s62(244V.20lfi N G 6 N NGU" & Ddi S6NG 63
M G Q M S ^ veil BAN NGCI
LOI VA DE XUAT GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA Str DUNG LCrP Tir CHUYEN LOAI CHI BO
PHiiN CO THE NGirdl TRONG TIENG ANH
I M P R O V I N G LEARNERS' USE OF CONVERTED ENGLISH WORDS OF HUMAN BODY PARTS
H 6 NGQC TRUNG (TS; Vifn Dai hpc Md H^ Nfi)
Abstract: Previous research findmgs mdieate that most English words denoting human body parts undergo conversion, and in various ways. The converted words are then used as common words in the stock of Enghsh vocabulary, and become mfluential elements in the encodmg and decoding process. For this reason, if learners of EngUsh are well-equipped witii basic knowledge of tiiis special phenomenon of language, they will have advantages of producmg and receiving English texts. Withm the scope of the paper, we will identify and analyse the learners' mistakes in translatmg converted words of human body parts, and then put forwards some suggestions aimed at unproving tiie learners' use of these wonls.
Key words: words of human body parts; conversion; converted words; English vocabulary;
mistakes; translating; suggestions.
1. Dat van d^
Chuyen loai (conversion) la mft xu the van dfng co tinh pho quat trong mgi ngon ngft. Trong hai bai viet tnrdc day (xem Ngdn ngfi & ddi sdng so 6, 8/^015, Tu diin hpc &
Bdch khoa thu so 5(^015) chung toi da ehiing minh duge tinh hf th6ng dya trSn kha ndng san smh (productive) hay tinh pho bien efia hifn tugng chuyin loai cua cac tft ehi bg phdn eo thi ngudi (BPCTN) trong tien^ Anh (ti-ong su Uen he vdi tilng Vift). Cac ket qua nghiSn Cliu cho thay, phan ldn cac tft chi BPCTN deu cd ehuyen logi, va theo nhieu hudng khae nhau. Cac tft chuyen loai nay sau d6 dugc sft dung nhu mgt ldp tft phd thong tix)ng kho tang tft vyng tieng Anh, trd tiianh cdc yeu to cfl dnh hudng tryc tiep din qud trinh lap ma va giai ma. Bdi v^y, co thi khdng dinh rdng nlu ngudi hgc tieiig Anh dugc trang bi day dft cac kiln thftc cdu thiit vl hifn tugng ngfln ngft dac bift ndy sg cd nhilu Igi thi tiong vifc san smh vd tilp nhfn vdn bdn tieng Anh. Trong pham vi bai vilt
nay, chftng toi tien hanh khao sat loi cfia ngudi hgc nhdm nam bat miic do hieu biet cua ngudi hgc vl hifn tugng chuyin loai cac tii ehi BPCTN ti-ong tilng Anh, qua dfl dl xudt mft s6 gidi phdp hudng din ndng eao hifu qua sft dyng ldp tft nay eho ngirdi hgc.
2. Gidi thif u qud trinh khdo sdt D I tim hilu nhung kilu Ifli md ngudi hgc tilng Anh ed thi mdc phdi trong qud ti^nh dich cde tu chuyen logi thugc ldp tft chi BPCTN trong tilng Anh, chung tfli thyc hifn nghiSn cfin diln hinh 87 smh viSn ndm thft 4 (niSn khoa 2011 - 2015), thugc chuyen nganh BiSn - phien dich, nganh Ngon ngft Anh, Vifn Dgi hgc Md Hd Nfi. Chung toi chgn nhflm d6i tugng khdo sat nay ^^ cacli do sau:
- Thft nhdt, ddy la nhom sinh viSn c6 thdi gian hge tieng Anh nhieu nhdt d Khoa vdo thdi dilm kMo sdt. Khong kl khoang thdi gian tich Iuy v6n kiln thfte tieng Anh d bac hge pho thdng, sau ba nam hgc nganh Ngon ngft Anh d Vifn Dgi hge Md Ha Ngi, ngudi hgc da dugc trang H mft khoi lugng kiln
64 N G 6 N NGC* & BCfi S 6 N G S6 2 (244)-2016
thiic thyc hdnh tilng tuong doi ldn. Ngoai ra, nhflm sinh vien nay ciing dd dugc hgc tieng Anh qua cdc mfln hgc thugc khoi kien thftc vdn hda - v5n hgc va khoi kiln thftc li thuyet tilng. Nhu vgy, din thdi dilm khao sat, co thi khdng dinh sinh viSn da ed mot nen tdng kiln thftc tieng Anh rat tot Vdi mgt d6i tugng nhu vgy, loi san smh va tiep nhgn tieng Anh, vl mat li thuylt, s5 rdt la ban chl.
