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HIEU QUA l\IUOI TROIXIG THUY 5AIV TAI A O , HO Q HUYEIV OUAIVG DIEIXl, TilVH THUA THIEIV - HUE
Nguydn Thi Thu Huong\ Trinh Van San\ Bui Due Tinh\ Ld Khdc Phiic^
T6MTAT
Ket qua Idiao sat chi tidt d 120 hp nudi ca nuoc ngpt tai cac ao, hd a huyen Quang Dien, tinh Thira Thien - Hud cho thay, gia tri thu nhap tir nuoi frdng thuy san chiem 30,27% tdng thu nhap. Tinh tren 1 hecta dien tich mat nude ao, ho nuoi cho doanh thu dat 147,051 tridu ddng, ctii phi trung gian (IC) dat 68,978 tridu ddng/ha, gia tri gia tang (VA) 78,073 fridu dong/ha, tiiu nhap hdn hop (MI) dat 73,837 tndu ddng/ha. Gia tri gia tang so voi mot ddng chi phi trung gian bo ra gap 1,13 lan. Thu nhap hdn hop/chi phi trung gian (MI/IC) dat 1,07 lan, gia tri gia tang/gii tri san xuat (VA/GO) dat 0,53 lan. Ket qua dieu fra cung cho thay, hidn tai c^c ho nuoi frdng dang gap phai nhidu khd khan, can trd nhir von, ky thuat, mo hinh va cong thiic nuoi phii hop la chua c6 va cac chinh sach h5 fra ciia Nha nude con han che. Tuy nhien tat ca cac hp ddu co hudng phat tnen nuoi xen ghep, han che rui ro so vdi nuoi tom doc canh, dan huong den nu6i frdng va phat tnen thiiy san nuoc ngot theo hudng hang hda.
Tilrldida: Quang Dien, ca, nuoc ngot, bieu qua, thu nhap, nuoi trdng thuy san.
I.DATVANDE
Thira Thidn - Hue la tinh cd dieu kidn dia hinh da dang, frong do ao, hd, ddm pha cd vai frd quan frpng frong vide phat tnen ndng nghidp cua tinh ndi chung va tiiuy san ndi ridng. Huydn Quang Didn la huydn cd dia hinh kha dae bidt, vdi dien tieh hodn todn la vung ddt cat ndi ddng va vung dam pha ven bien (Nguydn Thi Thu Huong va cdng su, 2019) cung vdi nhidu con sdng chay qua, hinh thdnh ydu td thuy vuc ldn, mdi tnrdng tu nhien nay thuan loi cho vide phdt tridn nudi frdng thtty san nude ngot, nude man, nude lo, nudi tdm eao trieu. Nhd cd didu kidn thien nhidn uu dai, thdi gian qua, su phat trien ciia nganh nudi frdng thuy san d huydn Quang Didn da cd nhimg budc phat fridn tuong ddi manh me, ddng gdp dang ke frong vide bao dam ngudn thu nhap dn dinh cho ngudi san xuat, tao mot didn mao mdi eho ndng thdn Quang Didn (Nguydn Thi Thu Huong va cdng su, 2019). Vide phat tridn nudi ca tai cae ao, hd ed gia fri kinh te cao, giai quydt tdt vdn dd sinh kd cho ngirdi dan. Tuy nhien, den nay vdn chua cd nghien eiiu va danh gia chi tiet nao vd thuc frang, hidu qua kinh td ciia vide nudi frdng thuy san tai ao, hd d eac hd thude huydn Quang Didn. Cung nhu cac khu vue kinh te khac, tai Quang Dien, vide nudi frdng thuy san cung chiu tdc ddng eua gia ca thi trudng (Nguydn Qude
' Trudng Dai hpc Kinh te, Dai hpc Hue
^ Tnrdng Dai hpc Nong Lam, Dai hpc Hue Email: [email protected]
Nghi va Ld Thi Didu Hien, 2014), nd tac ddng rat ldn den cdc hd nudi frdng, eac bidn ddng vd gia cung anh hudng ldn den qua trinh san xudt (Nguydn Thi Ngoc Trang, 2011). Ngirdi dan can ddnh gia duge hidu qua ciia qua trinh nudi frdng thuy san (Kahan. D et al., 2008), cdc khd khan, thach thue gap phai frong eae md hinh san xuat (Patrick. G. F etal., 1985), ddnh gia duac hidu qua thdng qua cdc phuong phap co ban (Bravo - Ureta etal., 2007) ddng thdi dd xudt cae giai phap hidu qua frong qud trinh nudi frdng thuy san, cai tien phirong thuc nhan nudi truyen thdng (Sehultz. T. W, 1964). Nghidn cuu nay nhdm muc dich danh gia thuc trang nudi trdng thuy san tai cae ao, hd cua ngudi dan tir dd ed each danh gm sat thuc hon vd qua trinh nudi ca nude ngpt va dd xudt phdt tnen nudi thuy san tai cac ao, hd, dem lai hieu qua kinh td cao, an toan va ben viing cho khu vue Quang Didn, Thira Thien - Hud.
