Nguyen Tien Thu. Sire mgnh mim van hda An Do hien nay
©2020 Vien Nghien ciru An Dp va Tay Nam A T9P chi Nghien cii'u An Dg va Chau A So2(a7),thSng2-2020 http://viisas.v3ss.gov vn ISSN; 0866-7314
SiTC manh mem van hoa An Do hien nay
Nguyen Tien Thu*
Hoc vien Chlnh tri Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
Ngdy nhgn bdi 03/9/2019, ngdy gici phdn bien: 10/12/2019, ngay duyet dang: 10/01/2020
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Ung nhu nhieu nicac lon khdc. An Bd cimg dang gia tdng dnh hud-ng siec mgnh mem vdn hda di ndng cao vi thi qudc gia. Bdi viel ldm ro An Dd cdn phdi gia tdng siec mgnh mem vdn hod b&i (i) An Do co ngudn luc, lgi thi thuc hien siec mgnh mem vdn hda vd (ii) cdc mc&c l&n dang phdt huy lgi the ndy. Bdi viet se ldm ro ludn diini tren thong qua phdn tich edch thicc chu yeu md An Do hien nay dang thuc hien de xdy dung sue mgnh mem vdn hoa cita minh Id thdng qua 3 phuong dien: phdt trien cdng nghiep vdn hda (cdng nghiip diin dnh). ngogi giag vdn hda vd thdng qua cdng ddng nguai An a nu&c ngodi.Til' khda: Sue manh mem, van hda, cdng nghiep van hda. An Dp Mo-dau
Sire manh ciia qudc gia bao gdm cac nhan td: vat chdt (sii'c manh cimg) va tinh than, anh hudng trong quan he qudc tg (sue manh mgm). Ca hai sue manh nay tao thanh su'c manh tdng hgp cua qudc gia. Stic manh cd thg higu la kha nang digu khign, kiem soat ngudi khac, khien ngudi khac phai phuc tung va thyc hien menh lenh ciia ngudi nam giu- sire manh. Cac phuang thiic de thuc hien sue manh bao gdm: mdt la ep bude, gay ap lyc len ddi phuong; hai la, dy dd, mua chupc (tra tign) de ddi tugng vi igi fch ma thyc hien digu minh muon; ba la, thu hiit va dya vao ddi phuong de ddi phuang ty nguyen thyc hien digu minh mudn. Siic manh ciing la diing bao luc dg cudng ep (siic manh quan sy) va vat chdt dg mua chudc (sire manh kinh te). Cd mdt nguon sue manh khac dg nang cao dia vi qudc tg cua mdt nudc, dd la sii'c manh mgm. Theo Giao su Joseph Samuel Nye, ngudi sang lap ra thuygt chii nghTa kinh tg ty do mdi trong quan he qudc tg, di tign phong trong ly thuyet siic manh mgm, dua ra nam 1990 va dugc dng bd sung nam 2004: sii-c manh mgm la kha nang doat idy thir minh mudn thdng qua sy hdp ddn thay vi ep bupc, xudt phat tii" sy hdp ddn vg van hda, tu tudng chinh trj va chinh sach ciia mot quoc gia. Sue manh mgm la kha nang khien ngudi khac mudn cai ban mudn thdng qua su'c hap ddn cua gia trj (chii ygu la van hoa) chii' khdng phai bang mua chudc hay ep bupc. Giao su Joseph S. Nye da dua ra ndi dung ciia sire manh mem bao gdm: (i) su'c hdp dan va anh hudng ciia van hda; (ii) cac quan niem vg gia tri va chinh sach qudc gia va (iii) chi'nh sach ddi ngoai diing dan.
Nghien cuu An Dp va Chau A. So 2 - 2020, tr.29-37 29
Nguyen Tign Thu. Sire manh mim van hda An Ddhienjiay_
Dg gia tang anh hudng va nang cao vi thg quoc gia Ugn trudng quoc tg, cac quoc gia bien nay deu tang cudng sire manh mgm cua minh dac biet la thdng qua van hda. An Do la cai ndi van minh nhan loai vdi mot nen van hda rye ra va "da dang trong thdng nhdt", day la mdt ngudn lyc rdt Idn dg An Dp trien khai va md rpng anh hudng ciia siic manh mgm van hda. Trong n6 luc xay dung hinh anh va nang cao vi thg ciia mot cudng qudc hda binh. An Dd da nhan thuc dugc thg manh cua minh va dang cd nhung bien phap dg gia tang sue manh mem van hda.
1. Su" can thiet trien khai sue manh m6m van hda cua An Do
Van hda la mdt cdng cu quan trpng de thyc hien siic manh mgm. Viec gia tang anh hudng va vj the cua mdt nudc ddi vdi cac nudc khac thdng qua sy hap dan ciia cac gia trj van hda dugc gpi la sii'C manh mgm van hda. An Dp hien nay can thigt pbai thyc hien siic manh mem van hda vl nhirng li do sau day.
