GIAM SAT, PHAN BIEN XA HOI, MINH BACH THONG TIN TRONG LlNH VUC QUAN LY DAT DAI - N H Q N G HAN CHE BAT CAP
VA GIAI PHAP HOAN THIEN
Vd Dlnh Todn' Le Tki Tkiiy Nga^
Tom tdt tieng Viit: Bai viit Idmro ckd thi vd hinh thuc cua ca cki gidm sdt, pkdn bi^n xd hdi vd mink bgch thang tin; cdch tiip can de nhdn thuc ding npi dung quy dinh cua phdp^ lugt ddt dai kien hdnh ve gidm sat, pkdn biin xa hpi, minh bgch thdng tin vd nhgn diin mpt sd kgn chi cdn tdn tgi trong ca chi gidm sdt, pkdn biin xa kpi va minh bgch thdng tin trong link vuc ddt dai nhu thieu ca chi phdp ly khd tki, chua quy dinh ro trdck^ nkiim gidi trink trong qudn ly ddt dai, nang luc gidm sdt vqphdn bi^n xd hdi cua cdc chu thi con hgn cki... Tren casd do, bdi viet de xudt mdt vdi khuyin nghi nhdm ndng cao hiiu qua kogt dpng gidm sdt, pkdn biin xd hpi. minh bgch tkdng tin trong link vuc qudn ly ddt dai, nkdm bdo dam tkifc kien nguyen tdc ddt dai tkude sd kOu todn ddn do nkd nu&c dai dien chU sd hieu vd thdng nkdt qudn ly.
Tir khda: Ca chi gidm sdt; qudn ly ddt dai; mink bgch thdng tin ddt dai.
Nhgn bdi: 05/01/2017; Hodn thdnh biin tap: 05/02/2017; Duy?t ddng: 05/03/2017 Tom tdt tieng Anh:
Abstract: This article clarifies subject and form of supervision meckanism, social feedback and transparency of information; tke approach to rigktly understand regulations of tke current law on land on supervision, social feedback and transparency of information in land suck as lacking of feasible mechanism of law, not having given responsibility of accountability in management of land, capacity of supervision and social feedback of subjects are limited. Basing on that, this article gives some recommendations to enhance effect of supervision activity, social feedback, transparency of information in management of land with the aim to implement
regulation that tke land belongs to the people and the state represents as owner and unifies tke management
Keywords: Supervision mechanism; management of land; transparency of information.
1. Chu the giam sat, phan bien xa hfi, frong vide quan ly ddt dai tai dia pfaucmg u u„-u *i.ft-„ *=_ (^y^om 2'Dilu 25 Ludt Ddt dai 2013).
Khi thyc Men quan ly ddt dai, co quan nhd nudc phdi ehiu sy giam sat cua cac chft thd gidm sat vd phdn bidn xa hdi cd thd bao gdm:
- Cdc td chftc chinh tti - xa hdi bao gdm:
Mat trdn Td qude Viet Nara vd cdc td chftc thanh vien cfta Mat ttgn;
- Cdc td chuc xa hdi, xa hdi - nghd nghifp;
hdi, bifp hpi, lidn hifp hdi;
- Ca nhdn cdng dan cd the la nhd khoa hpc, cbuyen gia, ddi tupng chiu sy tac dpng minh bgch thdng tin
Theo quy dinh tai^ Didu 24 Ludt Ddt dai ndra 2013, hf tfadng td chuc co quan qudn Iy ddt dai dupe td chftc thdng nhat tft trung uong ddn dia phuong. Co quan qudn ly nba nudc vd dat dai d trung uong Id Bd Tai nguydn va Mdi trudng. Co quan qudn ly dat dai d dia phuang dupc thdnh lap d tinh, thdnh phd true thudc trung uang vd d huyfn, qudn, tfai xa, thdnh phd tfaudc tinh; td chftc dieh vu cdng vl ddt dai dupc thanh lap va hoat ddng theo quy djnb cua CMnh pbft.
Cdng chftc dia chinh d xa, phudng, tM ttdn true tidp vd gidn tiep cfta quydt dinh, chinh cd ttdch nMdm giup Uy ban nhdn dan cdp xa sach...
' Tien sJ, Vi?n Khoa hgc phip \y - Bg Tir phap
^ Thae sJ, vifin Khoa hgc phip ly - Bg Tu phdp
D I thyc hifn minb bach tbdng tin trong quan ly ddt dai, trdch itiii|ra cua Nhd nudc ttong vifc xdy dung, cung cap tfadng tin dat dai dupc quy dinh tai Dilu 28 Luat Dat dai 2013 nhu sau;
- Xdy dyng, quan ly he tbdng thdng tin ddt dai va bdo dam quyen tidp cgn ciia td chftc, ed nhan ddi vdi hf thong thdng tin ddt dai.
