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VAN H 6 A D U O N O HAI
VAI NET VE VAN HOA NONG THON HIEN NAY
HA NHI
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gay nay, thitc trang ddi sdng van hda ndng thdn the hidn hd't siic da dang va phong phu, rd nhat d nhu cdu van hda va hoat ddng van hda eita ngudi ndng dan,Nhu cdu van hda la mdt van de quan trpng trong ddi sd'ng tinh thdn eiia eon ngudi ndi chung, cita ngudi ndng ddn ndi ridng, Su hieu biei ve nhu cdu van hda ciia. ngudi ndng dan la hd't stre khac nhau, phy thudc vdo vi trf, dieu kien xa hdi, gidi tfnh, nghe nghidp, tudi tac, tham chf ea sd thfeh ciia timg nhdm, timg cd the, Quan diem chung eua ngudi ndng dan ve nhu cdu van hda la: coi mpi nhu cau ciia eon ngudi trong xa hdi, kd' ca nhu cdu kinh te deu
Ldng La Phu ngay tipi - Anti Ptiqm LiJ
thudc pham trti nhu cdu van hda vd vide thda man nhiing nhu cdu xa hdi cung chfnh la thda man nhu cdu van hda,
Trong he thd'ng nhu cdu ay, khdng the dap ung nhu nhau toan bd nhiing nhu cdu ciia con ngudi bdi cd nhu cdu hop ly va nhu cau bat hop Iy; cd nhu cdu ndi trdi, cap thie't va cd nhiing nhu cdu chua thyc sy cdn thie't dd'i vdi ngudi ndng dan trong bd'i eanh hidn nay hoac tuong Iai. Rd rang, ngay trong vide danh gia eung nhu trong quan niem vd nhu cdu, dai da sd ngudi ddn ndng thdn da xdc dinh dupe rat rd cd loai nhu cdu cdn thidt, hop ly (lu'c phti hop vdi tidu ehf tid'n bd, hodn canh, dieu kien cu the cita ndng thdn cung nhu timg tdng ldp, nhdm ngudi hay cd nhan ngudi ndng dan), ben canh dd cung tdn tai nhirng loai nhu cdu cd khi cdn thiet nhung ehua phti hop hodn canh, cung cd khi khdng cdn thidt hoac tham chi cd nhirng nhu cdu khdng cd lpi vdi cdng ddng, nhdm, cd nhdn, Cung cd the ed nhiing nhu cdu cd fch vdi nhdm ngudi nhung lai khdng cd fch vdi cd nhan hoac ngupc lai... Vl the, vide tim hieu ky, phan loai va dinh hudng nhu cdu van hda ciia ngudi ndng dan la van de hd't siie can thidt. Khdng dd ra dupe mdt he thdng tidu ehf phan loai nhu cdu ciia cdng ddng, gia dinh, ngudi dan, cd nhdn d ndng thdn... thi rat dd sa vao vide dap ung tran lan mpi nhu cdu khi nd xuat hidn vd khdng dat dupe hidu qua cao ve van hda xa hdi cung nhu phat trien kinh te. Dae biet, nhu cau cao vd mdt ddi sd'ng van hda ldnh manh, an todn vd ddu tu phat trien kinh te hd, vd cap nhat thdng tin, cdng nghe, khoa hpe ky thuat nhdm dp dung vao san xuat va vdo sinh hoat van hda... la van de hd't sire quan trpng, Nd dat ra cho cde nha
Sd310 Thang 4-2010
VAN H 6 A NGHg THUAT TROMC HVtlt lanh dao, quan ly van hda xa hdi d ndng thdn hang loat van de can gidi quydt de' dap iing nhu cdu d'y, Chdng han: quy hoach thidt chd'van hda ra sao, quan ly hoat ddng vdn hda the nao; mdi trudng, mdi sinh van hda lam sao... de dap ung duac nhiing nhu cdu thidt yd'u nay. Dd la nhiing dieu phai suy nghT, tim tdi, hoach dinh ttr trudc nd'u mud'n cd mdt tuong lai td't dep eiia ddi sd'ng van hda lanh manh d ndng thdn.
De dap u'ng dupe nhu cdu van hda, cdn cd hoat ddng van hda phong phii, phat trien. Hoat ddng van hda d ndng thdn ed mdt so didu dang chu y.
