PHUUNG THUnc P H A T HUY VAI TRO CUA THINK TANKS TRONG D(in S 6 N G CHfNH TRj OT TRUNG QUtfC
VA M O T SCf GUI MOT CHO VlfiT NAM
NGUYEN TRONG BINH*
Tom tdt Tit thirc tien a Trung Quoc co the thay, hoat dgng cua think tanks c6 vai tro quan trpng trong viec gop phan nang cao nang luc lanh dao, nang luc cam quyen ciia Dang cung nhu nang lire quan tri ciia nha nuac, va dirge the hien chii yeu 0 cho. Thuc day doi mdi ly luan, nhat la doi mdi ly luan chinh tri; phan anh cac van de xa hoi va neu sang kien chinh sach; tham gia soan thao du thao dudng loi, chinh sach; tu van phuong an chinh sach; giam dinh va phan bien phuong an chinh sach;
giam sat, danh gia viec thirc thi chinh sach cung nhu danh gia quan tri cong; tniyen thong chinh tri va dinh hudng du luan xa hgi, dao tao, boi dudng can bg lanh dao. quan ly va cung cap nhan tai; phoi hgp vdl cac chii the khac thirc hien chinh sach ngoai giao cong, Sd di think tanks a Trung Quoc co the phat huy dugc vai tro quan trong do la do nhicu nhan to, trong do quan trgng nhat la su quan tam lanh dao xay dung va phat huy vai tro think tanks ciia Dang va Nha nudc Trung Quoc. Bai viet phan tich phuang thirc phat huy vai tro ciia think tanks trong ddi song chinh tri a Trung Quoc, tir do neu len mgt so ggi mo cho Viet Nam hien nay.
Tir khoa: Phuong thirc phat huy. vai tro, think tanks, DCS, Trung Quoc, Viet Nam
L Phuong thirc phat huy vai tro cua think tanks d Trung Quoc
Tuy to chiic va hoat dgng cua think tanks d Tmng Quoc con mgt so mat can dugc tiep tuc doi mdi, song nhJJng nd lyc cua DCS va Nha n u d e Trung Quoc trong viee phat trien, phat huy vai tro cua think tanks rat dang ghi nhan. Co t h i khai lugc p h u o n g thuc phat huy vai tro cua think tanks trong ddi sdng chinh tri d Trung Quoc qua mgt sd phuong dien sau day:
Thif nhdl. nhgn thirc dimg dan ciia DCS Trung Quoc VOT tu cdch Id ddng
V
cdm quyen ve vai tro cua think tanks vd su lanh dao cua Ddng ndy trong phdt trien think tanks. Vdi tu each dang cam quyen, nhan thire ciia DCS Trung Quoc ve think tanks va su Ianh dao eiia Dang nay doi vdi su phat trien va phat huy vai tro cua think tanks trong ddi song ehinh tri CO y nghia quan trgng. Tir cai caeh den nay, trong cae ky Dai hdi, DCS Trung Quoe ludn nhan manh van de dan ehu hoa, khoa hgc hoa quyit sach chinh tri.
Mgt phuong dien the hien viee dan ehu
^ TS. Hoc vien Chinh tri khu virc IV
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Phuang thuv phat huy vai tro cua think tans...
hoa, khoa hgc hda quyet sach chinh tri, do la coi su tham gia tu van cua think tanks la mgt yeu cau khdng the thieu trong qua trinh hoach dinh cae chinh saeh quan trgng khi khang dinh: "Thuc hien che do dieu tra nghien cdu, che do tu' van eiia think tanks va chuyen gia, che do lang nghe y kien eua xa hgi va ngudi dan, che do hiep thuong dan ehu" (DCS Trung Quoe, 2017). Nhan thuc cua DCS Trung Quoc ve vai tro eua think tanks va dinh hudng phat trien ddi vdi think tanks khong chi the hien trong Nghi quyet Dai hgi, ma con the hien tap trung d van ban ve "Tang cirdng xay dung think tanks theo mo hinh mdi dac sae Trung Qudc" do Van phong Trung uong Dang va Van phdng Quoe Vu vien ban hanh thang 5 nam 2015, Ve tam quan trgng eua viec xay dung va phat trien think tanks, DCS Trung Qudc cho rang (Van phong Trung uong Dang va Van phong Quoc Vu vien, 2015): (i) xay dung think tanks theo mo hinh mdi la cho dua de Dang va Nha nude de ra dugc chinh sach khoa hgc, dan chu va theo phap luat; (ii) xay dung think tanks theo mo hinh mdi la mgt ngi dung quan trgng ciia hien dai hoa he thdng quan tri quoc gia va nang cao nang lire quan tri quoc gia;
(iii) think tanks theo mo hinh mdi la mgt bg phan cau thanh quan trgng ciia sire manh mem quoc gia.
Thu hai, tgo lap moi trudng tot cho su phdt trien va hoat dong cua think tanks.
Mu6n think tanks phat huy diy dii vai tro cua no trong ddi song chinh tri. Dang
cam quyen va Nha nudc can phai tao lap moi trudng thuan Igi eho sir phat trien va hoat ddng eiia think tanks. Vi vay, Trung Quoc nhan manh mgt so phuong dien sau:
Phdt trien cdn bdng cdc logi think tanks. Vdi muc tieu la den nam 2020 phat trien dong bg cac loai hmh think tanks, xay dung duge nhieu think tanks eo siic anh hudng ngang tam the gidi va xay dung ddi ngu nghien cuu, tu van chinh sach cdng kien tri phuong hudng chinh tri diing dan, co due, eo tai, co tinh than doi mdi, DCS Trung Quoc va Chi'nh phu Trung Quoc da chii tnicmg phdt trien dong bo va cdn hdng cdc logi hinh think tanks.
