THL/C TRANG KY N A N G TL/ HQC C O A HQC VIEN TRUCfNG DAI HOC TRAN QU6C T U X N
T? Quang 0dm Hgc viin Chinh tri.
T6M TAT
K^ ndng tu hpc cita hpc viin cd y nghia rdt quan trpng trong qud trinh hgc tdp cua hpc virn ndi chung, hpc viin trong nhd trudng qudn ddi ndi riing. Thdng qua viic stir dung phdi hap cdc phucmg phdp nghiin cthi khdc nhau d Trudng Dqi hoc Trdn Qudc Tud'n, kei qud thu duac cho thd'y. ky ndng tu hpc ctta hpc viin hiin nay mdi chi dat d mdc trung hinh vdi ha nhdm ky ndng: Nhdm ky ndng dinh hucrng vdn di, Ky ndng thuc hiin hoqt ddng tu hoc, Ky ndng tu ki/m tra, tu ddnh gid. Ki^t qud nghiin cdu cho thdy, hpc viin Trudng Dqi hpc Trdn Qud'c Tuan chua cd ky ndng tu hpc, viic tu hpc chti yi'u dua vdo kinh nghiim cua bdn thdn d cdp hpc trudc, chua bii't cdch ' khai thdc mdt vdn de tii hpc vt vay hiiu qud hpc tdp chua cao. Dieu ndy dnh hudng khdng nhd di'n ke't qud hpc tdp ciia hpc vien trong nhd trudng qudn ddi.
Til kh6a: Ky ndng tu hpc; hpc viin Trudng Dqi hpc Trdn Qud'c Tuan; hoqt ddng tu hpc.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 26/4/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 20/8/2012.
1. Dat van d^
Ky nang tir hoc cua hpc vifin 1^ m6t irong nhurng ky nSng quan trpng trong qua trinh hpc tap cua hpc vien. Van dung ky nang n^y, hpc vien biet each tu hpc c6 hieu qua tie't kiSm duoc thM gian trong qui trinh hpc tap.
Chung t6i cho rang, ky ndng tu hpc cua hgc vien Id nhiing phuong thitc hoat ddng trin ccf sd liia chpn va van dting nhimg tri thiic, ky xdo, kinh nghiem de thuc hien co ke't qud muc tieu hpc tap da ddt ra phii hop vdi dieu kien tti hpc ddc thu tiong mdi trudng qudn su.
Co ba nhom ky nang tir hpc co ban nhdm thd nhd't, ky ndng dinh hudng van de; nhom thif hai, ky nang thiic hien hoqt ddng tu hpc; nhom ky nang thd
92 TAP CHI'TAM Lt HOC, SO' 9 (162), 9 - 2012
ba, ky ndng sd dung phucmg phdp tu hoc vd tu kiim trd tu ddnh gid. Thifc trang nhttng nOi dung aky Ik iiiu chttng t6i quan tam tim hiio trong nghien cttu niy.
D^ tlm hi^u thuc trang kS nSng tu hoe ctta hoc vien chung tOi ti6i hinh khao sit 146 hpc vien dang hgc tap tai Tru&ng Dai hpc TrSn QuO'c TuSn (nSm thtt nhSt 56 hoc vien; nam thtt hai 42 hpc vien; nim thtt ba 48 hpc vien).
Di6u tra bkng bJng h6i dupc stt dung Ik phuong phAp nghien cttu chi'nh.
Muc dich cua phuong phdp aky nhim lim hi& thttc trang ky nang tu hoc cia ho vien. M5u phie'u niy dupc xay dung vdi 23 ky nang lu hpc. Hpc vien cd Ih^
lua chpn cic ky nang d6 theo 3 mttc: thttdng xuvSn; thinh thoing; hiu nhu khdng lim. Ket qua khao sit dupe lupng hda bang di^m: Mttc thudng xuyen:
3,0 di_^m, mttc thinh ihoang: 2,0 di^m, mttc hiu nhu khdng lim: 1,0 di^m. Ke't qua ldng ket cd tinh de'n sir tra Idi eua tttng hpc vien, sau dd tdng ket su tra Idi cua ca nhdm.
