NGHIEN CUU IBAO OOl • N6HIEH CUU IRAO OOl
TiCH ClfC suf DUNG PHUONG PHAP NEU VXN Bi
TRONG GIANG DAY CAC MON CHINH TRI
D
di mdi phffdng phap giang day nham nang cao chat Iffdng dao tao, boi dffdng cdn bp CO chat lffdng cao phuc vu sff nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa da't nffdc dang la yeu cau cap bach va khdch quan do'i vdi cac trffdng Chinh tri hien nay. Vdi muc deu dao tao cdn bp khong chi nam dffdc nhffng tri thffc khoa hpc ma con phai co ky nang can thiet de cd the tff minh giai quye't dffdc nhu'ng van de da dang, phffc tap ma thffc den dat ra tai cd sd, neu chi sff dung each gidng day theo phffdng phdp truyen thdng la thuyet trinh nhff trffdc day thi khong the dat dffdc muc tieu, yeu cau de ra VI phffdng phdp nay nang ve Iy thuyet, khong kich thich dffdc tinh tich cffc, chu dpng linh hoat cua ngffdi hpc, lam cho ngffdi hpc thu dpng, thieu tff dn khi gap phdi nhffng van de can phai giai quye't trong cong viec va cupc song thffc te. Phffdng phdp day hpc neu van de se gdp phan tich cffc de giai quye't van de nay.Phffdng phap neu van de la mpt phffdng phap day hpc tich cffc lay ngffdi hpc lam trung tam, phat huy vai tro tich cffc, chu dpng, sang tao cua hpc vien trong qud trinh dep thu kien thffc mdi, de di den nhan thffc mpt each sau sac, logic ban chat kien thffc, tao tien de thuan ldi cho viec van dung kien thffc dd vao thffc te mpt cdch linh boat, hieu qua.
Phffdng phdp neu van de dffdc thffc hien bang each toan bp npi dung bai hpc dffdc ke't ca'u thanh he thdng cau hoi va cau giai dap thdng nha't. Cau hoi dffdc neu ra khong phai la rdi rac ma cd tinh logic, khong chi de kiem tra tri thffc, ma cdn dm cdch gidi quyet va'n de. Cdc cau hdi neu va'n de gom hai phan: Phan kiem tra kien thffc da biet va phan tim toi phat hien kien thffc mdi. Bang nhffng cau hoi gdi md giang
Th.s NGUYEN PHL/dC DUNG
vien giiip ngffdi hpc khdm pha, dm hieu lam ro van de, giiip hpc vien nam chac ve ly luan va nang cao nang life van dung ly luan vao thffc tien. Day la qua trinh ngffdi giang vien giam dan thuyet trinh va tang dan van dap dffa vao cac dnh huong cd van de trong npi dung bai giang vdi cac mffc dp khac nhau tff thap len cao dan; hpc vien tang cffdng sff chu y, tich cffc tff duy, suy luan cdc van de thay hoi de tim ra cau tra ldi diing, gop phan tham gia xay dffng tffng phan ciia bai hpc, lam nay sinh kien thffc mdi de van dung. Giang vien tff cho la ngffdi truyen bd tri thffc trd thanh ngffdi td chffc quan ly boat dpng tri tue cua hpc vien, hpc vien tich cffc giai quyet nhiem vu nhan thffc, tffc la qua trinh tiep thu kien thffc mdi.
Khac vdi phong van nhanh la giao vien cung dffa ra cau hdi do'i vdi hpc vien de hpc vien tra Idi, nhffng d day khong co sff binh luan va trao ddi ve cau tra Idi, ddi vdi phffdng phap neu van de thi hoi - dap co sff binh luan va trao ddi ve cau tra Idi, co sff trao ddi giffa giao vien va hpc vien de lam sang to npi dung can truyen dat ciia bai hpc.
Neu giang vien biet each neu van de de gdi y cho hpc vien tim hieu bai mpt cdch cd he thong, khoa hpc, diing theo quy trinh, diing muc dich yeu cau thi se mang lai hieu qua cao, se phat huy dffdc tinh tich cffc hpc tap ciia hpc vien, lam cho hpc vien chii dpng trong viec nghien cffu tai lieu cung nhff thao luan, phai dpng nao suy nghT de tra ldi cau hoi, hpc vien kho cd the noi chuyen rieng, dpc bao, nhan tin, suy nghT viec khac... ndi chung la lam cho
Thong lin KH0.4 HOC i CONGNGHE
0
NGHIEN CliU IRAO fiOl • NGHIEN CllU IRAO fiOl
mpi hpc vien chii tam, tap trung vao bai hpc, phat huy dffdc tinh chu dpng, sang tao, tich cffc, hffng thii trong qua trinh hpc tap ciia hpc vien, nang cao tinh than tff hpc, ky nang trinh bay viet va ndi trffdc ddng ngffdi... Ndi each khac thffc chat ciia phffdng phap la td chffc boat dpng dm toi sang tao ciia hpc vien de tiep thu va van dung kien thffc mdi. O day ghi nhd kien thffc khong cdn la muc deu nffa, ma chinh la phffdng den ren luyen tff duy sang tao. Khong khi hpc tap lai nhe nhang vui tffdi nhffng mang lai hieu qua cao, hpc vien hpc xong hieu bai ngay tai ldp va nhd dffdc lau.