2. PHUONG PHAP NGHEV CUU 2.L Ngudn sd lidu 2.1.1. Ngudn sdhiu thticip
Tham khao bao cdo ket qua san xuat va tinh hinh quan ly thuy san nam 2018, phuong hudng nhiem vu nam 2019 cua Chi cue Thuy san - Sd NN&PTNT tinh Thira Thidn - Hud de cd danh gia so bd thuc frang nudi frdng thiiy san vd lam co sd cho cdng tac didu tra, danh gia sd lieu didu fra.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020 127
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2.1.2. Ngudn sdheu sacip
Xay dung phidu didu fra, tien hanh dieu fra xa hdi hpe thdng qua phong van nhdm vd cac ca nhan, thu thap cac thdng tin ve ndng hd, trinh dd van hda, cac hoat dpng san xuat kinh doanh, tu hdu san xudt, chi phi sdn xuat va hidu qua kinh td ciia vide nudi frdng thuy san tai ao, hd theo phuong phdp didu fra nhanh ndng thdn ed su tham gia cua ngudi dan (PRA) sau dd phan tich sd heu vd cdc khoan chi phi san xudt, doanh thu frdn sao (500 m^ frong hoat dgng nudi ca nude nggt tai cdc ao, hd theo phuong phap cua Bravo - Ureta. B. E etal., 2007, Nguydn Thi Thu Huong vd cdng su, 2019.
Dieu fra vd sd lugng ao nudi theo timg xa, khao sat chi tidt ve thuc frang nudi thuy san tai ao, hd cua cac hg d cac xa thudc huyen Quang Didn vdi 120 phidu didu fra, ddnh gid sd lieu trung bmh. Thdi gian dieu fra tir tiiang 1 - 11/2019.
2.2. Phuong phap phan lich va xii ly sd lidu 2.2.1. Phuong phip phin tich vi x&ly Trdn ca sd sd lidu va thdng tin dugc thu thap, nghidn eiiu nay su dung phuang phap phan tich thdng kd md ta (descriptive statistical analysis tools), kdt hgp su dung phuong phap hach todn san xuat theo cae chi tidu ddnh gid kdt qua va hidu qua kinh td. Cac sd Udu frdn duoe ma hda, nhap va xii ly bang phdn mdm SPSS 20.0 vd phan mem Microsoft Excel 2010.
2.2.2. Cac chi tiiu phan tich
Ngoai cdc chi tidu ddnh gid ehung theo phidu didu fra, da phan tich cdc chi tidu nhu: gid tri san xuat (GO), ehi phi trung gian (IC), gid tri gia tang (VA), thu nhap hdn hpp (MI), gia tri san xuat/chi phi trung gian (GO/IC), gid tri gia tang/chi phi trung gian (VA/IC), thu nhap hdn hap/chi phi trung gian (MI/IC), gia til gia tang/gid tri san xuat (VA/GO).
3. K ^ qiM NGHBII CUU VA THiiO LUAN
3.1. Tmh hinh nhan khdu, lao dOng vk trinh dO van hda cua hd nudi frdng ttuiy san
Bang 1 eho thdy sd nhan khau binh quan ciia mdt hd la 5,19 ngudi/hg, tap trung do tudi tu 15 - 60 tudi, 3,15 ngudi/hg. Nhin chung vdi do tudi nhu vay se dap ling dugc van de Udn quan den kinh nghidm nudi frdng thuy sdn. Tuy nhidn nd cung cd nhiing gidi han khdng nhd vi thdng thudng kinh nghidm cdng nhieu thi lai hay nay sinh tinh bdo thu va kha
nang tidp tim khoa hgc ky tiiuat ciing co phan nao han chd. Vd gidi tinh, nu la 1,4 ngudi/hd, nam 1,7 ngudi/hd. Sd lao ddng tiiam gia nudi frdng tiuiy san nu la 0,92 ngudi/hg, nam 1,08 ngudi/hd. Tir phan tich frdn cd tiie nhan xet rdng frong san xudt ndng nghidp ndi ehung va nudi frdng thuy san ndi ridng lao ddng nam vdn eao hon lao ddng nu. Didu nay cho thay lao ddng ndng nghidp cdn phai ed nhieu sue khde.