Dila vio cich tinh thang di^m theo cdng thttc ^ ^ thang di^m dttOe n
danh gii nhtt sau: Mttc cao: ttt 2,34 de'n 3,0; Mttc trung binh: ttt 1,67 de'n 2,34;
Mttc ye'u: ttt 1,0 de'n 1,67.
Dua vio quy dinh theo thang di^m nhu viy nhung di'u hieu co di^m trung binh cao chttng to hpc vien cd ky ning ttt hpc cing cao. Ngttpe lai, nhttng diu hieu cd di^m Irung binh tha'p chung to hpc vien chtta cd ky nang ttt hpc.
2. Ket qua nghien ciiru
Bdng 1: Thifc trqng ky ndng tif hpc cda hpc viin Trudng Dqi hpc Trdn Qud'c Tuan (Qua tif ddnh gid cda hpc viin)
kJ nang
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cac ky nang
Pnit hien vSri ii nr hoc Lua ciion vain Ai lu lioc Lap kS hoach lu hoc
Chon sich v l tii lieu tham Ichio d^
hoc
T6m tat thOnR tin theo ttrng vin de Gwin bl m6t vaji d^ thio luan
Don vi (diem trung binh) C„Di
(nam thijr nha't)
1.92 1.78 173 1,42 1.51 2.00
C „ D , , (nam thiJr hai) 1.90 1.88 1.83 2..26 2,19 2.35
C « D „ (nam thijr ba)
1.89 1.91 1,70 2.60 2.37 2,56
Tong hop chung
1.90 1,85 1,75 2.09 2,02 2.30
II I
Nhom 1 ky ndng dinh hu6ng vii'n d l X = 2,02
TAP CHI TAIM LV HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 93
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Ohi ch£p nhiing thdng tin trong gl6 hoc u^n I6p
DQC va ghi ch6p thdng lin khi dpc lAili^u
Stt dung cac phuong lltntif hgc Thuc hiftn left hoach tu hoc He Ihdng hoa kiftn thilc dS hoc l^p diln Y mOI van dd lu hoc Oi&i bai tap ti; hgc
PhAn tich, so sdnh ddi chi^u ki^n thiic da hoc vdi Ihuc tiin Trinh bay van tit l$p luan v i bio vft f kien ciia minh
K9 nang ISnh dao - qudn IV chi huy l^di hop nhieu phuong phap lu hoc Trao ddi ihio ludn vdi ddng d^i va vdi giao vien
IChac phtjc khd Ichan di hoin Ihinh ke hoach tu hoc
So dd hoa mdi vSn d i lu hoc B^ sung thdng tin sau khi dgc lai lieu
Van dung ly thuyet v i o Ihuc liin Tu ki^m tra. tu dthih gia keft quA ni hoc
2,21 1,75 2,01 1.83 175 1.48 1,98.
