Nghien cuU cac nhan to
anh hir&ng den su" gan ket giang vien Tru'ofng Dai hoc Lao dong - Xa hoi
CAN HCTU DAW Tom tat
Nghiin cdu ndy dugc thuc hien nhdm ddnh gid cdc nhdn tdtdc dgng den stf gdn kit cua giang vien vdi Trudng Dgi hgc Lao dgng - Xd hgi (ULSA), bdng viec khdo sdt 205 gidng vien. Kit qud nghien cdu cho thdy, co 6 nhdn toco ldc dgng duang di'n sU gan kit cua giang vien, sap theo thd tt/ gidm ddn: Phong cdch ldnh dgo cda Trudng khoa/bg mon; Ddc diim cong vi$c;
Thu nhgp vdsu cong bdng; Mdl trudng ldm viic; Cdm nhgn ve sUphdt Irien; Cd hgi thdng lien.
Td do. nghiin cdu de xudt cdc hdm y qudn tri di'n Ban Gidm hiiu vd trudng cdc khoa nham tdng cudng su gdn ke't cua giang viin.
Tuf khoa: nhdn tdtdc dgng, gdn ke't gidng vien, Trudng Dai hgc Lao dgng • Xd hoi Summary
Through a suvery of 205 lecturers, this study was conducted to assess determinants of lec- turers' engagement with University of Labor and Social Affairs (ULSA). The result reveals 06 factors having positive impacts on their engagement, in descending order of influence, which are Leadership style of the Dean/Head of Department. Job characteristics, Income and fairness, Working environment. Perception of development. Opportunity for advancement.
From this finding, the study proposes administrative implications to school board and heads of department so as to strengthen the engagement of lecturers.
Keywords: determinants, engagement of lecturers. University of Labor - Social Affairs
GlCfl THIEU
Sif gan kd'l cua nhdn vidn dd'i vdi td chffc chinh la chia khda cua mpi sff thanh cdng, khi mffc do canh tranh tang dot bie'n ve chieu rdng lan chieu sau. Trong nhffng nam gan day. Dang, Nha nffdc va nganh gido due da cd nhieu chu trffdng, chinh sach va thffc hidn nhieu bidn phap quyd't lidt de ndng cao cha'l Iffdng gido due.
Giang vien dffdc xem la nhan td'quan trpng quyd't dinh cha't Iffdng gido due. Viec ddo tao, bdi dffdng dpi ngu giang vidn d cdc trffdng dai hpc la nhidm vu quan trpng va cap bdch ddt ra ddi vdi cac nha quan ly gido due.
Giang vidn la ngffdi trffc liep truyen dat nhffng kid'n thffc chuyen mdn, nghiep vu va ky ndng cho ngffdi hpc, dffdc xem la tdi nguydn hpc tap quan trpng va cd gia tri nha't dd'i vdi smh vidn Mffc dp hdi long trong cdng vide se thuc day ddng cd gan ket ldm viec lau dai, tao niem tin vdi trffdng va anh hffdng tich cffc de'n thai do eua ngffdi giang vidn.
Xua'l phdt tff cdc ly do trdn, tdc gia thffc hien nghien cffd "Nghien effu cac nhan td'anh hffdng de'n sff gan ke't giang \ien Trffdng Dai hpe Lao ddng - Xd hoi"'.
CO SCf LY THUYET VA PHUtTNC PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Cd sof ly thuyd't
Theo quan diem cua Mowday, Steers vd Porter (1979), sff gan ke'l vdi id chffc la mdt sff kidn dinh manh me (nha't qudn, ddng nha't hay bat di ba't dich) ciia nhan vidn vdi td chffc va sff tham gia tich cffc cua nhan vien trong mot td chffc nhat djnh.
Meyer va Allen (1991) cho rdng, g^n ke't vdi to chffc la mdt trang thdi tdm ly md bie'u thi mdi quan he cua nhdn vidn vdi to chffc, lien he mat ihie't de'n guydt dinh de duy tri la thanh vien trong to chffc. Legge (1995) cho rdng, sff gdn ket cua nhan vidn hoan toan khac biet vdi hdnh vi phuc tiing mpt cdch nhan nhuc di/dc xem Id ddc trffng cua quan tri nhdn sff truyen thd'ng.
Theo Ly Thijiien (2014). cd 8 nhdn td anh hffdng den sff gdn kd'i cua cdng chffc. \ idn chffc dd'i vdi td chiri. w khu vffc
"ThS.. Triidng Dai hoc Lao dpng - Xa hoi
Ngdv nhdn bdi: 01/7/2020. Ngdy phdn bien: 20/7/2020: Ngdy dinfl ddng; 26/7/2020
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hanh chinh sff nghidp trdn dia ban TP.