- Thft hai, vl kiln thiic chuyen nganh, nhdm d6i tugng khdo sat cimg da dugc trang bi kiln thftc va ki ndng dich ca ban. Sinh viSn dS dugc hpc cdc mon li thuyet va thyc hdnh dieh, cimg nhu la cac mdn bo trg cho Id ndng dich. Cd thi khdng dinh nhdm sinh viSn khdo sdt khdng nhihig dugc trang hi nhilu kiln thftc tilng, md con da tich Iuy dugc mft lugng kiln thftc va kT ndng dich dang ke. Sinh viSn dd dugc hgc cdch phan tich mft vdn bdn tirang qud trinh dich, cdc ylu t6 dnh hxiang din qud tiinh dieh thudt, edch ddnh gia mgt bdn dich, cdch xft li cu phdp va tft vyng,...
- Thft ba, ddy cung Id doi tugng dd ed mft thdi gian ddi tich Iuy v6n tft vyng tilng Anh nfli chung, v6n tft vyng vl cde BPCTN nfli riSng. Trong chuong trinh ddo tgo eft nhdn tilng Anh cua Vifn Bgi hgc Md Ha Nfi, ldp tft chi BPCTN dugc hgc trong cac gjdo trinh thyc hdnh tilng (vi dy nhu cac bai nghe, nfli, dgc, vilt efl chft de mfl td ngufli). Ngoai ra tft chi BPCTN cfln gap d nhieu mfln hgc khdc nhu tft vyng - ngft nghia hge (bai gidi thifu ve hifn tugng chuyin nghia, hifn tugng chuyin lo^), edc mon thyc hanh dich, Ii thuyet dich,...
- Cuoi cung, sd dl ehiing toi sft dyng kit qua khdo sdt loi dich de thn hilu thue trgng sft dyng lop tft chuyen logi chi BPCTN trong tilng Anh cfia ngudi hgc la \d Id ndng dieh, v6n dd dugc thfta nhan mgt each i^ng rai. Id tong hfla ede ki nang ngon ngft va kiln thue cfta ngudi hge.
Dl phyc vy cho edng vifc khao sat loi, ehung tfli thiet kl mgt bg cflng cy g6m eo 40 eau tieng Anh va 10 cdu tieng Vift ma ngudi
hgc phai dich. Trong moi cau tilng Anh d6u chfta it nhdt mft tft chi BPCTN dugc chuyen logi, eon d moi cau tilng Vift deu c6 it lilt ) mft nghia nao do cd thi chuyen dieh sang I tieng Anh bdng cdch sft dyng tft chuyen loji chi BPCTN.
Budc tiep theo chung toi tong hgp cdc bai dich eua sinh vien, va tien hanh nhdn difn, phdn tidi loi. Dya tren ket qud thu dugc vi thyc tl dao tgo nganh Ngon ngft Anh, chiing tdi se cd nhftng de xuat cho qud trinh dgy vi hgc tilng Anh nhim giup ngudi hgc ndng cao hifu qud sft dyng Idp tft chuyin logi cbl BPCTN hong tilng Anh.
3. Kit qua khao sdt
Chiing toi phan tich kit qud khdo sdt dya trSn ba tiSu chi danh gid bdn dieh cua tdc gi^
Larson M. L (1998: 51-56) - dd Id: ehfnh xdc (accuracy), ro rang (clearness), va ty nhiSn (natiirahiess). Theo Larson M. L (1998), bk dich phdi chuyin tdi chfnh xdc nghia nhu bdn g6e (tftc bdn dich khdng thSm, khdng lupc bd, khflng thay d6i nghia so vdi bdn glc), phdi diln dgt nghia rd rdng cho ngufli dpc, \k phdi cfl hlnh thftc ngdn ngft ty nhidn (ngdn ngft dieh/tilp nh§n), cd vl phong cdch I§n cau trfie ngft phdp.