Thu nhdt, An Do cd nen vdn hda do so, hdp ddn vd co dnh hiedng sdu rdng t&i nhieu nen vdn hda trong lich sic - day Id ca s& quan trgng de xdy dung st^e mgnh mem vdn hoa
An Dp cd ngn van minh sdng An (Indus) phat trign rye ra each day 5.000 nam, la nai khdi sinh ciia An Dd giao (Hindu), Phat giao, dao Jalnava dao Sikh. Vdi dan sd 1,1 ty ngudi. An Dp dy doan se vugt Trung Qudc de trd thanh nudc cd dan sd Idn nhat the gidi vao nam 2034 va nudc cd nen kinh te Idn thii 2 thg gidi vao nam 2050. An Do cd ngn van hda da dang, giau ban sac, la cai ndi van hda cua nhan loai, la "viing ddt cua tri tue, triet hgc vd tu tuang tdm linh cd xua, cdi ngudn ciia 4 tdn gido 16-n" (Nxb. The gidi, 2011, p.9).
Tir thdi cd dai, nen van hda An Do da c6 sue hap dan ddi vdi nhigu qudc gia va cd anh huimg sau rdng trong van hda cua nhigu nudc chau A, dac biet la Tay A, Ddng Nam A va Ddng A. Dac biet, con dudng truyen tai van hda An Dp sang cac nudc la con dirdng hoa binh, chu khong mang tinh cudng birc, ap dat nhu van hda ciia mdt sd qudc gia khac nen it pha va nhu'ng co tang van hoa ban dja va de dung nap vdi tdn giao va van hda cua cu dan ban dia. Cd the ndi thuang mai da gieo mam van hda An Dp di khap nai tren thg gidi.
Van hda An Do cd anh hudng sau sac den van hda ciia cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A. Viec truygn tai van hda An Do den Ddng Nam A chfnh la mpt trong nhu'ng thanh tyu vT dai nhdt cua ljch sir An Dp, tham chi la lich sir ciia nhan loai. Bdi le, khdng ngn van minh nao khac cd thg dat dugc thanh cdng tuang tu ma khdng phai thdng qua con dudng chinh phuc bang quan su. Digu thii vi la qua trinh An Dp hda tai Ddng Nam A da dugc chap nhan d nhieu nai va dign tign bgn bi trong nhigu thg ky sau bang con dudng dn hda. Thuong mai va cac tu sT Ba la mdn (Brahman) cd vai trd quan trgng trong viec truygn ba va phd bign van hda An Dp dgn Dong Nam A. Xua cac qudc vuong d Indonesia da bat chudc cac vi vua vung Nam An, cho mdi thay tu Ba la mdn tdi trigu dinh giang giai. Cac tai lieu lich sii' (cac ghi chep cua ngudi Trung Quoc Khang Thai va Chu Lfng) cho biet
"Nguai ddn nu&c Dien Ton (mgt quoc gia tren bdn ddo Md Lai) thuc hdnh cdc gido ly ciia cdc Brahman vd gd con gdi ciia minh cho hg. Ket qud Id nhieu ngudi Brahman dd khdng vi nu&c ho nica. Nhting ngu&i Brahman ndy khdng phdi ldm gi ngodi viec nghien ngdm kinh sdch, ldm rua
Nghign Cliu An Dp va Chau A. 86 2 - 2020, tr.29-37 30
Nguyen Tien Thu. Sire mgnh mem van hda An Do hien nay bdng nu&c huang nu&c hoa vd dem ngdy khdng ngimg nghi td ro ldm long md dgo" ( 0 . W. Wolters, 1970, p.9). Cac vi vua d Dong Nam A cung cho mdi ngudi ngoai qudc la thdy tu Ba la mdn ddng Siva den nudc minh, ddng thdi ban thudng cho hp nhigu dat dai, chau bau. Gidi Ba la mdn cd vi trf quan trpng trong trieu dinh ciia cac qudc gia. Chdng ban, nudc Xich Tho, trong trieu ludn cd vai tram thdy tu Ba la mdn. Tuy Thu cd chep "Xich Tlid a viing biin Nam Hdi Ddt & do mdu do nen ggi la Xich Tho. Vua nu&c dy cd hg Id Cu Ddm. Vua & thdnh Tdng Chi, thdnh cd 3 lap cira, moi cira deu CO ve hinh Bd Tdt vd Tien bay. Nhd vua ngdi tren sdp cao, cd 4 ngie&i con gdi dimg hdu hai ben, linh hd ve han trdm nguai. Vdi trdm ngu&i Bd la mdn xip thdnh hai hdng quay mat vdg nhau"
(Le Thj Thu, 2011, tr.256). Thdi cd dai, anh bud^ng ciia van hda An Dp ddi vdi cac quoc gia Ddng Nam A kha sau sac, den muc cac qudc vuong Ddng Nam A thudng kha thdng hieu trudc tac vg chinh trj, luat phap va dao phap ciia An Dp. Vua dugc xem la hien than ciia cac vi thdn trgn mat ddt, la quan niem truygn thdng ciia An Dp, khac vdi quan niem sau nay: vua la con trdi, nhu quan niem ciia Nho giao Trung Qudc. Vi du, trgn bia ky Cham-pa, vua Cham-pa duoc ddng nhat vdi cac vi than qudc gia. Vua Bhadravarman I thd d My Son, dugc dong nhat vdi Thdn Siva, gpi la Bhadresrava.
