QUAN TRj QUANLV
CAI THIEN HOAT DONG
QUAN LY CHAT THAI RAN SINH HOAT TAI HUYEN DA TEH, TINH LAM DONG
• HOANG MANH D O N G - N G U Y I N THI QUE
TOM TAT:
Hoat ddng quan ly chat thai ran sinh hoal tai huydn Da Teh da ed nhilu cd gang vdi sff tham gia eua cdc ca'p, ngdnh tai dia phffdng. Tuy nhidn, hoat ddng ndy vln cdn nhilu bd't edp va chrfa ddp ffng vdi yen cau ddt ra. Nghien cffu dffa vao Quy hoaeh quan Iy chd't thdi ran linh Lam Ding dl^n nam 2020, tim nhin de'n nam 2030; ddng thdi dieu tta srf hai long cua ede ben lidn quan v l cdc yeu id'quanly chat thai rdn sinh boat theo Nghi dinh sd38/2015/ND-CP ngdy 24 thdng 4 nam 2015 eua Chinh phu. Vdi kel qua dieu tra sff hai Idng effa cdc ben lien quan nhdm xac dinh thff Iff rfu tidn ein cai thidn v l Imh vrfc nay tai huydn Da Tdh. Srf kd't hpp giffa phffdng phap nghien cffu dinh tinh vd phffdng phdp nghien ciJu dinh Iffdng gdp phin d l xua't eae khuyd'n nghi nham eai thidn hoat ddng quan Iy chat thai ran sinh hoal tai huyen Da T6h, tinh Ldm Dong phuc vu giai doan 2019 - 2023.
TiJf khoa: Qudn Iy chat thdi ran sinh boat, huyen Da T6h, tinh Ldm Dong, bao ve mdi trffdng.
1. D§t vd'n d l
Mpl trong nhffng va'n de mdi trffdng cd'p bach d Viet Nam Id quan Iy chd't thai ran sinh boat (CTRSH). Theo bdo cdo hien trang mdi trrfdng qud'c gia ndm 2016, khd'i lrfdng CTRSH phdt sinh d do thi trung binh 38.000 tan/ngay, vdi mrfe gia tdng 12%/nara. Ty Id thu gom rdc thai trung binh d eac dd thi dat 85,3% (nam 2015). Da Teh la huyen nam ve phia Tdy - Nam tinh Lam Dong vdi didn lich 523km^. Phia Bac vd Ddng Bae giap huyen Bao Ldm; phia Nara giap huyen Tdn Phu, tinh Ddng Nai vd phia Ddng Nam giap huyen Da Huoai; phia Tdy giap huydn Cdt Tien. Huydn Da Teh gdm 01 thi trd'n va 10 xa, vdi so ddn 47.523 ngrfdi (nam 2017). Vdi 13 ddn lde sinh sdng gdm ddng bdo ddn tdc thieu sd chung chid'm 23,75%, rieng ddng bao dan toe gd'c Tdy Nguyen chie'm
5,3% dan so. Mat dp ddn so trung binh dat 91 ngrfdi/km^. Tong sd' ngrfdi trong dp tudi lao ddng la 26.802 ngrfdi, chid'm 56,04% tdng dan so'. Lao ddng trong ndng, ldm vd thiiy san chie'm 31,57%;
cdng nghidp - xdy drfng: chid'm 43,18%; dich vu:
chie'm 25,25% long sd Iao ddng ciia lodn huyen.
Tdng lrfdng CTRSH tai huydn Id 25 la'n/ngay, Irfdng drfdng 9.125 id'n/ndm. Ty Id thu gom CTRSH tai khu vrfc thi trd'n eua huydn dal 80%. Nhff vdy, boat ddng thu gom xff ly CTRSH tai huydn Da Teh chrfa dat mue tidu d l ra eiia UBND dnh Lam Dong. Nguyen nhdn do y thffc ciia ngffdi dan chrfa cao. Mdt bp phan dan erf edn vffl va xa rdc bffa bdi;
cac cd sd san xuat chffa giai quye'l triet de ddn dd'n radi trffdng bi anh hrfdng. Mat khae, srf phdn cdng trong quan Iy nha nffde v l bao ve radi trrfdng chffa cd che' lai xff Iy kip thdi cac irrfdng hdp vi phara
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TAP CHi CONG THI/OfNG
phdp luat. Vi vay, cai thidn boat ddng qudn Iy CTRSH la nhiera vu ffu tidn de bao ve mdi trrfdng tai dia phrfdng.