Rach Gid, gdm: Cd hpi thdng lien; Lffdng thffdng vd chinh sdch ddi ngp; Mo'i quan he vdi ddng nghiep; Cam nhdn sff phdi tridn ben vffng eua id chffc; Moi trffdng lam vide; Cam nhan rui ro ne'u chuyen vide; Kidn Ihffc chuyen mon.
Nghien cffu cua Araya va Haiyan (2015) cho tha'y, Tien Iffdng va phuc ldi ; Cd hdi thang lid'n; Ban cha't cdng viec;
Sff giao tie'p trong td chffc co tdc ddng dd'n sff gan kd't cua nhan vidn vdi cdc khach san d Eritrea.
Theo nghien cffu cua Tran Dffc Tai (2016), cdc nhan Id' anh hffdng dd'n sff cam kd't gdn bd cua giang vien vdi trffdng dai hpc ngoai cdng lap tren dia ban TP. Hd Chi Minh gdm 4 nhdn to: Sff hdi long trong cong viec; Niem tin vdo tS chffc; Ye'u to' ldnh dao; Moi quan he ddng nghiep.
Tren cd sd cdc nghidn cffu trffdc do, tdc gia de xua'l md hinh nghien cffu cdc nhan td' anh hffdng den sff gan ket giang vien ULSA nhff Hinh.
Phffdng phap nghidn cu'u De' cd dff lidu phan tich, lac gia ihffc hien khdo sat dd'i vdi 214 giang vidn dang cong tdc lai ULSA. Kd't qua thu ve 205 bang khao sdl phu hdp. Khao sat d\i<3c thffc hidn tff thang 1()-12/2019. Dff lieu dffdc xit 1"$ thdng qua phan mem SPSS 20.0 (Bdi vie't sd dung cdch vie't sd thdp phdn theo chudn quae te).
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU
Ki^m dinh dQ tin c$y cua thang do Kiem djnh Cronbach's Alpha (Bang 1) cho tha'y, cdc bie'n quan sat deu cd hd sd tffdng quan bid'n long ldn hdn 0.3 vd hd sd Cronbach's Alpha idn hdn 0.8.
Kd't qud ddnh gid dp tin cay Ihang do cho thd'y, td't ca cdc thffdc do vd cac bie'n quan sdt ddu dat ydu cau.
Phan tich nhSn td' kham pha (EFA) Kd't qud phan lich cho iha'y, thang do Sff gan kd't giang vien Trffdng cd he sd' KMO = 0.89 (> 0.5), kid'm dinh Bartlett c6 Sig. = 0.00 < 0.05. Kd't qua phan tich EFA vdi phffdng phdp xoay Varimax cho thd'y, cac bie'n trong md hinh deu ldn hdn 0.5 (Bang 2), chffng to cac bid'n quan sat ddu CO the dung dffdc va cd y nghTa, vi ddm bao tinh hpi tu cua tffng thffdc do trong md hinh.
Thdng qua kd't qua cua phdn tich EFA, cdc nhan to' anh hffdng de'n sff gan
HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CHU DE XOAT
Nguon Tac gia de xuat
BANG 1; KET QUA DANH GtA DQ TIN C^Y CGA THddC DO B A N G H E SO CRONBACH'S ALPHA
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Thu nhap vii sif cona bang Moi tru'dng lim viec Ccf hoi thang tien Cam nhan ve sif phat tnen Diic diem cong viec R- hi6u chinh Thong ke F (ANOVA) Mii'C V nghTa cua ihong k& F (ANOVA) He so'Durbin-Waison
C LD TN MT TT PT CV
Hg sfThSi quy chtfa chu^n hda 0.194 0.224 0.194 0.188 0.136 0.146 0.212
H^sohdi quy chu^n hda (betal
0.249 0.204 0.201 0.142 0.168 0,228
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.067 .000 000 000 .000 .000 .000
VIF
1.525 1.649 1.660 1.830 1,606 1 581 0.512 28.023 0 0000 1.846 rsgu.
ke't dffdc giff nguyen 6 nhan to, vdi 36 bid'n quan sat phu hdp.
PhSn tich tffcftig quan
Kd't qua kiem dinh tffdng quan Pearson {Bang 3) cho tha'y, mffc y nghia cua cdc he sd'ra't nho (Sig. = 0 <
0.05), ndn cac he so'tffdng quan co y nghia thd'ng kd vd deu du dilu kidn de dffa vao phan tich hoi quy.
Ph§n tich hoi quy
Ke't qua phan tich hoi quy {Bang 4) cho tha'y, gia tri thd'ng kd F = 28.023 vdi gid tri Sig. = 0.000, chffng to md hinh hoi quy phu hdp vdi tap dff Heu. Durbin- Watson la 1.846 < 3, khdng cd sff tffdng quan giffa ede bie'n trong md hinh. He sd VIF cua cdc bie'n deu eo gid tri < 2, chffng to khdng xay ra hien tffdng da cong tuyd'n. He so' R- hidu chinh 0.512, co nghia la 51.2% sff bid'n thien cua bid'n phu thudc dffdc giai thich bdi cdc bie'n doc lap.