Xudt phdt tft ba tidu chf ddnh gid trdn, qua khdo sdt 87 bai dich cfta smh vidn ndm tiift tir, chuyen nganh Bidn - phidn dich tgi Khoa tieng Anh, Vifn Dgi hge Md Hd Nfi, chfing tdi nhgn thay smh vien mdc phdi cdc kilu iSi dich lien quan den tft ehuyin logi thugc Iflp tii chi BPCTO trong tilng AJih nhu sau:
(i) Ldi xdc djnh tiir logi
Kilu l5i ndy xdy ra chu ylu do sinh viSo nham lan giiia danh tft goc vdi tft logi mdi dugc hinh thdnh tft qui trinh ehuyen logi. Vi dy, dgng tft beard trong cau The hoodlums bearded the old man bj hieu nhdm sang tit logi danh tft vd dugc chuyen djch sai thdnh b$
rdu. Trong thyc tl beard Id mgt dfng tft, v4 trong ngft canh niiy cd nghia Id nhd rdu, g^dt rdu. Trong cdu My waking came in drugged stages-I had been skulled, dfng tft skull dd bj
8^1044)^016 N G 6 N N G f & Ddi S 6 N G 65
hilu nham sang danh tft, vd dugc chuyin dieh sang tieng Vift thdnh ddu dc, tiong khi dftng ra phdi Id bj ddnh vdo ddu. Nh$n xdt mft cdch chu quan, kilu iSi ndy tiiudng khd xdy ra doi vol ngudi hgc 6 bgc cao do ddc diem tft logi cua tii dugc the hifn r5 ndt qua vai hd cua tft ti-ong cdu. Tuy nhidn, tii§t ddng tile chung toi van phdt hifn 13/87 (ehilm 15%) ngudi dugc khao sdt mdc phdi iSi nhu v|ly.
C ^ g thufc pham vi tft logi, ngudi hgc cdn mdc l5i xdc dinh kilu logi dgng tft dugc chuyin loai. Vf dy, d e^\xAs she leaned forward her pullover bellied out, dfng tii
belfy la mgt ngi dfng tft c6 nghia phinh ra, phdng ra bi xdc dinh nhdm thdnh ngogi dgng tft vd hi chuyin dich sai thdnh bi ldm phdng ra. Hay dgng tft lip d vi dy Beaches lipped by the surf rimming the Pacific h\ hilu sai Id mgt nfi dfng tft vd dugc chuyen dich thdnh dgp dinh trong khi dfng tft chuyin logi ndy tii|lt ra id mgt ngogi dgng tft bieu dgt ;^ nghia vd bd (trong edu ndy, beaches lipped by the surf nen hidu thdnh the surf lipped beaches - tftc sdng vd vdo bd). Kilu iSi ndy ed d 16/87 ngudi duge khao sdt, chilm 18,4%.
(II) Ldi xdc dfnh npi hdm nghta Chfing tdi nh$n thdy ddy Id kieu loi xdy ra khd ph6 biin d6i vdi nhflm sinh vidn khdo sat, cfl d 29/87 sinh vidn (33,3%). Smh vien mdc phai kilu loi ndy do khdng hilu, hilu chua thdu ddo, h o ^ hieu mgt cdch sai Ifch nfi hdm nghia cfta tft ehuyen logi. Vf dy, sinh vidn diln dgt nghia cfta dfng tft beard (trong cdu The hoodlums bearded the old man) sang tilng Vift thdnh xdng vdo, trong khi nghia dfing cua dfng tft ndy Id nhd, gidt rdu. Dfng tii throat d cau He throated something to the person next to him dugc chuyin dieh sai sang tieng Vift thdnh gdn cd lin cdi, trong khi ngfcua cfta dfng tft ndy Id ndi. hdt gipng khdn khdn (d cudng hpng). Dfng tft tounge d cau When the nurse brings your pill, just tongue it, if you don't want to take it dugc dich thanh phdt dm ho§c udn^ ludi, tixmg khi dftng ra phdi la ngdt dm bdng ludi. Dfng tii chuyin
logi bcu:k a c§u He had a newspaper empire backing him h\ hieu sai Ifch tfadnh d^ vdo lung, trong khi nghia dung cua tft ndy trong i ^ canh la dng hp.
Dgng txrgutij cdu If only he gutted her before he slitted her throat bj hidu sai thdnh cho dn, trong khi tft nay cd nghia la moi rupt. Dgng ttr finger a cau Thus far authorities haven't been able to finger the person who's been lighting fires aroimd town co n ^ a xdc dfnh, nhung bi hilu sai thanh dn hdi Ip. Tf hon, dfng tft neck d edu They were necking in the comer ofthe room con hi suy diln thanh thdt cd, trong khi nghia cfta dgng tft ndy la hdn, morn trdn (ai) dcd,...
Trdn ddy ehi la mgt so vi du tieu bieu cho kieu loi xdc dinh ngi ham n ^ a , vi trong thyc tl sinh vi&i mdc phdi logi l5i ndy trong rat nhieu edu dich. Didu dd cho thdy smh vien co kien thftc khd. hgn ehi ve lop tft chuyen logi lidn quan den BPCTN tirong tilng Anh.