- Cdng bl kip thdi, cdng khai thdng tin thupe he tfadng tiidng tin ddt dai cho td chftc, cd nhan, frft nhung tbdng tin thudc bi mat theo quy dinh cfta phap Mat.
- Thdng bao quyet dinh faanh chinh, bdnh vi hanfa cMnb trong ITnh vyc qudn I^ ddt dai cho td ehfte, cd nhdn bi dnh hudng quydn va lpi fch hpp phdp.
- Co quan nha nudc, ngudi cd thdm quydn ttong qudn ly, sft dyng dat dai cd trdch nhiem t^o ffidu kidn, cung cap thdng tin vd dat dai cho td chftc, cd nhdn tiieo quy dinh cua phdp luat.
2. HMh thuc giam sat va phan bien xa hoi, mmh bach thong tin trong quan \f ddt dai
Trong mdi nha nudc ddn cbft ddu cd nhiing CO cfae, nhiing hinh thfte, phucmg tbuc thfch hpp dd bdo dam quyen dan chft cua nhan dan ttong vifc tham ^ia quan ly nha nudc ndi chung, qudn ly ddt dai ndi ridng. Trong hogt ddng giam sat, phan bidn xa fadi vd minh bach thdng tin tuy thudc vao cbu tiid vd ddi tupng khac nfaau ma cd nhung hinh thfte, phucmg tfaftc phft hpp.
Ddi vai chu thi la cd nhdn cdng ddn, cd rdt nMeu Mnh thfte gidm sdt va phan bien xa hdi do nhan dan true tilp thyc hidn, cu thi Id:
- Giam sat vd phan bien qua cac hinh tbftc tidp xftc, ddi tiiogi true tidp vai nhdn dan, vdi cft tti;
- Giam sat va phdn bifn thdng qua viec tiiyc hidn cac Quy che ddn chu d ca sd, d ca quan, dem vi, doaiih nghifp;
- Giam sa,t vd phan bien thdng qua vifc tiiye hidn quyin khilu ngi, td cao va kiln nglii;
- Giam sat va phan bidn thdng qua du Man xa hpi, eac phuang tidn thdng tin dai ehung;
tnmg eau dan y; tham gia gdp y vao cac du thao chinh sach, pfadp Mat;
- Gidm sat va phdn bidn thdng qua cac td chftc xa bdi cbuydn trdch;
Ddi vdi chii thi Id cdc td chuc (Mat ttdn To qudc, doan thd nhdn ddn, td chftc xd hdi...), ddy id nhiing thidt che dan sy dan xen trong cdu tnic quydn Iyc nhd nuac, thuc hifn giam sat xd hdi va phan bidn xa bpi vfta Id thara gia vao hinh tbanh quyen Iuc cMnh tri, vfta chuyen tai nhu cdu, nguyfn vpng cua cdc nhdm Ipi Ich trong xd hdi. Phuang thfte gidra sdt vd phdn bidn cua cdc chft thd nay ciing vi the md pfadi vua bao ddm ti'nh cWnh kidn cua rainh, ddng thdi bdo dara tfnh dai ffifn cfta cdc thanh vien.
Chdng ban, ddi vai Mat trdn Td qudc Vidt Nam, tbi cd thd cd nhirng hinh tfaftc nfau: To chftc cupc hpp; td chftc cdc hdi ngbi chuydn dl, cdc hoat ddng chuydn mdn; td chftc ddi thoai tryc tiep vdi ca quan, td chftc; td cbftc lay y kidn cfta nhdn dan, cac thanh vidn, chuydn gia;... Ddy Id cdc phuong thfte quan ttpng co the tdp hpp dupc y cM, nguyfn vpng cfta ddng ddo qudn ehung nhan ddn, cac thdnh vidn de kdt tinh lai thdnh nhftng dd xudt, kidn ngM hpp ly ddi vdi Ddng vd Nha nude.
3. Quy dinh phap luat Viet Nam ve giam sdt, phan bien xa hoi va minh bach thong tin trong linh vvc dat dai
LuatDdtdai 2013 vaNgfaj ffinh 43/2014/ND- CP ngay 15 thang 5 ndm 2014 da xac lap co sd phdp Iy CO ban cho vifc gidm sat tryc ^kp cua ngudi dan. Lugt Ddt dai dupc ban hdnh vd cd hifu luevdongdyOl tiidng7nam20l4taiDilu21 quy dinh: "Qudc hpi thuc kiin qi^en^idm sdt tdi cao ddi v&i viic qudn ly vd sie dung ddt dai trong phgm ;;' vf cd nu&c. Hpi ddng nhdn ddn cdc cdp gidm sdt viec thi hdnh phdp ludt vi ddt dai tgi dia phuang".