Ngudi ddn ndng thdn danh gid rd't cao hoat ddng ciia truyen hinh (va mdt phan phdt thanh), cho rdng ddy la hoat ddng ndi trdi, cap nhdt, bd fch. Ke dd la hoat ddng thdng tin bao chf. Rd rang, trong thdi dai giao luu, md cira va kinh te' thi trudng, cac phuong tidn truyen thdng dai chiing ed vai trd Idn trong ddi sd'ng eung nhu vide hudng thu van hda ciia ngudi dan ndi chung vd ngudi ndng dan ndi ridng, mac dii hidn nay phuang tidn truyen thdng d lang xa cdn ft. Ben canh dd, hoat ddng Id hdi truyen thd'ng, van nghd quan chiing va cac phong trao van hda nhu phong trao Todn ddn dodn kei xdy ditng ddi sdng vdn hda, phong trao xay dung lang van hda va nhieu phong trao xa hdi khae...
Cling dupe danh gia d miic trung binh va cd kha nang phdt tridn. Cac hoat ddng thu vidn, bao tang, hoat ddng nghd thuat ehuyen nghidp chua thyc sy cd chat lupng, chua gdn bd dupc vdi ddi sdng qudn chiing nhdn ddn nen chua duac ua thi'ch vd ft phat huy tac dung. Trong tuong lai, cac hoat ddng nay can gdn chat che vdi truyen thdng dai chiing de tao ea hdi phat trien, dap ling nhu cdu hudng thy ciia ngudi ndng ddn.
Dac bidt, cac hoat ddng nay d ndng thdn cdn gdn vdi he thdng truydn thdng d timg dia phuang cy the.
Cd the thay, theo quan nidm ciia ngudi dan ndng thdn, mud'n tang cudng hoat ddng van hda va do dd, gia tang mii:e dp hudng thy van hda ciia ngudi ndng ddn thi phai ke't hap nhieu hinh thiic hoat ddng, trong dd ndi bat la day manh phong trao xdy dinig gia dinh van hda, td chirc
van nghe quan chung d dia phuang, phat tridn phong trao xay dung ldng van hda, xay dyng khu vui choi giai trf, xdy dung phdng dpe sach... Nhu vay ngudi ndng dan danh gia cao cdc hinh thtre tao dieu kien cho dan ty lam van hda. Nhirng hinh thiic khac mang tfnh giao luu, hudng thy thy ddng nhu mdi doan nghd thudt chuydn nghidp, mdi van nghd qudn chiing noi khac dd'n bieu didn cung duac coi la quan trpng nhung thyc td', chua phai la hoat ddng thudng xuydn. Cac hoat ddng khdc nhu td chirc dieh vu van hda, suu tdm nghidn ctiti van hda dan gian, thdng tin luu ddng duoc danh gid viia phai, mac dti ddy la nhirng hoat ddng vd cting quan trpng dd' gdp phdn xdy dung van hda ndng thdn. Cd the ndi, nhirng hinh thiic hoat ddng ma ngudi ndng dan cd thd tham gia la nhiing hoat ddng duoc hp chu y quan tam, phii hap vdi dinh hudng xa hdi hda van hda va xay dung van hda CO sd d ndng thdn. Tuy nhidn, ve lau dai, cdn kdt hop dupc nhieu hinh thtre hoat ddng trong mdt cym thidt ehe van hda d ndng thdn dd vtra huy ddng tidm nang ciia ngudi ndng ddn vtra dem dd'n cho hp nhimg gia tri van hda mdi. Cd nhu vay hoat ddng ciia thie't chd' van hda mdi thyc sy di vao ddi sd'ng ngudi ndng ddn, dem lai lpi fch dfch thyc cho ngudi ndng ddn.
Cudi xin Id mdt sinh hoat van hda gdn bd vdi ddi sd'ng mdi con ngudi, mdi gia dinh, trd thanh mdt hoat ddng khdng the thie'u trong cdng ddng, dac bidt la cdng ddng ngudi dan d ndng thdn.