Nhu vay, dii khdng phai la thudc dia ciia An Dp nhung cac nha nudc cd dai d Ddng Nam A da cd sy tigp nhan nhirng thanh tyu vg chinh trj, xa hdi, van hda ciia An Do de xay dyng dat nudc. Sy anh hudng nay khdng chi theo chieu dai thdi gian ma con trong chigu sau van hda "DdngNam A la que huang thu hai eita An Dd vd cimg Id nai luu gid; bdo tdn cac gid tri vdn hoa truyen thdng cua An Do" (Ha Dan, 2012, tr.l68). Do vay, An Dp va Dong Nam A co mdt ngn tang van hda chung.
Day la co sd quan trgng, la digu kien thuan lpi de An Dp tiep tuc gia tang anh hudng vg van bda d cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A.
Khdng chi d Ddng Nam A, ngay ca Trung Quoc cung chiu anh hudng ciia van hda An Dp.
Trung Qudc cd mdi quan he lich sii, van hda vdi An Dp thdng qua Phat giao va day la lgi thg dg An Dp cd thg nam lay vi tri lanh dao "the gi&i Phgt gido". Hd Thich, nguygn dai sii Trung Hoa Dan quoc (Dai Loan) tai My tii'ng ndi "An Do da chinh phuc vd thong tri Trung Qudc ve vdn hoa trong 20 the ky md khdng bao gia cSnphdi gin mgt nguai linh sang ben kia bien gi&i ciia minh" (William Nobrega, Ashish Sinha, 2008, tr.67).
Thie hai, cdc nu&c l&n hien nay dang tim edch gia tdng siec mgnh mem vdn hda. Dieu ndy doi hdi An Dd ciing cdn gia tdng sice mgnh mem vdn hda ciia minh va thicc te da ed nhicng ke hogch, bien phdp cu the
Hien nay, cac nudc Idn khdng chi gia tang anh hudng va vj the ciia qudc gia bang sue manh Cling thdng qua kinh tg, quan sy ma cdn tim each gia tang sire manh mem vg van hda. Trong Dign van tai Dai hdi Dang Cdng san Trung Qudc idn thu XVII (nam 2007), Chu tjch Ho Cam Dao nhan manh Dang Cdng san Trung Qudc phai xem van hda nhu la mdt phan cua su'c manh mem ciia dat nudc. Trudc do, tai Hgi nghi Van hda va Ngoai giao td chuc d My nam 2000, Tong thong My Bill Clinton da nhdn manh rdng "vdn hoa cd sue thdm nhdp mgnh, cd the dgt dugc muc tisu md cdc bien phdp chinh tri vd qudn su kho co thi dgt dugc" (Vu Duong Huan, 2010, tr.317).
Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.29-37 31
. - — ^ Nguygn Tign Thu, Sire mgnh mSm vdn hda An Dghie^jHSl.
Tuy vay, cd ve trong mdt thdi gian dai viia qua. An Dp chua phat huy hgt tigm nang, sue manh mgm van hda von cd ciia minh, va dudng nhu hp "bg quin tdi sdn ndy trong mdt thai gian ddi vd khdng khai thdc day du cdc ngudn luc ndy" qua dd tao digu kien cho Trung Qudc vuon len, nam lay Phat giao nhu mdt cdng cy quyen lyc mem dg ldi keo cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A va Nam A ra khoi anh hudng ctia An Dp (Ilaria Maria Sala, 2013). Thyc tg nay bupc An Dp phai cd nhimg thay doi Idn trong each iing xu vdi Phat giao ndi rieng, van hda ndi chung nhu la mot cdng cu quygn lyc mgm trong qua trinh phat trien hien nay ciia qudc gia nay.
Hien nay. An Dp da nhan thiic dugc tdm quan trpng ciia viec nang cao siic manh quoc gia thdng qua van hda. Ngudi An Dp, ludn ty hao rang, ddt nudc hg la mdt trong nhu'ng trung tam khdi phat cua nen van minh chau A va la mdt trong nhung ngn van minh Idn nhdt trgn the gidi. Cyu Ngoai trudng An Dp Yashwant Sinha trong mdt bai phat bieu tu'ng ndi ve sue manh mem ciia An Dp, do la ngn van hda, tdn giao va trigt hpc u'u viet (Priya Chacko, 2012, p.l 32). Phat giao, khdi ngudn tu thg ky thii V TCN nhung chi trong vai tram nam da lan truygn va anh hudng ra khdp viing Ddng A, rdi lan ra khap the gidi. Nhan thii'c dupc dieu nay, Thii tudng Modi coi Phat giao la nhan td quan trpng trong qua trinh trien khai cac ngudn luc sue manh mem trong doi ngoai, cung nhu thyc hien chinh sach "Hdnh dgngphia Dong" dg tao sy lign kgt, gan bd giiia An Dp va cac qudc gia Phat giao trgn thg gidi.