2. Td chvlc nghidn ciSu 2.1. Phidmgphdp nghien cdu
Sff dung phffdng phap nghidn cffu dinh tinh nham md td, phdn tich hidn trang quan ly CTRSH tai huydn Da Teh. Nghien crfu cung sff dung phffdng phdp dinh Iffdng de nhin rd hdn bffc ttanh loan canh vl ITnh vrfc quan ly CTRSH. Qua dd tang crfdng tinh kha thi eua nhffng de xud'l khuye'n nghi vdi cdc ddn vi quan ly nhd nrfdc tai huydn Da Teh, tinh Ldm Ddng.
2.2. Mdu nghien cdu
Do da bid't diltic so' Irfdng ehinh xac sd' Irfdng phan nJ cua tdng the (N), kich cd mdu drfde tinh bang edng thffc Slovin (1960): n = N/(l+N x e^).
Sff hdi long effa eae bdn lidn quan trong linh vffe quan Iy CTRSH dffdc xem xel vdi dp tin cdy 90%.
Phrfdng phdp diiu tra dffdc thrfc Men thdng qua phdng vd'n trffc tie'p trf bang edu hdi thie'l kd' san.
s d phie'u phdt ra vd thu ve 157/157.
huydn. Ty le chd't thdi ran b\iu cd chiem trung binh khodng 60-70%. Dd'i vdi CTRSH lai cac dilm dan erf ndng thdn, hd sd' phdt thai theo phrfdng phip tinh eua Ngdn hang The' gidi vao nam 1999 Id >
0,37kg/ngrfdi/ngdy vd cd tinh dd'n ty Id gia tang chd't thai iheo diu ngrfdi Id 1%/nam. Khdi Irfdng CTRSH lai huydn Da Teh phdt sinh trong 2015 - 2017 drfdc tinh lodn theo phrfdng phap tren cho Ihd'y he sd'phal thai 0,8kg/ngrfdi/ngdy tai khu vifc do thi; khu vrfe ndng thdn he sd' phdt thai 0,37kg/ngrfdi/ngay. Vi the' ddn dd'n tdng Irfdng CTRSH phdt sinh dao ddng khodng 25 td'n/ngjy.
(Bdng 2, Hinh I).
3.2. Thdc trgng thu gom vd xd ly CTRSH Sd Irfdng CTRSH phat sinh tai khu vrfe thi Iran so vdi tdng khd'i Irfdng CTRSH phdt sinh tai huydn la kha ldn. Ne'u khdng quan ly tdt se gdy 6 nhidm radi trrfdng, anh hrfdng xd'u tdi ddi sd'ng, sffc kh6e ngrfdi ddn. Nhd'l Id vd'n de nffdc ri rdc ed nguy cfl gdy d nhidm mdi trffdng nrfde mat, nrfdc ngam 1^
rd'l ldn. Ve phdn loai CTRSH ban nhrf chrfa dffrfc cdc chu ngudn thdi phdn loai tai ngudn. Cde hd gia
Bang 1. Ket qud phan bd' phid'u dieu tro khdo sat TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DSi tudng dieu tra
CBCC la lanh dao UBND huyen Ba Teh
CBCC thuoc UBND huyen Da Teh co lien quan den iTnh vuc i^hao sat CBVC thuoc Tmng tam QL&KTCTCC
CBCC thupc UBND thj tran, xa.
Ban dai dien cac to dan pho Ngudl dan duoc chpn theo mau khao sat
To ChUc tu van cho chuong trinh thu gom va XLT ly CHTRSH tgi huyen long
TSng the
3 2 25 11 25 902 1
Sal so tieu chuIn (e)
100 100 100 100 100 90 100
seTphiSu dieu tra 3 2 25 11 26 90 1 157
3. Kd't qua nghidn cffu 3.1. Cdc ngudn phdt sinh CTRSH Cac ngudn phdt sinh CTRSH trf eac hd gia dinh, Idng xa; dieh vu ihrfdng mai (ehd, bd'n xe, nha hang, khdch san, khu vui chdi giai tri, edng vien...);
cd quan, Irffdng hpc; cdng trinh xdy dffng nha d.