Vd trinh do van hda va tiinh dd chuydn mon:
Day cung la mot frong nhirng yeu td anh hudng toi ket qua, hidu qua cua hoat dpng nudi frdng thiiy san bdi day la mgt nganh ddi hdi ky thuat cao, vide ddnh gia trinh do van hda giup cd cai nhin khach quan v^
hdm nang va kha nang hep nhan trinh do khoa hgc ky thuat khi duoc tap hudn chuyen giao.
Bang 1. Tinh hinh nhdn khdu, lao dOng vd trinh dd ctia cdc hp didu tra
Chi Hta Tong so ho dieu tra So nhan khau/ho - Nam - Na
So lao dong/ho ( I 8 - 60 tu6i) - Nam - Nu
So lao dong tham gia NTTS
- Nam - Nir So nhan khau/hp (diroi 18 tuoi) So nhan khau/ho (tren 60 tudi) Trinh do van hoa - Mil chu - Cap 1 - Cap 2 - Cap 3
Trinh do chuyen mon - Chua qua dao tao - So cap va trung cap - Cao dang va dai hoc
Donvi tinh
Ho Nguoi Nguoi Nguoi Lao dong Lao dOng Lao dong Lao dpng Lao dpng Lap dpng Nguoi Nguoi
%
*
%
%
%
%
%
Gia tri hung binh
120 5,19 2.84 2,35 3,15 1,72 1,43 1,98 1,08 0,90 1,14 0,90
9,2 33,3 35,8 21,7 88,3 8,3 3.4
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
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Ngudn: Sdhiu didu tia nim 2019 Cdc chu hd cd trinh do van hda hrong ddi thap, thue te cho thdy chu hO cd trinh dd cap 3 chidm 21,7%, sd ho cd trinh dd cdp 2 Id 35,8% ddy cung la ddi tugng cd kha nang tidp thu eac tidn bd ky thuat khoa hgc mdi dd ap dung vdo san xudt nudi frdng thuy sdn. Sd chu hd cd trinh dd cdp 1 va khdng biet chir la 51 ngudi chidm frdn 40% chu ydu hg la nhirng ngudi frdn 50 tudi frd ldn day cung la thuc te cua ngudi ndng dan vung ndng thdn heo lanh. Do trude day ddi sdng edn nhidu khd khan, huydn Quang Dien lai la vung trung tinh Thtra Thidn - Hue di lai khd khan ndn rat khd de ed dieu kidn hgc tdp, chi hgc bidt chir hoac hgc nhiing ldp xda mu sau nay khdng vi thd ma hg khdng chiu hpe hdi de ap dung kidn thuc vao nudi frdng, ngoai nhiing kinh nghidm ma hg tich liiy dugc qua thdi gian san xuat, van cd nhidu hd nudi frdng thuy san rat gidi vd cd hidu qua cao. Da phdn cac chu hd khdng cd kidn thue chuydn mdn ve nudi frdng tiiiiy san (88,3%), qua dieu fra eho thdy chi cd 8,3%
chii hp cd binh dp so cdp vd trung cap, trinh dd cao ddng va dgi hoc la 3,4%.
Vdi tinh frang thuc td trinh do cua hg nudi trdng thuy san nhu vay, chinh quydn dia phuang can cd nhung dinh hudng, gidi phdp de td chuc cac ldp tap hudn, bdi dudng kien thuc cho edc hO nudi frdng thuy san bdng cdch bdt tay chi vide dd tan dung duoc kinh nghidm eua hg va kdt hop vdi nhiing kidn thue
mdi ap dung ky thuat vao nudi frdng thiiy san radi mang lai hidu qua cao han.
3.2. Cdc hoat dOng san xudt chinh trong nam cua ho didu tra
Mac du hoat ddng nudi frdng thuy sdn Id hoat dOng chinh ddi vdi cac hg dan noi day (ehidm 30,27%), the nhimg nd khdng phai la ngudn thu duy nhdt, md xen vao do Id cac hoat ddng nganh nghd khae. Dieu nay dugc the hidn frong hch thdi vu nudi frdng thuy san frong mdt nam ehi san xuat tu 1/1 den 30/9 hang nam, thai gian nhan rdi la didu tat yen ndn can da dang hda thu nhap, han chd nii ro. Ngoai ra, do CO cau sir dung dat ctia timg hd gia dinh cd nhidu muc dich su dung khac nhau ndn ngudi dan tan dung de san xuat liia, khoai, dt,... va chan nudi thdmlon, ga, Vlt,...
