BAI BAO TONG QL AN
Vai tro cong tac xa hoi trong bfnh vifn t^i Uc
Nguyen Ddc Huu''
[M^ic tieu: Mo ta tam quan trgng cua cong tac xa hfi U-ong benh vifn, hogt dpng thuc hanh ciia nhan vien
• c o n ^ a c xa hoi trong viec hfi tro cho he thong benh vifn tai IJc.
' f i l i n g p h ^ p nghiSn cihi: Tong quan tai lieu tfr cac nghiSn ciiu cua Hifp hoi cong tac xa hfi Uc ve hogt [dfng cong tde xa hpi trong bfnh vien (AASW) v6i 13 tai lieu dupc tac gia trich d i n
iK^tffBa nghiSn ciru: Tai Uc, cong tac xa hfi trong bfnh vifn c6 vai tro bao vf quyfin dupc cham s6c [ s ^ f c l i o e ciia nguoi bfnh thong qua vifc t u van cac van de xa hpi co lien quan cho ngudi bfnh vA gia 5 hp trong q u i trinh dilu trj; tim k i l m cac dich vy ho trp tren c a sa tim hieu va phan tich cdc y l u jjxaFpi c6 anh hu6ng d i n siic kh6e cua nguoi bfnh; ket noi cac djch vu h i tra cho tung nguoi bfnh;
[nghien cim cung cap bang chiing tfr thuc te hoat dpng de dS xuat chinh sach; ho trp giai toa tam ly cho
•nguai|Denh, nguoi nha va nhan vi£n y t£.
I ^ ^ ^ H n : Tai Uc, nhan vien CTXH bfnh vien cung cap dich vy true tiep nham giam thieu tac dpng cua bfnh tat trong qud trinh nhgp vien. Theo do, nghe cfing tac xa hfii duoc coi n h u mpt dich vy thilt y l u va li£n tyc trong chudi dtch vy ma hf thong bfnh vifn cung cap.
TU khda: Cong tde xd hgi, dich vu chdm sdc y te, benh vi^n, Uc.
D A T V A N D E
Cong tac xa hpi (CTXH) frong bfita vifn CO vai fro dae bift quan frgng frong viec tgo dyng moi quan he hai hoa giua tinh thdn va tae chdt cua ngudi bfnh, giira ngudi benh vdi ngudi than, giua ngudi benh vdi nhiing ngudi xung quanh va vdi rtadn vien y te (1). Cong tac xa hpi frong benh vien Id ede hogt dgng ho frg ngudi bfnh, ngudi nha ngudi benh vd cae nhan vien y te trong benh vifn nhdm gidi quylt cdc van de xa hgi vd tdm Iy lien quan din benh tat va qua trinh kham chiia bfnh.
Myc dich Id h i frp eac nhom doi tapng khac phyc nhiing kho khan ve xa hpi de dat dupc hifu qua cham soc sue khoe tdt nhat. Nhan
#
*Tdcgid lien hf: Nguyen Due Hiiu Email: [email protected]• Tmdng Bgi hpc Cong dodn
vien CTXH frong bfnh vifn Id cau n i i d l gidi quylt cae mau tauin giua benh nhan va nhan vien y te, giira bfnh nhan vd benh nhdn, benh nhan va ngudi nhd bfnh nhan.
Trong qua tiinh hgi nhdp va phat tiiln, viec tiep cgn mo hinh hogt dpng eong tac xa hpi ttong benh vien eiia cde quie gia phat tiiln la kinh nghiem d l Viet Nam ndng eao hifu qua taye hdnh CTXH tgi benh vifn.
Hifp hgi cdng tde xa hgi Oe (Austialian Association of Social Work - AASW) eung cdp mpt cai nhm ting quan v l vai ttd, phiim vi vd sy dong gop cua cdng tde xa hpi ttong benh vifn Theo Hifp hpi nay, nghi cong tac xa hpi cam Ngdy nhdn hdi 30/11/2019
Ngdy phdn bifn: 11/02/2020 Ngdy dang bdt: 24/03/2020
T^ chi Khoa hpc Nghien ciu Sic khde vd Phdt triin (Tdp 04, So 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04, No.01-2020) kit tli da h6a phuc lgi cua ca nhan, gia fflnh,
nhom, cgng ding va xa hgi. Hifp hgi xem xet rdng phuc lgi ca nhan va xa hgi la dupe ciing cl bdi cac cpng ddng hoa nhdp xa hdi trong do nhan mgnh cac nguyen tac cdng bang xa hdi, ton ttpng phdm gia con ngudi va quyin con ngudi. Theo do, nhan vien CTXH duy tri vao ca hai nhifm vy Id ho ttp vd cai thifn phuc lgi cua con ngudi. Ding tiidi cong tde xa b^i cung gidi quyet cdc van de eo tae anh hudng tieu cue tu su bdt binh dang, bat cdng vd phdn biet doi xu (2).