Khd'i Iffdng CTRSH thude ITnh vffc Ihrfdng mai - dich vu chid'm ly Id 20% so vdi CTRSH trong
Nguon: Nghiin cdu di xud't, 20IS
dinh trf ttang hi ede loai vdl dung ehrfa CTRSH.
Cae hd dan mang thung chffa hoae lui nylon dS ttffdc effa nha de edng nhan vd sinh thffc hidn thu gom. Dd'i vdi nhffng hd khdng d nha vdo thdi gian thu gom, hp thffdng bd chd't thai vdo cdc tui nylon bude chat de irffdc effa. Tff dd tao diiu kidn cho nhffng ngffdi thu nhat "ve chai" bdi, mdc gdy 6 nhidm, lam mat ve my quan. Ngoai ra, phffdng tidn
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Bang 2. Khoi lucing CTRSH tqi huyen Dg Teh (2015 - 2017)
Nam
2015 2016 2017
Dan so (ngudi) Bdthi 16.888 17.086 17.271
Nong thon 30.927 31.279 31.252
Khdi ludng CTRSH phat sinh theo ithu vuc (tan/ngay) eathi
13,61 13,67 13,82
Nong thon 11,44 11,57 11,56
long(Udng CTRSH (tan/ngay)
24,96 25,24 26,38 Nguon: Cong ty TNHH Nude & Moi Irudng Sai Gdn, 2015 Hinh 1: Bieu do ty le thanh phdn chat thai rdn sinh hogt tgi thi tran Bg Teh
4.8% "Gidy
"Thiiy tinh
° Kim loai
•Nhira
•Chdl hffu cd
* Cac chat ddc hai
^ Xa ban
^Chat hffu ca khd huy Cdc chat cd the ddt chay
ky thudt khdng dam bao, ky ndng cua edng nhdn tiifc tilp thu gom la hai nguydn nhdn chinh lam phdt sinh rdc thai, nrfdc ri rac rdi vdi tren drfdng van chuyen.
Phrfdng phdp ehdn Id'p CTRSH dang drfdc dp dung tai huydn Da Teh. Bai chdn Id'p rdc hidn lai cua huyen cd quy md nhd vdi didn lieh dang sff dung Id 1,6 ha/12 ha drfdc quy hoaeh. Cdng nghd ehdn Id'p nay khdng hdp vd sinh, khdng dam bao cde yeu cau ky thudt, ve sinh mdi trrfdng. He qua Id gdy nguy ed d nhidm mdi trrfdng cho loan khu vrfe.
3.3. Kinh phi ve ve sinh moi trddng Thrfc hidn theo Quye't dinh sd' ()6/2016/QD-UBND ngay 01/02/2016 cua Uy ban nhdn ddn tinh Ldm Ddng quy dinh mffe thu, nop, chd' dp quan Iy vd sff dung
Nguon: Cdng ty TNHHNudc & Moi trudng Sdi Gdn, 2015 Bang 3. So phUdng tien, thiet bj phuc vu thu gom,
van chuyen tqi huyen Da Teh
STT
1
2 3
PhUdng ti$n thu gom, v$n chuyen Xe chci rac chuydn dung Xe 8 tan X e l 5 tan Xe day tay Dung cu lao dpng Quan ao - Chdi (cai) Xuc rac nhua (cai) Cao (cai) Den pin (cai)
Nam 2015 1 1
12
1260 48 12 1
Nam 2016 2 1 1 12
1380 48 12 2
Nam 2017 2 1 1 12
1380 48 12 2 Nguon: long Itap tit Trung tam QL&KTCTCC, 2018
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TAP CHi CONS THITKNG
Hinh 2: PhUdng thifc thu gom va van chuyen CTRSH tgi huyen Dg Teh
VD
Xe t a y , t h u n g chi>a
t h u B o m
1»-ir
X e t r u n g c h u y f i n BAl Xl>
R A C
Hinh .