Qua didu fra va phan tich thdy rdng, ddnh bat thuy san frdn dam pha va frdng lua cimg vdi dd la chan nudi Ign, ga, vit va cac hoat dgng khac cung Id hoat dpng frpng tam va edn cac hoat ddng san xuat frdng frgt cay hdng nam nham muc dich tan dung ngudn luc ddt dai. Vide phat tiidn frdng frgt cac loai rau an la, dt, dua hdu va khoai chiem ty frgng it, didu nay cho thay ndi bat eiia dia phuang la van de nudi frdng thuy san nude ngpt tai cae ao, hd. Ngodi ra, cd mgt sd thanh nidn hoae chu hd tan dung thdi gian nhdn rdi di phu tho nd, thud, may de tang thdm thu nhap eho hd gia dinh.
BAng 2. C ^ ho9t dOng s ^ xucft chinh vA gii tri san xu^t trong nam cua hO di^u tra nam 2019 TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Hoat dong sinh k^ ciia hp Trpng lua
Trpng khpai Trong dua hau Trpng rau an la Trong 6t Chan nupi lpn Chan nupiga, vit...
Nu6i trong thuy san Buon ban
Danh bdt thuy san tren dam pha Tong cpng
Sd hp CO ap dung
120 85 68 56 83 112 103 120 38 95
Tyle
(%)
100 70,8 56,7 46,7 69,2 93,3 85,8 100 32,0 79,2
Gia tri san xuat binh quan ho Gia tri (1.000 d)
7.362,50 809,41 2.873,53 1.821.43 1.277,11 7.633,04 1.524,27 23.605,26 17.229,67 13.852,42 77.988,64
Co cau (%) 9,44 1,04 3,68 2,34 1,64 9,79 1,95 30,27 22,09 17,76 100
Nhin chung ehinh quydn dia phuong eac cap da tao mpi dieu kidn thuc day nhdn dan md rgng nganh nghd san xudt nhdm da dgng hda thu nhap nang eao
Ngudn: Sdlieu dieu tra nam 2019 chat lugng cude sdng. Bang 2 cho thdy vide nudi frdng thuy san chiem ty frgng ldn frong e a edu cae hoat ddng cua ngudi dan, mang lai gia tri ldn, cd y NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020 129
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nghia ldn ddi vdi ddi sdng kinh te hd gia dinh tai Quang Dien, Thira Thidn - Hue.
3.3. Tmh hinh trang hi tu Udu san xudt ciia cdc ho nudi trdng thuy sdn
Bang 3. Tinh hinh ti-ang hi til Udu san xudt cua ho didu tra
hidu qua tdt thd hidn d bang 3.
Qua bang 3 cho tiidy co ban cdc ho d J chii frgng ddu tu cdc tu Udu san xudt nhu mdy bom nude, gian sue khi, thuyen (ghe)..., cae dung cu lao ddng khac, dieu nay tac dgng rat ldn frong qua trinh cham sdc va quan ly ao, hd. May bom nude nhdm phuc vu cung cap nude vao ao nudi kip thdi dam bao mdi tnrdng nude ludn ludn sach lang, lpc diing theo quy frinh nudi khdng de anh hudng den chat lugmg ngudn nude, gian sue khi nhdm cung cdp o xy cho ddi tugng nudi. Ngodi vide nudi trdng hdu hdt cac hd didu fra ddu cd thuyen (ghe) de khai thac tu nhidn bdng no, sao hoae tha ludi fren viing dam phd nhdm da dang nghd thuy san tang thdm thu nhap va ciing cdn nguydn nhan niia huydn Quang Didn la vung tiling thdp hay ngap lu de tidn luu thdng frong mua mua IG (Chi cue Thuy san, 2019). Cae cdng cu khac ed gid tri tuong ddi ciing phuc vu cho vide san xuat cua ngu6i dan tai huyen Quang Dien. Qua danh gia chung, cac tu Udu san xuat chii ydu phuc vu chinh eho vide nuoi frdng thuy san tai cae ao, hd.
