^ Tgp chi Khoa hoc-Cong nghe Thiy sdn
THONG BAO KHOA HQC
] SIX PHAT T R r t N NOAN SAO TRONG MUA SINH SAN CUA CA CHEM MOM NHON - Psammoperca waigiensis (Cuvier, 1828)
I DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF OVARIES DURING SPAIVNING SEASON OF IVAIGIEUSEAPERCH-Psammoperca waigiensis (Cuvier 1828) I Le Hoang Thi Mf Dung', Phf m Quic HOng'
N g i y u M n b i . : I9fl/20I5, Ngiy pba. bmUiSng , » , : IS/MOIS; Ngay duyeUIng 15,TO10IS TOM TAT
tren Z 'cZ^u^ff^J"" ""'" '°° " " ' " " * ' ' ' " " " « ^'•" ^ ™ * " " » "•"" "'"" " ' ' O " ' ' - - '-i' * " " *
^ I" thang 3 den 10 trong dieu ki?n nuoi nhot.
>' Tukhoa: mua stnh san. noan sao. noan bao. ca chem mom nhon. Psammoperca ^aigtensts ABSTRACT
Studies on the development of oocytes and ovaries and Ihe seasonal change of gonadal histology yvare eolected fired,n Bourn solunon. and then analysed by his.ological method for ,nvest,ga„on of ovar.an djvdedmo 6 phases. Based on the dynamics of oocytes, the development ofovarv vas defined 6 stages The d.,nbu„on of vanan, oory.es tn d,fferen, ovarian ..ages shov tha, Wa.gieu seaperchhave a " Z ^ l
^''"'-''^'•^'''fplespa.nerOvarie.a,vi,ellogen,c.ma,uredspa.nings,age...erefo.J^^^^^^^
,0 Oetoter sugges, this nme is Waigieu seaperch S reproducive season in eapiured condUion Keywords: Spawning season, ovary, oocyte. Waigieu seaperch. Psammoperca waigiensis
' k • ^.t 1 1 '^°3n sao thupc kieu khong ddnq bo bao Qom D^a vao s^, bian d6i t6 ch,>c hoc tuySn noan bao 4 nhi4u giai doan p h a U n I n k h i ki4u bao gom k i l u d6ng bo (synchronous), gap * cac loai ca nhi^t d i l (2 S n g h ^ n k,aud6ngb,thaonhom(oroup-synohronous) c*u sinh hpc sinh san iSn hoat dpng sa'n val<,4ukh6ngdongbp(asynchronous)[8,11l. x u i , giing nhan tao ca xt,<,ng d4 d6i hoi s "
TbS. L8 Hoing TW M? Oun,. • TS. Ph,m Qufc HO™,. V,,n Nu., trSng thuvsin - T n ^ i g B „ boc Nba Trang
TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG . 27
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn
hieu biet ve qua trinh phat trien cua tuyen sinh due tr6n tCrng ca th4 [12], dac biet la ca the c^i do sy phi>c tap trong to chipc hoc cung nhu- kho khan trong vi§c kich thich sinh san [ 1 , 10]. Co r i t nhieu tSc gia du-a ra cac bgc thang phat trien noan s^o cho cac ioai ca CO tap tinh sinh san khdc nhau phi^ thupc vao kieu noan sSo ciJa chung [5,12]. Nhin chung, cac bgc thang deu du-p-c xay dyng d^'a tren sy thay doi ve hinh thai ben ngoai va dgc biet la to chirc ben trong lien quan ddn sy xuat hien va phat triln cua noan bao. Sy phat trien noan sao trai qua cac giai doan bao gom giai dogn chu'a thanh thyc, phdt trien, thdnh thgc, tham gia sinh san, va sau khi tham gia sinh sdn [6, 7], Hieu