Nhdn vien CTXH benh vien cung cap dich vy tryc tiSp cho bfnh nhdn vd gia dinh (hoge ngudi cham soc hg) nham muc dich giam taieu tde dgng tieu cyc cua benh t^t vd tiong qua trinh dilu tri tai bfnh vien. Vai fro ciia nhan vien CTXH bfnh vien la tang cudng boat dgng xa hgi th6ng qua myc ti6u can tiiiep, huy dgng dich vy va ho frp cho bfnh nhan.
Trong cdc benh vifn tai LJc, nhan vien CTXH can thifp vdo boi ednh cua moi trudng xa hgi va cdc mli quan hf cua bfnh nhan. Doi vdi bfnh nhan, eae van de nhu tam ly, gia dinh, xa hpi, kinh tl vd van hda la cdc yeu to quyet djnh den sue kh6e vd phdc Ipi ciia hg. Hoat dgng CTXH trong bfnh vifn cam ket v§ quyen con ngudi va cong bang xa hdi. Nhan vien CTXH ung hp quyin cua bfnh nhdn va gia dinh (hogc ngudi cham soc cua hp), ching lgi phan biet doi xd vd igm dyng. Cong tae xa hgi frong bfnh vien tgi tic vdi phuang cham tgp trung vdo cham sde bfnh nhan, Idy benh nhdn lam trung tdm. Chinh vi vgy, nhan vien CTXH tiong hf tiling bfnh vifn cung c ^ djch vu da chieu &% dap dng nhu cau ciia bfnh nhdn va gia dinh cua hp (3).
PHUONG P H A P T O N G QUAN TAI LIEU Chu d l t i n g quan: Tai lieu tong quan bao gom cac cdng trinh nghien euu va dupc
trich ddn tu Hiep hpi Cong tac xa hpi Uc (Australian Association of Social Workers- AASW) ve hoat dpng cdng tde xa hgi ehuyen nghifp cua nhan vien CTXH frong benh vifn.
Vdi s6 Iupng tai lifu Id 28 bai bdo v l chu dk lien quan dupc trich ddn thdng qua nhom cdng cy tim kilm tdi lifu. 13 tai lifu dugc tae gid lya chgn de dua vao ting quan. Cac tu khoa tun kilm gom: Social work, health care services. Social work in hospital in Australia.
Muc tiiu tong quan: Ngi dung tdi lifu dupc lua chgn c6 lien quan tryc tiep ve cdc hogt d6ng chli yeu eua cong tac xa hgi tiong benh vifn tgi Uc.
Tieu chudn lua chgn tdi liiu: Nguon tai lifu ddm bdo tinh ehdt cgp nhgt, cdc s l lifu dupc trich nguon khong qua 5 nam tgi thdi diem trich dan.
Nguon thu thgp tdi lieu: tai lifu dugc tong hpp tu tap chi chuygn nganh, eac bao eao nghien cdu ve hogt dpng eua cong tde xa hpi tiong benh vien thong qua eong ey tim kilm tien website: sciencedirect, researchgate and google scholar.
KET QUA TONG QUAN TAI LIEU Vi tri vifc Idm cua nhan vien cdng tac xa hgi trong benh vien (2, 4, 5)
Tgi Oc, nhdn vien CTXH chuygn nghiep sau khi dupc tayIn dung frong hf taong bfnh vien, hg co thi ldm vifc vdi eac khoa dieu tii bfnh nhan nhu: Khoa edp edu; Cham soc dac biet, bao gom cd sa sinh; Nhi khoa; Sdn khoa;
Ung tiiu; Than; Thdn kinh; Chdn thuang;
Tinh trang sue khoe man tinh; Tim; Bong;
Djch vy lao khoa; Sue khoe tam tiidn vd tdm thdn; Tdn cong tinh dye vd lam dyng tie em;
Journal ofHealth and Developm BAI BAO TONG QUAN
Vai tro c6ng tac xa hoi trong bfnh vien tai Uc
Nguyen Due Hiiu''
T 6 M T A T
Myc ti6u: Mfl ta tdm quan trpng cua cong tac xa h^i trong bfnh vifn, hoat dpng thyc hanh cua nhan vien cong tac xa hpi trong vifc hfi trp cho he thong bfnh vifn tai Oc.
Phnvng phap nghien cihi: Tflng quan tdi lieu tii cac nghien ciiu ciia Hifp hfi cong tac xa bpi Uc ve hogt dpng cong tac xa hpi trong bfnh vien (AASW) voi 13 tai lifu dupc tac gia trich din
Kit qu& nghiSn cuu: Tgi Uc, cfing tac xa hpi trong bfnh vien c6 vai trfl bao ve quyin dupc cham soc siic khoe cua ngucri benh thong qua viec tu van cac van de xa hpi co liSn quan cho nguoi bfnh va gia dinh cua hp trong qua trinh dieu tri; tim kiem cac dich vy hi trp trSn ca sa tim hilu vd phdn tich cdc ylu tfl x3 hpi CO dnh hudng din siic khfle cua nguoi bfnh; ket noi cac dich vy ho trp cho tiing ngucri bfnh;
nghien ciiu cung cdp bSng chiing tfr thyc tl hoat dfng dl dl xudt chuih sach; hi trp giai toa tdm ly cho nguW bfnh, ngufiri nha va nhan vien y te.