Ngudn: Sdhiu didu tia nim 2019 3 4 jj^^^ ^^ y^^ ^ hogt dOng nudi frdng tiiiiy Hoat dgng nudi frdng thuy san Id hoat dgng can sdn ciia hO didu tra
nhidu tu lidu san xuat ddu tu vdn cao de mang lai
Bdng 4. Tdng ehi phi sdn xudt nudi trdng thuy san tinh trdn hecta nSm 2019 TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Lpai tu li$u san xuat May bom nuoc Gian sue khi Dung cu ngu lu6i (no sao, lir)
Thuyen (ghe) Luoi rao Binh bom thuoc Cong cu c ^ tay khac CO gia tri Cong CU lao dong khac CO gia tri
Donvi hnh
cai cai cai chiec
m cai 1000 d 1000 d
S6lupng bmh quan
/hp 1,09 0,46 15,25 0,96 19,58 1,00 187,50 195,00
S P T T 1 2 3 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B 1 2 C D
Chi tieu Tong di&n tich dieu tra Sd h6 di^u tra Sd vu nudi Tdng chi phi san xuat Chi phi gidng Chi phi thiic an Chi phi tu siia ao, hd Chi phi vat tu Chi phi nhien li6u Men va thudc thii y Lao ddng thue ngoai Chi khac Chi phi lai vay Chi phi tu cd Lap ddng gia dinh Khau hao TSCD Gia tri san xuat (GO) Thu nhap hdn hpp
Donvi m^
Hd Vu nudi 1000 d/ha 1000 a/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha
Giatn 856.650 120 1 69.670,20 13.030,00 32.995,00 5.345,00 5.250,00 1.985,00 2.755,00 3.092,60 4.525.00 692.60 25.947,60 22.405.00 3.542,60 147.050,54 73.837,40
Tyle(%)
18,70 47,36 7,67 7,54 2,85 3,95 4,44 6,49 0,99 86,35 13,65
Ngudn: Sdlieu diSu tra nam 2019 De tao dupe san pham dau ra ddi hdi cin mdt td lao dOng, tu sua ao, hd, xu ly ao, hd... la nhiing nhan hpp rSt nhi^u cac yeiu td dau vao nhu: gidng, thiic an, td anh huong trvc tiep nhat den kdt qua quy uinh san
130 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
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xuat. Vide phan tieh chi phi va c a eau chi phi eua hd nudi la rat quan frong nhdm xac dinh thanh phan nao chidm ty frgng cao nhat, mue dd dau tu eae loai ehi phi giQa cac hd gia dinh, dia phuong khac nhau cd cho kdt qua khdc nhau hay khdng. Vide ddu tu da hgp ly ehua can tang giam gi khdng?...
Ddi vdi chi phi gidng. cd the ndi day Id nhan td hdng ddu quydt dinh den muc do tiianh cdng cua qua trinh san xudt. Qua khao sat phan ldn ngu dan ddu san xuat theo hudng nudi xen ghep ddi tugng nudi chu ydu Id tdm, ed kinh, cua va cd dia. Tu vide ddc canh nudi tdm frong may nam trude, ngudi dan da bi riii ro qua ldn, lam mat kha nang chi fra ngan hang.
Trong nam 2018 - 2019, ngudi dan da chuyen sang hinh thuc nudi xen ghep frong ao, hd. Y\ vay chua cd danh gia ndn nudi frdng lodi nao kdt hgp vdi nhau vdi mat do nudi nhu thd nao de cho hieu qua kmh td cao, ngudi ddn chu ydu nudi xen ghep cac loai vdi nhau.
Kdt qua cho thdy mdt do tha eua timg doi tupng cd khdc nhau ddi vdi tdm 6.442,5 con/sdo, ca kinh vd cua 1 kg/sdo, ridng ca dia mat dd tha tuong ddi thap chu ydu Id tha dam kdm theo, tdng chi phi gidng chidm 18,70%. Ddi chidu theo quy dinh ky thuat thi mat dp tha gidng thuc te cao hon nhidu nhung nd da frd thanh thdi quen ehung eua eac ho nudi noi ddy.
Yl hg nghi ndu tha nhieu thi sd eho kdt qua cao hon nhung dd lai Id sai 1dm do khdng chgn duge ddi tugng cd hidu qua rd rdng. Ngudn gdc cua gidng dugc cung cdp chu yeu tir ba ngudn: Binh Dinh, Dd Ndng, cdc tinh Nam bd va thu ngoai tu nhidn de tha.
Ddi vdi thuc Srr. thuc an chinh la dieu kien dam bao cho qua trinh sinh trudng va phat tridn cua bdt ky mgt ea thd nao. Id mdt ydu td quan frpng, mue dp ddu tu vd tiuic an se anh hudng rat ldn den ket qua vd hidu qua sau nay. Thuc td nghidn euu cho thay.
47,36% tdng chi phi. Cdc hO nudi frdng thuy san d day chi su dung thuc an edng nghidp la chu yeu. Qua didu tra nhan thay rdng ndu cho cd an qua nhieu thuc an sd anh hudng den chi phi, ddng thdi ca an khdng hdt se gay ra lugng du thua thuc an frong ao nudi, gay d nhidm mdi trudng nude dd ddn ddn gay dich bdnh eho cae loai nudi.
Ddi vdi lao ddng thui ngoii. trung binh cdng lao ddng thud ngodi la 3,093 tridu ddng/ha, day la mOt khoan dang ke ddi vdi tdng chi phi frong hoat ddng nudi frdng thuy san, ngu dan tiiudng tan dung thdi gian nhan rdi dd nudi frdng thuy san va cCing Idy cdng lam lai, tuy nhidn vide xac dinh cu the gap nhieu khd khan do ngudi ddn thudng 1dm kidm nhidm va miia vu, xen vdi cae hinh thiic frdng frgt va chan nudi khae ndn rat khd danh gia sdt thuc edng eua gia dinh tu bd ra.