Co nghia la, coi trgng su phat trien can bang cac loai hinh think tanks cua Dang, Nha nudc, quan dgi, think tanks eiia tru'oiig dai hgc, think tanks eiia doanh nghiep va think tanks eua cac to ehiie xa hdi. Cu the la: (i) thiie day su phat trien va ddi mdi hoat dgng ciia think tanks thugc Vien Khoa hgc xa hgi va he thong trudng Dang theo hudng yeu cau eae co quan nay cin phai doi mdi the che, co che nghien ciru khoa hge, dieu chinh dinh hudng nghien cuu mgt each phii hgp, eoi trgng hon viee nghien cim va tu' van nhirng van d6 thirc tiln lien quan den nang cao nang lue quan tri quoe gia va phat hien kinh te xa hgi; phat trien Vien Khoa hge Xa hgi vdi tu each la think tanks tong hgp va hang diu cua dit nudc; thuc day sir gan ket va thuc day lin nhau giiia hoat dgng dao tao, nghien cuu khoa hgc va tu van chinh sach
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ciia Trudng Dang Trung uong va Hgc vien Hanh chinh Qudc gia; Vien Khoa hge xa hdi va trudng Dang cap tmh tap trung phue vu tu van ehinh sach eho td chiic Dang va chinh quyen dia phuong; (ii) thiic day su phat trien cua think tanks thugc trudng dai hgc theo hudng cai each manh me the che quan ly think tankstrud ng dai hgc, doi mdi hinh thirc to chirc va bao dam dii ve ngudn luc, tap trung xay dung he thong think tanks d thugc tru'dng dai hgc co kha nang thue hien tot chirc nang tu van ehinh saeh cho Dang va Nha nudc Tmng Quoc; (iii) xay dimg think tanks trong linh vuc doi mdi khoa hge edng nghe va think tanks thugc doanh nghiep theo hudng phat huy uu the eiia Vien Khoa hgc Tmng Quoc, Vien Cong trinh Tmng Qude, Hiep hgi Khoa hgc Trung Qude ve doi mdi khoa hgc edng nghe, phat huy vai ho ndng cot cua cac td ehdc nay trong xay dung va thuc thi chien luge, quy hoaeh va ehinh sach khoa hgc cdng nghe quoe gia; (iv) ung hg doanh nghiep nha nudc va doanh nghiep do nha nudc giu' cd phan chi phoi thanh lap eae think tanks eung nhu phat huy vai trd tu van chinh saeh eiia think tanks ciia doanh nghiep tren cac mat, nhu cai each doanh nghiep nha nudc, dieu chinh co ciu kinh te, quy hoach phat trien nganh, hoaeh dinh chinh sach nganh ciing nhu cae du an, eong trinh quan trgng; (v) hudng dan su phat trien lanh manh cua think tanks xa hgi theo hudng nhan manh trach nhicm xa hgi cua think tanks xa hdi.
bao dam de think tanks xa hgi tham gia eung ling dich vu tu vin ehinh sach; md rgng cac phuong thiie dk think tanks xa hgi tham gia tu vin ehinh sach cd hieu qua; tao lap eo ehe dk dam bao kinh phi boat dgng cho think tanks xa hgi eung nhu hoan thien ehinh sach nhan tai doi vdi think tanks xa hgi (Van phong Trung uong Dang, Van phong Quoc Vu vien, 2017). Cimg vdl ehii truong phat trien can bang va dong bg eae loai hinh think tanks. Dang va Nha nudc Trung Quoe da de ra quy hoaeh xay dung think tanks chat lugng eao vdi muc tieu la xay dung 100 think tanks dien hinh, eo chat lugng cao, trong do ho trg de Trudng Dang Trung Qudc, Vien Khoa hgc Trung Qude, Vien Khoa hgc Xa hgi Trung Qude, Vien Cdng trinh Trung Quoc, Trung tam Nghien cdu Phat trien cua Quoc Vu vien, Hge vien Hanh chinh Quoc gia... trd thanh nhiing think tanks chat lugng cao.
- Cdi cdch the che qudn Iy doi v&i to chuc vd hogt dong cua think tanks. De xay dung va phat huy vai tro ciia think tanks ttong ddi song ehinh tti, DCS Tmng Quoc nhan manh viee di sau cai each the ehe quan ly eua nha nude doi vdi to chuc va hoat dgng ciia think tanks theo hudng: (i) cai each the che quan ly doi vdi timg loai think tanks; tang cudng ttach nhiem chi dao vi mo ciia nha nudc doi vdi think tanks thong qua quy hoaeh phat ttien, chinh sach phat triin va dieu tiet sir phat trien hai hda
zy
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 1 (221) - 2020Phuvng thuv phat huy vai tro cua think tans..