Bgn canh Phat giao, mpt gia trj khac ciia van hoa An Dp dugc thg gidi quan tam la Yoga. Vdi ky thuat luyen tap tam tri va ca the dan gian. Yoga thu hut hang trieu ngudi luyen tap, nhigu trung tam day Yoga dugc lap ra tren loan the gidi. Va, hang nam cd nhigu ngudi den An Dp digu tri benh bang phuang phap luyen tap Yoga. Hien Yoga da cd mat d hon 170 qudc gia va dugc Lien hiep qudc chpn ngay 21/6 la ngay Qudc tg Yoga. Ngoai Phat giao. Yoga, am thyc, dien anh, am nhac, thdi trang, vu dao, van hpc An Dp cQng nhan dugc sy ygu thich ciia nhieu ngudi d cac qudc gia khac nhau tren the gidi. Digu nay cho thay van hda An Do cd sue hap dan dac biet, la ngudn lyc quan trpng de An Dp phat huy sire manh mem van hoa cua minh. An Do da xac dinh "mdt trong nhiing trgng tdm Idu ddi ciia viec hogch dinh chinh sdch ddi ngogi cua An Dd Id thuc hien sire mgnh mem thdng qua vdn hda vd cdc gid tri truyin thdng tgi chdu A vd xa han Id My Latinh"
(Iftekharul Bashar, 2009, p.l). An Dp hien nay dang ky vgng se trd thanh mdt nudc lanh dao tu tudng toan cau, ma trudc hgt !a cac nudc d Ddng A.
2. Cach thu-c An Do trien khai siic manh mem van hoa
Hien nay. An Dp triln khai kha thanh cdng cac phuong thuc truyen ba nhung gia trj van hda ra the gidi, cd thg kg dgn mgt sd each thuc sau:
Thie nhdt, thdng qua phdt triin cdng nghiip vdn hda ddc biet la edng nghiep diin dnh di gia tdng dnh huang vdn hda An Do.
Tir cudi thg ky XX, ddu thg ky XXI An Do da dat dugc nhung thanh cdng dang ke trong phat trign cdng nghiep van hda, dac biet la cdng nghiep dien anh, qua dd gia tang anh hudng van hda An Do dgn cac nudc. Ngay nay, mpi ngudi khdng chi nhac rieng den Hollyv/ood ma da ndi nhigu v6
Nghign ciru An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.29-37 32
Nguyen Tien Thu. Siic manh mem vdn hda An Do hien nay Bollywood - trung tam san xuat phim dat tai thii do Bombay, An Dp. Bollywood dugc xem la nganh cdng nghigp san xuat phim Idn nhat thg gidi, xet tren phuang dien san xuat va ngudi lugt ngudi xem. Udc tinh, hang nam Bollywood san xuat han 1.000 bd phim, nhieu han so lugng phim cua Hollywood san xuat. Phim cua Bollywood dugc chieu tren 70 qudc gia tii- Ddng Nam A dgn Tay A, Bac My va chau Au, thu hut khan gia d mgi lira tudi. Doanh thu ciia nen cdng nghiep dien anh An Dp dat 29 ty USD (nam 2013), hien Bollywood cd dung lugng tu lieu dang tai tren Youtube nhieu hon so vdi Hollywood, dii sy hien dien trgn toan cau ciia Boll;-\vood chua thg sanh bdng Hollywod.
Nhigu nghe sT Bollywood nhu Amithabh Bachchan, Aish waryaRai, Shah Rukh Khan da trd thanh bieu tugng van hda An Dp, dupc dyng tirgng sap tai Bao lang Madame Tussauds d Luan Ddn. CJ cac sy kien dien anh Idn, nhung phim ciia Bollywood thudng dugc tdn vinh d it nhat 6 hang myc giai thudng. Nam 2009, bd phim Slumdog Millionaire (Trieu phii khu 6 chugt) do Bollywood san xuat da gianh 8 giai oscar va nhieu giai thudng Idn nho khac, trd thanh mgt trong nhirng tac pham cd chu dg vg dat nudc An Do thanh cong nhat. Tiep ndi sy thanh cdng ciia Slumdog Millionaire, la bg phim ke ve nhii'ng trai nghiem va ndi budn ciia mdt ngudi dan dng vd tgi ngu^di An Dp theo dao Hoi sdng d My, bi bupc tpi trong mdt vu khiing bd. Phim cd ten My name is Khan, cdng chieu nam 2010, sau dd dugc chieu d 64 qudc gia, dugc Tap chi Foreign Policy danh gia la mgt trong nhimg bg phim hay nhat ve chii de 11/9 (Hd Nggc Diem Thanh, 2016, tr.l 00-101). Dieu do cho thay sue manh tigm an ciia ngn cdng nghiep dien anh Bollywood.
