D . \ N H G U H I E U QUA K I N H TE T C TRONG S A N X E N LA(
T.\I HUYEN P H C C A T , T I N H B i N H D I N H Do Thanh Djnh'. Biii Thj PhUdng Loa:
Vu Thi H i n g
•A I h l ' . I Ngan'
TOM T A T
San xuat ndng nghiip ddng vai trd rat quan trpng trong phat trien kinh te tai tinh Binh Djnh, tuy i liln o-mg phii ddi mat \ cJi nhflng thich thUc to Idn do nhflng tic ddng tieu cUc ciia biln ddi khi hau gay ra. Trong ^. n xen I9C d xi Cat Hi|p, huyln Phii Cit. tinh Binh Djnh dUtfc coi la mpt biln phap thich Ung quan trpng de giiip nong dan giim thieu rui ro do tac dpng ciia bien doi khi hau. Cac nghiin cUu cho thay, trdng sin xen l^c lam tang nang - "it cua ci lac vi sdn; nangsuat san binh quin dat 23,13 tan/ha, nang suat lac binh quan dat 4,19 tan/ha; giam chi phi phin bdn.
glim vi|c sfl dung thudc trfl sau cho san, cii thien bao vl dat, va han chi rfla trdi, suy thoai. Ve hilu qui kinh te, md hinh trdng sin xen lac co doanh thu la 98.615.720 ddng/ha, cao gap 13 Ian so vdi trdng sin dpc eanh. Nghien cflu dl xuat triln khai quy md Idn md hinh trong sin xen lac d nhflng viing dat canh tac kem hi?u qui, dat thoai hda, cd nguon nude tUdi.
Tfl khda: Bien ddi khi hau, trdng xen, sin. lac, Binh Dinh I. DAT VAN DE
San li mpt trong nhflng cay trdng chu Iflc cua tinh Binh Djnh, theo quy hoach, den nam 2020, dinh hudng din nam 2030, tinh nay se phat tnen dn dinh 1 l.OOOha sin. Theo thdng ke eua Sd Ndng nghiep va Phit triln ndng thdn tinh Binh Djnh, den nam 2019 di|n tich sin ciia tinh Ii 13.813 ha, di Idn ban so vtfi di?n tich quy hoach (Dat Thinh Nhan, 2019). Sd di di|n tich sin tang manh li do sin de trdng, it phii cham sdc, chi phi dau tu thap, de thu bo^cb, dl ehl bien (Nguyin Thanh PhUOng, 2011).
Tuy nhiln, neu phit trien trdng sin mpt cich 6 at, nhat li trong bdi cinh ed nhieu dien biln phflc tap vl khi h^u se dan den nguy ca thoai hda dat va nhilu rui ro do tac dpng cua biln ddi khi hiu.
Xa Cit Hi|p, huy|n Phu Cit, tinh Binh Dinh li xi di tien phong trong viec ip dyng md hinh trdng san xen l^c thich flng vdi biln ddi khi hiu. Ban dau md hinh chi dp dung d xa Cat Hi|p, sau dd md rdng d cac xi lan c^n va den nay, trln toan huyln cd 6/18 xa, thj tran san xuat san xen lac vdi hon 1.100 ha; trong dd. CIC xa cd diln tich trong khi nhU Cit Hiep 560 ha. Cat Hanh va Cat Trinh deu 220 ha. Tuy nhien, de cd CO sd khoa hpc nhan rdng md hinh nay thich iing vdi bien ddi khi hau can phii cd cac phin tich sau ve tinh thich Ung vdi bien doi khi hiu, hi|u qua kinh t l de vfla mang lai gii tn kinh t l cho ndng din, ddng thdi gdp phan vio myc tieu phit triln ndng nghiep ben vflng.
\'Pi nhflng yeu cau tren, nghien cflu "Dinh gia hieu qui kmh te tfl trdng san xen lac thich flng vdi bien ddi khi hiu tai huyln Phu Cit, tinh Binh Dinh"
dua trln cac danh gia, phan tich chi phi lpi ich (CBA)
hfldng den muc tieu khuyen cao nhan rpng md hinh nay trong ke hoach thich flng ciia dia phUtfng vi nganh doi vdi san xuat ndng nghiep.
