Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 3/2014
THONG BAO KHOA HOC
NGHIEN ClTU DAC DIEM SINH TRlTOfNG CA THIEU (Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837)
STUDY ON GRO WTH PARAMETERS OF GAINT SEA CA TFISH (Arius thalassinu Ruppell, 1837)
Trdn Van Phir&c', Nguyen Binh Mad' Ngiy nhiin bsli, 06/01/2014, Ngay phan bi^n thflng qua; 20/5/2014; Ng^y duyet d3ng. 13/8/2014 T O M T A T
Cd thieu Id loai co gid tr} kinh te vd co Item nang tra thdnh doi tugng nuoi m&i.Cd thieu dugc nghien cuu dgc diim sinh Iruang lai Kien Giang tir thdng 8/2010 den thdng 7/2011. 360 mdu cd dugc thu hdng thdng tu ngu ddn va cdc chg dja phuang. Ket qud nghien cuu, cd thieu khai thac co kich thu&c lan (L^ dao dong: 448 - 1.119 mm, trung binb:
778,02 ± 133,88 mm; W, dao dgng: 890 - 15.495 g. trung binh. 5.145,98 ± 2.640.80 g) Thai gian khai thdc cd thieu CO kich thuac lan tir thdng 5 den thang 7 Phuang trinh tucmg quan giiia khoi lirgng vd chiiu ddi loan thdn cd ihieu:
W^ = 0.0000087711""'^". R' = 0.96682027. Phuang trinh sinh truang cua cd thiiu- L, = 117.6 (1 - e""'). Chis6 tang trudng 0' = 3,857. Tuoi IhQ (t^^ cua cd thieu 5.16 ndm tuoi.
Tir khoa: cd Ihieu. kich thu&c, sinh tmang, thong so. tuang quan A B S T R A C T
Gaml sea catfish was a commercial valuable species and potential candidates for aquaculture. The this study was carried out on Kien Giang province from August. 20JO to July. 2011. 360 specimens were collected from fisherman and local market one time per month. The results showed that total length of the giant sea catfish exploited was between 448 and 1119 mm (mean ± SD. 778.02 ± 133.88 mm). Body weight of the giant sea catfish exploited was between 890 and 15495 g.
with average weight of 5145 98 ± 2640.80 g Fishing season for giant sea catfish with high productivity was between May and July. The relationship between total length and body mass was estimated as equation: W = 0.00000877Lf'""'"
(R'= 0.96682027). Von Bertalanffy growth rate equation was determined as L^ = 117.6 (1 -e-""'). Growth performance index (0) was 3.857. The longevity of giant sea catfish was 5.16 years.
Keywords, gaintsea catfish, size, growth, performance index, relationship
I. DAT VAN D £
Trong nhij-ng nam gan dSy, ngh^ nu6i tr6ng thiiy san a nuac ta da va dang g|p mOt s6 kho khan nhu' moi tru'O'ng 6 nhi§m, djch b^nh lay lan ngSy c^ng nghifem trpng va thi taring tifiu thg khdng on djnh, V^n de dgt ra la e^n nghi§n ei>u ph^t then da dgng h6a cdc d6l tu'ong nu6i va hinh thtrc nuoi. 0 ^ thyc hifin du'p'c vlln d^ ndy. nghien cu-u d$c di4m sinh hpc, sSn xult gl6ng nh3n tao vd nudi thu'Ong phlim e^e lodi cd biSn c6 gid tri kinh t^ Id het sCrc c i n thiet va elp bdch hifin nay. Cd thi^u {Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837) Id cd da trcm vd c6 gid tri kinh t6 cao phdn b6 nhi^u 6 vung bten tinh Kifin
Giang. Vi vdy, nghien cu-u dac diem sinh tnidng c^
thi^u Id rit can thiet. K^t qua nghifin cCru gdp phSn thyc hien myc tifiu phdt tnen nghe nuoi cd biln vA tifiu thM nOi dia. gop phin quan trpng vdo sy tang tru'dng kinh t l chung cua dat nu-dc vd xoa ddi gidm nghfio. gdp phan phye hfii vd tdi tao nguon Ig-i hai san vung bien.
II. VAT LIEU VA PHU'O'NIG P H A P NGHIEN CLTU 1. Doi tu'p'ng, dja di^m, thd-i gian va npi dung nghjgn ciru
Doi lup'ng nghien ei>u: Cd thieu (Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837).