dong bg ciia eae loai huih think tanks; doi mdi phuong thue quan ly, hinh thanh eo che quan ly vira dam bao de thmk tanks hoat dgng dimg phuong hudng, vira co lgi eho viee phat trien tu chii ciia think tanks;
(ii) di sau eai each the ehe nghien euu theo hudng la khieh le think tanks hgp tae nghien euu vdi cac co quan, td ehue; nang eao tinh hieu qua va tinh thiet thue trong cong tae nghien eiru; kien toan the che iiy thae va dau thau nghien cim eae du an, de tai khoa hgc; coi ttgng nghien cim ly luan chinh saeh va khoa hge lien nganh, thiie day doi mdi phucmg phap nghien cuu, cdng eu phan tieh chinh sach; xay dung kho dii lieu thong tin diing chung va lien tiiong di ho ttg cho boat dgng nghien eiiu va tu van chinh saeh; (iii) di sau cai each thi che quan ly kinh phi theo hudng thiet lap eo che quan ly kinh phi hieu qua, eong khai, minh bach ciing nhu tang eudng giam sat hoat ddng du toan va sir dung kinh phi nghien ciiu khoa hge; (iv) di sau cai each CO che danh gia thanh qua nghien ciru va img dung, chuyen boa ket qua nghien cim theo hudng hoan thien bien phap danh gia lay muc do doi mdi ciia nghien cuu, chit lugng nghien cuu va cdng hien thue ti lam dinh hudng, kit hgp he thdng tieu ehi danh gia eiia nhieu ben, nhat la danh gia eiia khaeh hang, danh gia ciia nhung ngudi eiing ITnh vuc va danh gia ciia xa hgi; thiit lap thi chi bao cao thanh qua nghien cim cua think tanks ciing nhu thong qua cac phucmg thtic khac nhau de
img dung cac ket qua nghien cuu ciia think tanks; (v) di sau cai caeh eo che hgp tac giao luu vdi ben ngoai theo hudng thiet lap eo ehe hgp tac va giao luu vdi cae think tanks noi tieng tten the gidi, trien khai cae du an hgp tac nghien cim vdi cac doi tae nudc ngoai; tiep nhan cac ehuyen gia gioi d nude ngoai vao lam viec trong eae think tanks; eoi trgng eong tac boi dudng ngoai ngir cho dgi ngu chuyen gia cong tac ttong cac tiimk tanks, tao dieu kien thuan lgi de think tanks va dgi ngd chuyen gia cong tac ttong cac think tanks tham gia eae boat ddng giao luu vdi ben ngoai, coi trgng hgc tap nhiing kinh nghiem tien tien ciia think tanks nude ngoai,
Tgo moi trudng canh tranh cong bdng giira cdc hgi hinh think tanks.
Trong cong cuge cai each, think tanks d Tmng Qudc phat trien theo hudng da dang vi ioai hinh. Tuc ngoai think tanks ciia Dang, Nha nudc va quan dgi, eon co think tanks eiia trudng Dai hge, think tanks ciia doanh nghiep va think tanks eua cac t6 chuc xa hgi, Tuy nhien, nhin ting thi thi think tanks cua Dang, Nha nudc, quan dgi van dugc "uu ai" hon trong boat dgng, trong khi do su tham gia ciia think tanks thuge trudng dai hge, think tanks cua doanh nghiep va think tanks xa hgi doi vdi qua trinh hoach dinh chinh sach etia Dang va Nha nudc chua dap ung dugc yeu cau. Trudc thue te dd, Trung Quic nhan manh tao lap co che de
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eiia Trudng Dang Tmng uong va Hgc vien Hanh ehinh Qudc gia; Vien Khoa hgc xa hgi va ttirdng Dang cap tinh tap tmng phuc vu ttr van chinh saeh cho to chirc Dang va chinh quyen dia phuong; (li) thiie day su phat ttien ciia think tanks thugc ttuong dai hgc theo hudng eai each manh me the che quan ly think tankstrud ng dai hge, doi mdi hinh thue to chirc va bao dam dii ve nguon lue, tap ttung xay dung he thong think tanks d thugc tmdng dai hgc co kha nang thuc hien tot chirc nang tu van chinh sach cho Dang va Nha nude Tmng Qudc; (iii) xay dung think tanks trong Imh vue ddi mdi khoa hgc cong nghe va think tanks thugc doanh nghiep theo hudng phat huy uu the cua Vien Khoa hgc Tmng Qudc, Vien Cong trinh Tmng Qudc, Hiep hgi Khoa hgc Tmng Quoc ve ddi mdi khoa hge cong nghe, phat huy vai ttd nong edt cua eae to ehue nay trong xay dung va thuc thi chien luge, quy hoach va chinh saeh khoa hgc cong nghe quoc gia; (iv) img hg doanh nghiep nha nudc va doanh nghiep do nha nudc giu co phan ehi phdi thanh lap eae think tanks ciing nhu phat huy vai tro tu van chinh sach ciia think tanks eua doanh nghiep tren eae mat, nhu cai each doanh nghiep nha nudc, dieu chinh co ciu kinh te, quy hoaeh phat trien nganh, hoaeh dinh ehinh sach nganh cung nhu cae du an, cong ttinh quan trgng; (v) hudng din su phat trien lanh manh ciia think tanks xa hdi theo hudng nhan manh traeh nhicm xa hdi cua think tanks xa hgi.
bao dam de think tanks xa hdi tham gia cung img dich vu tu vin chinh saeh; mo rdng eae phuong thiire di think tanks xa hgi tham gia tu vin chinh saeh cd hieu qua; tao lap co ehi di dam bao kinh phi boat dgng cho think tanks xa hgi ciing nhu hoan thien ehinh saeh nhan tai ddi vdi think tanks xa hgi (Van phong Tmng uong Dang, Van phong Qudc Vu vien, 2017). Cimg vdi chit truang phat trien can bang va dong bg cac Ioai hinh think tanks. Dang va Nha nudc Trung Quoe da de ra quy hoach xay dung thmk tanks ehat lugng eao vdi mue tieu la xay dung 100 think tanks dien hinh, co chat lugng cao, trong do ho trg de Trudng Dang Trung Qude, Vien Khoa hge Trung Quoc, Vien Khoa hgc Xa hgi Trung Quoc, Vien Cong trinh Trung Quoe, Trung tam Nghien eiru Phat trien ciia Quoc Vu vien, Hge vien Hanh ehinh Quoc gia... trd thanh nhirng think tanks chat lugng eao.