Didu 198 Luat Ddt dai nam 2013 chi ro
"Qudc hpi, Hdi ddng nhdn ddn cdc cdp thuc hien quyin gidm sdt ve qudn ly vd sic dung ddt dai theo quy dinh cua Hien phdp vd Lugl hogt dpng gidm sdt cua Qudc hpi, Ludt td chuc Hoi ddng nhdn ddn vd Uy ban nhdn ddn. Mat trdn Td qudc Viet Nam, cdc to chiec thank vien ciia Mat trdn thuc hien quyen gidm sdt vi qudn l^
vd su dung ddt dai theo quy dinh ciia Hiin pkdp, Lugt Mat trdn Td qudc Viet Nam vd quy dinh khdc cua phdp ludt cd liin quan". Dieu
o
199 quy dinh "Cdng ddn ed qiQfin tu minh hoge thdng qua cdc td chirc dgi diin thuc hiin quyen gidm sdt vd pkdn dnk cdc sai phgm trong qudn ly vd ste dung ddt dai".
Nhu vdy Lugt Ddt dai nam 2013 da dua ra cdc quy djnh phdp cy the dl thuc hifn hogt ddng gidm sat, phdn bidn xa bdi vd minh bgch thdng tin thd Mfn d nhiing quy djnh cy thd ve trmh tu, thu tue thu hdi ddt nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, Lugt Ddt dai ndra 2013 da bd sung quy djnh lay y kidn vd quy hoach, kd hogch sft dyng dat. Dieu 43 Ludt Ddt dai ndm 2013 quy djnh ca quan, td chfic lap quy hogch, kd hogch sfi dyng dat cd ttdch nhidm td chftc lay ^ kidn ddng gdp cfta nhdn ddn vd quy hoach, kd hoaeh sft dyng ddt'. Hinh thfte, npi dung va tiidi gian ldy y kidn nhan dan vd quy hogch, ke hogch sft dung ddt dupe thue hien
^ffisau:
f7?c lay y kiin ddng gdp cua nhdn ddn:
Quy hogch, kd hogch sft dyng ddt edp qudc gia, cdp tinh; thue Men thdng qua hinh tbftc cdng khai thdng tin ve nfi dung efta quy hogch, ke hogch sft dyng dat ttdn frang thdng tin didn tu cfta Bd Tdi nguydn va Mdi trudng, UBND edp tmh. Quy hoach, kd hogch sft dyng ddt cdp huydn: thyc Men thdng qua hinh tbftc td ehfte hdi nghj, lay y kidn tryc tidp va cdng khai thdng tm vd npi dung cua quy faogcfa, kd faogeh sft dyng dat frdn trang thdng tin difn tft cfta UBND cdp tinh va UBND cap buyen.
Ndi dung Idyy kien nhdn ddn vi quy hogch, ki hogch su dgng ddt gdm: eac chi tidu quy hoach, kd hogch sft dyng ddt, cdc du an cdng trinh thyc hidn ttong ky quy hogch, kl hogefa sft dung ddt;
Thdi gian Idy^ y kien ve quy hogch, ke hogch sir dgng ddt Id 30 ngdy kd tft ngay ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen quydt dinh td efaftc ldy y kidn.
Nfau vay, cae quy dinfa chi tilt vl ldy y kiln cua nhdn dan trong Lugt Ddt dai nam 2013 (la dam bao cho ngudi dan dupe bidt nhung vdn
dl cd khd ndng dnh hudng ddn quydn lpi, ddi sdng cfta bp. Hon nfia, vifc thara vdn y kidn ngudi ddn frong qua trinh lap quy hogch, ke hoach sft dung ddt cdn giftp nang cao tinh khd thi cfta quy hogch, kd hogch sft dyng dat, ddng thdi tgo CO sd pbap Iy xac lap trdch nhiem cfta cdc CO quan nhd nude cd thdm quydn frong vifc tham vdn y kidn cfta ngudi ddn khi l^p quy hoaeh, kd hogch sft dung dat.
Th^ hai, vide tham vdn ngudi dan frong lap, tham dinh phucmg dn bdi thudng, hd frp, tai dinh cu dugc Ludt Ddt dai nam 2013 quy dinh chi tidt dd thuc Men nfadt quan tgi cac ffia pfauong. Trong dd, td chftc lam nhifm vu bdi thudng, gidi phdng mat bdng cd frdeh nMfm lap phuang an bdi thudng, ho frp, tdi dinh cu va phdi hop vdi UBND cap xd noi cd ddt thu hdi td chuc ldy ^ kidn vd phuong an bdi thudng, h5 frp, tdi dinh eu theo hinh tfaftc td cbftc hop tryc tidp vdi ngudi ddn trong khu vuc cd ddt thu hdi, ddng thdi nidm ydt cdng khai phuong an bdi tbudng, bo ttp, tdi dinh cu tai try sd O B N D cap xa, dja didm sinh hogt chung cfta khu dan cu noi cd dat thu hdi. Vide td chftc ldy y kien phdi dupc lap thanh bidn ban cd xac nhdn efta dm didn UBND edp xa, dai difn fty ban Mat ttgn Td qudc Viet Nam cap xa, dai difn nhtmg ngudi cd dat tfau fadi.
