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THU HUT FDI U KHU CONG NGHE CAO THANH PHO HO CHI MINH<*>
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^ ^ hu cfing nghe cao (KCNC) Tp. Hd 1 ^ Chf IVIinh Id mpt trong ba KCNC qudc
^ \ . g i a do Chfnh phu thdnh ldp vdo l^ay 24/10/2002 vdi tdng dien tich 913ha, bao gdm 2 giai dogn (giai dogn 1: 300ha, giai dogn 2: 613ha). Vdi vj the chifi'n Iddc, edeh trung tam Thanh phd 15km, n l m gida 43 khu cflng nghiep, khu che xuat (KCN.
KCX) cua vung Kinh te trpng d i l m phfa Nam, KCNC Tp. Hd Chf Minh cd lpi the phat triln d l trd thdnh "mot dd thi khoa hgc - cdng nghi". Id trdi tim, dau tdu khoa hpe - efing nghfi cua Tp. Hd Chf Minh va ca ndde.
KCNC Tp. Hd Chf Minh Id mflt trong nhdng dja chT h i p ddn cac nha dau ta nadc ngoai, dac bifit Id FDI, nhd dd gidp Thdnh
LJI i " ^^' ^'^* '^ ^^^ ^^^ nghien cQu cCia De tai cap
^- rrrtcritrnnn diem nam 2016: "Dinh aii inh hudna
"it"''-
cPsd trpng diem nam 2016: "Dinhgii inh hUdng cOa TPP din ho^t dgng thu hOt FDI d vCing Kinh ti trong diem phia Nam"
'"' Hpc vien Chfnh trj khu vgc II, Hpc vien CTQG H i Chf IVIinh
Khoa hoc chfnh trj-So 7/2016
phd cfi Ipi t h i trong vific xay dQng ed cd'u kinh t l hifin dgi, tdng bddc thde hien npi dung phdt triln kinh te theo chilu sdu. Sd ddng gdp tfeh cQc cua FDI vdo KCNC Tp.
Hd Chf Minh Id ddng k l , tgo ra tudng sinh khf mdi cho n l n kinh tfi'. Tuy nhifin, thu hQt FDI dddc ddnh gia la chaa tUdng xdng vdi nhu eau cung nha t i l m ndng cua KCNC Tp.Hd Chf Minh eung nha viec chuyen ddl mfl hinh tang tradng kinh te vd hfii nhdp qufi'c tfi'. Vific thu hut FDI trong thdi gian qua van eon tdn tgi mpt sd hgn che nhat djnh.
1.Thl/c trgng hogt dpng thu hdt FDI d KCNCTp.Ho Chl Minh
Tinh hinh von dau tu vio KCNC Tp.Ho Chl Minh
Nhdng ndm qua, KCNC Tp. Hd Chf Minh tiep tyc khlng djnh Id diem den tin cay v l dau tu cfing nghe cao. SQ hifin difin cua cac tap dodn giau tiem ndng v l efing nghe vd tdi ehfnh, nhU Intel, Samsung, Jabil... Id nhdng minh ehdng. Nam 2010, KCNC da thu hut dape 2 dQ dn vdi tdng vdn dang ky Id 100,4 trieu USD. Nhdng ndm tilp theo, tinh hinh kinh t l the gidi cfi nhilu bifi'n dpng
T'
%mfi nghiem - T/zi/cfien
Bdng 1: Tmh hlnll va ke't qud thu hflt FDI vao KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh
"gon dau tu (tneu UbLl) DU an aauTiT
75,1
Vfli ket qua thu hut von FDI ndu trfln, mac du trong giai doan lii ndm 2010 - 2013 vo'n dautUFDIi/ao KCNC chie'm tf le thap (nam 2011 la 2,38%, nam 2012 la 3,79%, nam 2013 Id 4,54% von FDI CLia Thanh pho), nhUng gia tri xua't khau san pham cua Ngufln- Bao cao Sd kit 4 nim chtfdng trinh hi trd <=*<= ^°='"^ "^^^i^P ™ "^'^"^ " '""S chuyin dich Cd cau kinh te, chuyen dot mo hinh oao vi tang dan qua cac nam {xm tang trudng kinh te Thinh pho {2011 - 2014) vi Bing 3)
nhlim Vtf nam 2015 cda Ban Quin ly KCNC Tp.Ho Tuy nhien, nhflng thanh qua trln Chilvlinh ohiia tUdng xflng vfli tiem nang, thu hut FDI vao KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh da anh hudng den ke't qua thu hut ngufln vdn cfln hgn che, chua thuc sa trd tiianh vo'n FDI cfla KCNC Tp. Hfl Chi Minh (so dU "dja chl dau tu tin cay" doi vfli cac nha daulu an dau tu tang nhung sfl von dang ky igi nuflo ngoai. Tt le lap day KCNC Tp, Ho Chi gidm sut): nam 2011 thu hflt dupe 64,9 trieu Minh hien nay chi dat khoang 60%'. Muc USD/4 du an,
nam 2012 thu Bdng 2: Tong h?(p s6' li#u thu hut FDI cfla Tp. Ho Chl Minh hflt dUdc 48,8 OoV7 vi tinh: trieu USD trieu USD/4
du an. Budc sang nam 2013, thu hut FDI vdo KCNC Tp.