Kit lu|n: Tgi Oc, nhau vien CTXH benh vien cung cdp dich vu tryc tilp nham giam thilu tac dpng cua bfnh t^t trong qud trinh nhgp vifn. Theo do, ngbl cong tde xa hpi dupc coi nhu mpt dich vy thilt ylu vd lien tyc trong ehuoi dich vy ma hf thong bfnh vien cung cSp.
Tie khda: Cong idc xa hgi, dfch vy chdm soc yte, b^nh vien, Uc.
DAT V A N 0 E
Cong tac xa hpi (CTXH) ttong berta vifn CO vai ttd dae bift quan ttpng ttong viec tgo dung moi quan he hai hoa giua tinh taan va thi chat ciia ngudi bfnh, giua ngudi benh vdi ngudi than, giua ngudi bfnh vdi nhiing ngudi xung quanh va vdi nhan vien y te (1). Cdng tac xa hgi ttong bfnh vifn la cde hogt dpng ho frg ngudi benh, ngudi nhd ngudi berta vd cdc nhan vien y t l frong bfnh vifn nham giai quylt eac vdn de xa hpi va tam Iy lien quan din bfnh tgt vd qud tiinh khdm chua benh.
Myc dieh Id h i tig cde nhom doi tagng khac phyc nhung kho khan ve xa hgi de dat dugc hifu qud cham soc sue khoe tot nhat. Nhan
. —-^ *Tdc gid Iiin hf: Nguyen Diic HOu [ ^iSa^') Efioil.- [email protected] V__^ ' Tivang Bgi hpc Cong doan
vign CTXH tiong bfnh vien la edu n i i d l gidi quyet ede mdu tauan giua benh nhan va nhan vien y t l , giira benh nhan vd bfnh nhdn, bfnh nhan vd ngudi nhd benh nhdn.
Trong qua trinh hgi nhdp vd phat tiiln, viec tilp can mo hinh hogt dgng eong tac xa hgi frong benh vien cua eae quie gia phdt tiiln la kinh nghifm d l Vift Nam ndng eao hifu qua thyc hdnh CTXH tgi benh vifn.
Hifp hpi edng tac xa hgi Oc (Austialian Association of Social Woric - AASW) cung cdp mgt cdi nhm tdng quan vl vai tto, pham vi va su d6ng gop cua edng tac xa hpi ttong bfnh vifn.
Theo Hifp hgi nay, ngbl cdng tac xa hgi cam Ngdy nhgn bdi: 30/11/2019
Ngdy phdn bign • 11/02/2020 Ngdy ddng bdi: 240} 2020
kit tli da boa phuc lgi eua cd nhan, gia dmh, nhom, cgng ding va xa hgi. Hifp hgi xem xet rdng phiic lpi ca nhan va xa hgi la dupc cung c6 bdi cac cpng dong boa nhap xa hgi trong do nhdn manh cae nguyen tde cong bdng xa hgi, ton ttgng phdm gia con ngudi va quyen eon ngudi. Theo do, nhan vi§n CTXH duy tri vdo cd hai nhifm vyid h6 ttp vd cdi thifn phuc lgi cua con ngudi. Dong tiidi cong tac xa hgi cung giai quylt cdc van de eo the anh hudng tieu eye tu sy bdt binh dang, bat edng vd phan bift doi xu (2).
Nhdn vien CTXH bfnh vien cung cap dieh vy trye tilp cho bfnh nhan va gia dinh (hogc ngudi cham soc hg) nham myc dich giam thieu tde dgng tieu cyc cua benh tlit vd frong qua binh dieu tri tai bfnh vien. Vai frd ciia nhan vien CTXH bf rta vien la tang cudng boat d^ng xa hgi taSng qua myc tieu can thiep, huy dgng djch vy va ho ttg eho bfnh nhan.
Trong cdc bfnh vien tai Oe, nhan vien CTXH can thifp vao boi eanh cua moi trudng xa hgi va cdc mli quan hf cua bfnh nhan. Doi vdi bfnh nhan, cac vdn de nhu tam ly, gia dinh, xa hpi, kmh t l va van boa la cac ylu to quylt djnh den sue khoe va phue lgi ciia hp. Hoat dpng CTXH trong benh vien cam ket ve quyen con ngudi vd edng bdng xa hpi. Nhan vien CTXH iing hp quyin cua bfnh nhdn va gia dinh (hoac ngudi cham soc cua hg), chong lgi phdn biet doi xu vd Igm dyng. Cong tae xa hpi frong benh vifn tgi Oc vdi phuong cham tap ti^mg vdo cham soc bfnh nhan, idy benh nhan Iam trung tam. Chmh vi vdy, nhan vien CTXH tiong hf taong benh vifn eung cap djch vu da chiSu de dap dng nhu cau ciia bfnh nhan va gia dinh ciia hg (3).