II. DOI Tl/ONG VA PH0ONG P H A P NGHlfiN CtfU 2.1. Ddi tUtfng nghien cflu
Doi tupng nghien cflu: Cay san va ciy lac, h^
thdng trdng xen eanh 2.2. PhUtfng phap nghien ciifu 2.2.1. PhUdngphdp chgn mdu dieu tra
Tai xa dieu tra lUa chpn ngau nhien 30 h0 trdng sin xen lac va 10 hd trdng san dpc canh (ddi chflng) dl tiln hinh phdng van trUc tiep thu thap cac thdng tin dinh gii hilu qui kinh te. Bang cau hdi dUpe xay dflng tren cO sd tham van chuyen gia tfl B0 Ndng nghiep vi PTNT vi T6 chflc Luong thflc va Ndng nghiip Liln Hiep Qude (FAO).
2.2.2. PhUdngphdp thu thdp vdphdn tich a) PhUdngphdp thu thdp solieu
- Dfl lieu thfl cap nhu hien trang sfl dung dat dai, canh tac cay trong, tic dpng eua biln ddikhi hau tai d!a phflong dupc thu thap tfl ngudn so lilu thdng n i r ^ n « ""^"^ "^*^*!P "" ™ T tinh Binh Dinh nam 2018, ehinh quyen dia phuong xi Cpt Hi'^n
huyln Phu Cat, tinh Binh Djnh. •^' - Thu thip dfl lilu thuc dia: Bine can 1,A- A ,-.
thiet kl sin. cd dilu tra thfl duoc"a . - - th^p sd lilu vdi cac thdng so '^""^ ^' ^^"
+ Thdng tin chung cua hd gia ,]inh t'--
boat dpng san xuat eay trdng. va. . ' " ' ^ g t i n v l
^___^__ " ' ' ' • ' ' • ' k h a c . . . ' \'ien Mdi trUdng Ndng nghiip, Viln Khoa hpc Ndng nghi|p Vi|t Nam
'r Xa^ djnh bi|n phap thich flng: Ten cac bien [rfiip, nhflng ly do khi ap dyng, danh gia tinh kha thl ciia cdng ngh|; Nhin ra va danh gia rui ro khi ap dyng ky thuat (rui ro dau ra, rui ro dau vao, nii ro mdi trfldng); Ning suat cay trdng; Nhan thflc vi thai d$ cua cic hp gia dinh ddi vdi bien ddi khi hiu...
+ Danh gii chi phi • lpi ich: Chi phi co djnh (Chi phi sfla chfla chung, dau tfl thiet bj); Chi phi bien ddi (Chi phi chuan hi dat, gidng, phan bdn, lim cd, chi phi quin ly dich hai, thuy Itfi, thu hoach, bao vl, chim sdc ddng rupng...); Xac dinh ipi ich khi ap dyng ky thuat (lpi ich kinh te; lpi ich mdi trfldng; Itfi ichxah^i...).
+ Uu diem, nhflpc diem, thach thflc tfl ndng dan khi ip dung ky thuat: Danh gia cac rao can hen quan khi ip dyng ky thu^t, kien thflc va de xuat cua ndng din ve tilm nang ky thuit trong thich flng vdi sfl bien doi, riii ro lien quan den bien ddi khi hau...
b) PhUdng phdp phdn tich ldi ich - chi phi Thong tin dau vao de dinh gia lpi ich cua viec trdng sin xen lac bao gdm:
- Chi phi khi canh tie gdm cd: Chi phi hat gidng;
Chi phi vl phan bdn: Phan hflu co, phan xanh, phan v6 ctf; Chi phi thuoe trfl sau; Chi phi nhan cdng (lam dat; gieo hat, kiem soat sau benh, ed dai, vi thu ho?ch). Do dd, chi phi khi ap dung md hinh canh tac dupc fldc tinh nhfl sau:
Trong do: C Id chi phi cua md hlnh canh tdc; c^
Id chi phi thdnh phdn dUdc sif dung trong qud trinh sdn xudt cay trongii Id so chi phi thdnh phdn; t Id so khodng thdi gian (ndm); r Id ldi sudt chiet khau.
- Lpi ich khi ap dung md hinh canh tie: Lpi ich dupe dinh nghia la tat ca cac kit qua dau ra tfl san xuat cay trdng va dflpc Udc tinh dfla tren phfltfng trinh sau:
Bi (l+r)t [2]
Trong do: B Id ldi ich khi dp dung ky thudt; B^ Id ldi ich thdnh phdn nhU ndng sudt thu hoach, trao doi du lUdng cdy trong; r Id ty le chiet khau; t Id khodng thdi gian
- Phin tich CBA: Phan tich CBA dfla tren so sanh gifla ty I| ehi phi va lpi ich (CBR); Ipi ich rdng (NPV).