(iii) Ldi xdc dfnh nghta phdi sinh ciia tie da nghfa
Tft chuyen logi nfli chung, va tft chuyen loai thu^c Idp tft chi BPCTN nfli ridng, thuflfng efl thuf e tfnh da nghia, vd day cimg la nguyen nhan chfnh dan den kieu loi (iii).
Khac vdi kilu loi (ii) xuat phdt tft nguydn nhan chua hilu nfi hdm nghia eiia ngudi hgc, kilu loi (iii) xdy ra do ngudi hgc, mac diu y thiic dugc hifn tugng ehuyin loai, khflng xdc dinh dugc nghia ndo trong so cac nghia phdi smh eua tft chuyin logi duge sft dung trong ngft canh. Vf dy, d cau The aisle vaults are lower, but are also ribbed and painted dfng tft rib ed nghia duprc tgo thdnh rdnh, h\
chuyin dich sai sang tidng Vift thdnh dugc ke thdnh dudng - v6n cung Id mft trong cdc nghia phai sinh eua tft ndy. Hay d cau His house is located at a back road, cam tft back road cd nghia la con dudng vdn^ (back ed nghia vdng ve, le), nhung hi chuyen dich sai sang tilng Vift thanh phia sau con dudng do ngudi dich xdc dinh nhdm sang nghia dphia sau, hgu, cung la nghia chuydn logi cfta back.
66 NGON N G C & Ddi S 6 N G S62(244)-2016 %
LSi ndy xay ra do ngudi hgc c6 gdng djdi tdt cd edc tft trong ngdn ngft nguon sang ngfln ' ngft dich, md khdng 3? thftc dugc rdng dich \h dya vdo nghia, chft Ididng dya vdo Unh thiic. .1 VI dy, d cdu Anh ta huych khuyu tay di hdng qua ddm ddng dfng tft AigScA AftwjJw /qy dugic 4/87 smh vien (4,6%) dien dgt thdnh elbow his ams, trong khi ban than dgng tii elbow ^ ed du thdnh td nghia tdc dfng (huych) vl ! edng cy (bdng kht^ toy). (5 cdu Cgu be dgi gid lin vai, rdi bdt daw budc di, eym tft d$!
gid lin vai dugc 7/87 smh vidn (8%) chuyin djeh mft cdch ddi ddng sang tilng Anh tMnh put the basket onto his shoulder, trong khi dfng tft shoulder vfta cfl fbdnh t6 nghia dgt, vfta ed thdnh t6 nghia vi tri trin vai (60 v^y cym tft shoulder the basket sd ngdn hon nhieu). Tucmg ty, d edu gwdn linh ddnh thpc vdo sudn cua dfch, cym tft ddnh thpc vdo sudn djch duge kha. nhieu sinh vidn (22/87 hay 25,3%) chuydn dich sang tilng Anh thdnh attack on the enejny's flank, ti^ng khi dgng tix flank, nlu dugc sft dyng, s2 ^fip c&i dich trd ndn ngdn ggn hon (flank the enen^
forces). Kit qud khao sat eho thdy kilu l5i (v) khd ph6 biin vdi trudng hgp dich tft tieng Vift sang tilng Anh.
(vi) Ldi kit hpp
Khdc vfli kieu loi (v), d kilu loi (vi) nguM dieh khdng sft dyng thfta tft, nhung 1^ sfi dyng tft khdng phft hgp vdd ngft ednh ho$c khdng tuong thich vdd ddi tugng ket hpp ciing (eoUocation), lam cho hinh tiiftc diSn dgt trd ndn khdng ty nhidn (tiic nghe khong
"xudi tai"). Vf dy d cau Con dudng re AAiic ve ben trdi, cfl din 31/87 (35,6%) ngudi djch da sft dyng cym tft turn left nhu Id hhih thfic diSn dgt tuong ducmg cua ri khiic vi bin frdi. Trong thyc te cym tft turn left trong tieng Anh thudng la mgt hanh dfng cfl chft dich, vd hdu nhu khdng ket hgp vdi chft thi Id mft v|t vd tii, v6 gidc nhu con dudng. S6 ty nhien hon nlu ngudi dich sft dyng dfng tft elbow, mft dfng tft dugc chuyin logi tft danh tft chl BPCTN: the lane elbows to the left.