Ho Chl Minh bat dau dUdc phuc hfli vd ke't qua la KCNC da thu
Nam 2011 2012 2013 2014
Cd nuflc 14.700 16.300 22.350 8.646
Tp.Ho Chl Minh 2.722,5 1.288,6 1.656,8 • 2.544,4
KCNC 64,0 48,8 75,1 1.549
So sanh FDI ciia KCNC vfli thanh pho (%)
2,38 3,79 4,54 60,8 Ngufln: Bio cio 'Tinh hinh trien khai thtfc hi$r Nghi quyet sd 13-NQ/V^ ciia Ban Chip hinh Tmng uong Ding khda Xf cua Ban Quin ly KCNC Tp Hi Chilvlinh
hflt duijo 75,1 trieu USD/2 dU an. Dde biet, nam 2014, Tap dodn Samsung da dau tu 1,4 triSu USD vdo KCNC, ndng tong sfl vfl'n dang ky nam 2014 ISn 1.549 trieu USD/4 du an (xem Bang 1).
' Ban Quan ly KCNC Tp. Hi Chl Minh, Bio cao -Ket qui thtfc hien ke hoach kinh le - xa hdi, ngan sach 5 nSm (2011 - 2015), phuong hudng, muc tieu, nhISm vu, giii phip 5 nSm (2016 - 2020) vi ket qui thtfc hiin 6 chuOng trinh dot pha"
tieu thu hut cac du an cong nghe cao, san phlm cfl sflc cgnh tranh, chuyen giao cong nghfl chua dat yeu cau. So lUdng cac di/an quy mfl Ifln giam, da phan cac du an di/^c cd'p phep Id du an quy mo nho.
Mgt khac, so' von dang ky va so von thuc hien cua cao du an FDI con chenh lech nhau khd Ifln. Nam 2006, Tap doan Intel chinh thfle dUdc cap gia'y phep dau \il de khfli dflng du an dau tu 1 ty USD vao KCNC Tp. Hfl Chl Minh, nhung tinh den nam 2014, Tgp dodn ndy mdi chi giai ngan dude khoang 450 triflu USD, dat gan 50% tdng von dau''
Khoa Iioc chmh tri - So 7/2016
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Bdng 3: So sanh xuat khau cCia khu vi/c FDI KCNC
Bon vi tinh: trieu USD
Nam 2011 2012 2013 2014
TP.HCM Xuat khau
6.506,5 8.829,4 9.826,5 6.757,7
KCNC Xud't khau
1.000 2.230,1 2.752,5 1.742,6
So doanh nghiflp FDI dang hogt dflng
25 32 38 40
So sanh (%) 15,37 25,26 28,01 25,79 Ngudn: Bio cao Sd kit 4 nam chUdng trinh ho tra chuyen djch ca ciu kinh ti, chuyen dii mo hinh tang trudng kinh ti Thinh phi (2011 - 2014) vi nhiem vu nim 2015 cOa Ban Quin ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh
dang ky^. Jabil la tap doan san xuat difin td Idn thdba trfin the gidi cua HoaKy, da quye't djnh d i u ta 100 trieu USD vdo KCNC Tp. Ho Chi IVIinh nam 2007. Ddy la da an dau ta Idn thdhai vdoKCNCTp. Hd Chf Ivlinh (sau Intel).
Tuy nhifin, qua trinh giai ngdn vdn cua Jabil kha chdm, theo Bdo cao cua Ban quan \y
KCNC Tp. Hd Chf IVIinh, tfnh dfi'n nam 2014, vdn thQc hien cua Jabil eh? xIp x? dgt 45%^
Nguyen nhan cOa han chi tren: Ngdnh efing nghifip hfi trp tgi Thdnh phd cfin kem phat trien; ngudn lao dfing chat lapng cao cda Thdnh phd chaa dap dng dd nhu eau eua nha dau td ndde ngoai. Mat khae, nhilu cd Bie'u do 1: Tinh hinh hogt dgng xuc tien dau td va cap phep cda KCNC Tp. Ho Chi
Minh (tfnh den thang 12/2014) Thdng ke theo tinh vuc dan tir
j / / * < /
^-
Thong ke theo quoc gia dan tir
Ngudn: shtp.hochiminhcity.gov.vn
2 http://baodautu.vn/intel-viet-nam-chuyen- huong-dau-tu-tang-toc-giai-ngan-d2524.html ' Ban Quan ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chi IVIinh, Bao cdo
•Vnh hinh trien khai thtfc hien Nghi quyet so 13 - NQ/TW cia Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Bing khoa Xi"
Khoa liQC chinh tri - So 7/2016
...il
che' ehinh sach cua Viet Nam nfli chung va Tp. Ho Chi Minh nfli riflng trong thu hut FDI vdo KCNC cfln qud "Uu dai" d i n de'n hien tudng cac nha dau tu nuflc ngoai thuflng thfl d, khong tuan thu thuc hifln nhQng cam ke't ban dau.
• tinli ngkim - Tfaic (ieV
Bdng 4: Dtj an thu hflt FDI chia theo ITnh vijc LTnh VI/C hogt dflng
Vi diSn tu, Cflng nghS thflng tin - vien thflna
Ud km chinh xac.