Cac san pham van hda ludn chii'a dyng nhirng gia tri van hda ciia mgt dan tpc, dac biet do lai la mgt san pham dien anh - mgt loai hinh nghe thuat tdng hgp. Thanh cdng ciia dien anh Bollywood khong chi mang lai gia trj vg kinh tg ma no cdn giiip cho nhigu ngudi bigt dgn cac gia trj van hda truygn thong cua An Dp. Thdng qua cac bd phim, khan gia cd thg thudng thuc cac nghi le, le hpi Idn ciia An Dp. Dac biet, phim do Bollywood san xuat thudng cd sy pha trdn giu'a ngi dung va ca hat, nhay miia. Nhigu dieu nhay sinh ddng, dep mdt dugc tai hien trong cac bd phim lam cho khan gia thich thii, say ddm. Dien anh cung tao h6 trp va dieu kien cho am nhac phat trign. Nhung bai hat noi tigng chii ygu la cac ban nhac nen trong phim (chigm hon 70% thi phan am nhac) (Ho Nggc Digm Thanh, 2016, tr.lOl).
Ndi vg vai trd ciia cdng nghiep van hda trong viec gia tang siic manh mem van hda An Dp, Cyu Thii tudng Manmohan Singh tirng khdng djnh "Nhieng mdi quan he vdn hod, nin phim dnh eua An Do Bollywood - ldi cd thi thdy khdp nai & Trung Ddng, chdu Phi, ngudi ta cu nhdc din phim An Do sudt. Vl thi, do phd biin eiia Bollywood se gia tdng tdm dnh huang cua An Do tren thi giai.
Quyin luc mim ngdy cdng ed vai trd vd vi tri quan trgng Irong viec quyit dinh sue manh vd vi the qudc gia" (Hd Nggc Dilm Thanh, 2016, tr. 101).
Thie hai. thdng qua chinh sdch ngogi giao van hoa An Do liing cudng truyin bd cdc gid tri vdn hda An Do ra the gi&i
Trong chinh sach "Hdnh dong phia Ddng" ciia An Dp, van hda dugc xac djnh la mot try cot quan trpng, ia cdng cy quygn lyc mem dg An Dp hudng tdi nhung igi ich chien luge tren trudng qudc te. Thu tudng Modi mong muon xay dyng hinh anh mot An Dp tre nhat nhung cd xua nhdt.
Nghign Cliu An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.29-37 33
Nguygn Tign Thu. Siic manh mim vdn hoa An DoJ}ienmy_
Chinb quygn ciia dng da cd nhung chinh sach, bien phap cu thg thuc hien ngoai giao van hda, dua van hda An Dp ra thg gidi.
An Dp thanh lap Hdi ddng Quan he van hoa An Do (ICCR) dl truyin ba van hda An Do ra thg gidi. Cac trung tam ICCR tap trung quang ba van hpc, am nhac, miia. Yoga ciia An Dp, td chirc day tieng Hindi duy tri lign lac vdi cac T6 chuc phi chinh phii (NGOs) trong cdng dong ngudi An tai dia phuang. Hdi ddng van hda An Dp da thanh lap 24 trung tam van hda d nudc ngoai, thu hut 85 thi trudng va 6.000 sinh vign nudc ngoai den trao doi va hpc tap (Srikantb Kondapalli, 2017, p.85).
Rieng Viet Nam, mdi nam ICCR trao 150 xuat hpc bdng cho hpc sinh, sinh vien sang dao tao tai An Dp d nhieu ITnh vyc khac nhau (Parvathaneni Harish, 2019). Dg quang ba van hoa den vdi khan gia loan cau, tii' nam 2010 An Do bat dau tang cudng su dung cac mang xa hdi nhu Youtube, Facebook, Twitter... Cac ca quan ngoai giao An Do d nudc ngoai ciing tich cyc va thudng xuygn td chiic cac boat ddng lign hoan van hda, nhu: "An Dp ben ddng sdng Nile" keo dai 19 ngay d Ai Cap; cudc trinh dien van hda tii' ngay 13/3 din ngay 30/4 vdi chii de ''Den thd, thanh quach va cung dien" "200 nam kiln triic An Dp"... (Srikantb Kondapalli, 2017, p.85).
Ngoai ra. An Dp khuyen khich hgp tac d nhieu trudng dai hgc, vien nghien cii'u d chau A nham phd bign, lan toa cac gia trj van hda An Do d cac qudc gia nay. Chang han, d Viet Nam, nam 2012 lap Vien Nghign ciiu An Dp va Tay Nam A thudc Vien Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, Trung tam nghien ciru An Do, thudc Hpc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh thanh lap nam 2015. Trung tam nghign ciiu An Dp thudc Trudng Dai hpc Qu3c te Hdng Bang, thanh lap nam 2019.