- Cdi cdch the che qudn ly doi v&i to chirc vd hogt dong cua think tanks. De xay dung va phat huy vai tro eiia think tanks ttong ddi sdng chinh tti, DCS Tmng Qudc nhan manh viec di sau cai each the ehe quan ly cua nha nude ddi vdi to chire va boat dgng cua thmk tanks theo hudng: (i) cai each the ehe quan ly doi vdi timg Ioai think tanks; tang eudng ttaeh nhiem ehi dao vT md cita nha nude doi vdi think tanks thong qua quy hoach phat trien, ehinh saeh phat trien va dieu tiet sir phat trien hai hda
zy
NGHIEN Cl)U TRUNG QUOC so 1 (221) - 2020Phuvyng thuv phat huy vai tro cua think tans..
dong bg cita cae Ioai hinh think tanks; ddi mdi phuong thire quan ly, hinh thanh co che quan ly vua dam bao de think tanks hoat dgng diing phuong hudng, vira co lgi cho viec phat trien tu ehii ciia think tanks;
(ii) di sau cai each the chi nghien cuu theo hudng la khieh le think tanks hgp tae nghien euu vdi eae co quan, to chirc; nang cao tinh hieu qua va tinh thiet thuc ttong cong tac nghien eiru; kien toan the che iiy thac va dau thau nghien euu cac du an, di tai khoa hgc; coi trgng nghien euu Iy luan chinh sach va khoa hgc lien nganh, thuc day dot mdi phuong phap nghien ciru, cong cu phan tich chinh saeh; xay dung kho dli lieu thong tin diing chung va lien thong de ho trg cho boat dgng nghien cim va tu van ehinh saeh; (iii) di sau eai each the ehe quan ly kinh phi tlieo hirdng thiet lap CO ehe quan ly kinh phi hieu qua, edng khai, minh bach eiing nhu tang eudng giam sat boat dgng du toan va su dung kinh phi nghien eim khoa hgc; (iv) di sau cai each CO ehe danh gia thanh qua nghien cuu va ling dung, chuyen hda ket qua nghien cim theo hudng hoan thien bien phap danh gia lay mtic do doi mdi ciia nghien cuu, chat lugng nghien euu va cdng hien thirc te lam dinh hudng, ket hgp he thong tieu ehi danh gia cua nhieu ben, nhat la danh gia eua khaeh hang, danh gia eua nhung ngudi cimg ITnh virc va danh gia ciia xa hgi; thiit lap the chi bao cao thanh qua nghien euu cua think tanks ciing nhu thong qua cae phuong thue khae nhau de
ung dung cac ket qua nghien euu ciia think tanks; (v) di sau cai caeh co chi hgp tae giao luu vdi ben ngoai theo hudng thiit lap CO che hgp tac va giao luu vdi cac think tanks ndi tieng tten the gidi. ttiin khai cac du an hgp tac nghien cuu vdi cac dii tac nudc ngoai; tiep nhan eae ehuyen gia gioi d nudc ngoai vao lam viee trong cac think tanks; coi trgng eong tae boi dudng ngoai ngii eho dgi ngii chuyen gia cong tac ttong cac think tanks, tao dieu kien thuan Igi di think tanks va dgi ngii chuyen gia cong tac ttong cae think tanks tham gia cae hoat dgng giao Iuu vdi ben ngoai, eoi trgng hgc tap nhiJng kinh nghiem tien tien cua thmk tanks nude ngoai.
Tgo moi truang canh tranh cong bdng giira cdc logi hinh think tanks.
Trong eong eugc eai each, think tanks d Tmng Qudc phat trien theo hudng da dang ve loai hinh. Tire ngoai think tanks eiia Dang, Nha nudc va quan dgi, edn eo think tanks cua trudng Dai hgc, think tanks cua doanh nghiep va think tanks eua cac to chuc xa hgi, Tuy nhien, nhin tong the thi thmk tanks ciia Dang, Nha nude, quan dgi van duoc "uu ai" hem trong hoat dgng, trong khi do su tham gia cua think tanks thugc trudng dai hge, think tanks eiia doanh nghiep va think tanks xa hgi doi vdi qua trinh hoach dinh chinh sach ctia Dang va Nha nudc chua dap img duge yeu cau. Tnrdc thuc te do, Trung Quoc nhan manh tao lap co ehe de
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NGUYEN TRONG BINH
phat huy day du vai tro ciia think tanks thugc trudng dai hge, think tanks doanh nghiep va think tanks xa hdi. Dong thdi, nhan manh viec eong khai, minh bach trong dau thau eae de tai, du an nghien eiai va trong mua sam dich vu tu van ehinh sach theo hudng "md" vdi tit ca eae think tanks; coi trgng ket qua tu vin.
danh gia ciia eae think tanks khac nhau (Van phdng Trung uong Dang, Van phong Quoc Vu vien, 2015).
Tgo moi trtr&ng thugn hi de think tanks the hien cong khai ket qud nghien ciru, tu vdn cung nhu neu quan diem ciia minh doi v&i cdc vdn de quan trong trong d&i song chinh tri - xd hoi. Su the hien cong khai quan diem cua minh cung nhu sir phan bien Ian nhau, "va dap", "eg xat"
lan nhau vc quan diem giira cae chuyen gia va think tanks la mgt yeu cau khong the thieu nham gop phan "tim ra chan ly"
ciing nhu nang cao hieu qua va chat lugng boat ddng ciia think tanks. Vi vay, Trung Quoc da co nhieu no luc nham tao ra moi tru'dng thuan Igi de dam bao
"quyen tu do tu tudng", "tu do hgc thuat"
va nghien cuu eua ehuyen gia va cac think tanks. Khieh le cae chuyen gia va think tanks thong qua cdng thdng tm dien tir, hdi thao khoa hgc, hdi nghj tu van.