' ThS. Trin Van Phu'&c,' PGS. TS. Nguyen Dinh Mao- Vi#n Nu6i trong thuy sdn - Tnrdng Ogi hpc Nha Trang
66 • TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thdy sdn So 3/2014
- Dja diem nghiSn ciru: Thu mau ed thieu tgi cang cd Tac Cgu - huyfin Chdu Thdnh; chp- Rgch Sol - thdnh ph6 Rgeh Gid, ttnh Kien Giang. Phdn tieh mau cd tgi Phdn hifiu Kien Giang vd Phong Tht nghifim Mdi tipdng thupc Trudng Dai here Nha Trang.
- Thdi gian nghifin ci>u; tO thdng 08/2010 den thang 07/2011.
- NOI dung nghien ci>u: Nghien curu cdc cht tifiu sinh trydng cua cd thieu.
2. Thu thgp so li#u
- So lieu thi> d p : thu thap tir cac tdi lifiu. bdi bao da cdng bo trong vd ngodi nu'dc. Cdc thdng tin can thu thfip lifin quan den dgc dilm sinh trydng cd thteu.
- So lieu scr cap: Trye tiep thu va phdn tich m i u ed thilu v l sinh tnfdng S6 lygng m i u nghien ciru:
360 ed the (30 cd thl/thdng). Chieu dai todn than cd thilu. L,>448mm.
Cac chl tifiu c i n thu:
- Kich thu'dc ca thilu khai thae: Chieu dat toan than (L,) (mm): tir miit mdm den tan cCing ciia vay dudi, Chieu dai than chuan (L^) (mm): tir mut mdm den het phin Ciuong dudi ca. Chieu dai than ca (L,) (mm): tir milt mdm din phan che dudi ed. Khdi Imyng toan ftan (Wj) (g). Khoi lu'png cd khdng not quan (W^) (g),
- Xdc dinh m i l tyang quan giOa chilu dai vd khoi tu-png ea (Ricker, 1973):
W = a.L"
Trong do: W: khoi lupng cd (g); L: ehilu dai cd (mm); a.b: hfi s6 tuong quan,
- Xac djnh cac thdng so eua phuong trinh sinh trydng Von BertalanfFy (1954):
Bang 1. Chilu dai va kh6i
L, = L.(1-e-'<"-'<") Trong do: L,: chilu ddi cd (mm) d tuot t;
L.: Chieu ddi t i l da ty thuylt md cS c6 the dat dupc (mm); K, He so tdng trudng; to: tu6i 1^ thuylt khi chilu dat cd bing 0; t: tuot ca
Phuang phdp tfnh cde thdng s6 L, vd K bang cdch SU" dyng chuong trinh ELEFAN 1 (Electronic Length - Frequency Analysis) trfin phin m l m FISAT II ciia Gayanilo, Sparre vd Pauly (2005) vdi thdng s6 dau vao la t i n suit chieu ddi todn thdn cua ca.
Vd sir dyng phuong phap tinh L_ cua Taylor (1960) vd Sparre vd es (1989) theo cdng thirc thyc nghifim L, = de so sanh vdi cdch tinh trfin.
- X^c djnh cht s6 tang trudng 0': Chi so tang trydng cD" dupe ttnh todn theo edng thirc cua Pauly vd Munro (1984):
O' = Log(K) + 2Log(L.) - Tuli thp cCia cd (t^^): dupc xdc djnh theo cong thirc Hoenig's Model: ln(Z) = 1,44 - 0,984ln(t^^,) vdi sy ho trp cua phin mem FISAT II [9].
3. Phuo'ng phdp xir ly so lieu
Xu ly so lifiu tren phan m l m Excel 2003 va phan m l m FISAT II (The FAO - ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) [9].
III. K^T QUA NGHieN CLPU VA T H A O L U A N 1. Chilu dai va kh6i luomg cd t h i l u khai thac
Chieu dai va khit lypng ca thilu khai Viae tgt vimg biln Kifin Giang dupe xac djnh dya tren ket qud edn do vd phdn tieh chieu dai. khoi lupng eiia 360 m i u c^ trong qui trinh nghifin ciru, lifp'ng cd t h i l u khai thdc
STT 1 2 3 4 5
Chi bdu L,(mm) L, (mm) L^(mm) W,(g) w.(g)
Dao dpng 448,00-1.119,00
379,00 - 979,00 362,00 - 944,00 890,00-15.495,00 790,00-14 050,00
Tmng binh 778,02 ±133,88 684,18 ±117,01 653,17 ±112,18 5.145,98*2 640,80 4.880,98 ± 2.470,27
Si miu (n) 360 360 360 360 245 Chilu dai toan thdn ed thilu dao ddng 448 -
1119 mm. trung binh: 778,02 ± 133,88 mm. Kieh thirdc cd thilu bat ggp trong nghien cuu ndy Idn hon so vdi nghifin ciru cung lodi cixa Sawant va Raje (2009) d viing biln Vishakhapatanam (L,: 174 - 554 mm) va viing Veraval (L,: 132 - 710 mm). Vd kit qua nay Idn hon so vol nghien euu ed thieu d Vjnh Bae bp eua Lfi Trpng Phin vd cs (1999),
Nguyen Hu-u Phyng va cs (1994), L, = 90 cm. Chieu ddi todn thdn cd thieu Idn hon rit nhieu so vdi ea iic Arius felis (L,: 571 mm) [10] v i cd iic cham A.