biet ve nhOng thay d6l trong sy phdt trien cCia noan bdo, sy thay d6i trong ib chuc hpc cua noan sdo co y nghTa quan trpng trong dy bdo trgng thdi thdnh thyc cua cd cdi, phyc vy cho hogt dOng qudn ly ddn cd bo m§. Cd chem mom nhpn {Psammoperca waigiensis), giong nhu- m6t so lodi cd biln khdc dang du-yc nuoi p h i bien &rnidc ta nhu' cd mu {Epinephelus spp), cd gio {Rachycentron canadum). ca hong {Lutjanus erythropterus), cd du my {Scyaenops ocellatus) vd cd chem {Lates calcarifer). Id iodi ca biln nhi$t dai, de nhieu lan trong ndm, d nu'6'c ta, cac nghien c^u ve t l chiPc hpc noan sdo cd xu-ang a cac giai dogn phat triln khdc nhau chu-a co sy thong nhat trong vi^c siF dyng bSc thang phat triln vd chu-a duyc chu trpng dung mi>c. Nghien ci>u nay nham m6 ta sy thay d l i v l mat to chLFc hpc cua noan sdo trong chu ky sinh sdn, ddc dilm phdt triln cua noan bdo vd noan sdo cua cd chem mom nhpn. Cdc k i t qua ndy se bo sung vd lam phong phu d& li^u v l t l chi>c
28 . TRL/ONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
hpc t u y i n sinh dyc tr§n cSc loSf cA nW CO noan sao k i l u khdng d6ng bO- M$t'H k i t qud nghien CLPU cung g6p phlin vi nang cao hipu qud quan 1;^ ddn ca i kich thich sinh san ca chem mom n h p n i d i l u kipn nhan tao thong qua vi$c nam ij luat phat t r i l n tuyen sinh due cua lodi G IL VAT LIEU VA PHiroWG P H A P N G H I ^ % 1. Dan ca thi nghiam
Dan ca bo m^ tuoi 3*, c6 chilu ddi Pn than dao dpng 20-34 cm va khdi luQng 70-580 g/con, du-p-c nu6i trong giai, dgttfong:*
dat, tgi khu vyc Dong B6, Nha Trang Hi ft^
1 - 12 nam 2008. Nhi^t 66 nu-d-c trong a o ^ . dao dflng 28-32 °C; 66 mgn: 2 6 - 3 4 V , | | 7,8-8,6 vd oxy hoa tan (DO): 3,5-4,6 n # ; J dp nuoi trung binh 3 kg/m^ (20 con/m') viSjf lp dyc cdi u-ac tinh 1:1.Cabompdypfccj
"ca tgp" (ca nyc hogc ca cffm) hdng ngSy khiu phan bang 3-5% khoi lu-png thdn. H ^ thang, khoang 10 ca cdi du-yc bat nglu ntiiii a l thu m i u noan sao vd mau duvc d S/ti trong dung djch Bouin dung cho phdn t f d i i ch6'c hpc.
2. Phu-o-ng phdp phan tich mau ? Tl^u bdn to chCrc hpc cua noan sdo^.
Chem mom nhpn du-yc lam theo qui trinh'J phong thf nghiem Bpnh hpc thiSy sdn, khoa Nuoi trong Thiiy Sdn, tru-d^ng DH Nha Tram du-yc trinh bay trong Phgm Quoc HiJng v l ^ Hoang Thj My Dung [1]. Tigu bdn t l chtK.
cCia noan sdo diryc quan sdt trgn kinh Hi Zeiss Axioskop 2-PIus light (Zeiss Inc, ViM __
Austria) vd chyp hinh bang mdy Nllfe Camera Head DS-5M va Nikon Camera ContM Unit DS-L1. Trong nghien ci>u ndy, chunflj SCP dyng bdc thang phdt triln tuyin sinh dm
%
'•Tap chi Khoa hoc- Cong nghi Thtiy sdn
HHj"^ """"B Niliolskii (91 va Sakun va Bulskaya[4] de xac i l n h sif phat Men noan sao ca chem mom nhpn.