Thd'ng kd cho tha'y dam eudi d ndng thdn hidn nay cd rat nhieu ydu td xud't hidn va su lam theo timg yd'u td cua ngudi ndng dan ciing cd nhiing bid'n ddng phiic tap, Nhiing ye'u td duac nhidu ngudi chu y lam theo la: Id gia tidn. Id dn hdi. Id lai mat. Id cham ngd.., cdn cac yd'u td khac it dupc quan tdm. Nhu vay, cd the ndi quy trinh dam cudi hien nay tuan thii 4 yd'u td chfnh vtra ndu va phti hap vdi tap tue eudi xin ciia ngudi Viet, dii d ndng thdn hay dd thi, Cdn tuy vao timg nhu cdu eu the ciia gia dinh, tap tyc cu the ciia timg dia phuang ma dam cudi cd thd xua't hidn nhimg yd'u td phu tra nhu: cho ciia hdi mdn, muon ngudi trai chid'u, Id to hdng.., Mdt diem dang ehii y la Id nop cheo, dti cdn rat ft nhung vdn
Sd310 Thana 4-2010
VAN HOAOlfONnfJAL the' hidn sy tac ddng cua Id tyc dd'i vdi ddi sd'ng
tinh than ngudi ndng ddn d mdt sd thdn lang.
Cd the ndi, hoat ddng eudi xin d thdn lang da cd duoc nhirng budc chuyen bid'n dang ke, da tid't kidm, dd td'n kem, gpn gang, khdng gay anh hudng phirc tap cho xa hdi va theo ddi sd'ng mdi. Tuy nhidn, hidn nay ngodi sy kdt hop hai hda cu mdi, hien tuong cudi xin d ndng thdn dang tai xuat hidn mdt sd yd'u td nhu an udng linh dinh, rupu che, bai bac... la van de nay sinh can ehii y. Cudi theo ne'p sd'ng mdi, dti dang trd thanh mdt van de duac tuydn truydn rdng, dupe ca xa hdi quan tdm va dang thdm dan vao ddi sd'ng cua cdc tdng ldp nhdn ddn lao ddng, song vdn cdn la van de can dupe tid'p tyc thtic ddy manh me va cd giai phdp cung nhu md hinh cy the, dac biet la d ndng thdn.
Ben canh cudi xin, dd'i vdi ddi sd'ng ngudi ndng ddn, tang Id cung la mdt sinh hoat can chii trpng. Cho dti hidn nay tdn tai cimg luc nhieu hinh thiic tang Id khdc nhau, nhimg sy kd' thira nhimg quy chd've tang ma truyen thd'ng ke't hop vdi nhirng yd'u to hidn dai ed tfnh phti hop da trd thanh xu the tuong dd'i manh trong tang Id. Dti sao, vdn cdn tdn tai vide tang theo ldi eu vdi nhihig hii tyc can duoc xda bd. Nhu vay can chii y tdi md'i tuong quan giira eae hinh thiic cu va mdi, sy ke't hap cu - mdi trong tung ldp ngudi, timg nhdm dd'i tupng dan cu, tirng dia phuong cho phti hpp vdi cam quan tam ly, tfnh each cpng ddng... trong vide thyc hanh tang Id. Tuy nhidn xu thd' kd't hop cu va mdi eung nhu tang Id don gian theo ldi mdi dang ngay cang manh va chie'm uu thd'.
Chi xet ridng ve nhiing yd'u td dupc nhieu ngudi theo trong tang chd'd ndng thdn, eiing cd the hinh dung dupe phdn nao dp phtre tap trong quan nidm ciia ngudi ndng ddn vd tang Id. Dang chii y la cdc Id cting dupc nhieu ngudi tudn thu:
ciing 3 ngay, ciing 49 ngdy va cting 100 ngay.