Cdn d cau /n the end, he said a few interesting things to Orlando and Orlando chinned him, df n^ tft chin dugc sft dung vdi nghia ddnh vdo cdm, nhung lai bi hieu nhdm sang nghia ndng cdm efia dfng tft chuyin logi chin. Kit qua th6ng ke cho thdy cfl 13/87 (15%) smh vien mdc kilu loi (Hi), thdp hon so voi kilu loi (I/).
(iv) Ldi luprc bd nghta. hogc diin dgt nghta khdng ro rdng
Theo quan sdt ciia ehiing tdi qua eac bai dich, trong trudng hgp khdng biet nghia cfta tft chuyin logi hay khdng bilt cdeh dien dgt chinh xdc, sinh vien cd khuynh huong khdng dich cd cau, hodc vSn dich nhung Igi luge bfl hoac chuydn dich mft edch dai khdi khdng rd rdng. Vi dy, 17/87 (19,5%) sinh vidn dd khflng chuyin dich tft rib (a eau The aisle vaults are lower. but are also ribbed and painted) sang tieng Vift vi khdng bilt nghia eiia tft nay. Cimg do khong hieu dugc nghia cfta dfng tft belly d can Recruits were forced to belly over the obstacle course under simulated enemy fire Id bd, trudng (trin bifltg) ndn 3/87 (3,5%) smh vidn da dich mgt cdch dgi khdi thanh vu0 qua, lam mdt di nghia di chuyin trdn bf phdn CO the cfia dfng tft ndy. Dfng tft neck is cau They were necking in the comer ofthe room cung la mgt vf dy tuong ty. 11/87 (12,6%) sinh vidn chuyin dieh tft ndy mgt cdch chung chung sang tilng Vift Id tinh tie, thdn mgt, trong khi hlnh thftc diSn dgt tuong duong chinh xac cfta tft ndy, nhu dd dugc de cgp d kieu l5i (ii) Id hdn, mem trdn (ai) d cd (trong quan hf nam nft). Hay d cdu Part ofthe ritual of the awards ceremony is the nominee's lip praise for the performances of his or her competitors, 8/87 (9,2%) smh vien chl chuyen dieh cym tft lip praise sang tilng Vift thanh ldi tdn duong, vd do vgy nghia khdng chdn thdnh cfta tfnh tft lip da bj luge bd.
^ (v) Ldi diin dgt thua tie, ddi ddng Ididng cdn thiit
S^2(244Vjmfi NG6N NGC & B(n S6NG 67
4. Mgt so giai phip nang cao hifu qua sfr dvng Idp tur chuyin loai chi bf phfin cff thd ngirdi trong tieng Anh
Qua kdt quA phan tich loi cd thd nh|n tiidy nWn chung ngudi hgc tieng Anh vSn chua dugc chuan bi ddy du cae kiln tiiftc cdn tiiiet ve h i ^ tugng ehuyin logi cac tft chi BPCTN, ddn din hif u^qua sft dung lop tft nay cdn khd hgn che. Xudt phdt tii thyc tl ddo tgo d cdc tiirdng chuydn ngft d Vift Nam, eung nhu ftng dyng cdc kit qud nghidn cftu tiirdc ddy vl dgc diem ngft phdp, ngu nghia va hinh thftc tieng Vift tuong duong efia Idp tft chuyen logi chi BPCTN trong tilng Anh, chung tdi mgnh dan dd xudt mft so giai phdp nhdm giftp nang cao hifu qua sft dyng cdc tft chuyin loai thugc ldp tft chi BPCTN nhu sau:
(i) Bdi vdi chmmg tiinh, gido trlnh Khdng phft nhdn mgt thuc tl la trong mdy nSm gdn ddy chuong trinh ddo tgo ngdnh ngdn ngft Anh cfta nhidu trudng dgi hgc lidn tyc duge cdi tiln, tuy nhien qud trinh "ldm mdi" ndy dudng nhu van diua bdt kip xu the phdt trien ciia ngon n ^ ndi ehung, vd xu hudng phdt triin eua tidng Anh nfli ridng. Cfl nhihig hifn tugng trude ddy chi dftng Igi d mftc ghi nhdn, gid day da trd ndn pho biin, hifn tugng chuydn loai ldp tii chi BPCTN Id mft vf dy diln hlnh. Nhieu hifn tugng ngon ngft mdi ciing dd bdt ddu manh nha hinh thdnh. Thyc tl ndy phan dnh tinh hai m$t cua ngdn ngft: vira rdt "ngheo", nhung ciing viia rat "gidu". Sd di diung toi ndi ngdn ngft nghdo la ^^ d bdt ki mft ngfln ngft ndo eiing chi cd mgt so lugng hihi hgn chft vilt vd dm thanh. Vdi mgt so lugng chdt Ufu khidm t6n nhu vgy, ngdn ngii bugc phdi vfn dfng ti-dn nin tdng ty thdn, tiet kifm, vd day ehfnh Id eo sd cho nhin xdt d vl thft hai: ngfln ngft rat gidu vl phuong thftc tgo tft, rdt phong phft ve phuang thftc bilu dat nghia, rjidm phyc vy cho myc dfch giao tiep ngdy edng da dgng, phftc tgp.