1.96 1.67 1.4«
1,73 1,64
2.23 1.26 1.85 2,05 1,66
2,71 1,83 2.45 2,61 2,.28 2.11 2,32 2,11 2,21 2,28 2,30 2,40
2,59 1,95 2,54 2,50 1,95
2,62 1,87 2,81 2,68 2,54 2.72 2,70 2.77
2,68 2,83 2,72 2,85
2.66 2,52 2,79 2,60 2,02
2,51 1,81 2.42 2.37 2.19 2,10 2,40 2 , 2 8
2.18 2,19 2,25 2 , 2 9
2,49 1,91 2,39 2,38 1,87
Nhdm 2 ky DAng tlivc hitn boat d^ng tirboc A'=2,2<i
Nhdm 3 ky Dflng stt dung pbinmg pbap tir hpc va tu ki^m tra tu dinli gia A" = 2 , 2 2
K£i qua luong quan so s^nh Hoc vien nam thU nhat va hoc vien nam thu ba r = 0,18
Quan sal ke't qua bang I eho thiy, ky ning tu hpc ciia hpc vien thuc hien d mttc trung binh. Hpc vien td ra lung lung khi ihiic hien ky ning tu htx. Diiu niy duoc th^ hien 6 cic ky ning thinh phin nhtt sau:
* Nhdm thd nhd't: Nhdm ky ndng dinh hudng vd'n de bao gdm: Ky ning tie'p nhin vi phat hien vin di tu hpc, ky ning lip k^ hoach, hpc vien thuc hien d mttc trung binh (X = 2,02). Dieu dd Xhi hien, nhdm ky ning nay hpc vidn thuc hien chtta dal ke't qua, edn ri't Ittng tttng. Hpc vien it chu ddng trong viec lu lim tdi, xac dinh vi'n 6i 6i ttr hpc, hpc vien chtta biet each lira chpn vin di lu hpc (X = 1,85). Dai da s6 hpe vien chua cd ky ning lip ke' hoach tu hoc
94 TAP CHiTAM Vi HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2 0 1 2
(X= 1,75); cdn trdng chd vio viec giio vien giao nhiem vu tu hpc, tinh ddc lip sing tao trong til hpc 6 hp chua cao. Nguyen nhin niy cdn xuit phit ttt die thtt qui trinh dio tao cia Trudng Dai hpc Trin Qudc Tuin, li nhi Irudng quin sir dio tao ra ddi ngO sT quan chi huy tham muu li^c quin. Vdi dac thtt cic mdn khoa hpc quin sti tinh hudng trong hpc tip Ii tinh hudng gia dinh, do viy, vai trd cila ngudi giio vien rit quan trpng trong viec dinh httdng vin di tu hpc, ra cic tudng dinh chie'n thuit tttc li tao ra cic linh hudng gitta dich vi la cho hpc vien xtt ly tinh hudng dd. Ben canh dd, trong mdi Idp hpc dia cd can bd cic cip quin ly, diiu hinh, duy tri chi dd ai nip mpi mil. Chi'nh die thtt niy da tao cho ngudi hpc trdng chd, y lai vio ngudi chi huy. VI ihl, trong nhdm ky ning niy thi ky ning lip k l hoach lu hpe Ii mdt trong nhttng ky ning eo ban, d hpe vien da thuc hiin nhimg cdn rit lung tttng.
* Nhdm thd hai; Ky ndng Ihifc hiin hoqt ddng tif hpc bao gdm: Ky nang doc sich, ky nang nghien cttu lii liiu hoc lip, ky ning giai quyl'l bii tip nhin thttc, ky nang tin luyen nghiep vij chi huy, lanh dao quan ly bp ddi v.v...
0 nhdm ky ning niy, hpc vien thuc hien d mttc trung binh (X= 2,26), vdi ky ning ghi chep thdng lin trong gid hpc duoc hpc vien thuc hien td't hon so vtii cac ky ning khic ( X = 2,51). Trong khi dd, ky ning dpc saeh va ghi chep thdng lin d mttc trung binh (X= 1,81). Mdt sd hpc vien da nhin thttc viec dpc them sich vi lii lieu tham khao la cdng viee thudng xuyen gin liln vdi hoal ddng tu hpc. Song, vide dpc sich nhtt Ihl nao dl cd kit qua thi hp cdn rit lung lung. Nguyen nhin niy cdn do die thu quan ly tii lieu mil cua nhi trudng quin su, lit ca sich, lii heu quin su diu dupe bao mil quan ly chit che, hpc vien chi dupc len thu vien dpc, khdng duoc pho lo, khdng dupe dem vl nhi nghien cult.
Ciing vdi dd l i stt quan ly chit che thdi gian tu hpe theo dttng gid quy dinh, ngoai ra hpc vien cdn thuc hien nhiiu hoat ddng ngoai khda khic nen khdng cd nhieu thdi gian nghien cttxi, vi Ihl, trong qui trinh tu hpc kha nang khii quit, so do hoa mdt vi'n dl lit hpc d hpe vien thue hiin d mttc trung binh, nhiiu hpc vien khdng bill cich so do hoa mpt vi'n de lit hpc (X= 1,91). Trong dd kha nang khai quit hoi, so sanh, irttu tupng hda, cac ky ning nay d hpc vien thuc hien khi nghien cttu tii lieu cung il khi thuc hien.
