TAP cui CONS THIfdNG
ANH Hl/CfNG CUA DU LICH
DEN CUOC SONG CUA NGl/Cfl DAN TREN DIA BAN TP. TRA VINH, TINH TRA VINH
• LE QUI THANH - MAI THUY DUNG - N G U Y I N TAN THANH
TOM TAT:
Day Id mdl nghien cffu nh^m dieu tra anh hffdng cua du lich den cupc sd'ng cua ngffdi dan (CSND) tren dia biin TP. Tra Vinh. tmh Tra Vinh. Ket qua cho thay, du lich cd tac ddng tich cu'c den CSND tai ndi day. Ne'u xet rieng tffng nhdm. dd'i vdi cdc bie'n cu the nhff: Mdi trffdng. Vdn hda. Thu nhap.... cung dffdc ngffdi dan ddnh gia la tich cu'c va hdn he't nd cd tde dOng ty le thuan de'n sff nhan dinh chung ve CSND dffdi anh hffdng cOa du lich, ma trong dd viin hda anh hffdng nhieu nhii't. Ket qua cua nghien cffu nii> se la cd sd cho cdc ddn vi cd lien quan dffa ra nhffng giai phdp giup cii thien chat Iffdng CSND.
'Tii khoa: Du lich. cudc sd'ng ngffdi dan. tinh Tra Vinh, mdi trffdng, thu nhap, vdn hda.
LDat vande
Tra Vinhcd nhieu tiem nang va ldi the'de phat inen du lieh. Mdi trffdng iff nbien tuv cdn hoang sd nhffng rat thich hdp de khdch du lich kham pha.
trai nghiem. Qud trinh hinh thiinh vii phat trien cua eac dan tpc tinh Tra Vmh gan lien vdi cac dac diem smh sdng, lao ddng. van hda. chtia chien va tdn guio. Tff dd, tao nen nhffng phong tuc tap quan rat phong phu va da dang ciia ngffdi dan ndi da>
Dd la nhffng iai nguyen quan trpng de tinh Tra Vinh ngav eang phdt trien du lieh.
Bdng hinh thffc phdng va'n nga'n khoang 30 ngffdi dan ve anh hffdng ciia du lich vdi ddi sd'ng Clia hp tren nhdm ddi tffdng la ehu cac cd sd boat ddng du Uch v ii ngffdi dan dang sinh sd'ng, hpc tap tai dia phffdng. Kel qua cho tha'y ea 2 nhdm deu ed mdt nhan dinh chung la du lich cd anh hffdng trffc tie'p den ddi sd'ng ciia hp ca lich effc va tieu eife. Nhffng thffc le' phat sinh chi nhffng ddi tffdng ed cd sd hoai ddng kinh doanh mdi hffdng ldi nhuan tff du lich. cdn nhffng ngffdi dan dia phffdng ndi chung thi ddi sdng cdn ha'p benh.
Nsihien cffu anh hffdng eiia Du lich ddi vdi cudc sdng ngffdi dan dia phffdng lii riil quan trpng va cap
thie'l, bdi vi chinh nhffng ngffdi dan dia phffdng ]^
lmh hon, la ye'u to' quan trpng trong viec thu hdi du khach, va ho cung ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec phdt Irie'n du lich ben vffng.
2. Tong quan tinh hinh nghl§n ci?u Du lich la mdt nganh cdng nghidp phffc tap. No cd tde dpng ca tich cffe va lieu cu'c, boac tham chl la hdn hdp. Tuy nhien, iff quan diem qud'c gia, khu vffc hodc quy hoaeh dia phffdng, du lich nen hh trd phal trien CSND [7], Du lich cd nhieu hinh dang vi hinh thffc nhff xa hpi. van hda, kinh te' vd moi trffdng, da lam thay ddi nen kinh te'- xa hpi d nhi^u nffdc dang phat trien [3]. Du Iich la mot ITnh vffc da nganh, la mdl phffdng lien trao doi kinh le^, xa hOi va van hda, nd cd nhieu khia canh va loai hinh [61.
Tang trffdng du Iich mang lai nhffng ldi ich kinh le dangke nhff tao viec lam vd thu nhap bo sung cic3 ndi ma ngffdi dan de'n va ndi ma ngffdi dan sinh so'ng [2] Dd cung la mdt nganh gay ra nhieu hSu qua ve mdi trffdng va xa hoi. Y\ va>. mdt sd'it nhi nghien cffu da giai quyel anh hu'dng cua du Ijch de'n nang cao cha't Iffdng cude sd'ng nhff: Cohen, (1978); Gursoy, Jurowski, & Uvsal, (2002); Kim.