bao chi va truyen thong dai chiing, xuat ban sach, tap chi.., de the hien edng khai y kien, ehinh kien cua minh ddi vdi nhirng van de quan trgng, eiing nhu
bao dung, khoan dung dii vdi nhiing ehuyen gia va think tanks co y kien khac. Phat biiu tai Hgi nghi gap gd vdi tti thire tieu bieu toan quoc (thang 4 nam 2017), Tap Can Binh ehi rd: "Su nghiep vT dai doi hoi can coi trgng hon tri thiic va dgi ngii tri thire, cang doi hoi dgi ngu tri thuc cong hien nhieu hon cho sir nghiep quoc gia giau manh, phuc hung dan tdc va hanh phiic ciia nhan dan. Toan xa hgi can phai quan tam den dgi ngu tri thuc, ton ttgng dgi ngu tti thirc. Can tin tudng dgi ngii tri thire. ddi vdi cong viee va quyet sach quan trgng, can trung cau y kien va kien nghi eiia ddi ngii tri thuc. Ddi vdi nhirng y kien va phe binh eua dgi ngii tti thire, chi can xuat phat diem la tdt va trong sang thi can phai nhiet thanh hoan nghenh va tiep nhan, khong duge "ehup mii". Ngay ea doi vdi y kien ca biet chua that chuan xae, tham ehi sai lam eung can khoan dung va bao dung nhieu hon" (Tap Can Binh, 2017),
Thif ba, kien todn the che quyet sdch theo hu&ng in& va ddn chu. Cd the ndi, khu vuc edng co nhu cau that su trong tu van ehinh sach hay khdng, qua trinh hoaeh dinh chinh sach cd "md" hay khong, ed dan ehii hay khong la yeu to quyet dinh de think tanks phat huy vai tro cua minh trong qua trinh chinh sach eong Cling nhu trong ddi song chinh tri.
Niu think tanks phat trien nhung khu vue edng (Dang va Nha nudc) khong c6 nhu
ny
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 1 (221) - 2020Phuang thJFc phat huy vai tro cua think tans..
ciu that su doi vdi dieh vu tu van chinh saeh cua think tanks, "kmh nghiem chu nghTa", "dgc quyen ehan ly" ttong hoach djnh chinh sach, thieu eo che de think tanks tham gia vao qua ttinh chinh saeh thi think tanks rat kho the hien day du vai tro va sir anh hudng eiia minh. Y thuc dugc diem nay nen mgt trong nhimg phucmg thiie de Tmng Quoc phat huy vai tto ciia think tanks trong qua trinh ehinh saeh edng ciing nhu ttong ddi sdng ehinh tri, do la tu yeu eau "quyet sach khoa hge" de thiet lap nen co ehe dan chii va md trong qua trinh thue hien chinh saeh cong. Cu the la:
- Thuc hien cong khai thong tin trong hogt dong cua khu vuc cong, nhdt la trong hogt dong ciia nhd nu&c theo hudng nhan manh trach nhiem ehu ddng cung cap diong tin cho xa hgi ciia chinh phii, tang cudng tinh chinh xac va tinh kip thdi ttong eung cap thdng tin, hoan thien trinh ttr va phuong thiic cong khai thdng tin ciia chinh phu; md rgng kenh eong khai thdng tin cua chinh phii nham tao thuan lgi cho cae think tank tiep can thong tin. Dae biet, vdi phuang cham "Iam eho quyen lue van hanh dudi anh sang mat trdi", Tnmg Quoe luon nhan manh viec eong khai, minh bach trong qua ttinh chinh sach, nhat la trong hoaeh dinh chinh sach nham dam bao tot su tham gia va giam sat cua xa hdi, trong do CO think tanks.
- Hodn thien the che trung cdu vd lay y kien doi v&i cdc chinh sdch, quyet sdch
quan trong. Theo do, Trung Quie quy dinh, doi vdi nhirng ehii truong, ehinh saeh, quyet sach lien quan din Igi ieh eong va lgi ich cua quin chiing nhan dan, can phai thong qua cac hinh thirc nhu hgi nghi lang nghe y kiin, tga dam, hgi nghi phan bien... di ling nghe va tiip nhan y kien, kien nghi ciia cac think tanks, tang cudng mue do minh bach trong qua trinh xay dung ehinh saeh;
khieh !e cac co quan Dang, Nha nudc, Chinh hiep trien khai hgp tac nghien ciru vdi eae think tanks; thiet lap eo che phan hoi cua CO quan hoaeh djnh, xay dung ehinh saeh doi vdi cae y kien tu van ciia think tanks, thiic day sir tuong tac hieu qua giira eo quan xay dung chinh sach ciia Dang, Nha nudc vdi cae think tanks.
- Thiet lap vd kien todn the che ddnh gid chinh sdch va the che mua sdm dich vu tu vdn chinh sdch. Theo do, Tmng Qude quy dinh, ttude khi quyet dinh phuang an cai each quan ttgng, bien phap chinh sach Idn, cong ttinh va du an Idn, can phai lay y kiin phan bien ve tinh klia thi eung nhu danh gia nii ro tren cac phuang dien ve on dinh xa hgi, mdi frudng va kinh te, eoi ttgng su dung ket qua danh gia, tong hgp ciia eae think tanks khae nhau; tang eudng danh gia tmh hinh thuc thi chinh saeh, hieu qua thue thi chinh sach va anh hudng xa hgi cua viec thuc thi chinh sach; thiet lap thi chi phan hii, cong khai, van dung y kiin danh gia ciia think tanks; thue hien mo thire danh gia chinh saeh kit hgp giira
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NGUYEN TRONG BINH
danh gia ben ttong chinh phii va danh gia eiia think tanks nhim tang cudng tinh khaeh quan va tinh khoa hge eiia kit qua danh gia. Ngoai ra, Trung Quoc quy djnh, bao cao tu van, phuong an ehinh saeh, thiet ke quy hoaeh va dir lieu diiu tta eua think tanks deu phai dua vao pham vi va danh mue mua sam dich vu ctia chinh phii; thuc hien eong khai, canh ttanh trong dau thau mua sam dich vu tu van.
Thu ndm, coi trong viec xdy dimg va ndng cao ndng luc ciia cdc think tanks.