• Nhdm ky ndng thd ba: Ky ndng sd dung phuang phdp tu hpc vd tit kiim tra tifddnh gid
Trong bit ctt hoal dpng nao, ky nang stt dung phuong phip va ky nang tu danh gia diu cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec gittp chu the kip thdi phat hien va diiu chinh hinh ddng cua ban thin, dam bao cho kit qua hoat ddng phu hop vdi muc dich dl ra. De hoat dpng III hpc cd hieu qua, hpc vien phai biet cich tu to chttc, tu diiu khien hoat ddng hpc lip cua ban than bill cich tu kiem tra, tu danh gii trong tu hpc. Nhung d hpc viin Trudng Dai hpc Tran Qud'e Tuin thuc
TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 95
hien ky ning niy trong tit hpc 6 mttc trung binh (X = 2,22). Trong khi thtJc tiSn sd hpc viin thvc hi?n kjf nang niy chua nhiiu, chua ph<5 biin, vi viy da anh hudng tdi kit qui ttr hpc cila bin than. Vdi die thtt nhi trudng quin su, sii quin ly, kiim tra, giim sit vile hpc tip cua hpc viin diu do cin bO quin 1^ lim rit chit chi ttt k l hpach, thdi gian, chit lupng tu hpc. Do viy, hpc viin td ra Ittng tttng trong tu hpc, trong tu kiim tra, tu dinh gia viec ttr hpc cua minh, din din vile til ht?c cila bin thin chua dat kit qui.
Nhu vdy, trong cic ky ning trin d hpc viin thuc hiin diu d mttc trung, hpc viin cdn Ittng tttng trong so dd hda mdt vin dl tu hoc, chua biit cich btS sung thdng tin khi dpc tii lilu, cdn Ittng tttng trong stt dttng cic phuong phip khic nhau dl giii quyit vSn dl trong ill hpc. Diiu dd cho thiy, kinh nghiim tu hpc, thdi gian tu hpc, die thtt hoat ddng hpc tip cua nhi trudng quin sir cd inh hudng nhiiu din ky nang tu hpc.
* So sdnh mdrc dd thuc hiin ky ning tu hpc giUa hpc viin nam thU nhdt vdi hoc viin ndm thd: ba
- Nam Iha 1 - ^ J m ihif 1
^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Biiu dd: Kit qud thifc hiin ky ndng tifhpc cda hpc viin ndm thd nhd't vd hoc vien ndm ihit ba
Kit qua nghiin cttu cho thiy, cd su khic bill cd y nghia vl mil thdng kl gitta vile thttc hiin ky ning tu hoc cua hpc vien nim thtt nhi't vi hpc vien nim thtt ba (r = 0,18). Diiu nay ihl hiin rd nhit o ky ning chuin bj mdt vin dl thao luin hpc vien nam thtt ba thuc hien d mttc dd cao hon (.V = 2.62) so vdi hpc vien nam thtt nhil (A'= 2,21), ky nang giai bai tip tu hoc hpc vien nam thtt ba thuc hien d mttc thttdng xuyin hon (A" = 2,70) so vdi hpc vien nim thtt nhit (A' = 1,78). Ky ning lanh dao - quan ly chi huy d hpe vien nim thtt ba dttpc chu y nhiiu hon va thuc hiin tdt hon nam thtt nhil (A^ = 2,83).