* , III. KfiT QUA NGHlfiN CIJU VA T H A O LUAN ' 1. S y thay adi to cliipc hoc noan sao trong '** chu k f sinh san
(f(l Noan sao ca Chem mom nhpn co su' bien doi phiic tap ve m i t t6 chiJc hpc qua cac thang trong nam. Trong nghlSn ciJu niy, chung 161 thu thip du'O'c noan sao a giai doan II (giai doan
" ' phit triin) v i o thing 1 v i thing 2. Noan s i p
* 4 giai doan tich luy noan hoang b i t dau xuit ''• hipn vao thing 3. Noan sap a giai doan lil, IV,
" * V, VI- giai daan phat trien, thinh thuc, sinh s i n
"» du'p'c tim t h i y trong c i c thing 4 - 9 chiing 16 W d i y l i miia vu sinh san chinh cua c i Chem Hmom nhpn trong dieu l<l#n nuoi nh6t. Mpt sp I i mau noan s i o giai doan VI van dippc tim thay
\lt. v i o thing 10 chiing 16 hoat dpng de triing v l n Sldlin ra trong thM gian niy. Sau khi mua smh Bisin k i t thuc, noin s i o quay lal glai doan II II v i o thing 11 v i 12, c i trii qua giai doan nghi ifdong, tioh luy dlnh du^png chuin bi cho miia
sinh san n i m sau. Trong dieu kipn tv nhiin tai Khinh Hoa (12-52'35" B i c - 11»4r53"Nam),
^ c i Chem mom nhpn de rai rac tir thing 3 den thing 8 [3]. Dieu n i y c6 t h l dupc ly giai boi .trong dieu kipn nu6i nhot, nhipt dp cao htm '^ngoii ti,r nhien, thiic i n dijpc cung c i p day du,
y i u t6 dvc c i i d i m bao nen thm gian d i keo
^ d i l hpn so voi ngoai tp. nhiin. Tuy nhien, can theo doi them vol chu ky nhieu nam d l co ket
"lugn chinh x i c .
^2. S y phat t r i l n cua noan b i o Cio giai doan phit triln ciJa buing triing ,ci xuong duoc phan chia dya trin d j c dilm
|hinh t h i i b i n ngoii v i dac biet l i t l chtre hpc
ben trong buong tning. To chirc hpc buong tning g6m nhilu thanh phan cau tao khic nhau vol noan b i o la thanh p h i n chii y i u va chilm ty lp cao nhit. Sy phit triln cua noan b i o la mpt can cir quan trong d l xac djnh sy phat triln oiia budng tning (noan sao) Do do, chiing toi d l cpp d i n q u i trinh phit triln ciia noin b i p trong buong tning c i Chem mom nhpn dya theo b i c thang cua Sakun va Butskaya [4] tnro'c khi trinh b i y sy phal tnen ciia buong tning.
Pha 1: Pha nhan - chk nhiin, sic (Chnjmatnoudeus) Noan bao 6 pha n h i n - chit nhiim s i c CO tlnh ya kilm manh vol nhan va nguyen sinh c h i t deu b i t m i u tim cua Hematocine.
Nhin to, n i m glOa t l bao, mang nhan b i t mau d i m hon (Hinh 1A). Xung quanh t l bao dyoc bao bpi mpt m i n g mong. Day la c i c noan nguyen b i o dvpe tao ra tir cac te b i o sinh dgc nguyin thiiy qua c i c l i n nguyen phan tao nen nguon d y trip de bo sung nguon t l bao sinh dpc sau khi ca de. N o i n nguyen b i o t r i i qua nhiing bien d l i d i e trung t i n g len ve kich thuoc v i phit triln thinh n o i n b i o . Kich thuoc n o i n b i o dao dpng tir 12,5 - 55 pm.
Pha 2: Pha tiin ngoai vinhin (Pre - pennucleus) Noan b i o a pha ngoai vi nhin hinh goe canh, t l bao chat ua kiem bat m i u thuic nhupm Hematpxyline bao quanh nhin, nhin bat m i u nhpt hon v i n i m giua t l bip. Trong nhin xuit hien c i c hach nhan bat m i u dam, s i p x l p khong theo trit tu. Su smh truong ciia t l b i o chit l i m gia tang kich thuoc noan bio.