Trong hoat ddng cua think minh, moi tru'dng tdt va co che quyet saeh "md"
va dan chii cua khu vue edng tuy rat quan trgng, nhung mdi ehi la dieu kien can. Dieu kien dii la nang lue hoat dgng cua think tanks. Tren thue te, de dam bao hieu qua boat ddng, moi think tank can 07 yeu to co ban (Nguyen Trgng Binh, 2016): Tu tudng, van de, trach nhiem, chien luge, nhan tai, mang ludi va xac djnh ro the manh trong ITnh vue boat dgng, Ve phuang dien xay dung va nang cao nang luc cua tirng think tanks, Trung Qude nhan manh mgt so van de sau: (i) ban than timg think tanks can y thuc rd vi tri, vai tro va trach nhiem ciia minh. Think tanks khong chi la to ehue
"h6 trg quyet sach" cho Dang, Nha nudc, ma cdn cd vai tro the hien va bao ve lgi ich cong; nd luc phuc vu sir phat triin eiia dat nude va tien bg xa hgi; eoi trgng tinh than cong, nhat la quan tam va thi hien lgi ich, nguyen vgng ciia cac
nhom yeu thi trong xa hgi; gop phan nang eao vi thi, hinh anh qude gia tren tru'dng quic te; (ii) nang eao chit lugng nguon nhan lire cua cac think tanks.
Viec ed duge dgi ngii nhan lai la yeu to quyet dinh nang cao hieu qua va ehat lugng boat dgng ciia think tanks. O phuong dien nay, cac think tanks Trung Qudc chii trgng thuc hien mgt sd giai phap, nhu: Thu hiit nhan tai d trong nude va nudc ngoai vao lam viec trong cac think tanks thong qua ehe do thi tuyen ehat ehe va cdng khai; bd tri, sir dung ngudi that su tai nang Iam Ianh dao, quan ly ttong cac think tanks; eoi trgng dao tao, boi dudng dgi ngu nhan tai thong qua nhieu hinh thue, nhat la tao dieu kien de cac ehuyen gia tham gia nhieu vao cae boat dgng giao luu hgc thuat d ttong va ngoai nude; thuc hien che do danh gia hieu qua lam viec dua tren ket qua lam viec va cong hien cua chuyen gia; tta luong va thuc hien ehe do dai ngd rat eao cho cac chuyen gia gioi. (iii) thong qua nhieu phuang thirc de the hien, cong bd thanh qua nghien cuu, quan diem va tu tudng cua minb. Theo do, ngoai boat dgng ttr van, eae think tanks Tmng Quoc rat eoi trgng viee xuat ban tap ehi, xuat ban pham ciing nhu CO vu chuyen gia cdng bo cac bai viet tten cac tap chi khac nhau; thong qua tmyen thdng dai chiing, cong thdng tin dien tu va mang xa hdi de the hien, cong bo thanh qua nghien cim cdng nhu quan diem ciia minh;
(iv) doi mdi td chuc bd may theo md hinh
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NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 1 (221) - 2020Phuang thuv phat huy vai tro cua think tans...
hoat ddng ciia think tanks hien dai va tang eudng hgp tae giiia think tanks vdi khu vuc cong, doanh nghiep va cac think tanks khac.
Thu sdu. doi m&i ca che tai chtnh nhdm ddm bdo nguon luc tdi chinh cho hogt dong ciia think tanks vd ndng cao siec dnh hu&ng quoc te ciia think tanks. Nguon luc tai chinh ed vai tro quan trgng trong hoat dgng cua thmk tanks. Chinh vi vay, de phat trien va phat huy vai trd ciia think tanks, Trung Quoc rat chu trgng viec doi mdi CO che tai chlnh theo hudng da dang hoa nguon tai ehinh cho boat dgng ciia think tanks. Cu the la, ngoai viec tang eudng dau tu true tiep tai ehinh cho boat dgng ciia think tanks thong qua quy phat trien think tank, Chinh phu Trung Quoe con md rdng han miic tai trg, ddng gdp cua xa hgi cho boat ddng cua think tanks, thong qua chinh sach uu dai, mien thue de khieh le doanh nghiep va cae td chuc xa hgi ciing nhu ca nhan tham gia ddng gop, quyen gop tai chinh cho boat dgng ciia think tanks. Ben canh do, Trung Quoc ciing coi trgng viee nang eao siic anh hudng ciia think tanks ttong nudc tren trudng quoc te thong qua viec khuyen khich cac think tanks quan tam den eae van de toan cau, tang cudng dat hang de cac think tanks nghien cuu eae van de chung tren toan cau, khuyen khieh cac think tanks "chieu mg" eae chuyen gia gioi tren the gidi den lam viec trong cae think tanks d Trung Quoc; thiie day giao luu, hgp tac vdi eae think tanks tren
the gidi; boi dudng va nang cao nang luc hgp tac quoc te cho eae chuyen gia dang hoat dgng trong cac think tanks; img hg va khuyen khich eae think tanks trong nude cdng bo ket qua nghien cim eua minh tten cac tap ehi quoc te; xay dung chi nhanh, van phong dai dien cita think tanks Trung Quic d mgt so nude tren thi gidi.