Thu ba, Lugt Ddt dai ndm 2013 bd sung quy djnh vd cdng dan cd quyen ty minh gidra sat hode thdng qua cde td chftc dgi difn thyc hien quydn gidm sat vd phdn dnh cac sai phgra ttong qudn Iy va sft dung ddt dai.
4. Mft so han che trong ca che gidm sat, phan bien xa hoi, minh bach thdng tin trong ITnh vuc quan ly dat dai
Thu nhdt, thieu ca che phdp ly ddng bd da dnh hu&ng din chdt lugng, hiiu qua cua kogt dpng gidm sdt, phdn bien xd hpi vd minh bgch thdng tin trong qudn ly ddt dai
Do thd ehd vd gidm sat xa hdi vd phan bifn xa hdi cdn tMdu nhiing quy dinh cu tfad vd trach nhifm cua ca quan nha nudc trong vide giai
' Trudc day, theo quy djnh Luat D i l dai nim 2003 (khoan 5 Difiu 25), ph^m vi liy y kifin dong gop han chfi. do li chi thuc hifin doi vdi quy hogch sir dyng dit cua x i khong n5m frong khu virc quy hoach phat frifin do thi dugc l|p chi tifit gin vdi thiia dit.
quylt, ttd ldi nhfing phdt Mfn, kidn ngM va ttach nhiem ttong vifc dap ung cdc didu kidn cdn tiuit cho hogt ddng gidm sdt, phan bien xa hdi nen Mfu luc phdp ly vd Mfu qud thuc td cfta hogt dpng giara sdt vd phdn bidn xa hdi cdn thap. NMdu ngudi ddn td cdo cdn bp tham nbung, dilu fra, xet xft cho ngudi M oan, ftc Mip nhdn ddn nhung co quan ed thdm quyen khdng tidn fadnh kidm tra, hogc tidn hdnh qua chdm ndn vide xft 1^ khdng ngMdm minb hoac dl nhdn dan bdt bmh, ede ca quan bdo chi phan dnh mdi dupc xem xet gidi quydt nhu vy lan cMdm ldng hd laly d Ddng Nai, vu cudng chd tiiu bdi ddt d Tien Lang - Hdi Phdng... Co chd phdn hdi gifta ca quan nhdn kdt qud khdng ro rang ndn nMlu kM da khdng ddnh gid dupc Mdu qua, Mfu lyc boat ddng phan bifn frdn thye tl.
Mat khdc, raudn gidra sdt thj ngudi dan phdi dupe tidp can vd dupc cung cap day du thdng tm vd dat dai. Tuy nhidn, Ludt Tidp can thdng tin dupc ban hanh can phai nhanh chdng xdy dyng cdc van ban hudng din tM hanfa dd ed rapt fadnfa lang pfadp ly cfao ngudi dan tfaye faifn quyen tidp can thdng tin. NMdu co quan nhd nudc, cdng chftc nha nudc lay cd tiidng tin ma ngudi ddn mudn tidp edn Id thdng tin mdt faoae Myft mdt khdng dupe phep cung cap de tft chdi.
Ben canh dd, Ludt Giara sdt xa hpi ehua dupc ban hanh ndn khdng tgo lap co sd phdp ly dd ngudi dan cd thd gidm sdt vide qudn ly nha nudc ve dat dai. Trdn thuc te, ngudi clan gap rdt nMdu khd khan ttong vifc gidm sdt vl ddt dai. Mat khae, cd khdng it ngudi dan ed tam ly e ngai vide minh gidm sdt ye ddt dai tM kM cd cdng vide de nghi cfainfa quyen gidi quylt se bi gdy khd dd.
Hon nua, tdc dung ctia viec gidm sat ttong lihh vuc ddt dai eiia ngudi ddn Mdu qud tiidp. Phap luat chua quy dinh chl tdi xft ly dft mgnh ddi vdi trudng hpp co quan nha nude, cdng chftc nhd nudc khdng tidp thu, thuc Men nbiing khuyin ngfai cua ngudi dan tiidng qua boat ddng gidra sat.
Tku hai, ca chi gidm sdt, phdn biin xd hpi, minh bgch thdng tin ddi khi con hinh thicc, ckua quy dinh ro trdch nhiim gidi trinh trong qudn ly ddt dai
Trong hoat ddng giam sat va phdn bifn xa hpi chi khi dugc tham vdn y kiln vl vdn dd gi
tbi cdc chft the mdi vao cupc tim Mdu yd len tidng, chua chft dpng tim Mdu cdc vdn dd ngay khi nd phat sinh dl ndm bdt thdng tin kip thdi cd nhui^ phdn bdi chdt lupng. Ddi kM su tham gia cbi cho ed, ndu y kidn mdt cdch de ddt, kbdng raanh dgn ddt van dd ldn dn hay ddu franh cbo xa hpi ngay ca khi vdn de dd dnfa budng true tilp den quyen lpi ciia cdc thdnh vien td chftc minb, tham chf cdn cd tinh ne trdnh. CMnh sy khdng rd rang vd thilu cu tfal frong thara vdn ngudi ddn ve bdi thudng, fad ttp, tdi dinfa cu kM Nhd nudc thu hdi dat de lam cho chftng ta cd cdm nhan vide ldm nay mang ngng tt'nh hmh thuc vd khdng thyc chdt.