CTRtCr c d c diem Irung chuydn
; Quy Mnh Xil ly CTRSH tgi huyen Dg Teh
VtSn chuyen
Bai chon Idp Phun , Ph§' phdm EM M\(t mOi
Chdn lap •*• Son ui ddm nen •* Vol bpt khQ trung, kich thich phdn huy Ngudn: Tong hgp td Trung tdm QL&KTCTCC, 2018
phi vd sinh mdi trffdng. Ngudn kinh phi cho boat dpng thu gom, xff ly rdc thai eua Trung lara Quan ly va Khai thac cdng trinh edng edng (QL&KTCTCC) drfdc cd'p tff ngdn sdch nhd nffdc cua huydn Da Teh vd nguon trich Iai tff so' tiln phi vd sinh mdi Irffdng do eae chu ngudn thai nop de dam bao hoat ddng cho ddn vi.
Bdng 4. Kinh phi thu gom, xQ ly chdt thdl ran sinh hogt tqi huyen Dg Teh
DVT: tri$u ddng Kinh phi
1. Kinfi phi dUpc clip td ngdn sach
long cap Tong chi - Chi tign cdng lao ddng - Chi xd ly mdi trudng tai BCL - Chi khae
2. Thu phi ve sinh mdi trudng - Nop ngan sach nha nude (75%)
- Kinh phi de lai cho don vj (25%)
Nam 2015
1.500 1.500 952,2
Nam 2016
1.700 1.700 1.035 117,76 1 117,76 430,0^ 547,24
257 192.75
64.25 227 170.25
66.75 Nam 2017
1.700 1.700 1.035 117,76 547,24 267 200.25
66.75
3.4, Ket qua ddnh gid ho^t dOng qudn ly CTRSH tai huy$n Bq Teh (Giai doqn20I5- 2017)
Sijf dung Itet qua nghidn ciJu cua Fatma Pakdil
& Karen Moustafa Leonard (2014) de tinh ket qua dieu tra ve hoat d&ng quan l^ CTRSH tai huy6n Da Teh (Giai doan 2015 - 2017):
Gia trj ket qua thuc hien thanh phan ' ^ ' - '
{
1 if Xi<a0 ifxt>b 1 _ i£iz£Z
if a<:xi<b DiSm dat dirge cho titng yeu to va eiia he thong vcri cac yeu to
^J-
= 1 Z ^ i = l f^A''),,m 100
Nguon: Trung tdm QL&KTCTCC Da Tell. 2018
Tong diem danh gia ve boat ddng quan ly CTRSH tai huyen Ba Teh dat 48,15% < 50%.
Dong thdi chi ra hai yeu to can drfdc Uu tien cai tien la bao ve moi trudng doi vdi cd sd xu' IJ CTRSH va lUa chon cong nghe xil ly CTRSH.
(Bang 5).
240 So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019
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Bang 5. Tdng hop kst qua dieu tra danh gia tiogt dong quan ly CTRSH tqi huyen Da Teh (Giai doqn 2015-2017)
Cau hoi danh gia hoat d$ng qudn ly chat thai ran sinh hoat tai huy$n Da Teh (Giai doan 2015 - 2017) Phan loai, luu glQ chat thai ran sinh hoat
Trach nhiem cua td chUc, ca nhan phat sinh chat thai ran sinh hoat Thu gom, van chuyen chat thai ran sinh hoat
Trach nhiem cua chij thu gom, van chuyen chat thai ran sinh hoat Lua chgn cong nghe XL( ly chat thai ran sinh hoat
Lua chgn chu dau tu, chij xil ly chat thai ran sinh hogt Bao ve moi tnidng doi v6i CO s6 xd ly chat thai r^n sinh hoat Chi phi thu gom, van chuyen, xCf ly chat thai ran sinh hoat Tdng diem dat dugc ve hogt dgng quan ly ch§'t thai ran sinh hoat tai huy^n
Diem tnjng binh
3,0279 3,1867 3,2983 3,2983 2,5660 3,1500 1,7800 3,1867 0,4815
fAx)
0,5070 0,5467 0,5529 0,5746 0,3915 0,5375 0,1950 0,5467 48,15
n(x) (%)
50,70 54,67 55,29 57,46 39,15 53,75 19,50 54,67
Nguon: Tong hop ke't qud diiu tra, 2018
4. Cac khuyg'n nghi nham cai thi$n ho?it dOng quan ly CTRSH tai huyen Da Teh (Giai doan 2019 - 2023)
Mot la, phdn loai chd't thdi rdn sinh hogt tai nguon
Muc tieu: Giam thieu CTRSH tai ngudn thdng qua lai suT dung ngudn phe' thai; giam chi phi thu gom, van chuye'n; giam tai cho khu vi/c xu" ly CTRSH va nang eao nhan thiJe cdng ddng ve bao ve, siJ dung hdp ly tai nguyen va bao ve mdi tru'dng.