Cflng nghe sinh hgc Nang Iudng, vat lieu mfli Dich vy cflng nghe cao Dich vu, thudng mgi R&D
Ddo tgo Cflnq nqhiflp hfl trd
Tflng
Trong nUflc 7 3 5 2 6 2 4 4 1 34
FDI 10 7 3 1 6 1 0 1 0 29
Tong so 17 10 8 3 12
3 4 5 1 63
So sanh (%) 26,98 15,87 12,7 4,76 19,05 4,76 6,35 7,94 1,59 100
Nguon; Bao cio Sdkit4 nam chtfdng trinh ho trd ehuydn dich cd cau kinh te, chuyen
1
do'i md hinh ting tnJdng kinh ti Thinh phi (2011 - 2014) vi nhiim vu nam 2015 cOa Ban Quin If KCNC Tp. Hi Chilvlinh
- Tinh hinh thu hut FDI theo doi tic diutu
Tinh dfln thdng 12/2014, tl tnjng dU dn FDI theo dfli tdc dau tu dlJng dau la Han Qufl'c, tiflp de'n Id Nhgt Bdn, Singapore, Hoa Ky, Thdi Lan„ trong sfl 20 qufl'c gia vd vimg lanh thfl cfl du an dflu tU tai KCNC Tp. Ho Chl Minh. Nam 2014, dU an dflu tU cua Samsung dd giup Hdn Quo'c vUdn ien ddn dSu vdi tflng vfln dau tu dang ky cip mfli Id 1,4 \Si USD; Nhat Bfln dflng vj tri thfl hai vfli tong vo'n dau tu dang k;? cap mfli vd vfl'n tang thflm Id 3 ty USD, chiem 14,8%
long vfln dau tU; Singapore dflng vj tri thfl ba vdi tong von dau tu ddng ki? cap mfli va von tang thdm la 2,79 tjr USD, chiflm 13,8%
tong vfln dSu tu; tie'p theo Id Hoa Ky dflng fl vj tri thfl tu vfli tong von dang ky cap mdi va tang them khoang 2,05 t^ USD, chie'm 10,1% tong von dau tu vdo KCNC. (xem Bleu dd 1).
Hong Sdn, Intel Viet Nam chuyin hudng diu ttf tSng 16c glil ngin. http//baodi8ntu.vn/lntel- Viet-nam-chuyen-huong-dau-tu-tang-toc-aiai- ngan-d2524.html
Nhu vsly, cfl thfl thay, cdc dfli tac truyen thflng nhu Hdn Qufl'c, Nhdt Bdn, Singapore vdn Id nhflng nha dSu tu hang dSu tgi ViSI Nam nfli chung vd KCNC Tp. Hfl Chi Minh nfli rieng. Ngodi cdc du dn dau tU mdi till cdc nhd dflu tU cung mfl rflng san xuat - kinli doanh sang cao nganh nghe, ITnh vi;c cong nghfl cao khde. Bfln canh do, theo Sao cao Sd ket 4 nim cda Ban Quin if KCNC Tp.
Ho Chilvlinh, Hoa K^ vd EU la hai chii diu tu Idn trfln the' gidi nhung chi chie'm tile nhi (10% tong vfl'n dang ky vdo KCNC).
se dT KCNC Tp. Ho Chl Minh chua thu hflt dUdc cdc doi tdc dau tu cfl tiem li/c v^
vfl'n vd cflng nghe Id do: (1) Mfli truflng dau tu fl KCNC noi rieng vd fl Tp. Ho Chl Minh nfli Chung chua thUc sU hd'p ddn; (2) Chinh sdeh thu hflt dau tUehuadCi sflc hut cac nhi dau tu nudc ngodi; (3) nganh cflng nghifp hfl trd cfln yeu; (4) ngufln nhan li/c chat iUflng cao cfln thie'u va ye'u.-
- Cong ngh$ sit di/ng
Dflng von FDI vdo KCNC Tp. Ho Chl Minh da gflp phan khflng nhfl nang cao khS nang cflng nghfl, khoa hpc - ky thuat, tang CUflng chuyln giao cflng nghfl, trong do phS bie'n Id hinh thflo cdc cflng ty xuyfln quoc
Khoo hoc chinh trj - So 7/2016
, * Xiiifi nghi&m - Tlufc t
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Bieu do 2: Hinh thCTc d i u tUcfla khu V|/c FDI d KCNC Tp. Ho Chf IVIinh tfnh dd'n nam 201490 1 SO ^ 70 - 60 • 50 40 30 - 20 - 10 - 0 -
Mt- • A
• \ • \ I \ • \^
I • ^
100% Lien Hpp Hcjp CongtyCongty von doanh dong dong cophan m?
nuoc BOT, h(7ptao ngoai BT, kinli
BTO doanli
• 70,00
• 60.00 50.00
• 40.00 - 30.00 20.00 10.00 - .00
• • T o n g von dang ky So duan
Nguon: Bao cao 'Tmh hinh then khai tht/c hiin Nghi quyit si 13-NQnW cua Ban Chip hanh If cactr Trung Udng Ding khda XI" cua Ban Quin ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh
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k i% V
gia dua may moc vdo vdi hinh thde cong ty 100% von nddc ngoai, hoac thdnh lap doanh nghiep lien doanh, trong dd ed the gdp v l n bang may mde, thilt bj.