Phdn bidn cfta cdc Mfp bpi doanh nghidp cdn tiiidu tfnh chuydn ngMdp, cbua cd quy dinfa rdng budc dd bdo ddm sy phdn bidn thd Men dugc tidng ndi ddng thudn cfta cac doanh ngMep thdnh vidn.
Cbua cd quy djnh rdng budc frdeh nhidm cfta cM'nh quydn frong vifc van dpng nhan dan thara gia gidm sat, pban bifn xa hpi. Ngudi dan chi thuc sy ldn tidng kbi hdnh ddng cfta eo quan nfad nude tdc ddng tryc tidp ddn quydn va lpi fch cfta hp.
Mdt kbdc, Ludt Ddt dai ndra 2013 khdng quy dinh rd frdeh nhiera giai trinh cfta ca quan nhd nude ed tham quydn trong trudng hpp khdng thay ddi phuong an bdi thudng, ho trg, tdi djnh eu ttong trudng hpp dai da sd y kien ngudi bi thu hdi ddt khdng ddng tinh vdi phuong an nay.
Thirba, ndng l^c gidm sdt vdphdn bien xa hdi cUa cdc chu thi vdn cdn hgn chi
Tinh trang chung hidn nay tai cdc td chirc thuc hidn giam sat, phdn bien xa hpi Id thieu cdc chuyen gia nghien ciru ddc lap vd cac nghidn ciru dft sftc thuyit phyc dl cd the tac ddng tich cyc ddi vdi ddi tupng chiu su gidm sdt, phdn bifn xa bdi. Vide ddng gdp y kidn ve quy hogch, ke hogch sft dyng dat khdng don gian. Bdi vi, cM cd nfaftng ngudi cd chuydn mdn, kidn thfte chuydn sau vd quy faoaefa, ke hogch sft dung ddt mdi cd thd dua ra y kidn ddng gdp. Do dd, vide lay y kidn ddng gdp cua
o
nhdn ddn vd quy hogch, kl hogch sfi dyng ddt dupc Mdu nhu ttil ndo? Didu ndy khdng dupc dd cdp ro ttong Lugt Ddt dai ndm 2013 vd cdc vdn bdn hirdng dan tM hanh''.
Ddi vdi Mat trgn td qude, ndng lyc can bd Mat trdn ciing chua chuyen ngMdp dd tfaam gia gidm sdt, phdn bifn xa hpi. Hoat dpng gidm sdt cua Mdt trdn frong thyc td cdn binh tbftc, hifu qud phdp ly chua cao, chft ydu mdi the Men qua cdc pfadt Men, neu y kidn nhe nhdng tai cdc ky hpp, pMdn hpp cfta cdc co quan, td chftc thudc i^i tupng gidm sdt, chua cd pbuong thfte gidm sdt dftng ngMa, chua dupc quan tdm thuc hifn thudng xuydn, lidn tuc.
Vdi Hidp fapi doanh ngMfp, cbdt lupng ddi^ gdp y kien, kidn ngM, phan bidn co chd, chfnh sdch, luat phap van ehua dap ftng dupc ydu edu ddi hdi cfta cpng ddng doanh nghifp, eua ddt nudc trong qud trinh hpi nhgp va ddi mdi, ctia qud trinh chuydn giao nfaidu chftc nang quan ly tft nhd nudc sang cde td chftc phi nha nudc. CM'nh vl y kien phdn dnh, phdn bidn cM Io bao vd Ipi ieh eye bd, trudc mat cua minh, tMdu cdi nMn toan cyc, nen nhieu pfauong an bdi thudng, hd frp tdi dinh cu dua ra khd tfauydt phyc dupc co quan qudn ly nhd nude vd dd bi bdc bd.