Chu the tham gia: Cae cap ehinh quyen, phdng Tai nguyen va Mdi tru'dng Da Teh, Trung tam QL&KTCTCC, Cdng ty ed phan Cdng nghd SENTA va ngu'di dan tai huyen.
Thdi gian trien khai: Bat d^u thifc hien tCf nam 2019 va tien hanh l&u dai.
Dia diem trien khai: Bat dau ttfkhu vifc thi trS'n Da Teh den tdi trien khai tren toan huyen.
Hai Id, xd hoi hoa hoat dong thu gom, van chuyen chdt thdi ran sinh hogt
Muc tieu: Thu hiit sd tham gia eua edng ddng, cae id chdc Id nhan va ddng dao ngddi dan tham gia vao quan ly CTRSH. Qua do tang dan eae nguon life ddng gdp tCf cdng ddng, thanh phin kinh
te va giam dan nhiing khoan chi tif ngSn sach nha nu'dc eho hoat ddng thu gom, van chuyen CTRSH.
Chu the tham gia: UBND huyen, Phdng Tai nguyen va Mdi trifdng, Phdng Tai ehinh - Ke^
hoaeh, eae td ehiJe tU nhan hoat ddng irong linh vifc CTRSH ciing edng ddng dan euf.
Pham vi trien khai: Tren pham vi loan huyen.
Thdi gian thifc hien: Qua trinh tht^c hien lau dai va bat dau trien khai nam 2019.
Ba Id, ndng cao trdch nhiem, ndng liic cda dcfn vi thu gom, van chuyen CTRSH
Mue tieu: Tang cu'dng hieu qua thu gom, van chuyen va tang sif hai long cua ngu'di dan khi sij"
dung dich vu nay.
Chu the tham gia: UBND huyen, Phdng Tai nguyen va Mdi trifdng, Phdng Tai chinh - Ke' hoach, Trung tam QL&KTCTCC huydn Da T^h.
Thdi gian trien khai: Bat dau ti^ nam 2019 - 2020.
Dia diem trien khai: Trung tam QL&KTCTCC Da Teh.
Bon la, thay doi cong nghe xd ly chdt thdi rdn sinh hogt
Mue tieu: Ap dung cdng nghe hien dai trong xijf ly CTRSH theo hifdng tai che, tai s^ dung va tan
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TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG
dung thanh phan hiJu cd trong chat thai che bien phSn compost, vermicompost. Tiif dd giam thieu tae dpng gay d nhidm mdi tru'dng, tiet kiem tai nguyen. Giam din ty te va tien de'n xda bd ehdn la'p CTRSH khdng hpp ve sinh.
Chu the tham gia: UBND huyen, Phdng Tai nguyen va Mdi tru'dng, chinh quyen xa Da Kho, eac hd dan thdn 1, xa Da Kho.
Dia diem trid'n khai: Khu vifc quy hoach Bai ehdn la'p rac thai tai thdn 1, xa Da Kho, huyen Da Teh.
Thdi gian trien khai: Thdi gian trien khai nam 2019 va du" kie'n di vao boat ddng nam 2020.
Ndm la, dd'u thau lua chon chd ddu tuxd ly chd't thdi rdn sinh hogt
Muc lieu: Tao san chPi binh dang giiJa cac thanh phan kinh te', lifa chpn difpc nh^ diu tu' cd nang life td't nham dam bao cho hoat ddng xu* ly CTRSH cd hieu qua.
Chu thd' tham gia; UBND huydn Da Teh, Trung tam QL&KTCTCC Da Teh va cac ddn vi tham gia da'u thau.