PHUONG P H A P T 6 N G QUAN TAI LIEU Chu de tSng quan: Tai lieu tong quan bao gim cdc cong trinh nghien cuu va dugc
hi Khoa hpc Nghien ciu Sue khoe vd Phdt trien (Tap 04. So 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol 04, No. 01-2020) trich din tii Hiep hgi Cong tac xa hgi Oc (Austialian Association of Social Workers- AASW) ve boat dgng cdng tac xa hgi chuyen nghiep cua nhan vien CTXH frong benh vifn.
Vdi so Iupng tai lieu Id 28 bai bdo v l chu dk lien quan duge trich ddn tadng qua nhom cong cu tim kiem tai lifu. 13 tai lifu duge tde gia lya chgn de dua vdo tong quan. Cac tu khoa tim kiem gom: Social work, health care services. Social work in hospital in Australia.
Mgc tieu tong quan: Ngi dung tdi lieu dupc lya ehgn c6 lien quan tryc tiep ve cdc boat dOng chu yeu cua cong tac xa hpi trong benh vien tai Oc.
Tiiu chudn lua chgn tdi liiu: Nguin tdi lifu ddm bao tinh chat cap itaat, eac so lifu dugc trich nguin khong qud 5 nam tai thdi diem trich dan.
Nguon thu thdp tdi lieu: tai Hfu dupe tong hpp tii tap chi chuyen nganh, ede bdo cdo nghien cdu ve boat d6ng cua cong tac xa hpi ttong bfnh vien thong qua eong cy tim kiem frgn website: seieneeduect, researchgate and google scholar.
KET QUA TONG QUAN TAI LIEU Vi tri vifc lam cua nhdn vien cong tac xa hoi trong bfnh vien (2, 4, 5)
Tgi Oc, nhan vien CTXH chuyen nghiep sau khi dugc tayln dyng tiong hf taong bfnh vien, hp cd tae Idm viee vdi cac khoa di£u tii benh nhan nhu: Khoa cdp cuu; Cham soc dac biet, bao gom cd so sinh; Nhi khoa; Sdn khoa;
Ung thu; Than; Than kinh; Chdn thuang;
Tinh ttang sue khde man tinh; Tim; Bong;
Djch vu lao khoa; Sue khoe tam tiidn vd tdm thdn; Tan cong tinh dye va lam dyng tie em;
Phyc hdi chuc nang; Cay ghep; Dich vu vl ma tiiy va ruou; Cham soc giam nh?, Nhu vdy, tdm bao quat cua nhan vien CTXH tai Oc la khd toan difn. Day la can eu phap ly quan ttgng dl nhan vien CTXH ed thi cung cdp cdc djch vu can taiet cho ngudi bfnh (5).
Hoat d$ng cong tac xa hoi trong bfnh vifn t^iUc
Nhan vien CTXH dua fren mgt loat cdc ky nang, kien thde de nghiSn cuu dam bdo ddrta gid todn difn ve tinh hinh cua benh nhan (6). Vifc ddnh gid cong tde xa hpi Id boat dgng bat bupc khi tiep nhan bfnh nhan dieu frj ttong hf tadng beita vien tai Oe. Nhiing ddnh gia nay lam ea sd va bang chimg ttong hoat dpng ean thifp dieu tij. Thong tin ma rtadn vien CTXH cung cap se gidi quyet cdc van dl xa hgi va tinh cam tae dpng den bfita nhdn, gia dinh ngudi benh (hoac ngudi cham soc hg) trong qua trinh phyc hoi tam ly vd sue khde (7).
Tgi Oc, nhan vien CTXH Id tadnh vien tailt yeu cua benh vifn da ngdnh. Hg Iam vifc vdi bde Sl, y ta va cac chuyen gia sue khoe. Nhdn vien CTXH cd thi tap hudn cho dpi ngu cham soc sue khoe ve tac dpng cda tdm Iy, tinh cam ciing nhu cdc khia cgnh xa hpi den tinh trgng cua benh itaan. Thong tin nay cd the dnh hudng ddng ke den ke hoach cham sdc benh nhan, dnh hudng din nhu cdu dieu tri va phuc hoi ciia chirta hg (8).
Phgm vi harta nghi cong tac xa hpi tiong he tadng bfnh vien tai Oc bao gom:
Thdm dinh vd ddnh gia (9)
• Ddnh gid tam ly xa hOi todn dien cua benh nhan, bao gim cd gia dinh, ngudi cham sdc va nhiing ngudi quan tigng khde.
Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04. No ot -*"- -.
• Ddnh gid todn difn vd boat dpng can thifp ttong cdc linh vye: Igm dyng vd xao nhang tie em; bao luc gia dinh; Igm dung ngudi cao mdi va lam dung tinh due.
• Ddnh gid nang lye, ehdc nang vd sy phat triln eiia bfnh nhan bao gom ho trg cd ve nha d vd cho d.
• Ddnh gid dya tren bang ehdng vl eac vdn de tam ly - xa hgi cua bfnh nhdn tirong vifc can thifp dilu tri tai bfnh vifn.
Tw van, hoa gidi vd diiu tri can thi$p (2, 5, 10)
• Tu vdn, tri lifu vd can thiep nham giiip dd bfnh nhdn/ngudi cham soc dieu chiita thdi dg va hanh vi ttong bfnh vifn.