(2002).
112 So 3 - T h a n g 2/2020
QUANTR!-QUANLY
Phat tricn du Iich se cd them nguon thu bo sung dinh dffdng cho cdc bffa an. nudi ban than va gia dinh cua ngffdi lam du lich. cai thien cupc sd'ng ciia ngffdi ngheo vii nang cao dan tri. the lffc cho cdng dong dan cff |8|. Sff hlnh thanh cua du lich sinh thai vffa ddp ffng dffdc nhu cau nghi dffdng, giai tri, vffa dam bao dffdc ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, giff cho mdi trffdng trong sach va giai quye't dffdc va'n dc kinh ic' cho ngffdi dan dia phffdng, gdp phan phdt trien kinh te diit nffdc [9]. Du lich phdt trien ide dpng de'n nhieu linh vffc khde, trong dd cd ddi sd'ng vdn hda - xa hpi. Ddi sd'ng van hda - xa hdi dffdc cai thien nhffng cdc vdn hda ngoai lai cung se ldc ddng de'n edc ban lang vung dan ldc 110].
3. Phffdng phap nghidn cd'u
Tde gia lien hanh he thd'ng boa cac cd sd ly luan lien quan den anh hffdng cua Du lieh dd'i vdi CSND. Sd'lieu sff dung trong nghien cffu nay dffdc Ihu thap tff mpt eude dieu tra bdng bang eiiu hoi, dd'i tffdng thu ihap dff lieu la nhffng ngffdi dan. hd ddn dang sinh sd'ng, hpc tap va lam viec tai TP.
Trii Vinh. tinh Tra Vinh. Chung tdi xay dffng mdt bdng cau hdi vdi 20 bie'n quan sat, Thang do Lik- ci I .'i mffc dp dffde sff dung de do Iffdng cae bie'n ve
"Mdi irffdng sd'ng". "Van hda" va "Thu nhap".
Trong dd, 4 bie'n Hen quan de'n dnh hffdng du lieh, dcn CSND ndi chung cung dffde dffa vao bang cau hdi.
Cdc ihang do dau tien dffdc ddnh gid bdng phffdng phap phan ticb do tin cay. Do tin cay cua ihang do dffdc danh gid bang phffdng phap nhii't hodn npi lai thdng qua he so' Cornbach's Alpha.
Cdc ihang do dat yeu cau ve dp tin cay se dffdc dffa viio phan tich nhan to' kham phd, de nit gpn mpt tap gom nhieu bie'n quan sat sff dung de kiem dinh khai niem cua thang do. Cac nhan to'dffdc rut gpn nay se cd y nghia hdn nhu'ng van chffa dffng hdu het ndi dung thdng tin ciia tap bie'n quan sdt han dau. Sau dd phffdng phap phan tich hdi quy luyen tinh dffdc sff dung de kiem chffng cac nhan Id' "Anh hffdng ciia Du lich de'n CSND". Cdng eu Ihdng ke dffde su" dung de phan lich dff lieu cho nghien cffu luiv la SPSS 21.
4. Ke't qua nghien cii'u
Vdi 200 bang cau hdi da dffdc gffi de'n ngffdi dan. hp ddn mdl each ngSu nhien. Khi thu lai cd 2 phieu khdng hdp le. 198 quan sdt hdp le dffdc sff dung trong nghien effu, chie'm 99% long so' bang eau hdi dffa ra. Bang md ta nhan khau hpc cua ngffdi tra ldi dffdc tdm td't nhff trong Bang 1.
Bang 1. Bang mo td nhan khau hoc Bien khao
sat
Gioi tinh
Dan tpc
Do tuoi
Tinh trang hon nhan
Nghe nhiep
Trinh do
Thdi gian luu tru
Thu^c ttnh Nam
NO Kinh Khmer
Hoa Dudi 20 Tu 20 den 34 Til 35 den 49 Tren 50 Doc than Da CO gia dinh Chua CO viec lam Cdng chue, vien
ChUc Kmh doanh, budn
ban Cdng nhan
Ndng dan Khac Dudi cap 3 Trung cap, Cac
dang Dai hoc Sau dai hdc Dudi 1 nam TO 1 den 5 nam
Tren 5 nam So luong
105 93 160 32 6 13 76 81 28 60 138 18 26 64 24 3 63 2 47 105 44
3 15 180
Tyl#%
53,0 47,0 80,8 16,2 3,0 6,6 38,4 40,9 14,1 30,3 69,7 9,1 13,1 32,3 12,1 1,5 31,8
1,0 23,7 53,0 22,2 1,5 7,6 90,9 NgiiSn: Ket qud xd ly .sdlieu dieu ira, 2019 Ket qua phiin tich dff lieu cho tha'y gia In trung binh cdc bie'n khd cao. Gid tri trung binh thii'p nha't la 4,2 va gia tri cao nha't la 4,5. Rd rang, dieu nay la hdp ly khi ngffdi dan danh gia du lich cd anh hu'dng de'n CSND d mffc trung binh va cao.