LtfiichrdnglNPV):
^ * - ' (l+r)' ^ t = i ^^^^y 14)
Ty 1? lpi ich va chi phi (BCR): BCR = [3]
2.2.3. PhUdng phdp xii[ ly so lieu
Sd lieu trong cac phieu dieu tra thu thap thdng tin dflpc nhap va xil ly tren Excel va phan mem xfl ly thdng ke SPSS.
2.3. Thdi gian va dia diem nghiin cflu Nghien cflu dupc thflc hiln tfl thing 3 den thing 12 nam 2018. Dieu tra, thu thap thdng tin tai xi Cat Hiep, huyln Phii Cat, tinh Binh Dinh.
III. KET QUA \ A THAO LUAN
3.1. Danh gia kha nang thich flng vdi hien ddi khi hau cua ky thuat canh tic sin xen lac tai xa Cit Hiep, huyen Phii Cat, tinh Binh Dinh
Theo sd lieu dieu tra thUc dia nim 2018, 80%
so hd dflpc hdi danh gii md hinh trdng sin xen l^ic rat thich hpp vdi dilu ki|n khi hau va dat dai dja phflong.Vl thdi tiet khd han, ning ndng, xa mfltfng thuy Itfi, dat cit. it nude nln chi ed the trdng sin vi cay san chju dUoc ning. Lac li cay trdng chiu dUpc ban nhung khdng chiu dUpc ung nln vi^c ap dyng md hinh nay trong thue tl khdng khd, nhit li vdi dieu kiln thd nhudng chu ylu dat cit pha de thoit nUdc nhu d cae xa phia Tay huy|n Phu Cit. Trdng lac xen sin thi ca 2 loai ciy trong deu t^n dung dupc dp am, dinh dfldng nen sinh trUdng vi phit trien tdt. Dfldi dat nhd re lan rpng. trln cao tin ciy che phu lam cd dai khd phat trien nln it bd cdng chim sdc hon so vdi khi trdng rieng tflng loai cay. So vdi ddc canh san, trdng san xen lac ed rat nhieu Uu diem duoc md ta chi tilt qua cac bien phap ky thuat trong qui trinh canh tac:
- Lam dat: Cic hd gia dinh trdng san xen lac thudng lim dat tfl 2 - 3 lan, cay vd trUdc khi trdng I thing, cay trd trfldc khi trdng 3 ngay va 100% eo gidi hda khau lam dat cho toan bd diln tich trdng trong dd cd tdi 90% cac hd thul khoan lam dat bang may vdi don gii 1.200.000 ddng/ha/lan. Dit sau khi dflOC eay, bfla ky Ii xudng gidng ngay, ed the trdng san trfldc sau dd tria lac, hoac tria lac trfldc sau dd trdng san va cung cd the vfla tria lac vfla trdng sin.
Vdi cac hd trdng sin doe canh, do dat xau htfn, chi cd 20% so hp thul may lam dat, cdn lai nhieu hp chfla CO gidi hda trong khau lam dat. tU cay bfla nen tdn nhieu cdng lao ddng gia dinh, lUpng cdng nay ba con ndng din fldc tinh ra khi Idn tfl 30 - 46,6 cdng lam dat cho 1 ha.
iQpcn.h'-oano: ,^-'-j . ^ \ . - ,ngi .-.- . t:^-:"' • ~<"
- Thdi vu, gidng sii dung Cac hp trdng sin xen Uc thUtfng trdng vao cudi thing 3. dau thing 4 bat dau vao mua mUa, gieo hat lac trUdc, trdng bom sin sau, khi cay lac ra la that mdi trdng bom san de tranh thu anh sang trong thdi kS- cav -.an cdn nhd cho cav l^c phat tnen. Trong khi cic hp trdng san ddc canh khdng ehu dpng dUpe mua vu, phu thupc vio trdi mua.
+ Ddi vdi gidng sin: Cie hp trdng sin xen lac deu dung gidng sin cao sin KM94 -.ach benh (khdng bj benh chdi rdng), ning suat binh quin: 23.13 tan/ha.
Trong khi cac hd trdng sin ddc canh chu yeu sfl dyng gidng sin cu, gidng chfla sach b|nh. khdng de dupc bom gidng phai di mua.