Oe dddc cap phep khi dau tdvao KCNC, cac doanh nghiep ndi chung va cae doanh nghiSp FDI ndi rilng, phai dap dng eac tieu c h i v l cdng ngh$ cao theo theo Quylt djnh 27/2006/QD-BKHCN ngdy 18/12/2006 cua Bd Khoa hpc vd Cong nghe ve viee ban hanh quy djnh v l tieu ehuan xdc djnh dd an san xult san p h l m eong nghd cao- Theo dd, dd dn phai dddc phe duyet bdi Hgi dong tham dinh cong nghe va nhd d i u td phai cam k i t chi X6'\ thieu 1 % doanh thu hang nam, sd dung t l i thieu 5% ldc Iddng lao ddng co trinh do trln dgi hoc cho hogt dong nghien edu vd phat trien (R&D). Do vgy, cdc doanh nghiep trong KCNC phai co trang thilt bj va trinh do cdng nghe d mde tien tien so vdi trinh dd chung cda ea ndde. Trong dd chili y l u cdc doanh nghiep FDI dda thiet bj ddy chuyln vao trong ndde; ed ky sU, ehuyen gia nddc ngodi tham gia hddng ddn vdn hanh cdng ngh§; cd can bo, edng nhan Viet Nam di hgc Khoa l-iQC chinii tri - So 7/2016
d nudc ngodi. Qe thu dUdc ldi nhuan, tien hanh sdn xuat ed hieu qua thi vi#e chuyln giao edng ngh6 ndy thddng di/dc bao dam d mde do ti&n tien.
Nhdng ndm g i n ddy, ngoai vi$e tilp nhgn mot so eong nghe d mde trung binh td ede ndde NICs, ngdy eang nhieu dd an vdi cong nghe nguon tien t i l n dUdc d i u td vdo KCNC, dac biet la cae di/ dn eda Hdn Quoc, Nhdt Ban, Hoa Ky. Cd the ke den mgt so cdng ty co cong nghe khong nhdng hien dgi so vdi trinh dd eda Viet Nam ma edn ngang vdi trinh dd cua the gidi, nhd Tap doan Intel cua Hoa Ky, san xud't ede san pham: chip vi xd \y eho may tmh, bo mgeh ehu, 6 nhd flash, card mgng vd ede thiet bi may tinh khde; Tap dodn Samsung cua Han Qud'c ehuyen eung cap eac mat hdng v l dien td vd linh kign didn td; Tdp doan Jabil eua Hoa Ky ehuydn eung cap dich vu sdn xult difin td...
Dae biet, eac doanh nghiep FDI trong KCNC da va dang tfeh ei/c danh kinh phi de trien khai vi§e phdt triln khoa hoc - cdng nghe, ddo tgo nguIn nhdn li/e (Nanogen,
84 •Kinfi nghiim - T / J i J B , (jrf/ji Dgs, Ges, Qsic, Nidec Sankyo, Janbil,
Sonion, Datalogic...). Trong dfl, Nanogen che tgo thdnh cflng thufl'e dieu trj viem gan sieu vi, ung thU vd nam 2013 da danh 17,8% tong doanh thu chi cho hogt dflng R&D; Chudng trinh lien ke't ddo tgo ky thuat cao (HEEAP 1,0) giai doan 1 Tap dodn Intel da dflu tU 5,5 triflu USD vd giai doan 2 cfla chUdng trinh (HEEAP 2.0) tie'p tuc triln khai mfl rflng tong kinh phi den gan 40 triSu USD'.- Chi'nh nhflng cflng nghfl ndy se gflp phan dua Viet Nam nhanh chflng theo kjp vdi trinh do ky thuat tien tien trfln the gifli.
Tuy nhien, danh gia theo tieu cht ve cong nghe sfl dung thi KCNC chua thu hut dUdc ke't qua cao ve cflng nghfl so vdi tiem lUc hien cfl. Cflng nghfl ma cac doanh nghiep FDI dua vao KCNC chua phai la mdi nha't, tien tien nhat. Mat khac, do'i tac dau tU vao KCNC chu ye'u la eac nha dau tu den tu chau A, cac nha dau tu de'n tfl Hoa Ky va EU chiS'm ti trpng nhfl (10%), trong khi ddy la nhflng nha dau tU sfl dgng cong nghe nguon, cflng nghe tien tifln.
Hien nay, nhieu doanh nghiep FDI sfl dung the' he cong nghfl trung binh dau tU vdo KCNC Tp. Hfl Chl Minh. Mac du de dupe cd'p phep cdc nhd dflu tU phai ddp flng cdc tiflu chuan cflng nghe cua KCNC dUa ra, nhung cong nghe ma cdc doanh nghiflp dUa vao chu ye'u la nhflng loai "cu ngUfli, mfli ta". Cac ddy chuyen do da sfl ifli thfli hoac da qua sil dgng fl nudc ngoai, nhUng do trinh dfl ve khoa hpc - ky thuat fl nuflc ta cfln nhieu hgn chfl', trinh dp quan ly va tiep nhdn kiem djnh dU dn cfln yeu kem nfln dfli khi Chung ta vdn phai chd'p nhgn nhu id cflng nghe tien tifln fl Viet Nam.