2. Mot so goi md cho Viet Nam The ehe ehinh tri Trung Quoc va the che chinh tri Viet Nam co nhieu diem tuong dong. Do dd, nhirng kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc ve phuang thuc phat huy vai trd cua think tanks trong ddi song chinh tri eo gia trj tham khao hiiu ieh doi vdi Viet Nam hien nay. Tir ngbien eim phuong thirc phat huy vai trd eiia think tanks trong ddi song ehinh tri d Trung Quoc va xuat phat tir dieu kien cu the cua Viet Nam, eo the neu len mgt so ggi md nhu sau:
Mot Id, Ddng vd Nhd nuac (noi cdch khdc la khu vuc cong) cdn coi trong han vai tro ciia think tanks trong qua trinh thuc hien chinh sdch cong cung nhu trong d&i song chinh tri- xd hoi, tir do co Nghi quyet hogc van bdn cu the de de huang ddn, dinh hu&ng su phdt trien ciia think tanks a nu&c ta. Trong thdi ky doi mdi, DCS Viet Nam ludn nhan manh vice phat huy vai tro cua think tanks trong qua trinh ehinh sach cong, khi khing dinh: "Thuc hanh dan chii, tdn trgng va phat huy tu do ttr tudng trong
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NGUYEN TRONG BiNH
boat ddng nghien cim, sang tao, tu vin, phan bien eua eae nha khoa hgc" va "coi trgng vai tto tu van, phan bien, giam dinh xa hdi ciia eae co quan nghien cii'u khoa hge trong viee hoaeh dinh dudng loi, chu truong ciia Dang, ehinh sach, phap luat eua Nha nudc va cac du an phat trien kinh te, van hda, xa hgi" (DCS Viet Nam, 2016). Tuy nhien, eho den nay, nhan thiie ly luan va thuc tien ve vai trd eiia think tank va eo che phat huy vai trd eua think tanks van edn chua ro hoac chua day dii.
Do do, trong bdi canh mdi hien nay, de gdp phan nang cao nang lire lanh dao, nang luc cam quyen ciia Dang va nang lire quan tri eiia Nha nude, Dang can sdm ban hanh nghj quyet ve xay dung va phat trien think tanks d nudc ta, nhat la co hudng dan cu the de phat trien lanh manh think tanks xa hgi.
Hai Id, tgo lap moi tru&ng tot cho su phdt trien vd hogt dong cua think tanks.
Sau hem 30 nam doi mdi, den nay, d nude ta da hinh thanh eae loai hinh think tanks, bao gom think tanks ctia Dang, think tanks ciia cac co quan Nha nudc; think tanks cua trudng dai hge, cac think tanks ton tai dudi dang Vien Nghien ciiu, trung tam nghien eim tir trung uong den dja phuong ciia Lien hiep eae Hgi Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Viet Nam, Mat ttan To quoc va eae doan the nhan dan,... Tuy nhien, su phat tnin ciia eae think tanks d nudc ta vin chua dap irng dugc yeu eau, nhat la cdn CO su mit can ddi giira cac loai hinh think tank. Co nghTa la think tanka cua
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Dang, Nha nudc eo si lugng Idn. ttong khi think tanks eua trudng dai hgc, doanh nghiep va xa hgi s6 lugng cdn it.
Do dd, di dap iing yeu eiu dan chu hda quyet saeh chinh tri va nang eao chat lugng quyet sach chinh tri hien nay, cdn coi trong phdt trien mgnh me va cdn bdng cdc cdc logi hinh think tanks, nhat la ed CO ehe de think tanks doanh nghiep va xa hgi dugc thanh lap va boat dgng CO hieu qua. Trude mat, can eoi ttgng viec nang eao nang lire va chat lugng boat ddng cua cae think tanks quan ttgng, nhu Vien Han lam Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, Hgc vien Chinh tri quoc gia, Hge vien Hanh ehinh quoe gia, Vien Khoa hge Viet Nam va mgt sd think tanks true thugc cac dai hgc qudc gia va dai hgc viing, Ngoai viec tao moi trudng thuan lgi de think tanks ra ddi, can coi trgng doi mdi the ehe quan ly eiia nha nudc ddi vdi to chuc va boat dgng eiia think tanks nham nang cao tinh tu chu cua cae think tanks hien nay; tao can tao moi tnrdng canh ttanh cong bang dc eae think tanks canh tranh vdi nhau; thuc hien tot Quy dinh ciia Bg Chinh tri khoa XI, ngay 25-4-2015, "Ve dan chu trong nghien cim Iy luan ehinh tri ttong cac co quan dang, nha nudc" nham bao dam quyin va nghia vu cua cac to chiic, ca nhan duge tu do sang tao, dgc lap suy nghT, kien nghi, dugc ton trgng, tiep thu y kien, van dung, su dung ket qua nghien ciiu trong cae hoat dgng nghien ciiu ly luan chinh trj, phii hgp vdi phap luat hien hanh (Le Hiiu
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Phuang thirc phat huy vai trd cua think tans..
NghTa, 2016); khich le su tranh luan, phan bien lan nhau giiia cac chuyen gia va think tanks ve cac van de co lien quan, Khich le cac chuyen gia va think tanks thong qua nhieu hinh thite khac nhau (nhu qua cdng thong tin dien tu, hgi thao khoa hge, hgi nghj tu van, bao ehi va truyen thong dai ehiing, xuat ban sach, tap ehi...) de the hien eong khai y kien, chinh kien ciia minh doi vdi nhiing van di quan trgng (trir nhiing van de thugc bi mat quoc gia).
Thif ba, kien loan the che quyet sdch theo hu&ng m& vd ddn chit; coi su tham gia ciia think tanks Id mot khdu khong the trong qud trinh chinh sdch cong.
Thdi gian qua. Dang va Nha nudc da thong qua nhieu phuang thiie de phat huy vai tro eua thmk tank. Tuy nhien, nhin tong the van con nhieu bat cap, ban ehe. Dien hinh la: (i) nhu cau dieh vu tu van chinh sach ciia khu vuc cdng doi vdi cac think tanks chua eao nen chua tao ra dgng lire manh me cho cac think tanks.