+ Ddi \((i gidng lac: Cac giong I^c: HL25 nang suat t,l3 tan/ha dflpc sfl dyng nhilu nhit chiem 50%; L14 nang suat 4.16 tan/ha dupe sU dyng 20%;
Ngoii ra cdn cac gidng nhU: lyc se, md kel. lac ly.
- Phan bdn: TU kel qua dilu tra thdng ke dupc lupng phin bdn binh quan tac hp trdng sin xen l^c vi sin dpc eanh (ddi chflng) sfl dung trinh bd\ trong bang I.
Bang I. Lupng phan bdn dUpc sfl dung cua cdc hp trdng sin xen lac va sin ddc canh tai xi Cat Hi|p.
huyln Phil Cit, tinh Binh Djnh nim 2018 Sin Sin
Vdi cic hp trdng sin dpc canh
TT Lupng phan bdn xen lac 455.7
6,3 dpc canh
%
chenh 1 ^ 333,3
5,6 1 Vdi (kg/ha)
Phan chudng, phan hflu co (lan/ha)
Phdn hda hoc (Phdn ddn nguyen chdt) 3 N (kg/ha) 89.4 204.6 -57%
P.O. (kg/ha) lo:,S 77,9 32%
I K;0 (kg/ha) 130.9 67,8 93%
Phin hflu cd VI sinh ,_. „
" (kg/ha)_ -'•^•" _
.Vi,'i<i'>fj- Bill 77ii Phuong Loan vd cdng tdc vien (2019b).
\oi cac hp trdng sin xen lac: TrUdc khi trdng bdn Idt vdi binh quan 455,71 kg/ha de cai tao dat va giam dp chua cua dat sau mdi vu khai thic. Cic hp trdng sin xen lac diu su dyng phin chudng vi phan hda hpc, ngoai ra cd 1.^% cac hp dung thim ei phin hUu ctf \i sinh. Lupng phin bdn cho ca sin va lac tren I ha nhu sau: 6.31 tan phin chudng, 89kg phan dam Ure, 103 1^ phin Kali, l.^lkg lan. NgUdi din bdn ddng thdi cho c^ sin vz lac Bon Idt loan bp phan chudng, cdn phin hda hpc thi chia lam 2 - 3 lan bdn.
148
nag):
ph.\n LUpng phin bdn cho I ha gdm co
chudng dung de bdn Idt toan bp, ngf ''-^ ''^^
loai phin: 205 kg dam, 7S kg Ian. P.'^ '^^ '-''' '•'^'^
lam 2 lan bdn; 100% so hp khdng dune pliJ'^ hflu CO Vl sinh.
• TUdi nfldc: Cic hp trdng sin xen lac t.u xa Cat Hi|p rat thuan tien lay nUdc tu cic cdng trinh thuy loi. Lac cd thdi gian sinh trUdng chi 2,5 - 3 thing vi dupc thu hoach trfldc, trong khi san cd thdi gian sinh trfldng khoang 11-12 thing. Tuy nhien, trong lac can tfldi am lien tuc 2 - 3 ngay mpt lan, vi vay sd lan tudi trung binh cho cay sin trong xen lac li 24,1 lan, tap trung chu yeu tfl luc trdng den liic thu hoach lac, khi thu hoach lac xong thi khdng tfldi nfldc nfla ma chi tfldi d thdi diem thu hoach sin, do chu dpng ve nfldc tfldi nen cay sin du thdi gian sinh trUdng, gii cu, to cii, it cu hon. Cdc hp trdng san ddc canh chfla cd he thdng cdng trinh thuy lpi dfla nfldc tdi nen cay sin hoan toan khdng tfldi, smh trfldng phy thupc hoin toan vao nfldc trdi, khdng chu dpng vl mua vu. ciy sin khdng du thdi gian sinh trfldng nln cu bl vi it eu htfn so vdi md hinh trong san xen lac.
- Nang suit thu hoach: Cac hp trong sin xen lac tren cung mpt di|n tich canh tac thu ho?ch dflpc 2 lan ca sin vi lac, nang suat sin binh quan d^t 23,13 tan/ha cao hon 14% so vdi cae hd trdng sin dpc eanh chi 20 tan/ha, ning suat lac binh quan dat 4,19 tan/ha mang lai hi|u qua kinh te vflpt trpi htfn so vdi trdng sin dpc canh. Khdng nhflng the, 2 cay trdng sin va lac phit trien tfltfng ho lan nhau nen deu sinh trfldng tdt, lam giam sau benh. giam thudc trfl siu, giim phan hda hpc, it ed dai hpn. Nhd tan dung khdng gian cua cay sin thdi ky dau chUa khep tin nln ciy lac cd so hat chac cao, trong khi dd, cay sin phat trien dUa vio dd am cay lac mang lai, du thdi gian tich luy (11 - 12 thing) ham Iflong tinh bdt sin cao so vdi cic hp trdng sin dpc canh.