Phffdng trinh hoi quy chuan hda co dang:
GK = 0.249LD + 0.204TN + 0.201 MT H- 0.142TT -i- 0.]68PT+0.22SCV+e
KET LUAN VA HAM Y QUAN TR!
Kd't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, co 6 nhan to'tdc ddng de'n sff gan kd't cua giang vien vdi ULSA. theo thff tff giam dan: Phong each lanh dao cua Trffdng khoa/bp
mdn; Dac diem cdng vide; Thu nhap va sff cong bang; Mdi trffdng lam vide; Cdm nhan ve sff phat trien; Cd hdi thang tid'n.
Trdn cd sd kd't qua nghien cffu, tac gid di xud't mot sd' giai phap sau:
Mgt Id. Ldnh dao khoa/bg mon cdn the hien sUquan tdm, giup dd gidng viin.
Chia se va cung ca'p thdng tin thffdng xuydn cho giang vidn trong khoa^d mdn minh. Nd'u gidng vien nhan dffdc sff hd trd ve thong tin, gidng vien cam tha'y minh dffdc chia se nhffng kho khdn, cam thay dffdc tdn trpng va chinh dieu dd se mang lai hidu qua ldm vide eao hdn.
Lanh dao khoa/bp mdn can ddnh gia dung nang lffc cua gidng vidn minh phu trach va tao dieu kien cho hp hoan thdnh nhiem vu vdi hieu qua cao.
Ve phia Ldnh dao Nha trffdng, can xay dffng nhffng chinh saeh, quy che' cu the vd ro rdng doi vdi vide thu hut vd giff chdn dpi ngu giang vidn cd tilnh dp chuydn mdn, kinh nghiem thffc tien, dffdc dao tao tai cdc nffdc tien tie'n... tham gia giang day tai Trffdng. Cac bidn phdp cd the la ddng vidn khen thffdng trffc tie'p bdng vat chat va tinh than, nhff: cdc chuyd'n nghi dffdng, hd trd chi phi ddo tao, boi dffdng kid'n thffc...
Hai Id, xdy dung mot he thdng luang cgnh tranh. Nghien cffu lffa chpn cdc bidn phdp tang thdm Iffdng, thffdng, phu cap va phuc ldi cho dpi ngu giang vien. Nhd trffdng can dam bao mffc thu nhap cua giang vien, ddp ihig di/dc mffc sd'ng trung blnh hien nay. Che dp thu lao can dffdc xay dffng vdi tidu chi ro rang, g^n vdi nang lffc va ket qud cdng vide cua tffng giang vien, khoa vd Nhd tnJdng. Tien Iffdng phai cdng bdng vd canh tranh mdi gdn ke't giang vien lau dai vdi Tnrdng.
Do dd. trong thdi gian tdi, Trx/dng c6 the thffc hien mpt so'bien phdp d^ tai thidn.
90
nhff: dieu chinh nhan sff, sap xep lai nhan sff tai mdt sd' bd phan con co hien tffdng thffa nhdn sff nham gia tang quy Iffdng, thffdng va phuc ldi; day manh sff lien kd't vdl cdc trffdng dai hpc, cao dang tai cdc tinh, thanh phd' trong khu vffc de td chffc cdc ldp dao tao, giang day tai cac dia phffdng, nham giup tang thdi gian giang day va thu nhap eho dpi ngu gidng vidn;
thanh lap edc trung tdm tff van, hd trd doanh nghidp, cdc to chffc, cd nhan, de tao nguon thu cho Trffdng...
Ba la. tgo diiu kien thuan loi han nffa cho gidng viin trong qud trinh phdt trien cd nhdn, tti khdng dinh bdn than. Day Id nhan td' quan trpng tao dffng va khich le sff gan kd't Idu ddi cua giang vidn Trffdng, dac biet la dpi ngu cd trinh dp cao, chuyen mdn gidi. Dieu nay doi hoi Lanh dao cd sff chi dao sdt sao de'n cdc khoa/bd mdn, ra sodt lai dinh hffdng, quy hoach phat trien cho tffng khoa/bd mdn.
Viec hieu rd tam tff, nguydn vpng gidng vien va truyin dat cdc tieu chi ro rang vi cd hdi phdt trid'n Id rd't cSn thid't giup gidng vien nhan Ihffc rd vd cd ddng lffc de dau tff hdp ly cho con dffdng phdt trien Clia minh. Ldnh dao Trffdng cSn chu trpng d^n cdng tdc ddo tao va thdng tid'n nghe nghidp cho giang vien. Bdi le, khi dffdc ddo tao chuydn mon sau va nang cao ky ndng, giang vien se cdm tha'y minh dffdc quan tam tin tffdng vd do chinh la dpng lffc de hp ngdy edng gan ke't vdi Trffdng.