Thu tu, ckua tgo ra ca che that su cd hieu qud nhdm rdng budc trdch nhiim eua ca quan nhd nu&c trong viec tiep thu vdpkdn hdiy kien cua cd nhdn, td chirc ve qudn ly ddt dai
Mae dft Ludt Ban hdnh van ban quy phgm phap Mat nam 2015 da quy dinh viec ddng tdi ede dy an, du thao van ban quy phgm phap luat frdn website CMnfa pbu, Bp ngdnh dd Idy y kidn nhdn ddn Id didu bat budc phdi Iam, nhung lgi khdng quy dinh cy the edeh thfte, thdi gian va cdc van dd lien quan den vide tidp thu va phdn hdi y kien tft phia co quan chft tri soan tfaao, xay dung chinfa sacfa. Didu do dan din vifc, cac y kidn ddng gdp efta ngudi dan
cung nhu cua cac td cbftc dai didn khdng phdi ludn dupc cdc Ban sogn thdo tidp thu mdt each nghidm tftc, it cd su tdng hpp, ddnh gid cdc 3? kidn gdp y, phdn bifn mdt each minh bgch, ddy du vd cdng khai, chua cd nhidu didn ddn nham thdo ludn, phdn bidn cdng khai khi cd cdc y kien ddng gdp khdc nhau. Thgm cbi, frdn tbuc td, cd trudng hgp cdc co quan ndy tu quydt dinb cd tidp thu bay khdng y kidn cfta cdng dan vi khdng cd co che kiem fra, gidra sat. Khau pbdn bdi y kidn cua cdng ddn, td chfic Id mpt thft tuc quan trpng thd hidn tinh ddn chft, minh bach ttong hoat ddng efta co quan nhd nudc, ddng thdi, thd hidn mdi quan he thdng tin hai chidu gifta ngudi hdi vd ngudi tu van, gdp y. Tuy nhidn. Men nay cdc quy dinh cfta Ludt Dat dai ndra 2013 vd cde vdn ban hudng ddn ehua cd quy dinh rd vd trudng hpp ngudi dan gdp y vd quy hogch, kd hogch sft dyng dat thi ca quan cd trdch nhifm lay y kidn se tidp thu nhu the nao.
Mat khde, theo quy dinh Ludt Ddt dai nam 2013, trong khi chua cd quydt dinh gidi quyet khidu ngi thi van phai thyc hien quyet dinh thu hdi dat, cho dft quydt dinh thu faoi ddt, bdi thudng, gidi phdng mat bang cd dftng hay sai.
Trong trudng hpp khdng cd sai pfagm thi khdng cd gi dd bdn, nhung ndu thyc su cd sai pbam, khuat tat tft phfa cM'nh quydn dia phuang, ma khdng gidi quydt khidu ngi, ddng thdi van ttien khai vide thu hdi ddt trdn thyc td, rdi sau dd neu sai mdi sfta thi da mudn raang, ngudi bi thidt hai vd bi tdn thuomg khdng ai khdc chinh Id ngudi cd ddt bi thu hdi, ma dang ly ra hp la ngudi can dupc phap Mat bao ve. Can phai tdn trpng quydn cua chft su dung dat khi hi thu hdi, ndu hp chua chap nhgn vide tfau hdi dat. Viec thu hdi vd dp ddt phdi dupe thay the bang sy trao ddi va chap nhgn efta da sd ngudi dan^
S. Giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua hoat dfng giam sat, phan bien xa hoi, minh
^Nguy^n Quang Tuyen (2016), Vai suy nghive sa hiru loan ddn ^6i vai ddi Sai, Tap chf N h i nudc va phap luat s601/20l6,fr.20.
' Vien Khoa hgc phap ly - Bg Tu phip (2016), Du i n difiu tra co ban "Danh gid ihuc Irang Sdm bdo cdc quyin va lai ich hgp phdp cua cd nhdn, cgng Sdng irong cdc dtf dn co thu hoi Sdt nong nghtep". tr 198
o
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bgch thdng tin trong Unh vurc quan ly dat dai trong thai gian tdi
Thu nhit, tdng eudng tinh cdng khai, mink bgch vd trdch nhiem gidi trinh trong hogt ddng qudn ly Nhd nuac vi ddt dai
Vide bdo ddm cdng khai, minh bgch ttong hogt ddng qudn Iy cdn ddi hdi vd trdch nhiim gidi trinh cua cdc ca quan truac nhdn ddn. Dd dam bao cdng khai, mmh bgch ttong hogt (3png cua cdc CO quan cdng quyen, phdi nang cao trdch nhifm gidi trinh (trudc nhdn dan, trudc CO quan, td chftc) cfta cdc ca quan dd. Phap ludt can cd ddi hdi va chd tdi rd rdng, cu the vd nghiera minh ddi vdi nhirng hdnh vi che gidu faoae tft chdi cung cap thdng tin cua cac ca quan vd cdng chftc Nhd nudc. Nhd nudc cdn cd eac quy dinh pbap Iudt vd quyin vd nghTa vy cfta cdc ca quan cdng quyin trong vide cung cdp thdng tin efao ngudi ddn va td chftc. 6 day, ttach nhidm gidi trmh gidng nhu radt thd chd, va de dat dupc nhiing kdt qud raong mudn thi thd chd dd phai dupe tfaue thi rapt each cd hidu qua va hidu luc tucmg tu nhu cde thd chl khdc.