• Tu van, tri lifu va ean thifp de dieu chinh phan ung cdm xiic eiia bfnh nhan phdi dii mat ttong chan dodn bfnh. Tu do c6 tai thay doi vai tto xa hgi frong dieu tii bfita.
• Tu van, trj lifu vd ean taifp Idm giam dau buon va mat mdt cho bfnh nhdn va ngudi nhd bfnh rtadn.
• Can thifp todn difn lien quan din tinh trang sdc khoe man tinh (dgc bift tap trung vao dien biln tam ly tac dpng din kit qud sdc khoe).
• Hoa gidi vd gidi quylt xung dpt.
• H6 tig ngudi cham s6e liSn quan din sue khoe va phuc lgi.
• Ldm vifc nhom voi eac chuang trinh gido dye tam ly.
• Phat friln phu hpp vdi vdn hoa da dgng frong can taifp trj lifu.
Can thiip khung hoang (1,3)
' Ho frg nhiing ngudi dl bi ton thuang, nhirng ngudi gap khung hoang frong qua ttbh dilu tri vd mong muln duge thy hudng cdc nhu cau trong bfnh vien.
• Dich vy dac bift dugc eung cap cho itaan vien CTXH de ho ttg khan cdp tiong cac trudng hpp ddn din chdn thuang bdt ngd, td vong hoge cdc khiing hodng Idn (bao gim cd thien tai).
Vgn dpng chinh sdch (11)
• H6 frg cd nhan, gia duta vd ngudi cham soc dl ty bifn hO, hogc giup hg tiep can vdi cde nguon lue td ehinh sdch cham soc sue khoe.
• Van dOng thay doi he thong td chde nhdm hudng tdi dap dng nhu cdu cua ngudi bfnh dupe tot ban.
Qudn ly trw&ng hpp, diiu phoi dich v^ vd cdng viic da ngdnh (9)
• Nhan viSn CTXH quan ly trudng hpp va dilu phii dich vy cham soc sdc khde, cung cdp cho ca ben tiong va ben ngodi bfnh vifn.
• Gidi thifu ngudi bfnh hoac ngudi nha bfnh nhdn din cdc dich vu cham soc khde phu hop hon ed vl chi phi va chmh sdch tay hudng.
• Dam bdo lien lac thdng suot vd kit noi giua bfnh nhan, gia dinh, ngudi cham soc vdi thdnh vien nhdm cham soc sue khoe sau khi ra vifn.
• H6 tig nhan vien bfnh vien thong qua cac khoa dao tgo vl bii cdnh va nhu cdu tam ly xa hpi ciia bfnh nhdn.
• Thuc ddy tiuyln thdng vd hpp tde giua thanh vien cac nhdm cham soc sue khoe.
• Phli hpp va ldp kl hogch cham soc lien tiac sau khi benh nhan xudt vifn.
Hi Khoa hpc Nghien ciu Sue khoe vd Phdt trien (Tgp 04, So 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04. No.01-2020)
• Thyc hifn mpt logt cac chuc nang theo lugt diita lien quan den cac yeu cau frong cung cap djch vy. Dieu nay bao gim; bdo vf fre em; cde djch vy sue khoe tdm than; ngudi de bi tin tauang; vai tio ciia luat su hoac ngudi gidm hp.
Gido due, cung cdp ngudn luc ho tr^r thfte
• Cung cap ngudn, tray cap thong tin vd hi trp tdi chinh phu hpp.
• Cung cdp tadng tin gido dye cho bfnh nhan/gia dinh/ngudi cham s6c ve mue dp cham soc sue khoe, vai fro cua thanh vien ttadm cham sdc sue khoe.
• H6 tip benh nhan va gia dinh/ngudi cham sdc giao tiep vdi cac thanh vien cua dOi cham soc sue khoe, hieu thong tin vd ke hoaeh cham soc y te.
Thiet ke chwang trinh vd nghien cuu chinh sacA (2-13) (1-3, 5-13)
• Hudng din vd hi frg tauc hien mo hinh cham soc *'ldy bfnh nhan ldm trung tam" tai mgt to chuc tai diem.
• Xdy dyng ehinh sach, thiet ke va ddnh gid chuang tiinh cham sdc sue khoe.
• Tham gia vdo nghien euu va xuat bdn tgp chi chuy6n nganh.
Cung cdp chuyin mon lam sdng (13) Nhan vien CTXH cung cdp chuyen mon Iam sang frong vifc giai quyet cac van de tdm ly xa hpi cua bf tta nhdn bao gom:
• Lam dyng vd xao nhang fre em, bao lue gia dmh, bao lye bgn tmh, lam dyng tinh dye, lam dung va khai thac ngudi cao taoi.
mil) .j'^^i)
Phuc hoi chuc nang; Cdy ghep; Dich vy ve ma tiiy vd ruou; Cham sdc gidm nhe.
Nhu vay, tdm bao quat ciia rtadn vien CTXH tgi Oc la kha toan difn. Day la can cu phap ly quan tipng dl nhdn vien CTXH c6 the eung cdp cac dich vy ean thiet cho ngudi bfnh (5).