Bdn la. ULSA cdn bd tri khdi lugng cong viic hop ly, thdi gian ldm viec phu hop nhdm giup gidng viin co the cdn bdng duac cong viec, gia dinh. De tao dffng dffdc mdi trffdng di cao stf phat trid'n cua giang vidn, ddi hoi Nha trffdng phai xay
dffng nhffng dinh hffdng cu the, rd rang va xem viec phat trien giang vidn tai Trffdng chinh la dong lffc de trffdng phat trien. Nha trffdng can cd nhffng quy che' khuyd'n khich hpc tap, nang cao kie'n thffc chuyen mdn cho dpi ngu giang vien, trong do cd sff hd trd kinh phi hoc tap. Nha trffdng cung cap kinh phi nhilu hdn nffa cho cdng tdc nghidn cffu khoa hpc ciia giang vidn...
Ndm Id, xdy dung muc tiiu phdt trien Nhd trudng mgt cdch cu the. ro rdng. Dieu nay khdng chi mang lai khd nang thu hut cdc dd'i ttfdng sinh vien dd'n hpc tap tai Trtfdng, ma con giup tao ra niem tin cua cdc giang vien trong qud trinh lam vide, cung nhff tao nen chinh thffdng hidu cho giang vien. Vide xay dtfng muc tieu, tang ctfdng thffdng hieu, tao uy tin va phdt trien ben vffng Nha irffdng se co vai trd tich cffc trong vide xda di tam ly minh lam trong mpt mdi trffdng khdng co chien Iffdc rd rang vd giup cho cdc giang vidn tff tin khang dinh ban than, an tam hdn trong cdng tac. Ciing vdi do, Nhd trffdng ndn quan tam hdn de'n cha'l Iffdng ddo tao bang cdch cdi thidn cd sd vdl chd't gidng day, mdi trffdng hpc tap, chtfdng trinh dao tao va dich vu hd ird ngffdi hoc cu the va ro rang.
Sdu Id. cung cdp cho gidng vien moi trudng ldm viic ly tudng, ciing phuang liin gidng dgy hiin dgi. thich hgp. Nha trffdng can lao mdi Irffdng ldm vide ma d do gidng vidn cdm thd'y dtfdc tdn trpng va thodi mai de phdt huy nang lffc ban than, ddng gdp cho sff phai trien Nhd trffdng. Mdi trffdng lam viec ly ttfdng, giup gidng vien CO the chia se tri thffc va kinh nghidm giang day, dieu ndy khie'n cho cdc giang vien cam iha'y gan ke't hdn vdi cdng viec, vdi dong nghiep vd vdi Trtfdng...
Nha trffdng can id chffc thffdng xuyen cdc hoat dpng giao Ifftf tap the', thdng qua cdc hoat dpng vdn nghe, the thao, du lich, hpi thdo khoa hpc, gap mat., de cdc giang vien cd nhffng dip giao Itfu, tro chuydn, lao nen sff gdn ke't, niem tin nhieu hdn trong qud trinh lam viec. Khi giang vien dffdc ghi nhan nhffng ddng gop vd dffdc dd'i xff dung mffc, giang vidn se khdng mud'n rdi bo Trffdng, nhffng cdng sffc hp bo ra la xffng dang va do la gia tdng stf gan ke't cua giang vien.G
- TAILIIPU THAM KHAO
1. Ly Thi Hien (2014). Cdc nhdn id dnh hUdng de'n sU gdn ki't cua cong chdc, vien chdc ddi vdi to chdc d khu vuc hdnh chinh su nghiep tren dia bdn TP. Rach Gid, Luan van thac sy, Trffdng Dai hpc Nha Trang
2. Tran Dffc Tai (2016). Cdc nhdn tddnh hudng di'n sucam ke'l gdn bo cua gidng vien vdi trudng dai hgc ngodi cong lap tren dia bdn TP. Ho Chi Minh, Luan van thac sy, Trffdng Dai hpc Tai chinh - Marketing
3. Araya, S. H., and Haiyan, M. (2015). How Job Satisfaction Factors Affects Components of Organizational Commitment: Study on Employees of Star Hotels in Eritrea, International Journal of Human Resource Studies. 5(4), 95-109
4. Legge, K. (1995). What is human resource managemenl? Human resource management, Macmillan, Basingstoke
5. Meyer, J. P., and Allen. N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment, Human resource management review. I, 61-65
6. Mowday R. T., Steers R. M., Porter L. W. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 14(2), 224-247
Economy and Forecasi Revi