maculates (L,: 495 mm) [14].
Chilu ddi todn than ca thilu trung binh dao dfing ti> 694,63 mm (thdng 10) d i n 948,87 mm (thdng 5) Ca thieu eo ehieu dai toan than trung binh ldn vdo cac thdng 5, 6 vd 7 trong nSm (hinh 1).
TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 67
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn So 3/2014
f imoDo -|
E 90000
^ BOODQ e 700 00 IS anoo g 60000 S 400 00
;ig 30000
•« 20000 ' J 100 00 ' S 0.00
• • • l l l l l l l l l l l l
• l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l
• • • • • • • • • • • •
osno oano lano 11/10 i:/ta 01/11 ozni TliMglHi
03/11 04/11 osni oe/n 07/ii
Hinh 1. Chi^u dii toin than cA ihi^u ktaal tbic theo thM ^an
B6n nhdm chilu ddi todn than cd thilu chilm uu t h l : L,= 641 - 760 mm (28,34%), L,= 801 - (20.55%), L,= 961 -1040 mm (11.39%) vd L,= 481 - 560 mm (9,72%) (hinh 2).
SIS
v^ i^ 4" fe* ^ fe* •<^ ^ * fe* fe'S' fe* ^-^ ^ * K ^ ^ < : ! ^ . # X ^
Chl4u dil toan t h ^ Lt (mm) Hinh 2. Phan bd chieu dii toin than ci thieu
Khoi lupng cd thteu dao dpng 890 -15.495 g, trung binh: 5.145,98 ± 2.640,80 g. Khoi lypng ca thilu Im nhat bit ggp tai viing biln Kifin Giang Idn han so vdi cd thilu tgi Vinh B i c bp (W, = 8,7kg/cd thl) [3].
Khoi lupng cd thilu trung binh dao dpng tir 3.399,07 g (thang 10) d i n 8.520 g (thang 5) va Idn vao cac thang 5, 6 vd 7 trong ndm {hinh 3).
Hinh 3. Khoi lirang ci thik khai thic theo IhM gian (thing)
Bin nhdm khot lupng ea thilu cd tan suat b i t gdp cao nhu W, = 800 - 4.800 g (56,40%), nhom W, = 10.401 -12.000 g (5.83%), nhdm W, = 7.201 - 8.000 g (5,28%) vd nhdm W, = 12.801 -13.600 g (2,22%) (hinh 4).
•S 4.00
•" 2.00
O.CW
• l,l,l,l.».i,i.l,i,«.n^
V#V<»^A*V
Kh6l lirang ci wt Uinh 4. Phin b6 khoi Ivgng ci thilu
68 • TRUdNG OAI HQC NHA TRANG
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 3/2014
2. T i i v n g quan giira chieu ddi todn th^n (L,) vdkh6i l u v n g cd thieu (W,)
Sinh trudng cua ca la qua trinh gia tang v l kich thudc vd tfch luy thfim khoi li/png ca ttil. Qud trinh ndy d$c trung cho moi lodi ca va the hign qua moi tuang quan giOa chilu ddi vd khii lupng cOa cd [2].
Phuang trinh tuong quan gii>a chilu ddi todn
thdn (L,) vd khoi lupng (W,) ed thilu khai thic tgt vung biln Kifin Giang cd dgng: W, = 0.00000877L,^o"'*™
vdi hfi s6 tuang quan R = 0.983270191 (hinh 5).
Nhu vfiy. cd the k i t tufin ca thteu thufic logi d$ng vfit dong tang trydng (b > 3). D i l u ndy chirng td ring, ed thilu trudng thdnh cd ehilu ddt va khll lupng tdng ding thdi vdi nhau.