Todn bg nfi dung chfing tdi vfta dl c|p d trdn nhdm giiip chung ta tiidy dugc mft mdu
thuan \(m dang tha tgi d nhidu cor sd dao tgo cd ngdnh Ngon ngft Anh: ban chat ciia tieng Anh Id luon trong qud trinh van dgng, nhung chuong trinh va gido trinh lai cd khuynh hudng on dinh, sft dyng trong thdi gian dai.
H|u qud cua mau thuan ndy Id hifn na;^ nhieu chuong trinh, gido trinh tilng Anh hSu nhu khdng phdn dnh dugc nhftng xu hudng phdt triin mdi nhdt eua ngdn ngft, trong dfl co xu huflmg chuyen logi Idp tft chi BPCTN trong tilng Anh. Nhdm dl Ididc phye tinh trgng dd, chftng tdi thiit nghi d phuang difn chuong trinh, gido trinh chftng ta can thuc hifn mft s6 bifn phdp sau:
Rd sodt Igi todn bg chuang trinh ddo tgo, ehbih sfta, hb sung theo hudng c$p nh|t hfla. Gidm thilu nhihig mdn hge, ehuyen dl khdng cdn tfnh thdi sy, khdng cd tfnh ftng dyng trong b6i ednh hifn tgi, b6 sung nhihig chuydn de ty chgn, vi du nhu chuyen de ve hifn tugng chuyin ddi tft logi cdc tft chi BPCTN tixmg tilng Anh, nhdm tdng tfnh thdi sy vd hdp din cua chuong tiinh dao tgo.
- Tiln hdnh khdo sdt tfnh lidn tyc, kl thira ve m$t kiln thfte ngdn ngft giiia cde mdn hgc trong todn bf chuang trinh ddo tgo nhdm phdt hifn, dieu chinh va can doi lai thdi lugng gidng dgy nhihig hifn tugng ngon ngft duge Idp lgi giiia cdc mdn hgc hodc ti-ong ciing mft mdn hgc. Thdi lugng tilt kifm duge s6 ddnh cho vifc bo sung, gidi thifu cdc hifn tugng ngdn ngft mdi, trong dd ed hifn tugng ehuyin logi Idp tft chi BPCTN trong tieng Anh.
- D6i vdi gido trinh, hgc Ufu, cdn chinh If, cgp nhdt sau moi khda dao tgo. Doi vdi gido trinh thye hanh tieng, hifn tugng chuyin logi tft chi BPCTN cdn duge gidi thifu cfl tfnh hf thong, kl tiiira, vd tot han ca Id dugc th ehftc theo chuydn myc, chft khdng phdi la mft vdi tft rieng Id xuat hifn mft cdch ngdu nhidn trong gido trinh tiiyc hdnh tieng.
- Doi vdi giao tiinh mdn hgc Tft vyng - ngft nghia hgc, trong bai hgc hifn tugng chuyin loai (conversion) cdn bo sung chuydn myc gidi thifu hifn tugng chuyen lo^ Iflp tft
68 NGON N G f & fiCd S 6 N G S62(244)-2016
m
chi BPCTN trong tidng Anh, nham ndng cao y thftc va kiln thftc ciia nguoi hgc ve tinh hf thdng ciia hifn tugng ngdn ngft^ nay.
- D6i vdi gido tiinh li ibuydt va tiiye hanh dich cdn cd b6 sung gidi thifu cac xu huflng chuyin nghia yd cac hudtig dien dgt tuong duang trong tilng Viet nhdm hgn chl cdc l5i dich nhu chfing tdi dd de cap d myc 3 cfta bdi vidt nay.
(ii) Boi vdi n^wdi dgy
Hifn nay phdn ldn gido vidn t6 chftc bai gidng dya tren nfi dung gido trinh, chua md rfng gioi thifu cac hifn tugng ngdn ngu mdi.