' Nguyin Thi Oanh, Thu hit FDI vao Khu ccng nghe oao Thanh pho HS Chl IVIinh, Luan van Thgc si kinh te. Hoc vien CTQG Ho Chi Minh HN.2015
Nguyen nhin din den nhdng bat cd nhdng vin de d khiu quin If nha dfl Id:
- He thong phap ludt dieu chTnh h!
ddng chuyln giao cflng nghfl cung ffl theo kjp vfli nhflng thay dfli cilia dfli OT
kinh te - xd hpi; -gj - Chua tgo dupc cd chfl thi/c su ttiong
thoang eho cdc doanh nghiep khi tham gii dfli mdi vd chuyen giao cflng nghfl; thieii chinh sdeh hfl trp dong bfl, kha thi de thiit day hogt dpng flng dgng, dfli mdi, thiWng mgi hfla cflng nghe trong nuflc; phuong thiic qudn ly nha nudc trong ITnh vUc ndy chira phu hpp vfli CP che'thj truflng, hgn che quyen tu chu, tu chju trach nhiem cilia cac chii the tham gia hoat dflng chuyen giao cflng nghe;
thie'u cd sfl phap ly can thifl't thflc day viec hinh thanh cfla cdc to ehflc djch vu h5 trd chuyln giao cflng nghe, day la mot yeu to ca'u thdnh quan trpng, khflng t h i thie'u cila thj truflng cflng nghe;
- Cflng tac tham dinh phe duyet h^lp dong chuyen giao cflng nghe ta va'n de khfl khan, phflc tap trong khi dieu kien dpi ngu cdn bp khoa hpc cua nUflc ta chua dap flng kjp sU phdt triln cua tie'n bfl ky thuat.
Cfl t h i nfli, ehung ta chua lam chu dUdc cflng nghe chuyln giao trong khi hogt dfing chuyln giao cflng nghfl diin ra rflng khlp cdc ngdnh, eac cd sfl sdn xuat - kinh doanh.
- Cac nginh nghe, linh vi/c dau W chu yiu
Thuc hien Nghj quye't cfla Bgi hfli Danj bfl Thdnh pho khfla IX vd chl dgo cua UNBD Thanh pho'. Ban Qudn ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh tdp trung phat triln nhflng nganh cenj nghiflp trpng yeu tgi KCNC. Theo do, W vuc thu hflt dau tU va hogt dflng sdn xuS tgi KCNC Id cdc du dn thuflc nhom nganh vi dien tfl, cflng nghe thflng tin - vifln thong vfli 19 du an (chie'm 26,76% long s o * dn), cdc du dn cd khi chinh xdc va tu d6ng hfla vfli 10 duan (chie'm tl IS 14,08%), cong Khoo hoc chinh tri - So 7/201'
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nghfl sinh hoe vfli 9 du dn (ehiem 12,68%), nang lupng vdt lieu mdi eo 3 dU dn, (chie'm 4,23%)», Ben cgnh dd. Ban Quan ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh ca'p phep cho cac du dn djch vu cong nghe eao, djch vu thudng mgi, cflng nghiep ho trp va ode du an nghifln cflu va dao tao.
Cfl the thay, ITnh vUc vi difln tfl, cflng nghe thflng tin - v i i n thflng la ITnh vUc thu hiit dupe nhieu su quan tdm cfla nhd dau tu nude ngodi vdi 10 du an dau tu (chie'm 34,4% tong so du dn dflu tu vdo KCNC).
LTnh vUe ed khi chinh xdc tu dpng hfla dflng thfl hai vfli 7 du dn dau tu, tong von, chie'm 24,13% long so dU an FDI. Dflng thfl ba Id ITnh vuc djch vu cflng nghfl ego vfli long so du dn Id 6, chie'm 20,6%. Trong gigi dogn 2010 - 2014, KCNC thu hflt ngay cang nhilu du an cfl hdm lupng cflng nghfl eao vdi tong so von dang ky Ifln, dflng gflp vao phan chuyen djch cd eau ngdnh vd chuyln giao cflng nghe, ky thudt san xua't. Trong dfl phai ke de'n dU dn eua Tap doan Samsung ofl von dang ky tren 1 ty USD trong ITnh vUe cflng nghiep che bien, che tao'. Djnh huflng dau tu nay Id phu hpp vfli mue tieu vd djnh huflng thu hut FDI theo nganh va tTnh vUc cfla KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh.
Tuy nhien, cd cau dau tU theo ngdnh nghe, ITnh vUc eo sU chenh lech ldn, phan Idn FDI tap trung vao ITnh vUc vi dien tfl, cflng nghfl thflng tin - v i l n thflng, cd khichinh xdc, tu dflng hfla, djch vg cflng nghe cao. Trong khi dfl, eac nganh nghe cung dupc khuyen khich dau tu trong KCNC, nhu cflng nghfl
' Ban Quan ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh, Bao cao
"Kit qui thtfc hien ki hoach kinh te - xa hoi, ngin sich 5 nam (2011 - 2015), phuong hudng, muc mu, nhiem vu, giii phip S nim (2016- 2020) vi ket qui ttitfc hien 6 chuang trinh dot pha"
"" Hong Sdn, Tidd
sinh hpc, nang lUpng, vat liSu mfli, djch vu, thudng mgi lai thu hut dupe it cdc dg dn FDI;
thdm chl nhu hogt dpng R&D Igi khflng thu hflt dupc du an FDI ndo.