Do do, edn ban hdnh quy dinh ttach nfaifm giai ttinh cfta ca quan nhd nudc ed tham quydn ttong trudng fapp khdng didu cfainfa phucmg dn bdi tiiudng kM dgi da sd ngudi bi thu hdi ddt khdng ddng y vdi phupng dn bdi tiiudng va che tai xfi Iy khi khdng thuc hifn ttach nhiem nay.
Trong didu kifn ngay nay, bdo ddm miiih bacfa khdng ehi la vide dap ftng ydu cdu vl cung cap tiidng tin md dilu quan frpng cdn la bdo dam su tiiam gia vd gidm sat cfta ngudi dan vao cac qua trinfa phat ttiln, tftc Id bdo ddm dat dupe sy ddng thuan cua xd hgi vl eac thd chl, ehfnh sach, ehuong trinb boat ddng...
Thir hai, tgo ca s&phdp ly ddng bd di van hdnh CO hieu qua hogt ddng gidm sdt vd phdn bien xa hdi
Giam sat vd phan bidn xa hdi khdng chi la vide phat huy quyin dan chu cfta ngudi ddn md thye chat cdn la sy fauy ddng vd tgp trung tri tuf ciia toan dan vao gidi quylt edng viec chung efta fae tiidng cdng quydn frong qua trinh xay dung va phdt tridn ddt nude theo phuang chdm "dan bidt, dan ban, ddn lam, dan kidra
o
fra". Do vdy, cdn bdo ddm hdnh lang phap ly dl nhdn dan cd thi thyc hifn day du quyin gidm sat vd phdn bien cua minh.
Nhanh chdng xdy dyng vd hodn thien khung phdp ly ve hogt dpng gidm sdt, pkdn bien xd kdi, minh bgck tkdng tin trong qudn ly ddt dai tgo ra ca chd sao cbo bdo ddm tfnh xa hgi rdng rai, tfnh da dgng, Iinh boat va mim ddo khi thuc hidn cdc hinh thuc, bifn ph^
gidm sat, phan bifn xd hfi va rainh bgch thdng tin vd qudn ly ddt dai. Trong dd, Ludt Ddt dai 2013 vd cdc vdn bdn phdp 1^ lidn quan edn hodn thien cdc npi dung cu thd nhu sau:
Mdt la, cdc hinh tfaftc lay y kien nhdn dan phai dupc td chftc chat cbe, thuc su thi hidn nguydn vpng cfta ngudi dan. Hodn thien quy dinh tai didm a khodn 2 Didu 69 Lugt Ddt dai ndm 2013 tbeo hudng bd sung thdra cac hinh thfte lay y kien kbdc (ldy y kidn bdng thu, bdng intemet; pMdu khdo sdt;..) ddi vdi dy tiiao phuong an ddn bft, bdi thudng ngoai hinh tfaftc binh tbftc hpp dan. Ngudi dan phdi dupc tham gia y kidn ddi vdi cdc chi tilt cfta dy dn, cae chi tilt dupc thdo lugn, pbdn tfch cu thd vl Igi ich kinb td cd chung ldn ridng, vl tac ddng x3 hdi tdi timg nhdm ddn va vd tac ddng cua 6 nhiem mdi trudng.
Ngodi ra, cdn cd quy dinb cu tfad vl tfadi gian td chftc ldy y kiln; bd sung phuang thuc lay y kiln dde tbft ddi vdi nhftng nhdra ydu till nhu ddng bdo day tdc thidu sd, phu nft, ngudi ngheo; phuomg thfte tilp ttiu y kiln va phan fali vdi ngudi dan vl vide faodn thifn theo nhftng vdn dt da ddng gdp y kiln.
Hai /a, phap ludt ddt dai nen ed quy dinh quydn khidu nai, td cdo cfta ngudi ddn dupc thuc hidn d tat cd cac cdng dogn ciia qud trini, a thu hoi ddt. Ddng thdi, phap Iudt cting cdn quy J dinh vide giai quylt kbilu nai d giai dogn nao thi phai dupc gidi quydt dtit dilm ngay d giai doan dd theo dftng thdi fagn ludt dinfa. Lam nhu vdy, rapt mat vfta bao ddm quyin khidu nai cua cdng dan dupc tdn frgng, mat khde eiing nang cao y thfte trdch nhidm cua cdc co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen ttong vide td efaftc thyc thi nhiem vu cua minh, ddng thdi dam bao tfnh 1
minh bgch, cdng khai vd sy tdn ngMdm cua phdp ludt trong thyc tidn dp dung.
Ba Id, trong thdi gian tdi, nudc ta cdn ban hanfa Ludt Gidra sat va phdn bien xa fadi, vi day Id dgo Iugt dgt co sd pfaap ly cbung cho bogt ddng gidm sdt phdn bifn xa hdi ttong do cd Knh vyc ddt dai.