Ro rang phffdng phdp day hpc neu van de la mpt trong nhffng phffdng phap day hpc cd hieu qua tot, viec tich cffc sff dung phffdng phdp nay vao gidng day la mdt xu hffdng tat yeu trong day hpc hien dai dac biet la giang day cac mon chinh trj cho cdn bp d cd sd.
Tuy nhien de dat dffdc hieu qua cao khi dp dung phffdng phdp giang day nay chiing ta can lifu y:
- Cdch hpc truyen thdng da an sau vao thdi quen cua hpc vien do dd hp cd tam Iy thich dffdc gido vien dpc cho chep, khong thich tranh luan, phan ldn khong thich ndi trffdc dam dong, chffa manh dan trinh bay suy nghT, quan diem ciia minh. Vi vay phdi tuan thu qud trinh tff tha'p de'n cao de ngffdi hpc quen dan va dap ffng tff dd mdi cd the dat dffdc hieu qua mong mudn.
- Phffdng phdp neu va'n de ddi hoi phai to' chffc thao luan theo nhdm nen viec sap xep Idp phai phu hdp, ddng thdi neu Idp hpc qua dong se gay khd khan. Neu cho ta't ca cdc nhdm cung dffdc tranh luan, neu each giai quye't va'n de cua nhdm minh thi khd ddm bdo thdi gian. Con neu chi cho mpt vai nhdm phdt bieu thi de tao tam ly y lai hoac lam mat hffng thu hpc tap vi da cd sff chua'n bi ma khong dffdc trinh bay y kien. Doi hdi giang vien phai chii dpng kiem soat va lam chii ldp hpc de trdnh dnh trang tranh luan qua gay gat va keo dai. Mudn lam dffdc
dieu nay yeu cau giang vien phai nam chac muc tieu va npi dung bai day, bien soan dffdc "kich ban" day hpc that ty mi. Gidng vien phai can nhac that ky cac cau hoi dffa ra trao ddi: bai nao, phan nao can bo' tri cau hoi nhff the nao cho phu hdp vdi muc tieu kien thffc, hdp ly vdi thdi gian va dd'i tffdng ngffdi hpc. Tranh de tinh trang hpc vien thac mac ma khong dffdc giai dap thau dao ddng thdi phai Iffdng trffdc cau hoi co khd nang gay tranh cai, khd cd the ke't luan. Nhffng cau hdi cua hpc vien ma giang vien chffa nam chac, chffa the giai dap chinh xac ngay dffdc thi tuyet do'i khong dffdc tra ldi hpc vien ma nen yeu cau bpc vien dep tuc suy nghT va giao vien phai gidi dap trong thdi gian ngan sau do (nhff qua thao luan, he thd'ng mon h o c ) .
- Neu van de giai quye't phffc tap, vffdt qua khd nang Iff giai quye't ciia hpc vien thi giang vien can hffdng dan xay dffng van de nghien cffu bang each chia van de nghien cffu thanh nhffng van de nho de giai quye't. Giai quyet dffdc cdc van de nhd xem nhff giai quyet dffdc cac van de cd bdn. Gidng vien xay dffng he thong cau hdi sao cho moi cau hoi sau dffdc suy ra tff cau hdi trffdc de viec dat nd trong cupc dam thoai la cd ly do, ddng thdi ta't cd cdc cau hoi gdi md dd tap hdp lai cd the giai quye't dffdc van de.
- De phat huy dnh tich cffc hpc tap ciia hpc vien, giao vien se phdi can nhac cau hoi nhff the' nao cho phu hdp vdi do'i tffdng hpc vien, de hpc vien cd the tham gia soi ndi dong gop y kien xay dffng bai. Neu cau hoi neu ra qua khd thi khdng hpc vien nao trd ldi dffdc, ma de qua thi hpc vien ciing khong muon tra ldi.
Tff dd khong khi ldp hpc se tram xud^ng, hoc vien se phan tdn suy nghT do cd tam Iy chd ddi gidng vien giai ddp.
- Mpt Iffu y nffa la neu gidng vien qua lam dung phffdng phap nay se dan tdi tinh trang khong dam bao chat Iffdng dong deu, se ddn den phan hda trinh dp trong hpc vien. Nhieu hpc vien yeu kem cd tam Iy sd hpc hoac chdn hpc... Giang
Thong lin Klffl HOC i CONG NGHE
NGHIEN c u u IRAO COI .NGHIEN ciiu IRAO DO!
vien phdi biet dat dnh hudng, pi.ai cd phffdng phap de kich thich say me, hffng thii cho ta't ca hpc vien, ne'u khong hieu qua se khong cao.