An Dp da va dang trign khai truyen ba van hoa ciia mhih thdng qua cac phuang tien truygn thong, trao ddi hpc thuat, giao luu van hda van nghe. Tir n:im 1939, hang ngay. Ban Ddi ngoai Dai phat thanh toan An Dp phat tin bang 27 ngdn ngu tdi hon 100 quoc gia, vdl myc tigu la truyen dat quan dilm, sy phat trign, ch inh sach, van hda, nghe thuat ciia An Dp tdi ngudi dan cac nudc d chau A, chau Phi, Australia, New Zealand va England. Tap chi India Perspective dugc xuat ban bang 17 ngdn ngu va phat hanh tren 150 qudc gia tren the gidi, nham quang ba di san van hda phong phu ciia An Dp, mdt xa hdi da nguygn phirc hgp va mpt ngn kinh tg sdng ddng. Vu Ngoai giao Cdng chiing kgt hgp vdi cac tru'dng dai hgc, vien nghign ciru Idn trong nudc va qudc te td chitc cac hpi thao, hpi nghi vdi chii dg vg An Dp. Cac phai doan ngoai giao thudng xuyen td chiic cac festival vg phim, am nhac tai cac nudc sd tai dg quang ba van boa An Do. Cac tuan le van hda va dien anh An Dd dugc td chirc thudng xuygn d cac nudc.
An Dp cd Igi the Idn trong viec sii' dung nhan to van hda, ma cu thg la Phat giao dg md rpng anh hudng ciia minh d khu vyc chau A dya tren nhung anh hudng ciia qua trinh An Dp hda trong ljch sil'. Chinh vi vay, Phat giao ngay cang trd ngn quan trgng trong chuih sach ngoai giao van hda ciia Thil tudng Modi va dugc xem nhu mdt nhan td cd thg kgt ndi tat ca chau A. Cac nha ngoai giao cho rdng An Do cd thg sir dyng Phat giao nhu ngudn "siec mgnh mim" dg tao anh hudng d cac quoc gia chau A, dac biet la Nam A va Ddng Nam A. Nguyen Ngoai trudng An Do, dng Krishman Srinivasan nhan djnh "Phgt gido a chdu A Id mdt trong nhieng vdn quy to lan nhdi ciia chiing ldi, mdt yiu Id dge biii trong sice manh mem ciia chiing loi" (Su bir Bhaumik, 2013). Chinh Thu tudng
Nghien ciru An Dp va Chau A. Sd 2 - 2020, tr 29-37 34
Nguyen Tien Thu. Sire manh mim van hda An Dd hien n Modi ciing timg tuygn bd "Ngu&i ta ndi rdng the ky XXI se Id the ky ciia chdu A vd khdng co tranh cdi gi ve dieu ndy.. Neu khdng co Diec Phgt thi thi ky ndy se khdng the la thi ky cua chdu A"
(Pethiyogada, 2015). Ngoai giao Phat giao la mdt cong cy hieu qua cho sy can dy ciia An Dp d khu vyc Nam A, Ddng Nam A va Ddng A. Cac dl san Phat giao d khu vyc nay giiip ich cho tiep can ngoai giao ciia An Do tai day, ddng thdi ciing de nhan manh rdng. An Dp khdng phai la mdt "nguai ngodr tai khu vyc nay. Ngoai giao Phat giao la mdt trong nhung nen tang quan trpng trong chinh sach "Hanh dgngphia Ddng" ciia An Dp dudi thdi Thii tudng Modi.
Cac boat dgng ngoai giao Phat giao da dugc thyc hien tir cac Thu tudng tien nhiem ciia Thu tu'dng Modi, chang han thang 12/2011 Hgi truyin giao Asoka An Do da td chiic Dai hgi Phat giao thg gidi d Thil dd New Delhi vdi sy tai trg ciia Chinh phii An Do. Day dugc coi la sy kien quan trpng trong chien dich quang cao sue manh mgm ciia An Do, da nhan dugc sy iing hd cua nhilu nudc tren the gidi va tao ra mdt anh hudng tich cyc den cac qudc gia Phat giao. Thang 8/2012, An Dp da dua cac thanh vat Kapilavastu dugc luu giu* d bao tang qudc gia tai New Delhi dgn gidi thieu nhieu viing d Sri Lanka, thu hiit sy chii y ciia dong dao Phat tu d qudc dao nay. Thang 12/2012 An Dp va Myanmar ddng td chiic hgi thao ve nghien cii'u Phat giao. Hgi thao keo dai 3 ngay tai Hgc vien Phat giao qudc tg Sitagu d Thanh phd Yangon, Myanmar. Cac boat ddng ngoai giao kg trgn da gdp phan ciing cd thuong hieu cua An Dp trong the gidi Phat giao, xay dung mdt hinh anh An Dp hoa binh, than thien va hgp tac. Thang 8/2010 Quoc hgi An Dg da thdng qua nghi quyet phat trien trudng Dai hpc Nalanda lien ket vdi cac nudc Ddng A nham huy ddng su tham gia ciia xa hdi dan sy An Dp vao nd lire tang cudng giao luu vaa hda va giao due vdi cac nudc lang gigng Ddng A.