Sau khi thu hoach, ngudn phu pham tfl cay lac dflpc ngfltf. dan viii lap xudng dat lim phan xanh giup ting chat lUtfng dat nhd kha ning cung cap dam cua ciy lac (tfl not san d rl vi xdc ciy lac sau thu hoach), giam dupc su bac mau, lam dSt toi xdp thoi gian canh tic dat dupc liu dai, gdp phan bao vl tai nguyen dat. giup qui trinh canh tdc bin ^
dim bdo moi trUdng. I vflng.
3^2 Dinh gia hieu qua, chi phi . ,„, j . ^ , 4 ^ ^
thuat canh tac sin xen lac ' Til ket qua dieu tra khao sat chi pl„ _ |„, J^L
qua trinh canh tac cua mo hlnh tning i4n xen 1 ""^
sin dpc canh (doi chiing) vdi cat chi phi dutjc t"^ ^h
lapch, Khoa noc Cc 'jcrynghiep \ ici Nam - Sc ' bay trong nghien cflu niy la nhflng chi phi dupc chi
tra bing tien, khdng tinh cdng lao ddng gia dinh do cdng lao dpng gia dinh di kit tinh trong gia trj
san pham va ngfldi dan khdng phai bd tiln. \T v^y, da phan tich danh gia vl chi phi hieu qui kmh te mang Iai khi ip dyng gidi phip nhu sau:
Bang 2. Hi|u qui kmh te ca nim cua md hinh trdng san xen lac va sin ddc canh tai xa Cat Hiep, huyen Phu Cat, tinh Binh Djnh nam 2018
(doi chflng) K h o a n m u c
i (»
chi phi c6 djnh va may m o c Lam dat
Chi phi gieo trong
Chi phi phan chuong. phan hflu CO Chi phi phan h6a hQC
Phan VI sinh, kich cu v^ chat dieu hoa sinh trU6ng Chi phi [am c6
ThuSc BVTV Chi phi tudi Chi phi thu ho^ch V4t lieu r^ tien mau hong
Phi b i o ve noi dong iWngchl(C)
TSng Ihu (B)
Ty le ldi ich vd chi phi (BCR)
\ Ldi nhuan (NPV)
Ngudn: Bui Thi Phuong Loan vd cdng tdc vien (2019b, San xen lac
4.138 798
m
2.845.333 7.993.697 272.667 7.502.386 200.000 556.000 866.264 1.045.438 1.580.952 160.333
27.161.869 125.777.589
4.63 98.615.720 1.
San Ddi chijlng (3) 7 473 5«5
789.000 280.000
8 440.400
200.000 40.000
260.000 120.000
J7.602.9S5 25.J70.000 1.43 7.567.0J5
C h e n h lech (42=(2)-(3) (3.334.788)
2.056.333 7 713.697 272.667 (938,014)
200.000 356.000 826.264 j 1.045.438 1.320.952 40.333
9.558.883 100.607.589 10,53 91.048.706
- 6 khau lim dat: Chi phi binh quan cua cac hp trdng san xen lac la: 2.845.333 ddng/ha cao gap 3,6 lin so vdi cdc hd trdng sdn ddc canh.
- Chi phi gieo trong: Vdi cdc hd trdng sin xen lac thi chi phi gieo trdng tflong ddi cao do ngfldi din deu phdi di mua gidng lac cd gid tfl 30.000 - 38.000 ddng/kg nen binh quan chi phi gieo trdng la:
7.993.697 ddng/ha cao gap 96% so vdi cdc hd trong sin dpc canh (ddi ehflng).
- Chi phi phin hda hpc: Vdi cae hp trdng sin ddc canh, khi trdng san qua vai vy se khien dat thoai hda, bac miu, nen phai sfl dung lUtfng phan hda hpc nim sau nhieu htfn nam trUdc. Tuy nhien, vdi cic hp trdng san xen lac thi ba eon tin dung phan than vi la cua lac sau khi thu hoach che phii hoac vui vio gdc sSn lim cho dat xop, thoang, cii san de phat trien, cdc vi sinh vat hflu ich sinh ra khi than va la he phin hiiy, lam cho dat khdng bi cdn cdi cho nen chi phi sfl dyng phan hda hpe bdn eho cd lac vi san la 7.502.386 dong/ha it hon so vdi cac hp trdng sin dpc eanh la 13%.