Thoi ky nay duoc gpi la thiri ky sinh truong nguyen sinh chit hay sinh tnrdng l i n thir nhit (the first growth) (Hinh 1B) voi kich thuoc noan bao tir 22,5 - 90 pm
TRl/ONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG . 29
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thin' sdn
Hinb 1. Cdc pha phil trien ciia
A. Pha „M„ - chai nhcm sic. B. Pha nin ,gc„ „ iMn ra mfl si h,ch „han If) xuil *if, xung qmnh mmg Ml t . nanso,, VI nhan vm so lutmg harh nhiin (*) sua, hp, xung quanh mang nhan lang len: D, Pha khong bia hiawltic IW khimg b.o H yu hpiJ i>, .cud, hiin m „ j H bia chir E. Pha ihi noan hoing ihi nhi, vti cac hai noin kmglM M iWrr nhoxual »„„ ,ung quanh ming li bio. F. Pha il.i noin hoang ihu hai va, '/, ,*/ lich ,i bio chi, Imtil^
thl, r n ! •;» .T: T *"* ""• '•"°"«"*™"™ »•" <">• i^- w^s/oao-fe tPcj bs, A IMO.
I'll", irung Jhuaciy If Ih,im Ihinh A-O viio um (Hinh D-K, Pha 3- Pha ngoai vi nhan (Perinucieus)
Noan b i n pha ngpgi vi nhin co hinh tron hoic hlnh goe cgnh, xuit hipn nang thing bao xung quanh t l bio. T l bao chat tilp tue gia tang l i m cho noin bio phat trien nhanh ve kich thuoc. Niu p pha 2 (pha tien ngoai vi nhin), cic hpch nhan bit diu xuit hipn va s i p xep khong theo trit tu thl o pha 3, c i c hach nhin ting v l s l lypng, di chuyen ra v i phan bo phia ngoai vi nhan (quanh mang nhin) (hinh 10) Kich thuoc hach nhin tir 5 - 7,5 pm(n=5).
30 . TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
Cuoi pha nay, noan bao k i t thuc q u i trinh sMl truong nguyen sinh chit va dat kich t h u W l han trong thoi ky sinh trudng thip nhit Dam kinh noin b i o do dypc tir 80 - 1 5 0 pm Pha 4: Pha khong biio hda (Corticallzatli>t0
Ben ngoai t l b i o , dp d i y ciia nang t r ^ t i n g len (nang trii'ng d i y khpjng 3,75-7,5m (n = 10)), xuit hipn mang phdng xg. N g i # sinh chit bat m i u tim khdng cdn l i khdi j f t nhit dp sy xuit hidn c i c khSng b i o n h y t * hinh trin rdng vd-i c i c kich thydc khic
• Ttfp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghi Thiiv sdn
So 4/2015 (5 - 37,5 ptri, (n = 18)). C i c khdng b i o b i t dau
x u i t hidn gan m i n g nhan v i sd luyng t i l p tpc t i n g len, khong b i o phin b l khip nguyin sinh chit. Nhin hlnh t r i n , bat mau hpng nhat, n i m giiia t l bao, mang n h i n khing con phan bipt ro nhu d pha 1, hach nhin Beu biln (hinh ID).
Npin b i o co kich thucrc 140 - 425 p m . . Pha 5. Pha thi noan hoang (Yolk granule)
Pha the noan hoang gdm c i c noin b i o d pha t h l noin hoang thy nhit (primary yolk - Hinh 1E), thii hai (secondary y o l k - H i n h IF), thii ba (tertiary yolk - Hlnh IG). O pha t h i noan hoang thir nhat, cac hat noan hoing b i t d i u xuit hi#n v i phin bd quanh ming ciia t l bao, kich thyoc c i c hpt noan hoang r i t nho.
Pha thd noan hoing thtr hai, noin hoing t i l p tpc dypc tong hpp va tich luy, chilm khoang y. t h l tich nguyin sinh chit, cac khing b i o bj ddn / I phia nhin. Pha t h l noan hoing thir ba, nguyen sinh chit duyc l i p d i y boi c i c hat noan hoang. Kich thuoc cda c i c hat noin hoing tang l i n , chung dinh lpi vol nhau thinh tirng d i m . Cull pha hat noin hoing, c i c hat noin hoing v i cac hpt lipid hoa vtii nhau, tao thinh mdt khdi ddng nhit va kich thycic noin b i o khoing 3 8 0 - 4 2 5 pm. Nang tning d i y ien
ro rpt 10 - 15 pm (n = 12) vol v i n h phing xa cua ming follicle xuit hipn ro ring..