Vdi 20 bien quan sat. sau khi thffc hien kiem tra dp tin cay cd 19 bie'n dffdc chap nhan cho phan lich
So 3 - T h a n g 2/2020 113
TAPCHiCdNGTBKONE
Bang 2. He so KMO a n d Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy
Approx. Chi- Square
Bartleti's Test of Sphencity
tiep theo. Trong nghien effu niiv. gia tri Cornbach's Alpha da tinh cho ta'l ca edc tv lc la O.S>2 Do do.
dp tin eay cua nghien effu la idi. dieu do eo nghTa I&
dff lieu dffdc ihu thap bang thang do Liken Id dang tin eav.
Ke't qua kiem dinh KMO va Barllett's Tesi = 0.81 > 0.50 (He sd Sig = 0.000 < 0.05) cho tha'y cac tieu ehi cd lien quan vdi nhau va ed >' nghia. Vj the. viec sff dung md hinh nhiin id dc gom nhdm cde bie'n la thieh hdp. Kei qua kiem dnih KMO vii Bartlett's Test cho tha'y irong Bang 2.
Theo ke't qua dieu tra v ii phiin lieh trong khufln kho ciia nghien cffu nay, ta ed the ke't luan Du lich anh hffdng de'n CSND dffdc tao thanh tff 3 nhom nhan id': Mdi irffdng sd'ng. van hda. thu nhap, ket qua dffdc the hien qua bang ma tran xoay trong Bang 3 va Biing 4.
Bang 3. Bang m a trqn x o a y c u a c a c n h a n t d
Nhdm nhan td Ddi song hanh phue han
Cac loai thue, phi khac 1 Viec lam cho cu dan
Bao tdn van hoa 1 Ou hch anh hudng den cupc sd'ng 1 Thu nhap gia dinh
Chi phi cho cac nhu cau vui choi. giai tri 1 Du l|ch phat tnen thi ddi sdng phat tnen theo
Thu nhap ca nhan 1 Khai thac van hda
Cu dan tff noi khac den luu tnj Du lich lac dong den moi mat
An nmh trong khu vuc j Tinh trang xa hpi trong khu vuc
Ddi sdng lam imh Nhflng ngudi ciing sinh sd'ng Ve smh moi trudng trong khu vUc Caeh thu gom rac thai Irong khu vuc Du khach lu noi khac den tham quan
1 ,909 .893 ,818 .813 ,668
2
,798 ,773 ,769 ,710
1
1
N.gii6 Component
3 i
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,837 ,821 ,703
It. Ki't ijiui xii 4
,770 ,731 ,664 434
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1 M So 3-Ttidng 2/2020
QDAN TRj-qUANLY
Bang 4. Cupc sdng c u a ngUdi d d n chju dnh hudng c u a du ljch
Chl tieu Diem tnjng binh Mffc d$ anh hffcing
1. Moi tnidng Tich cue
An ninh trong khu vyc NhOng ngudi cung sinh sdng V§ smh mdi trudng trong khu vuc Caeh thu gom rac thai trong khu vyc Cu dSn tff noi khac den luu tru Du khach Ifl noi khac den tham quan Tinh trgng xa hpi trong khu vyc 2.V3n hoa
Ddi sdng tam lmh Bao ton van hda Khai thac van hda 3.Thu nh9p Thu nhapca nhan Thu nhap gia dinh Vific lam cho cu dan
Chi phi cho cac nhu cau vui chdi, giai tri Cac logi thue, phi khac
4.28 4.38 4.31 4.40 4.23 4.41 4.43 4.54 4.32 4.42 4.34 4 38 4.36 4 30 4.35
Tich cue Tich cyc Tich cue Tich cyc Tich ci/c Tich cyc Tich cue Tich cue Tich cue Tich cyc Tich cue Tich cyc Tich cyc Tich cyc Tich cyc
NhSn dmh chung ve anh hUdng cua du lich
Tich cue Tich cflc Ngudn: Kel qud .xd ly .sdlieu dieu tra. 2019
Kcl quii phan tich tren cho tha'y, ngffdi dan tren dia biin TP. Tra Vmh, tinh Tra Vinh nhan dinh du lieh lac ddng tieh eifc de'n eupe sd'ng cua hp. Ne'u xel rieng tffng nhdm dd'i vdi cdc bie'n cu the cung dffde ngffdi dan danh gid la tich cu'c. Cd diJeic dieu nay la do ngffdi dan sd'ng trong khu vffc du hch.