Hoat dpng cong tac xa h$i trong bfnh vifn tai tie
Nhan vien CTXH dua tien mpt logt cdc ky nang, kien thuc de nghien cuu dam bdo danh gia todn dien ve tinh hinh cua bfnh nhan (6). Vifc ddnh gid cong tae xa hpi Id hogt dfng bdt bupc khi tiep nhan bfnh nhan dieu tti ttong hf taIng bfnh vien tai Oe. Nhiing ddnh gid nay lam ca sd vd bang chdng ttong hogt dpng can thiep dieu tii. Thdng tm ma nhan vien CTXH eung cap se gidi quyet cac van de xa hpi va tinh cam tde dpng den bfnh nhdn, gia dirta ngudi bf rta (hogc ngudi cham s6c hg) ttong qua trinh phuc hoi tam ly vd sde khoe (7).
Tgi Oc, nhan vien CTXH la thdnh vien tailt ylu cua bfnh vifn da nganh. Hg ldm viee vdi bde sT, y td vd cdc chuyen gia sdc khoe. Nhan vien CTXH cd tai tgp hudn eho dgi ngu cham sde sdc khoe ve tde dpng ciia tam Iy, tinh cdm cung nhu cac khia cgnh xa bpi den tinh trgng eua benh nhan. Thong tm nay ed tae anh hudng dang kl din kl hogch cham soc bfnh itaan, dnh budng den nhu cdu dieu trj vd phyc hii cua chmh hg (8).
Phgm vi hdnh nghe cdng tac xa hgi trong hf thing benh vifn tai Uc bao gdm:
Thdm dfnh vd ddnh gid (9)
• Danh gid tam ly xa hOi toan difn cua bfnh nhdn, bao gdm cd gia dinh, ngudi cham sdc va nhung ngudi quan trpng khac.
Joumal ofHealth and Development Stupes (M. 04. No.
• Ddnh gid todn difn vd boat dgng can thifp tiong cde ITnh vye: Igm dung va xao nhang tte em; bgo lue gia dmh; Igm dung ngudi cao tadi vd Igm dung tinh dye.
• Danh gid nang Iyc, chuc nang va sy phdt trien cua bfnh nhan bao gim ho ttg cd ve nha d vd chl d.
• Danh gia dua trgn bdng ehdng ve cae van dl tam \<f - xa hgi eua bfnh nhdn ttong vifc can thifp dieu trj tgi bfnh vifn.
Tw vdn, hda gidi vd dieu tri t^*" fhifp (2, 5, 10)
• Tu vdn, tri lieu vd can taifp nham giup dd bfnh nhan/ngudi cham sdc dieu chinh thai dp vd hdnh vi ttong bfnh vifn.
• Tu van, trj lifu vd ean taifp de dieu ehinh phdn dng cam xue ciia benh nhan phai dii m§t ttong chdu dodn benh. Td dd cd thi thay doi vai tto xa hgi ttong dilu tri bfnh.
• Tu van, tri lifu va can taifp lam giam dau buon va mdt mat cho benh nhan vd ngudi nha benh nhdn.
• Can thifp todn dien lien quan den tinh frgng sue khoe man tmh (dgc bift t|ip trung vdo dien biln tam ly tac dgng din kit qud sue khoe).
• Hoa giai vd giai quylt xung dgt.
• H6 ttp ngudi chdm sdc lien quan din sue khoe vd phue Ipi.
• Lam vifc nhdm vdi cdc chuang ttinh giao dye tam ly.
• Phdt triln phli hgp vdi van hda da dang ttong ean thifp tri lifu.
Can thifp khung hodng (1,3)
• Hd frg nhirng ngudi dl bi ton tiiuong, nhung ngudi gap khung hodng frong qua trinh dilu tri vd mong muon dupc tau hudng cdc nhu cau frong bfnh vifn.
• Dich vy dgc bift dupc cung cap cho nhan vi6n CTXH dl hi ttp khdn cdp frong cac tmdng hgp dan din chdn thuang bat ngd, tu vong hoac cac khung hodng ldn (bao gom ca thien tai).
Van dgngchinh sach (11)
• Ho trp cd nhdn, gia dinh va ngudi cham soc dl tg bien hp, hogc giup hp tiep can vdi cdc nguin lye hi chmh sdch cham sdc sue khoe.
• Vgn dpng thay doi hf thong to chuc nham hudng tdi dap ung nhu cdu cua ngudi bfnh dupe tit ban.
Qudn l;^ trw&ng hpp, diiu ph6i dich v{/ vd cong viic da ngdnh (9)
• Nhan vien CTXH qudn ly tiordng hgp vd dieu phli djch vu cham sdc sdc khoe, cung cdp eho ea ben frong va ben ngodi bfnh vien.
• Gidi thifu ngudi benh hoac ngudi nha bfnh nhan din cac djch vy cham sdc khde phu hpp hon cd vl chi phi vd ehinh saeh tay budng.