Ddi vdi xu ly va phdng binh Vide phdng bdnh cho tdm la cue ky quan frgng. Nhin vao bang 4 eho thdy muc dO dau tu cho cdng tac xtr ly phdng bdnh ddu dugc quan tam rdt cao, hidn nay ngu dan da ling dung ky thuat san xuat theo phuong thue sir dung men vi sinh dd xii ly nude, bd sung thdm cac loai vitamin de tang sue de khang cho cac loai thiiy san nudi nay chiem 3,95% frong tdng chi phi.
Ddi voi tu sua va nao vetao, hd. day la khoan chi lidn quan ddn vide tdi tao lai mdi trudng trude khi tidn hanh vu san xuat mdi, ehidm 7,67%. Nhin ehung edng tae nay ddu dupe ede hd nudi chu frpng dau tu, vi day Id thdi diem bat ddu vu nudi mdi ndn da phan cae hg ddu cd mdt su chuan hi nhdt dinh vd mat kinh td. Vide tu siia va nao vet hd can phai dam bao nghidm ngat ve ky thuat, franh su rd ri nude tir bdn ngoai va bdn frong hd nudi.
chi phi ddu tu eho thuc an la khoan ldn nhdt ehidm tir
Bdng 5. Ddnh gid hiOu qud nudi trdng thu^ sdn t ^ ao, hd ciia cdc hg ddn nSm 2019
Tinh tiin 1 ha Chi Udu
Gii tri san xuit (GO) doanh thu Chi phi trung gian (IC) Gia tn gia tang (VA = GO - IC)
Thu nhap hdn hop (MI = VA - KHTS - lai vay) Gia tri san xuat/chi phi trung gian (GO/IC) Gia tri gia tang/chi phi trung gian (VA/IC) Thu nhap hdn hop/chi phi tmng gian (MI/IC) Gia tri gia tang/gia tri san xuat (VA/GO)
Donvi 1.000 d/ha 1.000 d/ha 1.000 d/ha 1.000 d/ha
lin lan lan lin
Gia tri 147.050,54
68.978,00 78.072,60 73.837.40 2,13 1,13 1,07 0,53
Nguon: Sdheu diiu tra, nam 2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020 131
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
Ddi vdi diin va nhiin heu. chu ydu dugc dung frong qud trinh tdn tao ao nudi va dae bidt su dung tb khi bat ddu tha vat nudi cho tdi khi thu hoach, day cung la mdt khoan chi tuong ddi ldn chidm 2,85% so vdi tdng ehi phi true tidp.
Chi phi khiu hao tii san cddinh (KHTSCD): gia t n K H T S C D c h i d m 13,65% t d n g c h i p h i tir c d , frong k h i lao d d n g g i a d i n h q u y r a tidn c d n g c h i d m 86,35%
t d n g c h i p h i ttr cd.
Q u a b a n g 5 c h o thay: eii m d t h e c t a ao n u d i tai c d c d i a b a n didu fra frong 1 v u s e t a o r a : Gid t n s a n x u a t (GO) h a y d o a n h t h u 147,051 tiidu d d n g / h a , c h i p h i t r u n g g i a n 0 C ) d a t 68,978 tridu d d n g / h a , g i a tri gia t a n g (VA) 78,073 h i d u d d n g / h a , t h u n h a p h d n h g p (MI) d a t 73,837 tridu d d n g / h a . N h i n c h u n g , n u d i t r d n g t h u y san c u a h u y d n Q u a n g Didn d d u c d d o a n h t h u vira v a gid tri g i a t a n g frdn 1 s a o s a n x u a t . C a c c h i sd n d y t h a p h o n s o vdi m d h i n h n u d i c a I d n g tai T h u a T h i d n - H u d ( N g u y d n T h i T h u H u o n g vd c d n g sir, 2 0 1 9 ) .