Pha 6: Pha thanh thuc
O pha thanh thuc, q u i trinh tich luy noan hoing kdt thuc, noan b i o dat kich thuoc tdi da 400 - 480 pm. Nhan co lai va bat dau di chuyin v l cue dpng vpt l i m t l b i o phan cue (hlnh 1H). Ming nhin tieu bien, nhan chi con lal m i t khdi chit nhd bat m i u tim nhat (hinh II).
Nang tning b i t d i u tioh ra khdi noan bio, do l i cong doan chuyin tiip qua trinh tning ryng (Fc, hinh 1K). Hiin tuong nang tning mdng dan dypc g i i thuydt boi q u i trinh ting kich thuoc mpnh me cua khdi t l bao chat, trong khi do ming t l bao v i n giii nguyen dp d i y [6].
3. C i c gjai doan phat trien c u a n o a n s a o 3.1. Giai doan I (Giai doan cdn non)
Ve hinh thai: Noan s i o l i hai d i l mdng, trong sudt, co khi m i u hing nhat, m i t thuong khong phin bipt dupc td b i o sinh due. Npin s i p giai dppn n i y chi gap o nhu'ng c i t h i thanh thuc l i n d i u .
Ve td chuc hpc: Noan sao 6 giai doan n i y bao gdm c i c noan nguyen bao va nhirng noin b i o thuoc tho'i ky sinh tnrdng nguyen sinh chit (noin b i o d pha 1).
^•^ir^siagiaidoanftvoicaLanb^oZia^ZTali^Z^^^^^^^^
(2): C Nain sao giai doqn Ut vii cac noan bia nha 3 liTJST I 7, { ? '"° ''"' ''''" »«»<" " "*»»
hien(6).E.Noansao^iaidi>f,nV,,rtinJ,^„..x.u^.. ..1 .. . . '"-"^_'"'"S^9i (Wa noan bao c doan 1^1 vai, loan bao thanli thfic nhung khong i
in hoang (4).
" •^- '-J ' - ••""'! tiuw CO mans nhdn iieu o nang ,nmg (mangfollicle) ,ich ra kha, .ring (lj. F. Noin ,ao giu, rac * ra ngoai duac ,a, hip ihu (S) Thuic li- li hinh B - F li i(,pm
TRUCiNG OAI HOC NHA TRANG . 31
Ttip chi Khoa hoc - Con^ nghe Tfniy sdn
3.2. Giai doan II (Giai doan phat triin) Ve hinh thai: Noan sdo mdu trdng due voi mpt mgch mau lan co nhOng nhanh nho phan bo dpc theo hai nhdnh cua buong tn>ng. Ben ngodi noan sao thuang co nhi^u mo mo bdm xung quanh, Quan sdt noan sao co the thdy cac hgt trCrng co mdu trang dyc.
Ve to chirc hoc: Noan bao a pha 2 (pha tien ngoai vi nhan) va pha 3 (pha ngoai vi nhdn) thuoc thai ky sinh tru'ong nguyen smh ch^t chiem ty lg cao trong noan sao 6 giai doan II (hinh 2B). Nang tnJng (mang follicle) hinh thdnh vd bao xung quanh noan bao. Trong buong tning cung xuat hi#n nhSng noan bdo da k^t thuc sinh Injong nguyen sinh chat (cuoi pha 3), kich thu'6c cua chung da lan d4n mCpc CO the quan sdt bdng mdt thu-ang hodc du-ai kinh lup. Ngodi ra, bu6ng tn>ng con co noan nguygn bdo vd nhl>ng noan nguydn bao dang 6 nhi>ng pha d^u ti6n cua thai ky sinh tru'ong nguy&n stnh ch4t, chung Id ngu6n dy trii'.
3.3 Giai do^n III (Giai do&n tich luy noan hoang)
Ve hinh thai: Buong tn>ng cung nhu' cdc hgt tru-ng c6 sy tang manh v4 kich thuoc va kh6i lu-yng. Hgt tarng c6 mdu trdng dyc va dinh v6i nhau. Bu6ng tnJng cdng phong. mach mau phdt trien ddy, bao quanh buong torng Giai dogn ndy Id giai dogn kdo ddi nhit trong qud trinh phdt triin cua tuyin sinh dyc.
vi tS chu-c hoc: Noan bao df pha khong bdo h6a, chuin b| bu-oc vdo thai ky tich luy chat noan hoang xuit hign trong noan sdo.