- Chi phi phan vi sinh, kich cii va chat dieu hda sinh trUdng: \'di cac hp trong sdn xen lac binh quan
chi phi la 200.000 ddng/ha, trong khi dd 100% cie bd trdng sin ddc eanh deu khdng sfl dung.
- Chi phi lam cd: Vdi cie hp trdng sin xen lac khi cay lac phit triln se bao phu be mat dat nen ban che dflOc lupng ed dai phit trien, tiet kilm dfltfc chi phi lam ed, binh quin chi phi lam cd li 556.000 ddng/ha, eao gap 2,78 lin so vdi cac hd trdng san dpc canh, do nhieu bd trdng san ddc canh khdng lim ed trong qui trinh canh tic.
- Chi phi thudc bio ve thflc vat: Cdc hd trdng sin xen lac phun thudc bio vl thUc vat chu ylu trong thdi gian sinh trfldng cua ciy lac vdi chi phi li: 866.264 ddng/ha; trong khi dd cie hd trdng san dpc eanh hau nhfl khdng phun, de mac san sinh trfldng tfl nhiln.
- Chi phi tudi nfldc: Chi phi tfldi nUdc binh quan cua md hinh trdng sin xen lac li 1.045.438 ddng/ ha, nfldc tfldi chu yeu sfl dyng trong giai doan sinh trudng cua cay lac. 100% cac hp trdng san dpc eanh khdng tudi nUdc.
VI tdng thu: 0 nhflng hd dp dung ky thuat trdng san xen lac. nang suat lac binh quan dat 41,9 ta/ha, vdi gii bdn 23.000 ddng/kg, nang suat sin binh quan
dat 23,2 tan/ha, gia ban 1.260 ddng/kg: doanh thu trdng sin xen lac binh quan dat 125.^ ?S^ ddng/
ha/Mj, trong khi cac hp trdng sin ddc canh nang suat dat 20 tan/ha nen doanh thu thap htfn chi dat 25.170.000 ddng/ha.
\ e tdng ehi: \i(i cic hp ap dung ky thuit trdng sin xen lac, tong chi binh quan ta 27.161 870 ddng/
ha cao hon 35% so vdi cac hd trdng san ddc canh la 17.602.985 ddng/ha.
\'c lpi nhuin: Lpi nhuin cua cdc hp trdny sjn xen I9C khdng tinh cdng lao ddng gia dinh sau khi trfl di tat ca chi phi Ii 98.615.720 ddng/ha cao gap 13 lan so vdi cic hp trdng sin dpc canh la 7.567.015 ddng/ha.
Vdi kit qua dat dflOc, md hinh trdng ^an xen lac da nang eao nang suat, chat lupng, giim chi phi san xuat, ting hilu qua kmh tl tren cung dtf n vi dien tich so vdi trdng sin dpc canh, ning cao ddi sdng cho ngfldi din, cii thi|n chit lupng dat ddng thdi gdp phan dn djnh va phat trien bin vflng vung nguyin li^u sin phyc vy cho cdng nghi|p che biln cua tinh.
3.3. De xuat m^t sd giai phap nhan rdng md hinh canh tac sdn xen lac
Mdhinh trdng sin xen lac mang l^ihilu qui kinh ic eao, ddng thdi cd tie dyng cii tao va bdo ve dat dai. h^n che rfla trdi, thodi hda djl. de md rdng cac di|n tich trdng sin xen lac can phii xem xet den cdc gidi phdp nhfl sau:
- Giai phip ve ky thuat: Lam dat ky, bdn phin day du, nhat Ii bdn Idt, len ludng de trdng vdi khoing each vi m4t dp thich hpp, sao cho moi c j \ trong diu tin dung dupe khdng gian dinh dfldng (inh sing, khdng khi, dat) dl sinh trUdng va phat trien dat ning suit cao, chat Iflpng tdt.
- Cung cap gidng mdi cd kha ning chju dupc siu b|nh, cho ning suit cao htfn phu hpp vdi dieu ki|n tai dja phUtfng.