Trudng Dai hgc Nalanda la tiem nang Idn nhat cho viec tang sy thu hiit va sii'c anh hudng cua An d chau A va trgn the gidi. Mac dii y tudng xay dyng trudng dai hpc nay la cua An Do va dugc dat d An Do nhung day la sy nd lyc hgp tac to Idn ciia nhieu qudc gia (gdm Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban, Singapore) vol su hd trg ve tien quy, chuygn mdn, ca sd ha tang. Giang vien va sinh vign cua trudng den tir nhieu nudc khac nhau. Trudng dai hpc Nalanda noi Ign "nhu mgt cdng cu ddc luc hd trg sire mgnh mem a hai cdp bdc; mgt la chg khu vice chdu A trong mdi quan he v&i phuang Tdy vd hai Id cho An Do trong mdi quan he v&i chdu A" (NDTV, 2015).
Ngoai ra, An Do da phat huy nhii'ng anh hudng ciia van hda truyen tbdng An Do dg gia tang sue manh mim van hda ciia minh nhu Yoga, cac dieu miia... Thang 9/2014 tai Dai hdi ddng Lien hgp qudc, vdi muc tieu biln yoga trd thanh hien tugng toan cau, Thii ludng Modi da phat bigu rang
"Yoga Id mon qud ciia An Dg cho thi gi&i" va dng da thyc hien thanh cdng cupc van ddng dua ngay 2l/6trdthanhA''^flvgwd'cre'To^a. Trong nam 2014, Thu tudng Modi thanh lap Bp Yoga vaY hgc truyin thong vdi muc dfch ddy manh quang ba truyin thong va van hoa An Do ra thg gidi. Sy thii'a nhan ciia qudc t l ddi vdi Yoga cOng la sy thira nhan nhiJng no lyc ciia thii tudng Modi, idy Yoga lam cdng cu cho cac boat ddng ngoai giao dl ciing co sire manh mem cua An Do. Ngay qudc te Yoga idn ddu tign dugc td chiic tai An Dp vao ngay 21/6/2015 tai Thii do New Delhi. Nhan djp nay Thu tudng Modi da tham gia va thyc hien mdt so tu the Yoga cimg vdi 36.000 ngudi d 152 quoc 'gia. Le ky niem Ngay qudc te Yoga idn thir nhdt diln ra tai 251 thanh phd cua 191 qudc gia. Ngoai
Nghign ctiu An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.29-37 35
N g u y i n Tiln Thg. Sire mgnh mem vdn hda An DdhjiUJI^
trudng Shusma Swaraj nhdc lai rdng "Quyit dmh thdnh lap ngay qudc ti Yoga eiia Lien hop qudc dd^ cho thdy su ddnh gid eao ciia thi gi&i ddi v&i An Do cimg nhu sic gia tdng quyin luc mim tgi ddt nu&c ndy" (NDTV, 2015). Bo trudng Bg Moi trudng Javedekar ndi "Yoga dd duac biit din tren phgm vi todn cdu v&i tren 170 qudc gia img hd vg luyen tap Yoga. Ddy chinh la quyin lice mim cua An Do" (Le Thj Thu, 2011). Udc linh hien nay trgn the gidi c6 khoang tren 400 trieu ngudi luyen tap Yoga va cd hon 600 trung tam Yoga boat dgng d 40 nudc. Sy phat triln ciia Phat giao va nhung anh hudng ciia Yoga da ehirng td su gia tang sue manh mem van hoa An Dg d nhieu qudc gia hien nay.
Thie ba, thdng qua cdng dong nguai An a nuac ngodi di tniyin bd van hda An Do ra thi giai Cgng ddng ngudi An rdng khap, giau cd va ngay cang cd tilng ndi d cac trung tam chinh tri va kinh tg d cac qudc gia cung nhu cac to chirc qudc tg, cd kha nang quang ba hinh anh ciia dat nudc An Dp. Cgng ddng ngudi An d nudc ngoai khoang 25 trieu ngudi. Cl My cd khoang 2,5 trieu ngudi My gde An ngay cang sung tuc va cd tieng ndi chinh tri, 62% ngudi My goc An cd trinh do dai hpc, thu nhap binh quan ciia mdt kieu dan An Dp tai My la hon 60 ngan USD/ nam (Lg Thj Thu, 2Q11).
Hp chinh la cau ndi van hda, truyen tai cac gia tri van hda va hinh anh dat nudc An Do dgn My va cac quoc gia khac. Nam 2004, An Dp thanh lap Bp Cac van de ngudi An Dp d nudc ngoai (MOIA) nham tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho tat ca nhung van de lien quan den ngudi An Do d nudc ngoai la ca sd phat huy vai trd ciia ngudi An d nudc ngoai trong quang ba van hda Au Do. Thu tudng Modi dac biet coi trgng cdng dong ngudi An Do d nudc ngoai, dng mong mudn mdi ngudi An Kieu la mdt dai su ciia An Do tai dat nudc ma hp dang cu trii. Phat bieu trudc 18.000 ngudi My gde An tai quang trudng Madison, New York khang dinh "T&i ddy se Id the ky cita An Dd v&t sice Ire vd ttnh than ddi mai cua ddt nu&c ciia chinh cgng ddng ngu&i An tren loan thi gi&l" (BBC.com, 2014).