Qua trinh tich lljy noan hodng du'yc ddnh dau bif\ sy xuit hign ciia cdc hgt noan hodng trong nguyen smh chit cua noan bao, Noan sao o giai dogn ndy chira nhieu noan bdo a cdc pha khac nhau tif pha tien ngoai vi nhan den pha t h i noan hodng thi> 3 (hodn tat qua trinh tich luy noan hodng) (hinh 2C),
3.4. G^ai do^n IV (Giai do$n thanh th^jc) Ve hinh thai Noan sao dgt kich thuac toi da. mau vdng dgm. Sy lidn kit giiJa cdc noan bdo trong bu6ng trirng tra nen long leo, Giai dogn IVxdy ra rat ngdn,
32 . TRL/ONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
VS to chOc hgc: Noan sao x u i t h i ^ . ^ noan bdo 6' pha 6 (pha thdnh ttigc) c 6 ^ b i t ddu di chuyin v i mgt c y ^ - cyc t f ^ r i S noan hodng bi don v i mgt cyc- cyc tfiyciijt Cu6i giai dogn IV, noan bao c6 sy frfidn ^ ro ret, mang nhan tieu biin. Ngodi ra, buApb tnJng v l n c6 cdc nodn bao CP pha 1, 2,3,4S (hinh 2D).
3.5. Giai do^n V (Giai do^n cd cai dS (ning) Vi hinh thai: Hai nhanh cOa noan sdodtifai the tich lan trong xoang ca t h i . Noan sdo nj&n va dong tac vu6t nhe d byng ca c6 t h i lam tn>ng chdy ra ngoai. Day la giai dogn ca cai thamj^
vao qua trinh de tn>ng vai cdc tnJng da thSnh thuc vd ryng se dugc phbng ra ngodi.
Vi to chirc hoc: Nang tn>ng m6ng dkn do su tang len cua khoi noan hodng va tdch is khoi noan bdo lam cho tru-ng ryng vdo xoang buong trirng. Ben trong nodn sdo vin c6 ck noan bdo a giai dogn c i n non ben cgnh noSn bdo thanh thyc (hinh 2E).
3.6 Giai doan VI (Giai do^n ngay sau khi cd cd/ sinh san)
Vi hinh thSi: Nodn sdo mem vd nhao v(H moi nhdnh cua noan sao xuat hi$n m$t khoang r5ng, do Id phan the tich buing tn>ng cOacdc triKng chfn da dugc dd ra.
Ve tS chin: hoc: Trong bu6ng tn>ng c6n M cdc nang tricng cua nhung tn>ng ryng vd fli/pc dd ra ngodi, cdc noan bdo d pha 1, 2, 3. Cic trung da thanh thyc nhung kh6ng duvc dS si bj thoai hoa va tai hap thy lai ca t h i (Hinh 2F).
Cdc lodi ca sinh san 1 lan trong nam, sau khi &
buong trirng quay lai giai dogn II, rieng lodi n^, sau khi de, buong trirng tro- lai giai dogn lli sau khi da tdi h i p thy h i t cac san phim sinh d^«.
IV. K^T LUAN VA KI^N NGHj 1. Ket lugn
(i) Sy xuit hi$n noan sao 6 giai dogn tfdi luy noan hoang (III), thanh thyc (IV), tham{#a de trung (V), va giai dogn sau khi cd dd (Vl)tt thang 3 d i n thdng 10 cho thiy ddy td mCiaW sinh san cua cd chem mom nhpn trong fflfc kign nuoi nhot.
• Tap chi Khoa hoc-Cong nghe Thiiy sdn (6) N o i n bao trai qua cac pha phat triln khac nhau va td chirc hpc ciia noan sao thay adi qua cac giai dban phit then trong chu ky sinh s i n cho Ihay d i y l i k>ii de nhiiu l l n trong n i m . Sy xuat h i i n ddng thoi c i c noan bao co c i c pha phat trien khac nhau Irong n o i n s i o cho thay d i y l i l o i i c6 budng tning kieu khong ddng bd-
Sd 4/2015 2. Kien nghj
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