- Td chflc cic ldp tip huan ky thuat trdng sin xen l?e vi kv thuat bdn phin de giam bac mau eho dat, ky thu4t ning cao vl bio ve thuc vit va phdng trfl sau b|nh eho lac va san flng phd vdi biln ddi khi hau.
- Dau tu xay dUng he thdng kinh mUtfng dan nfldc tfl ddng cao xudng ddng thap, ning cap cac he thdng cdng trinh thuy Ipi. dua nUdc tUdi den vdi cic di|n tich canh tac
- Chinh quyen dia phUtfng t^o dieu ki|n cho ngUdi dan dflpc vay vdn flu dai, lai suat thap d l dau tu san xuat, thu tyc nhanh gon. Binh dn gii vit tU va
dim bao dau ra dn dinh, dam bio qu"'' "'^"
dan khi ky kit gii ea vdi cic cdng tv r . • W. KET 11 AN
Ky thuat trdng sin xen l^c phu hpp \ .M dieu ki^n canh tdc, thd nhfldng, trinh dp nh^n thUi. ciui ngUdi din tai dja phflong. Ket qui dilu tra cho thiy trdng sin xen lac cd hieu qua vUpt trdi so vol cac hp trdng san dpc canh. Doanh thu trdng sdn xen lac binh quin dat 125.777.589 dong/ha, sau khi trfl ehi phi khdng tinh cdng lao dpng gia dinh thi cdn lai 98.615.720 ddng/ha cao gap 13 lan so vdi trdng sin dpc canh.
Khi trdng san xen lac thi ca 2 loai cay trdng niy deu sinh trfldng, phdt tnen tdt, cho nang suit va chat lupng cao htfn so vdi nhflng rupng trdng sdn dpc canh, gdp phan eii tao dat, lam dit ttfi xdp htfn, giup cho cay trdng cd du dp am sinh trfldng va phdt trien Idt hon trong dieu kiln han.
Tfl nhflng lpi ich mang lai, cd the thay vi?c trong sin xen l^e gdp phan quan trpng trong vile thuc day phit triln kinh tl xa hpi, mdi trUdng thich flng vdi biln ddi khi hiu, can flu tien ngudn Iflc ho trp ve h | thdng cdng trinh thuy lpi, tip huan cie tien bO ky thugt cho hp trdng sdn nhin rdng md hinh sdn xen Igc d cdc vung dat cdt, dat kilt de nang cao nang lUc thich flng vdi bien ddi khi hau.
LOI CAM ON
Bai vilt la mpt phan trong npi dung nhi^m vy:
"Khao sat dinh gia thUc trang, hieu qua, ton tai ve ky thu^t, chinh sach dl xic djnh cac giai phip, noi dung cho xiy dflng ke hoach thich flng vdi bien doi khi hau eiia nganh eho ke hoach thich flng qudc gia ve biln ddi khi hau phuc vu xiy dUng ke hoach thich Ung qudc gia (NAPs) cho nganh ndng nghiep, ndng thdn" thudc dfl in NAPs (UNFA/GLO/616/UND).
Nhdm tac gii xin chin thanh cam on dfl dn NAP- Ag do FAO vi Bp Ndng nghiep va PTNT, Sd Ndng nghiep vi PTNT tinh Binh Djnh, huyln Phu Cat da hd trp cho nghiin cflu nay
TAILIEUTHAMKHAO
Dat Tlhanh Nhin, 2019. Cdnh bdo tinh trang cdy my phdt trien o at: truy cip ngiy 10/4/2019 Dia chi- http://baodantoc.com vn/kmh-te-xa-boi/cay-mi-
phat-trien-o-at.html ' Nguyin Thanh Phuoni; jni 1 vr., „„• „ , .. , ,
.il -. . .. ., , '^'•"l"^ nghiin cflu ky ihuat xen cay dau do vol sin iren vung dat rit .ink Binh Dmh. Tap chi Khoa ho. „. f ZnlSi^
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Sd Nong nghiip va Phat trien Nong thdn tinh Binh Bui Thi Phuong Loan, Do Thanh Dtnh, Nguyen Thu Dinh.2018. Bio cio tinh binh sin xuat ndng nghiep Thuy, Hoang Thi Ngan, Tran Van The. 2019b.
nim 2017. Cost Benefit Anaiysi.'. (CBA) of Climate Change Quyet dinh Sd: 2663/QD-UBND ngiy 28 thing 7 nam Adaptation Strategies on Crop Production Systems 2015 cua UBND tinh Binh Dinh vl vi|c phe duylt and selected adaptation measures for the crop- quy hogch phat trien trdng trpt tinh Binh Dinh din sector Final Actnin- Report 5 under Project, nim 2020 va dmh budng din nim 2030.