- Tinh hinh tiiu hut theo hinh thulc dau ta
Theo so lieu luy ke, tinh d i n thdng 12/2014 cua Ban Quan ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh, hifln nay cac nhd dau tu quoc te' den tfl 20 qufl'c gia vd vung lanh tho da d i u tu vao KCNC dudi 6 hinh thfle. Trong dfl, hinh thfle dau tU 100% vfln nuflc ngodi tiep tuc chie'm uu t h i ca v l so lupng dU an lan tong vfln dau tu dang ky, vupt trfli hpn han cdc hinh thflc d i u tu cfln Igi.
Tinh luy ke de'n nam 2014, KCNC Tp.Hc Chi Minh da thu hut dupc 32 du an FDI cfln hieu lUc vdi tpng vfln dau tU dang ky len tdi trfln 3,358 ty USD. Ddn dau Id cac dg dn FDI dau tu dudi hinh thflc 100% von nudc ngodi vdt 24 dg dn, t i n g vfln dau tU ddng k^ dgt 2,763 t^ USD (chie'm 75% tong so du an va 82% tong vfl'n d i u tu ddng ky vdo KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh)».
Sfl dT doanh nghiep cfl 100% von nudo ngodi chilm ti trpng cao Id do nhd dau tu da tim hieu ve chinh sdch, lugt phdp va phong tgc tdp quan, each thflc hogt dflng kinh doanh fl KCNC Tp. Ho Chl Minh. Hdn nfla, thue te' kha nang cua cdo ben doi tdc Viet Nam trong lien doanh thuflng yeu kem ca ve von ldn trinh dfl qudn ly, dan de'n hoat dpng kinh doanh kem hieu qua. TU do, cac doi tae nuflc ngoai co xu huflng rflt dan ra khoi lien doanh, thdnh ldp cac doanh nghiflp 100% vfln nuflc ngodi.
Cdc eong ty lien doanh xIp vj tri thfl hai trong cdc hinh thflc dau tu vdo KCNC Tp.
Hfl Cht Minh. Cdc cflng ty co phan, cong ty mg va cac cong ty theo hinh thflc hpp dong BOT, BTO, BT con tt, chilm ti trpng rd't nho trong od cau FDI tgt KCNC.
Theo kfl't qua khao sat, dilu tra thgc te' cdc doanh nghiflp FDI trong KCNCTp. Ho Chl , Khoa hoc cl hinh trj-So 7/2016
• 9(infi nghiem - Thiit tiin
Minh, cdc doanh nghiflp khi dupo hfli v l dg djnh Hfln ke'tvdicdc doanh nghiep trong nUdc thi k i t qua thu dupe nhu sau (xem Biiu dS 3).
Hlu hit, cdc doanh nghiSp FDI trong KCNC Tp. Hfl Chi Minh dupc hfli d i u chpn hinh thflc lien k i t v d i cac doanh nghiep nUflc ngoai khac (chiem 86%), trong khi dfl, khu vgc kinh t l tu nhdn dupc 3% doanh nghiflp lua ohpnvd doanh nghiSp nhd nudcid 11%.
Vdi hinh thflc d i u tu ehu y l u Id doanh nghiflp 100% von nuflc ngoat vd d i n 86%
doanh nghiflp Iga chpn cdc deanh nghiflp nuflc ngodt khde khi lien k i t S KCNC Id mflt bit Ipi Ifln trong qud trinh chuyln giao cflng nghe. Dilu ndy, doi hfli cdc doanh nghiflp trong nudc c l n n5 luc hdn nfla trong viSc nang oao trinh dfl khoa hpe - cflng nghfl, ddo tao nguon nhdn ige cha't lupng cao dap flng yeu cau eiia cac doanh nghiep FDI nhkm tgo the vd iUc d l Hfln kfl't cdc nhd dau tU nuflc ngodi.
2. Mflt so' gidi phap tang cUflng thu hflt FDI vao K C N C T p . H o Chf M i n h
D l ndng cao khd ndng thu hflt FDI vao KCNC Tp. Hfl Cht Minh, gop phln ht$n dai hfla, chuyen d l i mfl hinh tdng truing cOa kinh t l Tp. Hfl Chl Minh, can thifc hl$n m(t sSglal phip ca ban sau:
- Xiy dung, quy ho^ch danh muc diu tu Xdy dgng danh mgc dg dn kflu gpi FDI vdo KCNC la h i t sflc c l n thilt, nhlim tdng tinh hap d i n d l i vdi cdc chfl d i u tU. D l cii t h i t$p trung thu hflt cdc dfl dn FDI mfli vao KCNC Tp. Hfl Chl Minh, danh muc kflu ggi d i u tu vdo KCNC Tp. Hfl Chl Minh phat cii nhieu uu dat, h i p ddn hdn so vfli danh muc ngodt KCNC. NhDng danh mgc dg dn niy se idm cd sfl oho cong tac van dflng xiic tien dau tu cua Thdnh p h i tien hdnh thuSn Ipt hdn.
Ban Qudn \^ KCNC can chu dflng xay dgng vd d i l u chinh quy hegeh ngdnh va cac sdn phlm ehu yeu phu hpp vdi chiln iu^c phdt triln cua KCNC giat dpgn 2015 - 2020 vd Ke hogch phdt trien kinh t l - xa hfli Tp.