IBOOO-,
^ 16000
" 10000 J 6000
^ 4000
^ 2000 0
y = 000000877x'''"""'' R^ = 0 966B2027
D 200 400 600 800 ChiAu dil toin thin ci Lt (mm)
- ^
{ • 1 ^ ^
•^
1000
^
1200 Hinh 5. Ttroug qnan giini chieu dil toin thin vi khoi itrgrng ca thieu Sawant va Raje (2009) da nghien euu ti?ang
quan giOa khoi luang vd c:hilu ddi cd thilu {Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837) tgi viing ven bd Veraval va vung bien Vishakhapatanam.
Phuang trinh tuang quan oja ca thieu dye tgi Vishakhapatanam Id:
LogW = -6,76303 + 3,625556 LogL, r = 0,955902 vd cd thilu cai id:
LogW = -7,63788 + 3,965118 Log L. r = 0,98632 Tgi Veraval, ca thieu dye Id LogW = -5,12893 + 3,029225 LogL, r = 0,952813
va cd thilu cdi Id:
LogW = -5,10804 + 3.04644 LogL, r = 0,747487 3. Cdc thong so sinh tru'dng vd chi so tang trudng
K i t qua phan tich tir phucmg phdp ELEFAN 1 chK) bilt, chieu ddi todn thdn toi da md cd thilu dgt dupc Id L_ = 117,60 cm va K = 0,52/nam. Theo cdng thuc thyc nghiem L_ = ^ ^ ^ . thi L. = 117,78 cm.
Nhin chung, hai phuang phdp tinh L_ ciia cd thilu c^o k i t qud khdng co sy sai khde Idn.
Phuang trinh sinh trudng Von Bertaianffy cua ed thilu khat thac tgi viing biln Kien Giang Id.
L,= 117,6 (l-e-"-^') Phuang trinh sinh trydng cua ca thilu khde bt|t so vdi nghifin ciru cua Menon (1986) d i i vdi ed iic Tachysurus thalassinus (tfin ding danh cua cd thilu) tgi viing bten Mandapam:
1_^ = 848{1 - e-°'9^'^«"^') Vd k i t qud nghien ciru ndy khde bi^t Idn so vdi cd iic Netuma barba:
L, = 638(1 -e^"'^""^-'*") [15]
K i t qua nghien euu L, vd K dot vdi ca thilu khai thdc tgi vimg biln Kien Giang Idn han so vdi hai nghifin ciru ciing ioai tren t h l gidi. Bawazeer (1987) nghifin cuu d vung Kuwait: L, = 106.40 cm vd K = 0,06. Dmitrenkho (1975) nghifin cuu d viing biln An Dp: L, = 92.23 cm vd K = 0.10. L_ cd Uiilu trong nghien ciru ndy Idn han so vdi nghien eiru eua tVIenon (1986) doi vdt ed uc Tachysurus thalassinus (tfin ding danh ca thteu) tat vung biln Mandapam, L, = 848 mm.
Cht so tdng tnfdng chilu ddi ed thtlu khai thdc d vting bien Kifin Giang Id 0' = 3,857. K i t qud nghifin ciru ndy cao hon so vdi hai nghifin ciru ciing lodidviingKuwaitcuaBawazeer(1987)(0'=2,86O)vd nghifin cirudAnOd cua Dmitrenko(1975){0'=2.925).
Nhin chung. cde thdng so smh trudng (L_ vd K) vd cht sd tang tnidng (0') cua cd thilu khai thdc tgt viing biln Kifin Giang Idn hon so vdi cdc nghifin ciru khde trong vd ngoai nudc [3], [4], [5], [7] vd Idn han so vdi mpt so lodi khde b'ong gidng cd iic (Ajius) dupc nghifin dru trfin t h l gioi t\t\uA.heudelabi, A.latiscutatus. A.parkii va A.spixii [6], [8]. Tuoi thp (t,^) cua cd thilu dupc xdc djnh la 5,16 nam.
IV. K £ T LUAN VA KI^N NGHj 1 . K l t l u | n
Chilu dai toan than ed ^ i l u (L,) dao ddng' 448 - 1119 mm, tnjng binh: 778.02 ± 133,88 mm;
Khii lupng todn than ed thilu (W,) dao ddng: 890 - 15495, tmng binh: 5145,98 ± 2640,80 g. Mua khai thdc t^d thilu cd kich thudc Idn Id tir thdng 5
TRUONG OAf HOC NHA TRANG • 69
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 3/2014
d i n thdng 7 hdng ndm. Phuang trinh tuang quan giOa khll lupng vd chtlu ddi todn than cd thieu Id W, = 0,00000877L,^''"i''^, R^ = 0,96682027. Cdc thdng s6 sinh tnj'dng: L,= 117,60 mm vd K = 0,52. Phuang trinh sinh tnfdng cOa cd thilu Id L, = 117,6 (1 - e"™). Cht s l tang tnjdng, 0' = 3,857. Tuot thp ( t ^ ) cQa cd thieu Id 5,16 n i m t u l i .2. Kiln nghj
Tilp tyc nghifin ciru dgc diem sinh trudng ciia cd thilu eo L, < 448 mm vd nghien ctf u ddc dilm dinh dudng vd smh sdn cua cd thteu.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO Ueng Wpr
I B$ Thuy san, 1996. Ngu6nl(?i thuy sdn Vi?t Nam Trudrng ban Ban bien tap: Nguyen Tan Trinh. >rXB Nong nghi?p. Ha NOL 2. Nikolxki, G. V. 1963. Sinh thai hpc (ban dich ciia Mai Dinh Yen). NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat. Ha NOi.