Economic efficiency of intercropping peanut with cassava in Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province
Do Thanh Dinh, Bui Thi Phuong Loan, Tran \an The, Vu Thi Hang, Hoang Thi Ngan Abstract
Agricultural production in Binh Dinh province plays a pivotal role and has been facing tremendous challenges due to negative impacts of climate change. The intercropping peanuts with cassava in Cat Hiep commune, Phu Cat district, Binh Dinh province was considered as a significant adaptation measure to help farmers reducing the risk and impact of climate change. The result showed that the intercropping peanuts with cassava increased yield of both peanuts and cassava; the average cassava yield reached 23.13 tons/ha, the average peanut v-ield reached 4.19 ton.s /ha; reducing the tost of fertilizer and pesticide use; improving, protecting soil and restraining washout, soil degradation. In terms of economic efficiency, the model of growing cassava with peanut had the revenue of VND 98,615,720 VND/ha, which was 13 times higher than that of cassava monoculture. The study recommends a large - scale deployment of the intercrop model of peanuts with cassava in poorly cultivated, degraded lands and well irrigation.
Keywords: Climate change, intercropping, cassava, peanut, Binh Dinh
Ngiy nhan bii: 20/8/2019 Ngfldi phdn bien: PGS. TS Nguyen Huy Hoang Ngay phin bi|n: 2/9/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 9/9/2019
MAT SO Pseudomonas spp. VA TONG SO VI SINH VAT HIEU KHl T R £ N C A R 6 P H I PHI LE KHI BAO QUAN 6 N H I £ T DQ THAP
Nguyen Thi Kieu Diem'-^, Nguyen Thuy Van Duyen^ Mai Tlij Tuyet Nga' T 6 M TAT
Nghien ciiu n h ^ muc dich theo doi mat so Pseudomonas spp. va tong so vi smh vat hieu khi (TVC) trong qua trinh bao quan lanh ca ro phi phi le cl 5 che dp nhiet dp on dmh (1, 4, 9, 15 va 19 ± 1°C) va 2 che do nhi?t dp bien dpng m6 ph6ng phan cuoi cua chuoi cung ling. Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay luong TVC trong ca ro phi phi le khi hft lh6i han bao quan d nhiet do 1 ± 1°C la sau 144 gid la 1,1 > 107 CFU/g, 4 ± TC sau 48 gi6 la 2,4 » 106 CFU/g.
Mjt so TVC viipt ngiidng cho phep .sau th6i gian bao quan 6 cac che dp: 9 ± 1 C 24 gid; 15 ± l^C 24 gid va 19 ± 1°C 20 gid tuong ling la 1,47 x 10' CFU/g, 1,83 x 10' CFU/g, 1,28 « 10" CFU/g. Trong khi mat sp Pseudomonas spp. d che dd bao quan 1,4,9, 15 va 19 ± 1 "C tai cac thdi diem 144; 48; 24; 24; 20 gid tuong ilng la 3,62 x 10<; 2,17 . 10';
4,43 X 10"; 2,68 x 10'; 1,55 x 10' CFU/g. 6 2 che dp nhiet dp bien dpng, lupng Pseudomonas spp. va TVC tang khi sif nhiel dp cua moi trildng xung quanh tang. Thdi han sil dung cho phi le ca ro phi dupc bap quan d che dp nhi?t dp bie'n ddng 1 14 dudi 32 gid, d che dp nhiet dp bien dpng 2 la dUdi 50 gid, d cac thdi diem nay lupng TVC nam trong gidi h?n cho phep khi ket thiic qua trinh bao quan {<10* CFU/g).
Til khda: Bao quan lanh, ca ro phi phi le, Pseudomonas spp.. tong sd vi sinh vat hieu khi
I. DAT VAN DE trd thanh mot trong nhiing nganh kinh te mui nhpn Trong nhang nam gan day, nganh thuy san cua cua dat nilcic, dac biet la viing Dong bang song Cilu Viet Nam da co nhOng bildc phat trien manh me. Long (DBSCL). -\Id rpng thi trUdng vi da dang hoa ' Khoa Cong nghe Thuy sin, TrUdng Cao dang Kinh te - Ky thuat Can Thd
^Khoa Cdng ngh? ThUc pham, Tnidng Dai hpc Nha Trang