Hfl Cht Minh 2015 - 2020; xdc djnh rfl ntiu
1
Bieu do 3: Dl,r djnh lien ket vfli cac doanh nghi#p khac cfla cac doanh nghi#p FDI trong KCNC Tp. Hfl Chf Minh
Ngudn: Theo kit qui dieu tra cda nhdm nghiin cdu. Nguyen Tdn Vinh va cgng sg, Vai trd cua FDI trong qui trinh tii ca ciu vi chuyin dil md hinh tang trUdng kinh te trin dia bin Tp. HS CHI IVIinh, Be tdi khoa hgc cap Tp. Ho Chl IVIinh (2014 - 2015)
K h o a h p c c h i n h trj - So' 7/2016 ,
^nh nghiem - Thuc tiin
c l u ve tdng logi nguIn v l n trong dd ed v l n FDI de dgt dddc myc tieu, sdn phlm ddt ra trong ke hogch.
IVI6 rdng ITnh v^c thu hdt FDI phCi hdP vdi cam k i t trong qud trinh chd ddng hdi nhdp kinh t l quo'c te. Khuyln khfch d i u td trong cac ITnh vdc djch vg khoa hpc - cdng nghe, djch vy thdng tin, chuyln giao edng nghl, phat triln nguIn nhdn lye; tdng bUdc md rdng khd nang hdp tdc dau td trong FTnh vyc thddng mgi, djch vy, du lich.
- V4 cd che chinh sich
T i l p tyc rd soat h$ thd'ng van bdn phdp ludt, ehinh sdch de sda d6i hoac logi bd ede dilu ki§n dp dyng du dai dau td khdng phu hdp vdi cam ket cua KCNC vdi cac nhd dau td nude ngodi vd ed gidi phdp bdo d^m quyln ldi cilia nhd d i u td liln quan.
C l n kjp thdi ban hdnh chfnh sdeh khuyen khfch uu dai d i u td mdi bao dam cd nhdng du dai hdP Id theo quy djnh nhiing hip ddn, dgc thu hdn cho KCNC Tp. H i Chf Minh. Trong ed che chinh sdch du dai c l n cd quan diem binh dang doi vdi ede doanh nghi§p trong va ngoai nddc.
Can ddi mdi hinh thde khuyen khich, hd trd trong d i u tu cho cac doanh nghiep FDI bang eac quy djnh phdi r5 rdng, minh bgch, the hien si/ quan tdm cua lanh dgo Thanh p h i ; xdy di/ng, ban hdnh ede quy djnh cd tfnh chat hddng ddn, cy t h i hoa cdc quy djnh cDa Chfnh phu, tgo mpi d i l u kiln thudn lpi de nha dau td thy hddng day dd, kjp thdi cdc ehfnh sdch du dai d i u td hien hdnh cilia Nha nddc.
Ting cUdng lien kit kinh ti trong thu hut FDI vio KCNC Tp. Ho Chl Minh
D l i vdi KCNC Tp. H i Chf Minh, muln thu hdt ddpc nhilu nguIn von FDI thi bien phap quan trpng la lien k i t kinh te. Ddy la mpt giai phap khd mdi m6, thilt thyc vd phu hpp vdi ehd trddng tdi cd e l u vd chuyln d l i md hinh tang trudng kinh t l cua Thdnh p h i hign nay. Cy the:
Khoa hoc chintz tri - So 7/2016
+ Li§n k i t gida KCNC vdi cdc KCN, KCX trong Thdnh p h i nhilm h6 trp phdt triln l l n nhau trong cdc ngdnh, tTnh vyc md Thdnh p h i ed uu the. Lidn k i t d l y mgnh phdt trien cong nghilp phy trp. Trong m i l liln k i t dd, KCNC ddng vai trd trung tdm sdn xua't eae san pham cdng nghd eao;
cdc KCN, KCX phdt triln cdc ngdnh edng nghi$p phy trp, eung e l p nguyin v$t li$u md ede nhd d i u tU d KCNC c l n trong qud trinh sdn xuat - kinh doanh.
+ Lien k i t vdi KCNC Hda Lgc, KCNC Dd Ndng d l xdy dyng Chiln lupc phdt triln cdng nghe cao cho cd nddc. Lien k i t vdi ede KCNC de phdt huy ldi t h i so sdnh eua m6i dja phddng trong vile thu hut FDI phat triln cdc ngdnh, ede ITnh vye edng nghl eao.
Trong thdi gian tdi, 3 KCNC trong ca nude can thong nhat ITnh vye, ngdnh nghl thu hdt d i u tu eua m5i vung, tranh xay ra hien tdpng tranh gianh cdc dy an d i u tu.
- Hoat dong xOc tiin diu tU Xuc t i l n d i u td la hogt dong nham gidi thi§u, quang cdo ed hpi d i u tu vd ho trp dau td eua ndde chii nhd d l i vdi nha d i u tU nudc ngoai, viec nam b i t thdng tin qua hogt dpng xdc t i l n d i u td gii^p hp n l m chac diipc v l y l u c l u , moi trddng dau td tgi nUdc chi) nha, td dd dda ra quylt djnh d i u td phu hdp.
Nhu vdy, cd the ndi rang, xdc tiln d i u tU td mdt hogt ddng r l t quan trpng va can thilt d l i vdi mdi qud'c gia d l thu hut ddpe nhdng ddng v l n FDI chd't Iddng. Do dd, trong thdi gian tdi, KCNC Tp. H i Chf Minh can tfeh eye triln khai eac hogt dpng ndy.