Hidu q u a k i n h td h o a t d d n g n u d i frdng thiiy s a n n a m 2019 c h o t h d y g i a t r i s a n x u a t s o vdi m d t d d n g e h i p h i t r u n g g i a n b d r a g d p 2,13 lan, d i e u n d y r a t c d y n g h i a b d i t n r d e d a y k h i c a c h d nudi c h u y d n e a n h t o m c h a n frdng h o a e t d m s u t h i t y Id n a y c a o h o n n h i d u , n h i m g d o m d t t h d i g i a n d a i t d m h i d i e h b d n h , m d i tiirdng bi d n h i d m , b i t h u a Id k e o d a i n e n n g u d a n d a c h u y e n s a n g h i n h thiic n u d i x e n g h e p n h d m g i a m b d t n i i r o v a c u n g c d lai. Gia tri g i a t a n g s o vdi m d t d d n g c h i p h i t r u n g gian b d r a g d p 1,13 ldn. T h u n h a p h d n h g p / c h i p h i t m n g gian ( M I / I C ) d a t 1,07 lan, g i a tri g i a t a n g / g i d fri s a n x u d t ( V A / G O ) d a t 0,53 lan. C h i b d u n d y c a o h o n s o v d i n u d i frdng t h u y s a n g a n b d tai tinh N g h d An, d o V u o n g T h i T h u y H d n g didu fra v a d d n h g i a n a m 2 0 1 9 (Vmrng T h i T h u y H a n g , 2019). Q u a d a y t a cd t h e k h d n g d i n h h o a t d d n g nudi frdng t h u y s a n d h u y e n Q u a n g D i e n d e m lai k e t q u a k h d k h d q u a n v e m a t k u i h t e . B d n g c h u n g la e d c chi tidu p h a n a n h hidu q u a k i n h t e d n d i n h . Didu n a y cd d u g c la n h d sir d a d a n g h d a vat n u d i v a h a n c h e riii ro. So vdi frong v d n g 3 n a m t r u d e thi vide riii r o tir nudi d d c c a n h t d m la r a t ldn, n g u d i d a n d a m a t k h a n a n g fra lai n g a n h a n g , t u y n h i e n tir k h i c h u y d n s a n g nudi x e n g h e p v a d a d a n g lodi frong ao, h d d a d n d i n h k m h t e c h o n g u d i d a n nudi frdng t h u y s a n . T u y nhidn c h u a c d m d t c d n g thirc m a t d o x e n g h e p p h u h g p d e n a n g c a o h i d u q u a nudi frdng t h u y s a n ntrdc n g g t tai e a e a o , h d .
4.KCTLUiiNVAKHUYHUNGM 4.1. Kdt ludn
- Khu vuc ao, hd cua huydn Quang i 'it^n phu hgp cho vide nudi frdng thuy sdn nude ngot theo hudng nudi xen ghdp.
- Gid fri thu nhap tir nudi frdng thiiy san chiem 30,27% frong CO edu tdng thu nhdp ^^^ ^d gia tiinh.
- Mdt hecta ao, hd nudi thuy san cho doanh thu dat 147,051 hidu ddng, gia fri gia tang dat 78,073 tridu ddng/ha, tiiu nhap hdn hgp dat 73,837 tiidu ddng/ha.
- Gia fri gia tang so vdi mdt ddng ehi phi trung gian bd ra gap 1,13 lan, thu nhap hdn hgp/chi phi tnmg gian dat 1,07 ldn, gia tri gia tang/gid tri san xuat dat 0,53 lan.
- Hidu qua kinh te cua vide nudi frdng thuy san tai cdc ao, hd chtra thuc su cao so vdi nudi tdm d6c canh nhtmg da giam su rui ro, mang lai su dn dinh sinh kd cho ngudi dan vung ao, hd cua huydn Quang Didn.
- Chua cd cdng thuc nudi xen ghep phu hgp, cho hidu qua kinh te cao tai vung ao, hd huydn Quang Didn, tinh Thira Thien • Hud.
4.2. Khuydn nghi
- Thir nghidm vd xay dung md hinh nudi xen ghep thuy san phii hgp tai cae ao, hd ntrde nggt sau khi chuyen ddi tir ddc canh nudi tdm.
- Quy hoaeh phat trien, tap huan va nhan r6ng md hinh nudi frdng thuy san tai huydn Quang Di^n dd nang cao hidu qua kinh te.
- Dieu fra nhu eau eon gidng thuy san nude ngpt de ed chinh sach chu ddng etmg cap gidng cho ngudi dan.
- Chu frgng cdng tac dtr bdo thai tiet, mdi trudng, phdng ngira dich benh hai thuy san.
- Sd NN&PTNT tinh Thira Thidn - Hue can co chinh sach hd fro phdt trien cac md hinh cho ngiroi dan tai huydn Quang Dien.
- Nang cao nhan thtic, khoa hoe ky thudt cho ngudi dan frong vide nudi frdng ca nude nggt tai cac ao, hd frdn dia ban huydn Quang Didn, tinh Thira Thidn - Hue.
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132 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC C O N G N G H E
phi cho nghien ciiu sinh dieu tra, danh gia. Nhom tac Nam: Thuc trang va khuyen nghi chinh sach, de tai gia xin trSn trong cam on sirhd tro nay K H & C N c a p Bp, Vien N g h i e n ciiu Q u a n ly k i n h t e
T« UHI THAM KHAO Tmng irong.