Hieu qua cua phffdng phap neu va'n de trong giang day ndi chung va dac biet la trong gidng day cac mdn chinh tri da ro rang, nhffng de dat dffdc hieu qua cao can phdi cd sff phoi hdp ddng bp tff cd che' chinh sach de'n sff nd Iffc, quye't tam ciia nha trffdng va giang vien... Mpt sdkien nghi cu the nhff sau:
* Ddi vdi Hpc vien Chinh trj - Hanh chinh quoc gia:
- Can cd cac van ban hffdng dan viec trien khai giang day cdc mon ly luan chinh trj theo chffdng trinh, gido trinh mdi. Can cd quy djnh so det giang va thdo luan cho tffng phan mpt cdch khoa hpc, nen quy djnh thdng nha't ve npi dung thao luan, so' Iffdng hpc vien cho mpt ldp va gid chua'n cho mdt tiet hffdng din thdo luan;
tiep tuc chi dao sffa chffa, bd sung giao trinh cdc mon ly luan chinh trj dap ffng dffdc muc deu dao tao trong thdi ky ddi mdi.
-Tiep tuc md cdc Idp tap huan cd ve npi dung va phffdng phap gidng day de nang cao trinh dp cho gidng vien ly luan chinh trj va dam bao tinh phdp ly cho gidng vien tham gia gidng day cac mon hpc.
- Viec ddi mdi phffdng phdp giang day phai gan vdi npi dung giang day, neu npi dung yeu cau phdi truyen thu qud nhieu thi de ddi phd vdi viec kiem tra, thi cff, giam sat gidng day thi bupc giang vien phai sff dung phffdng phdp thuyet trinh vi phffdng phdp nay se giup giang vien truyen thu dffdc Iffdng thong dn nhieu hdn.
Cdn cdc phffdng phdp day hpc khdc lai mat nhieu thdi gian hdn va cong sffc chua'n bj. Vi vay can tiep tuc ddi mdi hdn nffa ca ve ndi dung hpc tap va phffdng phap gidng day cdc mdn ly luan chinh trj. Can nghien cffu day du, sau sac toan dien hdn trong viec Iffa chpn nhffng npi dung can trang bj cho ngffdi hpc theo hffdng thiet thffc, hieu qud phuc vu cho cong tdc tai cd sd (can
phai giam tai chffdng trinh, khong nen qua tham lam mud^n hpc vien phai biet tat ca), thay ddi each kiem tra, danh gid hien nay. Cd nhff vay mdi "giai phdng" ngffdi day, ngffdi hpc, phdt huy dffdc kha nang sang tao, tff duy dpc lap tich cffc ciia ngffdi day va ngffdi hpc.
* Doi vdi nha trffdng:
- Nha trffdng can cd chii trffdng, ke hoach cu the de khuye'n khich loan the giang vien, ke cd gidng vien da nhieu tudi tich cffc sff dung cac phffdng phdp giang day tich cffc nhff phffdng phap neu van de. Phffdng phdp giang day mdi tdn nhieu thdi gian cdng sffc chuan bj, Iffa chpn npi dung phu hdp, hdn nffa nhffng giang vien nhieu tudi hay thffc hien phffdng phdp gidng day truyen thdng la phffdng phap thuyet trinh, viec thay ddi mpt thdi quen la het sffc khd khan.
Vi vay trong cd che ddnh gia giang vien trong giang day can the hien ro tieu chi ve viec sff dung phffdng phdp giang day tich cffc. Thdi gian dau khi chung ta sff dung chffa quen se gap phai nhffng khd khan nhat djnh, nhffng ve sau thuan thuc dan se thffc hien tot hdn.
- Ben canh dd nha trffdng can cd ke hoach boi dffdng phffdng phap giang day tich cffc theo chuyen nganh de giang vien cd dieu kien gan phffdng phdp vdi npi dung tot hdn. Boi dffdng dpi ngu giang vien khong chi gioi ve ly luan ma can phai am hieu thffc tien va cap nhat thdng dn hang ngay de gidng day cac van de ly luan cd tinh thuyet phuc.
Cd the ndi viec dp dung cdc phffdng phap gidng day tich cffc, dac biet la phffdng phdp neu van de da tao ra sff chuyen bien quan trpng ve chat do'i vdi boat dpng dao tao, bdi dffdng tai cdc trffdng chinh trj, gdp phan dat muc tieu dao tao ra nhffng ngffdi cong dan tdt, can bp tot dap ffng yeu cau ciia cdng cudc cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nffdc va hdi nhap Quoc te, vi vay trong thdi gian tdi can tich cffc hdn nffa trong viec dp phffdng phdp nay vao gidng day dac biet la giang day cac mdn chinh trj.«
Ttwng lin KHOA Hgc S CONG NGHE