Xdy dyng quy che pho'i hpp ehdt che gida cdc ed quan xue t i l n d i u tU, xtlc t i l n thddng mgi vd xue t i l n du Ijch cac e l p , bao g i m cd trong nddc lan dai d i l n d nddc ngodi, nham tgo sy d i n g bd vd p h l i hpp ndng eao hieu qud gida eac hogt ddng ndy.
Ban Qudn \y KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh c l n xdy dyng ehiln Idpc, ke hogch xLJc tiln
I
1(inh nghiem • Thitc tien
dau tu hang nam va tdng giai dogn. Doi mdi npi dung va phUdng thde van dpng, xdc tiln dau tu, trien khai cac chuong trinh xue tien theo ngdnh, ITnh vye, dja bdn vdi cdc dy dn vd ede doi tac cy t h i , hUdng vao eae doi tde nUde ngoai co t i l m lyc v l tdi chfnh vd eong nghd nguon, cdn ed vdo danh myc dy dn quoc gia k§u gpi dau td tryc tiep nUdc ngoai, chuan bj ky mpt so dy dn dau tu quan trpng, lya chpn, mdi mpt vdi tap doan Idn trong ngdnh, ITnh vye dd vdo de dam phdn, tham gia dau tu vdo ede dd an.
Tiep tuc triln khai eac chupng trinh xdc tiln trong khuon kho hpp tac song phddng vd da phuong. Hogt dong ndy ddpe eoi la mpt trong nhdng eong tac quan trpng va eo hieu qud cua viec xdc tien vgn dpng dau tu.
Chd trpng cac hogt dong sau khi xuc tiln dau tU nhU cham lo den lpi fch cua cac nhd dau tU da cd, doi thogi thudng xuyen, giai quylt nhdng khd khan vudng mac dd'i vdi eac nhd dau tu.
- Da dang hda cic hinh thUc FDI Da dgng hoa ede hinh thde FDI d l khai thde them eae kenh thu hdt d i u tu mdi;
nghien edu vd thuc hidn thf dilm eac hinh thde dau tU nhu cong ty hpp danh, eong ty quan Iy von, cong ty co phan co vd'n nude ngoai, nghign edu mo hinh khu kinh te md.
Da dgng hda ede hinh thde huy dpng vd'n de phdt trien cdc cdng trinh hg t i n g ngodi hdng rdo KCNC, nhd md rpng hinh thde dau tu theo hinh thde BOT, phat hanh trai phieu doanh nghiep, thanh lap Quy hd trp dau tu, tin dung dau tU tU Quy dau tU phat trien do thi.
Thu hut nhilu hon nda nguIn v l n FDI bang nhieu hinh thde nham tai dau tU phat trien eac nganh khac, tgo sy rdng budc vd dpng lyc cung nhau phdt trien. Tgo ra mdi trudng dau td da dgng, phong phu nhdm phong ngda rui ro trong thu hut FDI.
Cho phep ehuyen d l i td hinh thde lidn doanh sang hinh thde 100% von nudc ngodi
nhung c l n xem xet cy the ngdnh ndo, phdn tfch ro, dde kit, d l td dd co bien phdp trong giai dogn d i u cap phep. Quy djnh phdi dgt dij ede dilu kien phap 1;^ mdi dupe chuyen, con khdng dap dng day dd thi tra Idl ngay eho doanh nghl€p d l c6 hddng gidi quylt.
Thf diem vd nhdn rpng hinh thde c6 phan hoa doanh nghiep nudc ngodi. Xay dyng quy c h l chuyln d l i doanh nghigp ed von FDI sang hogt dpng theo hinh thde eo phan, tgo dieu kign eho cdc doanh nghiep nay dupc niem yet tren thj trudng chdng khodn.
Nhanh chong ban hdnh danh myc cae ngdnh nghl vd thd tyc de ngudi nUdc ngoai dupc phep mua co p h l n , gdp vln vdo eac eong ty trdeh nhiem hQu hgn, cdng ty co' phInQ
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Ban Quan 1^ KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh, Bio cao "Tmh Mnh Khu cdng nghe cao Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh nam 2014 vi xiy dUng ke hoach phit triin Khu cdng nghe cao nam 2015", Tp. H6 Chi Minh.
2. Ban Quan \y KCNC Tp. Ho Chi Minh, Bio cio "Ting kit ho%t ddng nam 2014 vi phuang hudng, nhi$m vg nim 2015 cua Ban quin ly Khu cdng nghe cao Thinh phi Ho Cht Minh nam 2015", Tp. H i Chf Minh
3. Ban Qudn ly KCNC Tp. Ho Chf Minh, Bao cao "Kit qua tht/c hi$n ki ho^ch kinh te-xa hdi, ngin sach 5 nim (2011 - 2015), phuang hudng, muc tieu, nhiem vu, giii phip 5 nam (2016 - 2020) vi kit qua thUc Men 6 ChUdng trinh dot phi", Tp. Ho Chi Minh .
4. Nguyin Tan Vinh va cdng sy, Vai trd cda FDI trong qua trinh tai cd ciu va chuyin doi md hinh tang trudng kinh ti tren dia bin Thinh phi Ho Chi Minh, De tai khoa hpc cap Thanh pho (2014 - 2015)
Khoo hoc chinh tri - So 7/2016