Dia diem trien khai: Tru sd UBND huyen Da Teh.
Thdi gian Irien tdiai: Day la giai phap ISu dai can nhieu thanh phan kinh te tham gia.
Sdu Id, chu xd ly CTRSH phdi thuc hien cdc yeu cdu ve bdo vi moi trudng
Mue lieu: Dat muc dieh eua quan 1^ CTRSH la phdng ngilfa nguy cd gay d nhiem mdi tnrdng, bao v6 sdc Ithoe cdng ddng, khae phuc d nhidm \i phue hoi mdi tnfdng.
Chu the tham gia: UBND huyen, Phong Tai nguyen va Mdi tru'dng, eac to chitc tham gia hoat dpng xiJ ly CTRSH lai huyen Da Teh.
Thdi gian thdc hidn: Lau dai, bat dau lijf nam 2019.
Dia diem thUc hidn: Toan huyen Da Teh •
TAI LIEU THAIM KHAO:
1. B3 Tai nguyen va Moi trudng (2011, 2015), Bdo cdo hien trang moi trudng qudc gia 2011- Chdt thdi rdn, Hd Noi.
2. Chinhphu (2014), Ludt Bdo ve moi trudng nam 2014, Hd Noi.
3. ChinhphU (2015), Nghi dinh sd'38/2015/ND-CP ngdy 24/4/2015 vi Qudn ly chdl thdi va pheliSu. Hd Ndi.
4. Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Dg Teh (2018), Nien gidm thdng ke huyin Da Teh ndm 2017, Ldm Dong.
5. Cdng ty TNHH Nudc & Moi trUdng Sdi Gdn ( 2015), Bdo cdo thuye't minh dudn: Ddnh gid hien trgng vd diin biin mdi trudng giai dogn 2009 - 2014, de xudt cdc gidi phdp, dUdn Uu tien bao ve mditrudng huyen Dg Tih giai doan 2015-2020, Ldm Dong.
6. Trung tdm QL&KTCTCC (2017), Bdo cdo hogt dgng ciia Trung tdm Qudn ly va Khai thdc cdng trinh cdng cdng Dg Teh ndm 2017, huyen Dg Teh, tinh Ldm Ddng.
7. UBND tinh LdmDong (2015), Bdo cdo hien Irgng mdi trUdng tinh Ldm Dong giai dogn 2011-2015. Ldm Dong.
8. Christer Berglund (2003), Economic efficiency in Waste Manegment and Recycling, Doctoral thesis. Lulea university of technology, Sweden.
9. Fatma Pakdil & Karen Moustafa Leonard (2017), Lean Assessment Tool with Fuzzy Methodology for wood industry. Tgp chi Khoa hoc Taylor (fe Francis, USA.
Ngay nh$n bai: 13/1/2019
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chQ'a: 23/1/2019 Ngay chap nh$n ding bai: 3/2/2019
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Thdng tin tdc gid:
1. TS. HOANG MANH DUNG TriTdng Dai hoc Thu DAU Mdt 2. ThS. N G U Y I N T H I QUE
Phd Chanh Thanh tra Nha nifdc huyen Da Teh, tinh Lam D6ng
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT DA TEH DISTRICT, LAM DONG PROVINCE
• Ph.D HOANG MANH DUNG Thu Dau Mot University
• Master. NGUYEN THI QUE Deputy Chief of Government Inspectorate,
Da Teh District, Lam Dong Province ABSTRACT:
The solid waste management at Da Teh District has been supported by many local authorities, yet there are still rooms for improvement to meet the local people's demands.
This reseach was carried out based on the Lam Dong Province's solid waste management plan to 2020, with vision lo 2030, and a survey on the satisfaction of stakeholders about the sohd waste management related lo the Decree 38/2015/ND-CP released on April 24th, 2015 in order lo identify prioritized factors for improvmg the solid waste management of Da Teh District. This research was conducted by combining qualitative and quantitative research mefliods to propose recommendations to improve the efficiency of solid waste management activities at Da Teh DisQ-ict, Lam Dong Province in the period of 2019 - 2023.
Keywords: Solid waste management, Da Teh Distiicl, Lam Dong Province, environmental protection.
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