Nhdm giftp ngudi hgc nang cao hifu qua sft dung tft chuyin logi thugc lop tft chi BPCTN, nguoi day can cd nhihig thay doi trong nhdn tbftc, phuang phdp gidng dgy vd hhih thftc trayin tai bdi gidng din ngudi hge nhu sau:
- Ban than ngudi dgy can phdi '</ thfte qud trinh "dang van dgng" (on-going process) eua ngdn ngft nfli chung, va ciia tieng Anh nfli rieng. Khdng ngftng trau ddi kiln thftc chuyen mdn sao cho khdng bi tut hau d6i vdi qua trinh phdt tridn cfta ngdn ngft ma minh dang gidng day. Ngudi day cdn phdi nh|n thfitc dugc rdng hifn tugng chuydn logi cdc tft ehi BPCTN ti-ong tieng Anh dd trit tiidnh mft hifn tugng phd bidn, hogt dgng theo nhihig xu huong ehuyin logi, chuyin nghia mgt cdch cfl hf thdng.
- Ngudi dgy can thuc Iiif n phuang phdp lay nguoi hgc lam trung tdm mgt each trift de, nhanh chflng chuyen dich tft quan dilm
"cung cap cho ngudi hgc nhung gi minh cd"
sang quan diem "cung cdp nhung gi ngudi hge edn". Nhu cau cua ngudi hgc ludn la duge cung edp nhftng kiln thfte mdi, ed tfnh hf thdng. Nhiing kiln thftc thft vi vd hifn tugng chuydn dfli tft logi Idp tft ehi BPCTN trong tidng Anh ludn cd tmh hap dan nguoi hgc.
- Ngudi dgy co thi cung cdp cho ngudi hgc kiln thftc vd hien tugng chuyin logi lop tft chi BPCTN duoi nhieu hinh thftc: chuyen de, chuydn muc, hodc Ifing ghep vao bai
gidng khi gdp tft chuyin logi thuge lop tft ndy.
Vifc gioi thifu eac hudng chuyin logi, cdc hudng diln dgt tuong duong trong tilng Vift, nhiing I§i ngudi hgc thudng mic phai troi^
qua trinh dich, cdc giai phap khdc phyc l5i,.., sd gdj) phan nang cao hifu qud sft dyng tii chuyen logi thugc Idp tft chi BPCTN trong tieng Anh.
(Hi) Bdi vdi ngudi hgc
Ket qud phdng vdn tryc tilp cho thay sinh vidn chua y thftc dugc sy t6n tai cfta mot hf thfing tft chuyin logi lidn quan din ten goi BPCTN trong tilng Anh, eiing nhu chua dugc cung cdp ede thfing tin cy thi ve hifn tugng ehuyin logi efia ldp tft nay, ddn din hf lyy Id cdc kilu loi nhu da de cap d tren. Vdi d6i tugng ngudi hgc chfing tdi thidt nghi zha.
thyc hifn mft so giai phap sau:
Nguoi hgc can chu dgng tidp can thong tin, tranh hoan toan If thufc vao kien thftc hong giao trinh, tranh If thugc den mftc thy dgng vdo kien thftc tft bai giang cfta giao vidn. Thudng xuydn md rfing kiln thftc ve ngfin ngft tieng Anh nfli chung, vd vl hien tugng chuyen logi lop tft chl BPCTN noi ridng, tft ede tdi Ufu chuydn khao, tham khdo, tft cdc nguon hgc lifu md.
Ngudi hgc edn dugc gioi thifu hien tugng ehuyin loai eac tft chi BPCTN tixmg tieng Anh mdt each hf th6ng: tft danh muc tir cd chuydn logi, cac xu hudng chuyin logi, chuyin nghia, cho den cde hudng ehuyin dich tirong duang trong tilng Vift, cac iSi thudng hay mdc phai trong qud tiinh dich,...
Khfing chi ndm bdt Idln thfte vl hifn tugng chuyen logi, nguoi hgc edn can ph^
tiiudng xuyen v|ln dyng su hilu bilt cfia mhih vao trong thuc ti giao tidp, qua cdc boat dfng nhu vilt, nfli, dich. Cfl nhu thd ngudi hgc ra.(A cd thi chuyin dfii trang thdi kiln thftc tii thy dfng (passive) sang chu dfng (active).
Cdc giai phdp ndu trdn can dugc tiiyc hien mft each dfing bg, cd kl hogch cy thi. Cdc co sd dao tao can uu tien thyc hifn nhdng gidi phap cd the thuc hien ngay nhu cdi tien cdc
So2J244)^016 N G 6 N NGtr & B d i S 6 N G
phuong phip day - hpc, dSng th6i ISn kS ho^h thyc hi|n nhOng giai phdp d6i hoi nhieu thin gian thvrc hi$n hon, vi dv nhu nh6m giai phip lien quan d&i vifc ra soit, chinh sila chuong liinh din tao, giio trinh.