• Dam bdo lien Ige thdng suot vd ket noi giira bfnh nhdn, gia dinh, ngudi cham soc vdi taanh vien nhdm cham soc sdc khde sau khi ra vifn.
• Ho tig nhan vien bfnh vifn tiidng qua eac khoa ddo tgo ve bdi canh va nhu cau tam ly xa hgi ciia bfnh nhan.
• Thue ddy truyin tiidng va hgp tde giua thanh viSn cdc nhdm cham sdc sdc khde.
• Phli hgp va lap kl hogch cham sdc lien tyc sau khi bfnh nhan xuat vifn.
Vl Khoa hpc Nghien ciu Sic khoe vd Phdt triin (Tpp 04, SS 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (VoL04, No.01-2020)
• Thyc hien mOt loat eac ehdc nang theo luat dinh liSn quan den cac yeu eau frong eung cap djch vy. Di6u nay bao gdm: bdo ve tie em; cac dich vu sue khoe tdm thdn; ngudi dl bj tdn thuong; vai ttd cua luat su hogc ngudi giamhg.
Gido d^c, cung cap ngudn Iwc ho trp th^
ti{\\)
• Cung edp ngudn, truy cgp thdng tin vd hd ttp tai chinh phu hgp.
• Cung edp thdng tin gido due cho bfnh nhan/gia dinh/ngudi cham sdc ve mdc do cham sdc sdc khde, vai ttd cua thdnh vien nhdm cham sdc sdc khde.
• H6 tig bfnh nhan vd gia dinh/ngudi eham sdc giao tilp vdi cdc thanh vien cua dgi cham sdc sue khde, hilu thdng tm va ke hoach cham sdc y te.
Thiit ki chwffng trinh vd nghiin cAu chink sacA (2-13) (1-3, 5-13)
• Hudng ddn vd hd ttp thyc hien md hmh eham sdc "lay benh nhan lam tnmg tam" tgi mpt tl chuc thi diem.
• Xdy dyng chinh sdch, thilt kl va ddnh gia chuang trinh cham sde sdc khde.
• Tham gia vdo nghien cuu vd xuat bdn tgp chi chuyen ngdnh.
Cung cdp chuyen man lam sdng (13) Nhan vien CTXH cung cdp chuyen mdn Iam sdng ttong viec giai quyet cac van de tdm Iy xa hgi cua bfnh nhan bao gdm:
• Lgm dyng va xao nhang tte em, bao Iyc gia dinh, bgo Iyc bgn tmh, lam dung tinh dye, lgm dyng va khai thac ngudi cao tadi.
• Ho ttg lam giam dau budn vd mat mat de cai thifn co chl ddi phd lien quan din trdm cam, tan tgt, hi tii, vd eai chit dot nggt.
• Tham van cac van de phap Iy vd hanh vi dao due (vi du: ra quyet dinh hoac lap ke hogch cudi ddi de cham ddt can thiep y te hogc hien tang sau khi qua ddi).
• Danh gia tinh trang sue khde man tinh bao gom: sdc khde tdm thdn, chdn thuang, chan dodn khuylt tat.
• Can thifp vd hd ttp bfnh rtadn hen quan din cac vdn dl tdm ly xa hdi phdc tgp tiding mli quan hf cua gia dmh.
BAN LUAN
Td cdc boat ddng thyc tiln cua nhan vien CTXH, vai ttd cua cdng tde xa hdi ttong bfnh vifn tgi Oe dugc thi hifn tadng qua cdc nhdm djch vy sau:
• Cung cap cde dich vy can thifp phu hgp nhdt vdi CO chl ciia bfnh vifn.
• Phdt triln cde md hinh van hda phu hgp tiong cung cap djeh vu.
• Giam cdc dich vy y tl khdng phu hpp vdi nhu cdu eua benh nhdn tadng qua danh gid todn difn tam Iy xa hgi, qua dd cd the gidi taifu ngudi bfnh din cae dich vu dya tten cdng ddng.
• Ho ttg mang Iudi gia dmh va edng ddng de truy cgp vdo cac tdi nguyen taich hgp.
• Giu vai ttd lanh dao khi lam viec ttong dgi ngu da nganh, lgp kl hogch can thifp eho cdc vdn dl nii ro, lgm dyng vd chan tauong.
• Tiln hanh ddnh gia tam Iy xa hgi toan difn dl cung cdp tiidng tin. Day la can cu quan
Journal of Health and Development Studies (Vol-04 No-OI-^v.^"'
ttpng de cdc chuyen gia da ngdnh vd dpi ngu y tl cd nhirng quyet dinh ddi vdi berta nhdn.
• Dao tgo eho cde ehuyen gia y te ve tam ly xa hdi ede van de hen quan khde tde dpng den phyc hdi cua ngudi benh.
• Ddng gdp tiong lihb vuc y te bdng cung cdp djch vy cdng tac xa hpi ttong tuong lai thdng qua vifc doi mdi chuang trinh vd boat dpng nghien euu.
