha Van Chien hien dang cong tac tai Bo mon He thong ^ e n , Khoa Dien, TrUdng Oai hpc Cong nghiep Ha Noi. Tot nghiep Tru'dng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Npi nam 2007, chuyen nganh he thdng dien.
Hu'dng nghien ciiu hien nay; chat lu'dng dien nang, vat li§u ky thuat dien.
So 13 thang 11-2017