Tie'p theo la cdc yd'u td khac nhu mdi ban nhae hieu, che mat ngudi khuat, dd't vang ma, dpi mu rom, mac do xd... Tuy nhidn, ngoai vide chii trpng cac ngay eiing thi tuc che mat ngudi khuat, nhae hid'u duac phdn ldn mpi ngudi tuan thil, cdc yd'u td cdn lai thi ttiy vao timg dia
phuong, timg lang, timg ddng hp, timg gia dinh ma mdi dam tang cy the ed nhirng sy lya chon khae nhau. Trtr mdt vai yd'u td chua phti hop nhu khdc mudn, qudn tai nha qua 24-36 gid thi nhimg yd'u td xuat hidn trong tang Id ngudi ndng dan la chap nhdn dupe trong tid'n trinh nghi Id. Cai ddng de y la xem hp td chiic dam tang ra sao, cd phti hop vdi tap tyc truydn thd'ng cung nhu tinh than tang Id mdi khdng va quan trpng han, ngudi ndng ddn ty ddnh gia cai dupc va chua duoc trong td chiic tang Id d dia phuong nhu the' nao. Vi thd' traeh nhiem cua cae nha quan ly xa hdi, quan ly van hda d ndng thdn Id hd't siic nang nd, trong dd dang chii y phai dua cae cudc van ddng ve xay dyng ldng van hda, gia dinh van hda an sau vao timg hd ddn de hp tie'p tyc cd nhiing bid'n ddi td't trong vide Id tang va cac vide khac, gdp phdn day manh phong trao Toan ddn doan ke't xay dyng ddi sd'ng van hda.
Ld hdi truydn thd'ng dupe danh gid la mdt loai hinh sinh hoat van hda ddn gian tdng the, rd't phti hpp vd hiru fch vdi ddi sd'ng van hda tinh thdn cua ngudi Viet Nam ndi chung va ngudi dan ndng thdn ndi rieng. Gdn day. Id hdi truyen thd'ng dupc phyc hdi d nhidu dia phuong, tao nen mdt sinh hoat van hda cdng ddng phong phii, bd fch. Tuy nhidn, bdn canh nhirng cai duoc nhu: la dip de cdng ddng ddn cu tim lai cdi ngudn van hda thdng qua thuc hanh Id hdi, tdng cudng tinh doan ket cdng ddng, gia dinh trong lang xdm, mdra mdi trudng sinh hoat van hda, giai trf cho ngudi ndng dan..., hoat ddng Id hdi d ndng thdn cung nhu dd thi dang rat phirc tap, nay sinh nhidu hidn tuong khdng phu hpp vdi chudn muc dao dire vd van hda ciia nudc ta.
Cd the thay d ndng thdn, vide md hdi lang hang nam la kha phd bid'n va Id hdi, vdi yd'u td chil dao la nhdn vat dupe phung thd, da an nhap khd sdu vao tdm thiic ngudi ndng ddn. Bdn canh vide dinh danh tfnh nhdn vat duoc phung thd, vide tim hieu nhiing hinh thirc nghi Id chinh trong Id hdi nhu rude, xdch, td'. Id... cho phep cd mdt eai nhin toan didn hon ve ddi sd'ng tam linh ciia ngudi ndng dan trong Id hdi vd nhimg yd'u td thu hiit hp dy Id hdi. Ngudi ddn ndng thdn ft
Thang 4-2010 S d 3 1 0 | T |
VAN H O A NGHg T H U A T TROMC MIP^C dupc thudng thirc van hda nghd thudt chuyen nghiep, vi thd', ngoai van nghe qudn chiing, vdi hp thi Id hdi truydn thd'ng va nhiing yd'u td ca'u thanh nd, mang y nghTa hd't siic quan trpng. Ld hdi da dap ting cd nhirng nhu cdu chung mang tfnh cdng ddng ldn nhirng nhu cdu ridng tu ciia ca nhan con ngudi ttr giii gin truyen thd'ng van hda, tang cudng giao ket cdng ddng, td'm ldng ddi vdi nhung thd'he trudc... dd'n vide vui choi thudng ngoan va cdu udc cho nguyen vpng ridng. Mdt sd khdng nhieu ngudi chua hoac khdng tham dy Id hdi cho bid't ly do can trd hp dd'n vdi Id hdi d hai khfa canh: phfa Id hdi vd phia ban thdn hp. Cach thiic td chiie kem, nhiing td nan, hit tyc nhu me tfn di doan, an xin an may, sy o ep vd dieh vu la nguydn nhan can trd ngudi ndng dan dd'n vdi Id hdi. Tuy nhien cung ed nguydn nhdn do nhan thiic va tri thiie ed nhdn:
cam thd'y vd bd, khdng cd fch. Thyc ra hoat ddng Id hdi, nhu chiing ta timg bidt, la hoat ddng van hda nghe thuat tdng hop dap iing duoc ca mdt he thdng nhu eau ciia eon ngudi, hd't siic bd fch va cd tac dung. Van de tuydn truydn, phd bid'n gia tri ciia loai hinh van hda cdng ddng nay, vi the, edn dupc tid'p tyc day manh.