3. Le Trgng Phan, Tran Don vk Ho SI Binh, 1999 Co so smh hgc ca bi^n nhi?t d6i Viet Nam. Vi$n Hai Duong hpc Nha Trang.
NXB N6ng nghi?p TP.HCM.
NguySn Hihi Phyng vi Nguyin Nhat Thl, 1994 Danh muc ci biSn Vi?t Nam. Tgp 11, L6pca Xuong (OiteicftfAyer)-Tir bfl ci Chao bi^n (Elopiformes) d6n bg ca D6i (Mugilformes). NXB Khoa hgc vi Ky thu|t. Ha Ngi.
TiingAnh
5. Bawazeer AS., 1987. The fishery management of the stock of chun, the giant sea catfish j4riuj(Aa/a!5init5 in Kuwait w^eis.
Kuwait Bull. Mar. Sci, 9: 87-100.
Conand F, Camaia SB and Domain R, 1995. Age and growth of three species of Anidae {Siluriformes) in coastal waters of Guinea. BulL Mar. Sc, 56 (1): 58-67,
Dmitrenko EM., 1975, Size-age composition of the giant catfish, Arius thalassinus, in the vicinity of Kathiawas Penmsula (India). J. Ichfliyol., 15:622-629.
Etchevers SL., 1978, Contribution to the biology of the sea catfiish, Arius spixii (Pisces, Anidae), south of Margarita Island, Venezuela. Bull. Mar. Sci., 28 (2): 381-385.
9. Gayanilo FC, Jr. P. Sparre and D. Pauly., 2005. The FAO - ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (RSAT H). FAO, Rome 10. Jones PW, Martin FD, Hardy JDr„ 1978. Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of egg, larval and
juvenile stages. Volume I Acipensendae through ictaluridae. U. S. Dep, Interior, Fish Wildl. Serv, Biol Serv. Prog FWS/OBS -78/12, 366.
II Menon, N, G., 1986. Age and growth of the manne Tachysurus thalassinus (Ruppell) fium Mandapam waters. Indian J.Fish.,33(4):413-425.
12. Nelson JS., 2006. Fishes of the World, John Wiley & Sons, Inc ISBN 0471250317.
13. Pauly, D. and Munro, J L., 1984. Once more on the comparison of growth in fish and invertebrates. Fishbyte, 2(1), 21 14. Pen-et WS, Barrett RB, Latapie WR. Pollard JF, Mock WR. Adkins GB, Gaidry WJ, White CJ., 1971. Cooperative Gulf of
Mexico estuanne inventory and study, Louisiana. Phase I. Area description by Perret WS Phase II. Biology- 31-69 La. Wildl Fish Comm, 171.
15 Reis EG., 1986. Age and growth of the marine catfish, Netuma barba (Siluriformes. Anidae), in the estuary of the Pato lagooH (Brasil), Fisheries Bulletin Vol 84, No 3: 679 - 686.
Ricker, W. E., 1973. Lmear regression in fishery research J. Fish. Res. Board Can, 30' 409-434
Sawant, P.B. and S.G. Raje, 2009 Morphometry and length weight of the Catfish {Arius caelaius Valenciennes, 1840 and Anus thalassinus Ruppell, 1837) off Mumbai, Veraval and Vishakhapatanam coasts. Asian Fisheries Science 22: 215-228.
Sparre, P., E Ursin, and S C. Venema, 1989. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1: manual. Rome, FAO Fish Tech. Paper N" 306.1,337.
Taylor, CO.. I960. Temperature, growth and mortality - The Pacific cockle. J. Cons. perm. Int Explor Mer., 26 (1); 117-124, VonBertalanffy L., 1954, Theoretishe biologic. Vol 2. A. G. Francele. Berne, Switzerland.
70 • TRL;6NG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