Ket luan
An Dp da cd sire manh mem van hda tir trong ljch su va hien nay trong bdi canh mdi, khi cac qudc gia dang canh tranh sire manh mem van hda. An Dp da biet phat huy lgi the ciia minh dg xay dyng sii'c manh mem van hda thdi ky mdi de nang cao anb hudng va vi thg ciia mdt cudng qudc hda binh, than thien. Mac dii cdn rdt nhieu dieu phai Iam phia tnrdc nhirng thyc tg da cluing td sue anh hudng cua van hda An Do ddi vdi the gidl hien dai. Sue manh mem van hda An Do da va dang trd thanh mdt nhan td quan trgng lam gia tang vj thg va anh hudng ciia qudc gia nay tren trudng quoc te.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Ha Dan (2012), Anh huang ciia vdn hda An Do ddi vai van hoa Viet Nam trong Ngo Xuan Binh (chii bign), Thiic ddy quan he Viet Nam - An Do trong bii cdnh mdi, Nxb. Tii' dien bach khoa, Ha Npi.
2. Vu Duang Huan (2010), Ngogi giao vd cong tdc ngogi giao. Nxb. Chinh trj QuIc gia. Ha Npi.
3. Nha xudt ban Thd gioi (2008), Van hda Oc eo vd vuong qudc Phii Nam, Ky ylu hoi thao khoa hpc do Hgi Khoa hpc kjch sii Viet Nam td chuc nhan 60 nam phat hien Van hoa 6c Eo (1944 - 2004), HaNoi.
4. Nha xudt ban Thi gidi (2011), "An Do mai mai huy hodng". Ban dich tieng Viet, Ha Noi.
Nghign ciru An Dp va Chau A. S6 2 - 2020, tr.29-37 36 •
Nguygn Tien Thu. Sire mgnh mem vdn hda An Dd hien nay 5. Nye Sciences S., Jr(2017), Quyin luc mem - Y niem mai ve thdnh cdng trong chinh tri thi gi&i (Lg Trudng An djch), Nxb. Tri thuc, HaNoi.
6. Iftekharu! Bashar, "India soft power: The rule of culture", Journal of inlernalional Affair, Vol 13, No 2, July December 2009.
7. Ilaria Maria Sala (2013), China banks on Buddhism. The Wall Street Journal, August 21.
8. M&nmo\\3.T\S\Y\g\\{2QQZ),PM's address to IFS Probationary Officers. New Delhi, June 11.
9. Madison Square Garden spot for India's Modi on US visit, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia- india-29403546, ngay truy cap 31/12/2019.
10. NDTV (2015), UN's Decision to Mark Yoga Day show India's soft Power- Shusma Swaraj 11. ParvathaneniHarish, Dai sirdac menh toan quygn An Dp tai VleVNam (2Q\9), Li ky niem ngdy sdng lap Hoi ddng Quan he Vdn hda An Dg.
https://nongnghiep.vn/le-ky-niem-ngay-sang-lap-hoi-dong-quan-he-van-hoa-an-do-post239900.html, ngay truy cap 31/12/2019.
12. Pethiyogada (20\ 5) Modi deploys his culture skills in Asia, Brooking India.
13. Priya Chacko (2012),/«£//oH/^ore/^/iPo//cj'.' The Politics ofPoslcolonial Identity from 1947 to 2014, Oxon: Routledge.
14. O. W. Wolters (1970), The Fall ofSriviJaya, Ithaca.
15. Srikanth Kondapalli (2017), "Siic manh mgm An Dp - NhOng thuan lai va kho khan", Ky yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc quoc te: Siec mgnh mem An Dd, sice manh mem Viet Nam trong bdi cdnh khu vuc hda, todn cdu hda, HaNoi.
16. Su bir Bhaumik (2013), "China and India use Buddha for regional ka ma",AlJazeera, January 11.
17. The Economic Times (2015), Yoga is India's soft Power, says Prakash Javadekar.
18. Ho Ngpc Diem Thanh (2016), "Ngoai giao van hoa cua An Dp trong nhung nam dau the ky XXI nhin tirgocdpsu'c manh mgm". Tap ehi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Su pham Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, so 8 (86), thang 8.
19. Le Thi Thu (2011), "Quan he van hoa xa hpi My An Do", Tap chi chdu My ngdy nay, so 5, nam 2011.
20. William Nobrega, Ashish Sinha (2008), Riding the India Tiger: understanding India - the World's Fastest Growing Market, Hoboken Wiley & Sons.
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