Ndng thdn Viet Nam hidn edn lim giir khd nhieu phong tyc tap quan can ehii tdm tim hid'u.
Trong so rd't nhieu nhirng phong tyc d'y, cd nhiing lang cd hdu nhu td't ca, ed nhiing lang edn lai vai phong tyc chfnh, nhung hdu nhu ngudi ndng dan nao ciing khdng dinh siic manh, tfnh tfch eye ciia phong tue, tap tyc trong sinh hoat van hda d ndng thdn. Ve tap tyc hidn cd d ndng thdn, ngudi ddn chii y Id mtmg thp, ciing gia tidn, ciing dng cdng dng tdo, tyc len lao, Cling thd dia, cting thdnh hoang, le khuyen hpc.
Id ban con cho chtia, tuc ke't cha, hdi thi dpe sir lang. Id thdi ndi... Nhu vay, cd thd thd'y trong su phong phti, thdm chf phirc tap cua sy tdn tai cac tap tue tai ndng thdn, cd sy tap trung tdn vinh mdt sd tuc dep, phu hop vdi truyen thd'ng sinh hoat va van hda truyen thd'ng nhu: Id mtmg thp.
Id Cling gia tidn, tuc ldn lao, thd thanh hoang. Id khuyd'n hpc. Dd la xu hudng can duoc hd tro, khuyd'n khfch. Tuy nhidn, bdn canh dd cung can xem xet, nghidn cihi ky ludng de loai bd dan
nhiing hit tue vdn cdn ddy dd trong ddi sd'ng sinh hoat lang xa, trong cac hinh thiic sinh hoat van hda ddn gian, dac bidt la cdu ciing, hii tuc trong Id hdi...
Trong bdi canh kinh te' thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghTa va sy nghidp cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc, su phat trien kinh td' xa hdi, van hda ndng thdn dang dung trudc nhiing thuan lai ca ban cung nhu nhirng thach thirc khdng nhd. Sy bid'n ddng ve quy luat phat trien va thyc trang bieu hien cua kinh te, van hda, xa hdi d ndng thdn vdn dang didn ra mdt each nhanh chdng va chdc chdn se cd nhiing thay ddi trong td't ca nhiing ye'u td da ndu. Nhung dti cd bid'n ddi the' nao, thi vdi nhiing gi dupc the hidn, van hda ndng thdn ca nudc ndi chung vdn giir duoc cho minh nhirng hdng sd van hda, Dd la sinh hoat van hda mang dam net dd'u an, phong vi van hda van minh ndng nghiep trdng liia nudc vdi ca cd'u td chLi:c xa hdi thdn lang tuang dd'i khep kfn, nay cd dieu kien de trd thanh mpt phao dai xdy dyng ddi sd'ng van hda co sd; la su bdn viing phong phii, da dang ciia cdc hoat ddng van hda ddn gian thdn ldng ket hap vdi sy gia tang ngay cang nhieu hinh thiic sinh hoat va thudng thy van hda hidn dai, tao didu kien cho ngudi dan sang tao va hudng thu van hda nhieu han, cao han; la ddn trf ngay cang duac ndng cao bdi sy phat trien kinh td' hd, kinh te' lang khie'n mirc sd'ng cua ngudi ddn tang ldn kha dn dinh, tao didu kien gia tang kha nang hpc tap, dich chuyen, giao tid'p dudi nhidu hinh thirc; la y chf vuon ldn ciia ngudi ndng dan trong td't ea cac ITnh vyc, dac biet la ITnh vyc hpc tap vdn cd truydn thdng ttr xua (vdi Id khuye'n hpc); la rat nhieu net dep trong giao tie'p, iing xir, thyc hanh van hda ciia ngudi ndng dan... Vdi hanh trang van hda d'y ngudi ndng dan dang ty ndng minh de xdy dung ndng thdn mdi theo hudng edng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda, ngay cang giau dep, cdng bdng, ddn chii, van minh, cd ea cd'u kinh td' hop ly, quan he san xud't phti hap, kdt cd'u ha tang kinh td' xa hdi phat tridn ngay cang hidn dai, cd mat bang dan trf va van hda cao «
H.N
So 310 Thang 4-2010