nhu eau xua't hien nhieu hdn nen viec budn ban vii kiem vice lam dl dang hdn, cff dan chi can chiu lam Ihi mffc thu nhap tff cd nhan de'n gia dinh da Idng len. qudn an. quay bdn qua lffu niem.... cung xuiil hien nhieu nhdm dap ffng nhu cau cho du khdeh. dem lai nhieu Idi ich cho ngffdi dan. ddi sdng ciing dffde nang cao. Khi du lich xua't hien. y thffc bao ve tai nguyen du lich, bao ve mdi trffdng.
\c sinh mdi irffdng.... cua dia phu'dng ngay cang dffdc nang cao de du khdch trong va ngoai nffdc cd ed hdi chiem ngffdng v e dep eOa dia phffdng.
De xac dinh CSND tren dia ban TP. Tra Vinh, tinh Tra Vinh ehiu anh hffdng cua cac nhan Id'nao tff du lich? Nhdm tac gia sff dung mo hinh Hoi quy tuye'n tinh bdi vdi bie'n phu thupc la Nhan dinh chung ve cudc sd'ng dffdi anh hffdng cua du Iich va bie'n dpc lap la cdc nhan Jd': Mdi trffdng. Van hda, Thu nhap. Ke't qua hoi quy dffdc the hien qua Bang 5.
Phffdng trinh hoi qu}' tujen tinh bdi xem xet sff anh hffdng eua eac nhan td'anh hffdng ciia du lich de'n CSND eho tha'y cac bien ve Mdi trffdng. Van hda, Thu nhap ed ldc dpng ty le thuan de'n sff nhan dinh chung ve cudc sd'ng dffdi anh hffcfng cua du lich, trong dd, nhan td ve Van hda anh hffdng nhidu nha'l. Ke't qua cho thav md hinh cd y nghTa va md hinh se giai thich dffde 63.87r sff bie'n ddng ciia cudc sons chung.
So 3-Thang 2/2020 115
TAP CBi CdNG TlinfNG
Bang 5. Ket qud kiem djnh hdi quy
[Z
Bien pliu thu$c
Bien doc lap
R2 hieu ctiinh Durbin - Watson
Gia tn F Gia tri P (Sig ) Cac bien doc lap
HSng so MOI tnJdng
VSn hoa Thu nhap
1 XV Mdl Trudng X2. Van Hda X3: Thu nhap
0,638 2,060 116,934
0,000 B 0 392 0,074 0,247 0,582
1: Nh$n dinh c
-
T 1,530 1,255 4,242 11,622
liung ve anh hudn
Sig, 0,128 0,211 0,000 0,000
Niiiii'iii. Kl' Q cua du l|ch
Tolerance
0,771 0,568 0,663 / (/;(,; .17? iy si
J
J
VIF
1,296 1,760 1,508 1 iii'tt tlieii Int. 2019
5. Ke't luSn eac ke'i qua eiia edc nghien cffu trffdc; MeCool v;i Kcl qu.i Clia nghien effu niiy eho iha'y du Heh Martin (1994) khdng dinh rang muc dieh cua phdt anh hffdng tieh cffe de'n CSND tren dia ban TP. irien du lich la viec niing cao CSND dia phffdng Trii Vinh. iinh Tra Vinh ihdng qua ede bie'n ve va cdng ddng; Kim (2002) ke't tuan la khi mpl ndi Mdl irffdng. Van hda. Thu nhap. Nhffng ngffdi niio dd trd Ihanh die'm de'n du ljch thi ddi .sd'ng dan khi dffde hdi da khdng dinh manh me rdng cua ngffdi dan irong cdng dong bi anh hffdng bdi du lieh cd nhieu anh hffdng de'n CSND. Du lich du hch, sff hd trd cua ngffdi dan la ra't quan trpng pbdl Iricn sc liim eho eude sd'ng. ddi sd'ng cila hp dd'i vdi cdc hoaeh dinh, sff phdi trien ben vii'ng phdt incn theo. ne'u du Ijeh khdng phdt trien hodc cua du ljch. Ddi sd'ng cua ngffdi dan nen la moi ch.im hay kem phdt tnen. kel qua se ngffdc lai. quan liim chu ye'u cua nhieu nha lanh dao cpng Kcl Ljua cua nghien cffu niiv cung iffdng ffng vdi dong (Aref, 20l())l
T.MMEl IHVMKHVO:
I. Cohen. E (1^78). Impact oJ lounsm cm ilie physical environmeni Annals of Tounsm Re.seaich. 5(2). 215-237.
2 Delibasic. R.. Karlsson. P.. Dmusso. A . . Rodriguez. A., & Yliruusi, H. (2008). Qualiiy of life and lemrism in Bmlec .sko. Reiiieved January, 5.2011.
3. Godlies. K . tC Clarke. J. (2000). The lourism developmenl handbook. A practiced approach lo planning and inarktiin:; Umchn. Ccmiinuum.
4. Gurso\. D.. Jurowski. C. tt iysul. M. 12002). Resident aUilueles: A siruciurcd modelling approach. Annals of TouiismR,s,oreh.29ill 79-105
5. kim. K l20<)2l The eftu is oJ tounsm impacls upan quality ef life residents m the ccjinmuniiv. Vir^-lnia Polvteeliiiic ln\liiuie and State i'ni\cisii\. Blackshui.i:. \'ii:;iniu
6. Moxilorih. M . ^i .Muni 1 120113) Tounsm and Susiainabiliiy. Developmenl and New Tcninsm m 'lu- Third World.
L-'ulon I K HomUd^cPul'li'^hur.:
1 16 So 3 - T h o n g 2/2020
QUAN TRj-QUAN Ly
/.PiicSo.L. & Smith, M 12001). Tourism- specific quality- of- life mde.x: The Budapest model hi M Btidruk & R.
Phillips (Eds.), Qiialilyoflife communily indicators for parks, recreation and lourism Spnm-er.
S .Mf;uyen Vdn Luu (2014). Du lich vd sii phdt trien cua cgng dong, Tgp chi Du lieh.
9. Trdn Thanh \iidn (2012), Anh hifdng cua viec phdt trien du lich sinh llididen ddi sdng cua ngifdi ddn cu luo Tiin QUI I vd Tdn Qui 2 ciia cu lao Tdn Qui thugc xa An Phii Tdn, huyen CduKe. tinh Trd Vinh.
10. Nguyen Tin Hdng Vdn (2007), Tcic dgng cua du Ticb den ddi sdng vdn hda - .xd hgi cua ngUdi Tbdi d Men Chdu - Hoda Binh vd cde gidi phdp phdt trie'n led 4 bcin: Bdn Ldc. bdn Pom Cogng. bdn Vdn. bdn Nhdt.
Ngiiy nh3n bai: 7/1/2020
Ngay phan bi0n danh gia va su'a chiJa: 17/1/2020 Ngay cha'p nh§n dang b a i : 27/1/2020
The'ing [in idc gid:
1. IJ': QUI THANH 2. M.AITHUYDUNG
Sinh vi^n Itfp Dai hpc Quan Irj Dich vu Du ljch va Lil hanh - Trffdng Dai hpc Tra Vinh 3. TS. N G U Y I N TAN THANH
Trffdng BO nidn Du ljch - Trffdng Dai hpc Tra Vinh
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF PEOPLE LIVING IN TRA VINH CITY, TRA VINH PROVINCE
• IE QUI THANH - MAI THUY DUNG
Student, Tourism a n d Trove! Services Administration, Tra Vinh University
• Ph.D, NGUYEN TAN THANH Head, Department of Tourism, Tra Vinh University
ABSTRACT:
This sludy examines the impacl of tourism on the lives ofpeople living in Tra Vinh City, Tra Vinh province. The study's results show that the tourism has positive impacts on the peo- ple's livelihood. When considering each impact group separately with specific variables, the impact of tourism is rated positively by interviewed people. The Environment. Culture, and Income variables have direct proportionate impacts on the general perception of people about the tourism. In particular, the most influential variable is the culture variable. This study's re- sults are the basis for relevant units to come up with solulions to help improve the livelihood ofpeople living m Tra Vinh city.
Keywords: Tourism, people's life, Tra Vinh province, environmeni. income, culture.
So 3 - T h a n g 2/2020 117