96 TAP CHITAM l<f HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012
* So sdnh miic dd thitc hiin cdc ky ndng ttt hpc giUa nhdm hpc viin cd hoc luc khdc nhau
Bdng 2: Thuc trqng ky ning tu hpc cda hpc viin Trudng Dqi hpc Trdn Qudc Tud'n (Tif ddnh gid cda hpc viin c6 hpc life khdc nhau)
C4c kJ nang
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Kelt
cac kf nang
Phat hien van dft tu hoc Lua chon v&n Ai tu hoc Lap kf hoach lu hpc
Qion saeh va tai Ileu tham khio de' hoc Tdm tai thdng Un Iheo ttmg vflin dd Chu^ bi mdt v&l Ai thao luan Ghi chep nhiing Ihdng tin trong gid hpc uenldp
Doc vl ghi chep thdng tin khi doc tai lieu Sir dung cac phutmg tien lu hoc Thuc hien ke hoach tu hoc He thdng hoa ki^n thitc da hoc Lap Ain "? mdt vin Ai tu hoc Giai bai tap tu hoc
Phan u'ch, so sanh dd'i chieu kifn thtic da hoc vdi thuc tien
Trinh bay vah Ai lap luan va bfio ve ^ kieh ciia minh
Ky nang nghiep vu lanh dao - quin 1^ chi huy
Phdi hop nhieu phuang phdp tu hoc Trao ddi thio luan vdi ddng ddi vl vdi giao vien
Khic phuc khd khan Ai hoin thinh ke' hoach tu hoc
So dd hoi mdt van Ai tu hoc I3d sung thdng tin sau khi doc ill lieu Van dung 1^ thuyet vio thuc nen Tu kiem tra. tu danh gil ke'l qua tu hoc ua Tuong quan so sanh Hoc luc kha - gio
Hoc luc Kha-
gloi 2.51 2.53 2.5 2,75 2,65 2,80 2,71 2,87 2,58 2,88 2,69 2,66 2,90 2.72 2.67 2,93 2,91 2,85 2,98 2.70 2.92 2.83 2.37 va hoc luc
TBK- TB 2,09 2.00 2.07 1.98 1.90 2.32 2,40 1,95 2,07 1.76 1,95 1,93 2,36 2.29 2,24 2,32 2,07 2,24 2.20 1.96 2.26 2,30 2.13 trung binh
Tdng hop cbung
2.06 2.02 1.97 2.20 2.12 2.40 2,53 2,05 2,38 2,35 2.24 2,18 2,49 2.37 2.29 2,36 2.34 2.39 2,53 2,07 2,47 2,45 2,02 [ha - trunj
Trung binh nhdm
Nhdm 1 ky nflng dinh hudng vtin Ai ] ? = 2,16
Nhom 2 ky nang thuc
bien boat dpng tu hoc
X = 2,33
Nhdm 3 ky nang sii
dung phuong phap tu hoc
va tu ki^m tra tu danh
gia
^ = 2,32 binh r = 0,6
TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 97
Kit qui nghiftn cttu cho thiy, mttc d<> thijfc hiin ky ning tii hoc giiJa hpc viin cd hpc luc khi - gidi vdi hpc viin cd hpc lire trung binh khi vi trung binh cd sir khic bill vl mat thfing kl (r = 0,6).
Qua thttc trang khio sit chttng tdi thiy: nhdm htx: viin cd htjc lttc khi, gidi Ii nhttng htjc viin thttc hiin thudng xuyin vi dat kit qui cao cic ky ning tii hpc nhu: Ky nang khac phtic khd khan dl hoin thinh k l hoach ttl hpc dupc hpc viin thiic hiin d mttc dd cao nhit ( J = 2,98); ky ning b6 sung thdng tin sau khi dpc tii lilu (~X= 2,92). VI viy, hp ludn tu y thttc cao, ttt diiu khiin, diiu chinh bin thin trong qui trinh tu lipc. (jua kit qui diiu tra cho thiy, d tit ca cic ky ning tu hpc, nhdm hpc vien cd hpc lire khi, gidi diu thuc hien thudng xuyin vi dat mttc cap.
Ddi vdi cic hpc viin cd hpc luc trung bhih khi vi trung binh, viic thuc hiin ky ning tu hpc cd han chi hon so vdi hpc viin cd hpc Iiic khi, gioi. Hp chu yiu thuc hiin cic ky ning don giin da dupe hinh thinh 6 bic hpc phd thdng.