Do trong xay dung chinh sach, mgt so CO quan con nang ve tu duy kmh nghiem, coi nhe van de khoa hgc boa chinh sach nen chua that su tim den cac think tanks va dat hang cac think tanks. Hien tugng CO quan hoach dinh chinh saeh tu nghien ciiu, tu khdi thao ehinh sach, tu tham dinh chinh sach va tu quyet dinh chinh sach da tao ra mdt vong khep kin, thieu vang CO che ddc lap tu ben ngoai tham gia vao qua trinh tu van, phan bien chinh sach (Nguyin Trgng Binh, 2016). Ben
canh dd, "mdt so can bd lanh dao, quan ly chi chu trong den von tiin, vat chat ma ehua eoi trgng nguon nhan lue co trinh do cao. Van con hien tugng ngai tiep xiic, doi thoai, khong thuc su lang nghe, tham chi quy chup, nhat la khi tri thiie phan bien nhung chii truong, chinh saeh, nhiing de an, du an do cac co quan lanh dao va quan ly dua ra" (DCS Viet Nam, 2008); (ii) thieu eo ehi dk phat huy the manh va nang luc ciia cae think tanks vao qua trinh hoach dinh chinh saeh. Cac eo quan hoaeh dinh chinh sach chua da dang hoa cae hinh thiic de tuong tae va tranh thu su "trg giup" tir cac think tanks trong qua trinh xay dung va ban hanh cae chu truong, chinh saeh.
Viec tap hgp eae chuyen gia gioi d cac ITnh vuc khac nhau vao eae hgi dong, uy ban tu vin ehinh sach, viec lang nghe y kiin tu vin va phan bien eua cae think tanks chua duge coi trgng diing muc; (iii) viec thuc hien eong khai, minh baeh trong qua trinh ehinh saeh con chua dap img dugc yeu eau de ra. Do do, de phat huy tit vai trd ciia think tanks trong qua trinh chinh saeh eong, dgi ngii can bg lanh dao cin y thiic ro hon tim quan ttgng trong hoat dgng cua think tanks va coi ttgng su tham gia cua think tanks trong qua trinh chinh saeh; thuc hien cong khai thdng tin, minh bach trong boat dgng cua khu vuc cdng, nhit la trong boat dgng cua nha nudc; viec trung eau y kiin va liy y kiin ciia cac ehuyen gia, think tanks dii vdi cac chinh sach, quyet
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"J
NGUYEN TRONG BJNH
sach quan trgng c i n dugc xem la mgt khau bat budc va d u g c quy dmh trong cae van ban phap luat; eo co c h i d i phat buy vai ttd eua think tanks trong danh gia chinh saeh; dua dich vu tu v i n chinh sach eua think tanks vao pham vi va danh mue mua sam dich vu cua chinh phu. Theo do, can quy dinh ro bao eao tu van, phuong an chinh sach, thiet ke quy hoach va dir lieu, thdng tm dieu tra cua think tanks thugc vao pham vi va danh muc mua sam dieh vu eua chinh phu; thuc hien edng khai, minh bach va canh ttanh ttong dau thau de tai nghien cuu va mua sam dich vu tu van chlnh sach.
Thir tu, bdn thdn cdc think tanks cdn doi m&i ve to chirc va hogt dong nhdm ndng cao nang luc tu vdn chinh sdch.Tmng thdi gian qua, cac think tanks d nudc ta, nhat la think tanks thugc to chiic Dang, Nha nudc da eo nhihig dong gop quan trgng trong doi mdi the ehe. Tuy nhien, nhin chung nang luc va chat lugng boat dgng cua think tanks o Viet Nam van cdn mgt sd ban ehe. Do do, de nang eao nang lire va hieu qua boat ddng, cac think tanks can quan tam mgt so van de, nhu nhan thirc ro hon chiic nang, vai trd cua minh, de cao trach nhiem xa hgi trong boat dgng; ddi mdi to chiie va phuang thiic boat dgng; doi mdi quan ly nguon nhan luc nham tap hgp, su dung va phat buy dugc chuyen gia tai nang; xay dung mang ludi quan he on dinh vdi cae e a quan hoaeh dinh ehinh sach, doanh nghiep, cac think tanks trong va ngoai nudc, truyen thong dai chung va cae to
"d
ehue xa hdi; da dang hoa cac hinh thue n h i m t h i hien, cong b i thanh qua nghien ciiu ctia minh.
TAI LIEU TRICH D A N
1. DCS Tning Quic, 2017, Bdo cao Chinh tri tgi Dgi hoi Dai biiu todn quoc Idn thu XIX, http://cpc.peopIe.com.cn,
2. Van phong Tmng uang Dang va Van phong Quoc Vu vien, 2015, Y kiin ve tdng cudng xdy dung think tank theo mo hinh mdi dgc sdc Trung Qudc, hltp://www.gov.cn/
xinwen/2015-01/20/content_2807126.htm 3. Van phong Trung uong Dang va Van phong Quic Vu vien, 2017, Y kien ve thite day SUphdt tnin Idnh mgnh ciia think tanks xd hoi, http://www gov.cn.
4. Tap Can Binh, 2017, Cdn khoan dung vd bao dung nhieu hem doi vdi nhung y kiin phe binh den tit doi ngu tri thuc, http://news.163.com/17/0305/09.
5. Nguyen Trgng Binh, 2016, Phdt huy vai tro ciia to chiec tu vdn, nghien ciru chinh sdch trong ITnh vuc chinh sdch cong, Tap chi Ly luan Chinh tti, (4).
6. DCS Viet Nam Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn qudc Idn thu XII, 2016, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia - Su that. Ha Ngi, 2016.
7 Le Hiru NghTa, 2016, Thuc hdnh vd phdt huy ddn chii qua 30 ndm doi mdi. Tap chi Cgng san dien tir, ngay 11-3.
8. DCS Viet Nam, 2008, Nghi quyit Hgi nghi Idn thir bdy Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong khoa X vk xdy dung doi ngU tri thiec trong thdi ky day mgnh cong nghiep hoa. hien dai hoa ddt nirdc.
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