Thu ba, ndng cao khd ndng tiip can cua n^di dan thdng qua viic mink bgch thdng tin vi qudn ly ddt daf'
Khd ndng tidp cgn cua ngudi ddn ddi vdi chfnh quyen va dich vy bdnh cbinh cdng gin lien vdi ti'nh minh bgch cua ndn hdnh cbinh.
Kha ndng tidp can cfta ngudi ddn tiid Mfn d hai ffiem: Quyen dupc eung cap tbdng tin va mftc dp dd Mdu, de dp dung cfta tbdng tm dupc cung cap. Ve quyen dugc cung cdp tkdng tin, cac
cdng ddn cdn pbai dupc tao didu kifn thudn lpi trong vide tidp can tryc tidp vdi chfnh quydn vao nhihig gid thudn tifn vd dupc cung cdp thdng tin bang ngdn ngfi phd thdng. Trach nhidm cung cap thdng tin thudc vd chu thd qudn ly hdnh cMnh nha nudc. Chft the nay phai bdo ddm dupc yeu cau cung cdp dung, dii, kip thdi tbdng tin tdi ddi tupng dupc bidt vd ddi tupng cdn phdi bidt. Cac thdng tin dupc cung cap phdi Id thdng tin chfnh thfte vd dap img dupc nhu cau cua ddi tupng cdn tidp nhdn thdng tin. Day la co sd quan trgng dd ngudi dan cd thd gidm sat, phdn bidn xa hdi. Ve muc dp de hieu, di dp dung cua thdng tin dugc cung cdp ddi hdi nd luc cfta Chfnh phft trong viec cung cdp vd phd bien thdng tin ve cac hogt dpng cua rainh./.
'Xem: Vifn Khoa hgc phip ly - Bf Tu phip (2012), Thiic tien va phucmg htr&n^ hodn ihien quyen hien Sinh cua cdng ddn trong Hien phdp 1992 (sita Soi 2001) ve tham gia qudn ly nhd nuac, Dfi tai nghifin ciiu khoa hgc cip B6, fr.U5.
GIAM SAT, KIEM TRA, XU LY VAN BAN QUY PHAM PHAP LUAT THEO LUAT BAN HANH VAN BAN QUY PHAM PHAP LUAT NAM 2015
(Tiip theo trang 47) ThU sdu, vide ban hdnh vdn bdn hudng ddn tM hdnh Ludt ban hanb van bdn quy phara phdp Mat edn chdm ndn dp dung chua tfadng nhdt, tMeu ddng bd. Vifc fridn khai tbyc hien dien ra rat chgm chgp, kd boach tap huan, cdng tac tuyen truydn chua dupe xdc dinh, coi ttpng dung mfte. Ben canh do, xudt phdt tft tbyc te la Van bdn quy pham pbap ludt cd sd lupng dupc ban hdnh theo ehe dp tap thd khd nhidu ndn rdt khd xac dinh trach nhifm cua ehu thd ban fadnfa, cdn nhung van bdn quy pbam do ed nhan dupc ttao quydn ban bdnh eung chua ed ehd tai ey thd. Day la mdt trong nfaiing can nguydn Men cdn tdn tgi nhung van ban quy pbgm phdp Mat sai trdi, khdng phft hgp trong nhilu ITnh vuc cfta ddi sdng xa hdi nhimg vdn efaua dupe khdc pfaue, gidi quylt kip thdi.
Nbu vay, vdi he tfadng cac quy pfaam pfaap Mat dupc quy dinh trong cdc Bp ludt, luat vd cdc van ban dudi Mat nhu Nghi dinh, thdng
tu, quydt dinh... hifn nay da quy djnh khd cu thd vd thdm quyen, trach nhiem, trinh tu, thft tue gidra sdt, kidm tra, xft ly van ban quy phara phdp luat trdi phdp ludt vdi cdc hinh tfaftc xft ly ddi vdi moi Ioai van ban quy phgm.
Co chd xft Iy eung da dang hem (bao gdm ca Tda an nhdn ddn dupe quy dinh trong khoan I, khodn 2 Dieu 6; didm 1 khodn I Dieu 37;
khoan 13 Didu 38; Didu 111; khoan 1 Didu 113... Lugt Td tyng hanh chinh nam 2015).
Qua dd cho thay, trong hoat ddng giara sat, kidm tra, xft Iy thi ca che ty kiem tra, xft Iy van ban quy phgm phdp Iuat cdn cd khodng trdng nhat dinh, chua phu hpp vai thuc td. Vi vay can cd nfaiing quy dinh hgp Iy, kip thdi dd gdp phdn nang cao hifu qua ddi ven boat ddng giam sat, kiem tra, xft Iy vdn ban quy pham phdp Mat, bao dam tinh ddng bd, thdng nhat trong xft Iy vdn ban quy pham ed ddu hieu hoge trdi pfaap Mat hien nay./.