5. K i t lufin
^ K e t q u i nghien c\lu cho thiy ngudi hpc tieng Anh vlin chua n h | n thuc day du, ciing nhu chua du^c trang bi tot k i t o thuc v^ hifn tupng chuyin loai c i c t d chl BPCTN trong tieng Anh va cac hinh thiic diln d?t tuong duon^ trong tifag Viet. Thuc trang n i y dg dan den nhthig loi sii dung lign quan d i n ldp tii chuyen loai chi BPCTN. Dg giilp nguoi hpc ning cao kha n i n g hilu bilt va v i n dyng tit tir chuyin lo?i thupc 16p tir chi BPCTN trong tieng Anh doi hoi phii c6 su thay d l i co tinh chit dong bo 6 c i c vdn d l : chuong trinh dao tao, giio trinh, hoat dOng day v i hpc.
T A I L I E U T H A M kHAO V A T R I C H D A N Tieng Vift
1. L4 Bign (1995), Tirloifi lieng Vift hifn dgi, Nxb D^i hpc Quic gia H i Npi.
2. D8 Httu Chau (1997), Cdc Mnh difn cua tir va tir tieng Viit, Nxb D^i hpc Quoc gia H i Npi.
3. D6 Httu Chau (19961, TH vjmg ngU nghia tiing Vift, Nxb D^i hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi.
4. Hoang Van Hanh, Ha Quang Ning, Nguyin van Khang (1998), Tir tieng Viit. Nxb Khoa hpc X i hpi.
5. H i L« (2003), cdu Igo tir lieng Vift hifn dgi, Nxb Khoa hpc X5 hOi.
6. Ha Quang Ning (1998), Dgc tnmg ngir nghig citg hifn tu^mg chuyen logi cac dan vj tir vung tiing Vift, Tilng Vi?t v i cic ng6n ngtt Bong Nam A, Nxb Khoa hpc X i hOi, H i NOi, tr.
141-144.
7. Le Quang Thiem (2008), JVgff nghid hgc, Nxb Giao diic
8. H i Ngpc Trang (2015), Bgc tnmg ngU phdp cug hifn tuang chtryen logi cdc tit chi bo phgn ca Ihi nguii Irong liing Anh, T?p chl Ngon ngtt & dcri song, s l 6, tr. 36-40.
9. H I Ngpc Trang (2015), Dgc trung ngU nghta cua hifn tugng chuyin logi cic tit chi bg
phgn ca Ihi nguii Irong tieng Anh, T^p chi Ngdn ngtt & din sing, s l 8, tr. 45-53.
10. H i Ngpc Trang (2015), Hifn tugng chuyen logi cdc lit chi bg phdn_ ca Ihi nguai trong tiing Anhvd phuang Ihic dien dgi luang duang Irang tiing Vift, Tjp chi Til dien hpc & Bich khoa thu, s l 5, U. 50-55.
Tiing Anh
11. Antiushina G.B., Afanasyeva O.V., Morozov N.N. (1985), English lexicology.
Moscow: Vuxaia Skola
12. Brace 1. (1998), The role of "sense" in Gottlob Frege's theory of meaning. An essay.
University of New England, NSW, Australia.
13. Bybee J. (1985), Morphology. Amsterdam:
Benjamins.
14. Dang Tran Cuong (2001), Lectures on English lexicology. Unpublished.
15.Greeraerts D. (2010), Theories of lexical semantics. Oxford Univereity Press.
16. Hoang Tat Traong (1993), Basic English lexicology. Hanoi: Vietaam National University Larson, M. L. (1998), Meaning-based translation. New York: University Press of America.
17. Larson M. L (1998), Meaning-based translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence, Second Edition. UPA.
18. Nguyen Hoa (2004), Understanding English semantics. Hanoi: VNU Publishing House.
19. Plag 1. (2002), fVord formation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20. Sanders G. (1988), Zero derivation and the overt analogue criterion. Theoretical Morphology. Approaches in Modem Linguistics.
Eds. M. Hammond & M. Noonan. San Diego:
Academic Press.
Nguon tir dien
21. ri- diin Anh - Anh - Viit, Nhi xuat ban VSn h6a Thong tin, 1999.
22. Tit diin Anh - Vif I, Nhi xuat bin Tvr dien Bich khoa, 2010.
23. Tit diin Anh - Anh - Vif I, Nhi xuat bin Dai hpc Quic gia Ha NOi, 2014.
24. http;//tratu.coviet.vn/
25. http://vdiot.com/