1. Chi cue Thiiy san - So NN&PTNT tinh Thira 6- NguySn Thi Ngoc Trang (2011). Riii ro bien Thien • Hu^ (2019). Bao cao kdt qua san xudt va tinh Mnggia ca trong hoat dong san xudt nong nghiep, hinh quan ly thuy san nam 2018, phucmg huong Tap chi Phat trien Kinh te, sd 243, tr 55 - 61.
nhiem vu nam 2019, Thira Thien - Hue. 7. Bravo - Ureta. B. E, Soils. D, Lo'pez. V. H. M, 2. Virong T h i Thiiy H a n g (2019). Hieu qua kinh M a n p a n i . J. F, T h i a m . A, Rivas. T (2007). Technical tSnudi trong thuy san gan bd tai huyen Nghi Loc, efhciency in farming: a metaregression analysis, tinh Nghi An. Tap chi Nong nghiep va Phat tnen Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol 27, No 1, pp 57 nong thon, ky 2, thang 9/2019. Tr U l - 118. - 72.
3. NguySn T h i T h u H u o n g , Bill Diic T i n h , T r i n h Q ,^ ,, r , mono\ „r . i • r, T Tr, • ™ , r....;^^ , , , o. Kahan. D (2008). Management risk m v a n Son, Le K h a c P h u c (2019). Hieu qua nuoi ca r„„„,. r. ^ ../ . - ,,, • ^- . c . ,
, \ , , ^ , farming. Food and Agncultnre organization of the long cua nong ho tai vung dam pha Tam Giang- Cau United Nations, Rome.
Hai, tinh Thira Thiin - Hue. Tap chi Nong nghiep va
Phat triSn nong thon, kjr 2, thang 9/2019. Tr 119 - ^- P='"='^- ^- ^- '*^"'*™- P- N, Bany. P. J, 125. Boggess. W. G. Young. D. L (1985). Risk
perceptions and management reponses generated 4. N g u y t n Q n o c Nghi, IA Thj Di6u Hien (2014). ,,ypMesis for risk modeUng Southern Journal of Rui ro thi truong trong san xuat nong nghiep cua Agriculhiral Economics, Vol 17, N o 2, p p 231 • 238.
ndng ho a ddng bang sdng Cuu Long, T a p chi Khoa
hgc - Dai h g c Cdn T h o , sd 33, fr 3 8 - 4 4 . ^^- ^h"^*^" "T" ^ ^1^64). Transfonning tiaditional agriculture, Chicago; University of 5. Ld T h i Xudn Q u y n h (2011). Rui ro tiong sin c h i n c a g o P r e s s .
xuit ndng nghiip cua hd gia dinh ndng thdn a Viet
E F F E C T I V E O F AQUACULTURE A T LAKE P O N D I N QUANG D I E N DISTRICT, T H U A T H I E N - H U E P R O V I N C E
N g u y e n T h i T h u H u o n g S T r i n h Van SonS Bui D u e T m h S Le K h a c Fhuc*
^University of Economic, Hf^^ University
^University of Agriculture and Forestiy, Hue University Emaih [email protected]. vn S u m m a r y
Assessing the effectiveness of aquaculture in households m Quang Dien distnct, Thua TTiien - Hue province helps to draw reaUstic conclusions, propose solutions to overcome and propose building sustainable aquaculture models, improving economic efficiency. The detailed survey of 120 freshwater fish farmers in ponds shows that the results and economic efficiency of freshwater fish fanners all have quite positive economic results about the structure of 30.27% of the income value fi-om aquaculture. Evaluated on an area of 1 ha of water surface for ponds and lakes, the revenue reached 147.051 million VND, the intermediary cost aC) IS 68.978 million VND/ha, the added value (VA) is 78.073 million VND/ha, tiie mixed income (MI) reached 73.837 million VND/ha. T h e value added for an intermediary cost is 1.13 times. Mixed income/intermediate cost (MI/IC) reached 1.07 times, value added / gross output (VA/GO) reached 0.53 times. The survey results also show that, at present, farming households are facing many difficulties and obstacles such as capital, techniques, models and suitable farming formulas, and the government's support policies are limited. However, all households have the tendency to develop polyculture, bmiting nsks compared to monoculture of shrimp, gradually towards cultivating and developing fi-eshwater fishenes towards commodity.
Keywords: Quang Dien, hsh, tesh water, effective, income, aquaculture.
Ngu6i phdn bien: GS.TS. Nguyin Van Song Ngdy nhdn bdi: 17/01/2020
Ngdy tiidng qua phdn bi^n: 17/02/2020 Ngdy duyet dang: 24/02/2020
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020 133