Trong cic ky ning tu hpc, htx vien cd hpc lire trung binh chi thtic hidn tuong ddi thudng xuyen mdt sd ky ning: ghi chip thdng lin trong gid hpc trin Idp (A'=
2,40); ky ning thttc hien nghiep vu lanh dao - quan ly chi huy (X = 2,32). Mdt sd ky ning khic, hc>c vidn nhdm niy ft khi thuc hidn: ky ning thtic hien k l hoach tu h<x(X = 1,76), ky ning ldm lit thdng tin theo vin dl (A^= 1,90), ky ning l$p din y mdt vin dl tu hpc (A" = 1,93). Nhu viy, so vdi hpc viin cd hpc luc kha gidi, hpc viin cd hpc luc trung binh khi vi trung binh thtic hiin cic ky ning tii hpc d
mttc dd It thttdng xuyin hon vi kit qua kim hon. ^
* Nhdn xit chung vi thuc trqng ky ndng tu hpc ctia hoc vien Hpc viin Trudng Dai hpc Trin Qu6c Tuin da cd ky ning tii hpc song trong qua trinh thuc hiin cdn chua thudng xuyen, chua dat hieu qua, cdn Ittng tttng trong viec thttc hien cic ky ning trong hoat ddng tti hpc. Vi viy, kit qua hpc tip cua ho chua cao.
Cic ky ning tti hpc khd nhu so dd hoi mdt vin dl iti hpc, bd sung thdng lin sau khi dqc tai lilu thi hpc vien it thuc hien. Diiu dd chttng td kha ning sang tao trong III hpc cua hpc vien ri't thi'p.
Kinh nghiem lu hpc, kiln thuc tu hpc die thu boat ddng lanh dao - quan ly hoc vien trong tu hoc cua nha Irudng quin su ed anh hudng din ky ning tu hpc cua h(?c vien.
Ttt thttc trang tren, chung tdi dl xuit mdt sd kiln nghi nhim ning cao ky ning tu hpc cho hpc viin Trudng Dai hpc Trin Qudc Tui'n nhu sau:
Thtt nha't, cin quan tim dac bill tdi hinh thanh ky nang tyr hpc cho hpc viin, dd la mCil nhiem vu quan trpng dl ning cao chit lupng giao due dao lao
98 TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2 0 1 2
ctta quin ddi ndi chung, cua nhi trudng quin su hiin nay.
Thtt hai, ting cudng phd biin cic kiln thttc vl lu hpc cho hpc viin, giio vien, cin bd lanh dao - quin If, cd nhttng diiu chinh cin thiit trong quin ly hpe viin tu hcic, trong ndi dung chuong trinh, thdi gian tu hpc, phuong phip giang day, cich dinh gii hpc vien, kiim tra theo ddi viec thuc hien cic k l hoach tu hpc, hoin Ihien cic ky ning tu hpc, phit triin cic phim chit y chi, ky ning, thdi quen tu hoc... gdp phin ning cao chit lupng tu hpc.
Thtt ba, cd k l hoach dinh gii, khio sil cti thi khi ning tu hpc cua cic si quan sau khi cdng tic mdt thdi gian d don vi lim co sd dl bd sung hoin thiln cic ky ning ttt hpc eho hpc viin trong qui trinh dio lao lai midng.
Tii lilu Iham khao
1. H6 <3i! Minh, Phdt huy edu hpc, cdu tien hi, NXB Su that. Hi Ndi, 1960.
2. Nguyen Ky, Qui trinh dqy tu hpc, tu hpc, tu dio tqo, tu tudng chien luac eua phat trien giio due Viet Nam, NXB Giao due. Ha N6i, 1998.
3. Jean Ber baum, Di tu hoc duqc tdt han (lai lieu dich), 2001.
4. Luu Xuan Mdi, Ren luyin ky ning tif hpe cho sinh viin dqi hpc. Tap chi Khoa hoc , Dai hoe Su pham Hi Nei, Sfi 2/2003.
5. Trin Thi Minh Hing, Mdt sdyi'u ti'tam ly trong tifhpc ciia sinh viin Cao ddng Su pham, Ludn in tiin siTim ly hpc, 2003.
TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012