KET LU^N
Td boat dgng cua dieh vu cdng tae xa hpi ttong bfnh vifn tgi Uc cho thay, cdng tde xa hpi tiong bfnh vifn cd vai ttd bao ve quyen dupc eham sdc sue khde ciia bfnh nhan thdng qua vifc ta vdn cac vdn dl xa hOi cd lien quan cho bfnh nhan vd gia dinh cua hp ttong qua trinh dieu trj. Ciing vdi do, ede djch vy do nhan vien CTXH hd tig dya tten ca sd tim hilu vd phdn tich cdc yeu td xa hdi cd aita hudng din sue khde cOa benh rtadn. Nhan vien CTXH kit ndi cac djch vu hd tig cho tung benh nhan ddng tadi nghien cdu cung cdp bdng chung td thue tl boat dgng dl dl xudt chmh sach, ho trg gidi tda tdm ly eho bfnh nhan, ngudi nhd va nhdn vien y tl w... Ddy Id nhung boat dgng md Vift Nam ed thi tham khdo frong qua tiinh xdy dung vd phat triln dgi ngu ldm cdng tac xa hgi chuyen nghiep ttong cac bfnh vifn hifn nay.
Gidi han nghien cmi: Do hgn chl vl thdi gian vd cdc cdng cy tim kilm, ngudn tdi lieu dupe tac gid tiich dan ttong bai vilt nay chua phdn anh bet eac hogt dpng edng tde xa hgi chuyen nghifp tgi Oc. Mgt khac, ede tiiugt ngd vd khai nif m dupc md ta cd tai chua phu hpp vdi each tilp nhdn ngdn ngu ban dja do phdn djch thugt cdn hgn che ciia tac gid.
fAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Continuing Professional Education Policy (2006). Canberra: Australian Association of Social Workers [Sciencedirect].
2. Australian Association of Social Workers.
"Code of Ethics". Retrieved 10 June 2019.
[Google Scholar].
3. Auerbach, C, Mason, S., & Laporte, H. (2017) Evidence that Supports the Value of SocialWork in Hospitals, Social Work in Health Care, 17-32 [Reseachgate].
4. Australian Association of Social Workers.
About The Australian Association of Social Workers, https://www.aasw.asn.au/about-aasw/
about-aasw. Archived from the origmal on 16 April 2019 [Sciencedirect].
5. Australian Association of Social Workers.
"AASW Joumal Information", www.aasw.asn.
au. Retrieved 2 October 2016 [Google Scholar].
6. Du Plooy, L., Harms, L., Muir, K., Martin, B., & Ingliss, S. (2014). 'Black Saturday' and its Aftermath: Reflecting on Post-disaster Social Work Interventions in an Australian TraumaHospital, Australian Social Work, 274- 284 [Google Scholar].
7. Infonnation for Social Workers regarding visas and immigration to Australia. Archived
<ii Khoa hpc Nghien cwu Sic khoe vd Phdt trien (Tqp 04, SS 01-2020) Joumal of Health and Development Studies (Vol.04, No.01-2020)
from the original on 27 December 2019 [Reseachgate].
8. Galati, M., Wong, H., Morra, D., & Wu, R.(2016) An Evidence-based Case for the Valueof Social Workers in Efficient Hospital Discharge, The Health Care Manager, 242-246 [Reseachgate].
9. Lechraan, C. & Duder, S. (2019) Hospital Length of Stay: Social Work Services as an Important Factor, Social Work in Health Care, 495-504 [Seieneeduect].
10. Auerbach, C. & Mason, S. (2015) The Value of the Presence of Social Work in Emergency Departments, Social Work m Health Care, 314- 326 [Reseachgate].
11. Schroepfer, T. (2016) Oncology Social Work in Palliative Care, Current Problems in Cancer, 357-364 [Sciencedirect].
12. Mason, S. & Auerbach, C. (2019) Factors Related to Admissions to a Psychiatry Unit from a Medical Emeigency Room; The Role of Social Work, Social Work in Mental Health, 429-441 [Sciencedirect].
13. Pockett, R. & Beddoe, E. (2015) Social Work in HealA Care: An Intemational Perspective, International Social Work, DOI;10.1177/0020872814562479 [Google Scholar].
Nguyin Bic Hihi Tpp chiKh^ ,.^^ .-.fe.j.i:. u_. -
Joumal ofHealth and De\elopment Studies (Vol.tM Vo ui -. "-—
The role of social worl( in the hospital in Australia
Nguyen Due Huu' ' Vietnam Trade Union University Objectives: Describe tae importance of social work in hospitals, tiie practice of social workers in supporting the hospital system in Austi^lia. Metaodology: A review of literature from the Ausfralian Association of Social Workers' Research on Social Work in Hospitals (AASW)-13 articles are quoted by authors. Results; Clarifying the specific activities of social workers in tae hospital system in Austialia such as counseling, assessment, crisis intervention, advocacy...
for groups of clients support m tae hospital. Discussion: The value of Social Work m hospitals in Australia for patients, caregivers, families and tae community. Conclusion: In Austtalia, hospital social workers provide direct services to minimize the impact of illness during admission. Accordingly, social work is considered an essential and continuous service in the service chain that tae hospital system provides.
Key words: Social work, health care services, hospitals, Australia.
