VAO GIANG DAYOI HOC VIEN CHINH TRI

ia

VAN DUNG PHirONG PHAP DAY HOC TICH a/C

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VAO GIANG DAYOI HOC VIEN CHINH TRI -

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HANHCHINHQUOCGIAHOCHIMINH

• IS NGUYEN THI TUYET MAI tidn day hpc trong mdi logi hinh trudng cung Vu Cdc trudng chinh H HQC vien Chinh tri - nhu d cdc mdn hgc cg thd van cfin la vdn dd

Hdnh chinh quoc gia Ho Chi Minh ,. , ., , ^ ^..

can nghien cuu, ttao ddi.

Khai niem "phuong phap tich cue" thufing dugc sii dung trong giao due theo nghia khai qudt, nd dugc xem nhu cdc nguyen tdc hay

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di mfii gido dgc dang didn ra tren quy bao gdm cdc phuong phdp dgy hpc, gido due mfi todn cau. Nha trufing tu cho khep dupc tidn hanh theo hudng phdt huy tinh chti kin da chuyen sang md cua rgng rai, dOng tich cue ctia ngudi hpc; phuong phdp tang cudng ddi thogi voi xa hgi va gdn bd chat tich cgc hod boat dOng hpc tap; phuong phdp che vdi nghien ctiu khoa hpc - cong nghe va hoat dgng hod ngudi hgc, phuong phdp hgc ling dung. Ngufii thdy gido thay vi chi truyen tap chti dOng.

dat tri thtic, gid ddy da cung cap them cho Trong khai niem phuang phdp tich cgc, tii ngudi hgc phuang phip thu nhin, phan tieh, tieh cucdugc dting vfii nghia Id chu dOng, hogt tdng hap, sing tao nhung tri thiic, thong tin. dgng, trdi nghia vfii bi ddng ma khong dting Ddi mfii dgy hpc cd vd muc tieu, ndi dung vd trdi nghia vfii tieu cue. Tinh tich cue bieu hien phuong phap dao tgo cho phu hgp voi nhiing trong boat dOng chti dgng ctia ngufii hpc. Vi thay ddi vd kinh td trd nen hdt sue cdp bdch. thd, cfi thd hieu phuang phip day hgc tich cue Phuong phap dgy hpc tich cgc hi^n dang la phuemg phap day hoc hudng tdi viic hoc tip dugc dong ddo cdc nha quan ly giao due, cdc ehu dong, chong lai thoi quen hoe thu ddng.

thdy cfi gido vd toan xd hOi quan tam. Da cfi Tuy nhien, theo chting tfii, giua phuong phdp nhidu nghien ciru vd ca sa ly luan cung nhu su tich cgc vd phuong phap thu dOng khfing ed cdn thidt phai su dgng phuong phdp ndy, tuy mgt ranh gidi tuyet ddi trong thgc tidn. Ngay nhidn ap dgng phuong phdp tich cge vdo thuc ca cde phuong phdp cd dien ciing bdt huge

LfLUAN CHINH TRI-562/2013

1 1 ^ ni^M PAN GlAO DUC Vi LUAN VA P A U TRANH Ttf Tt/flNG

phii cd su tham gia heat ddng eua ngudi hpe:

su chii y, thiu hiiu vin di, ddng co hpe tip hoic trirc tiip, hoic giin tiip thiic diy vi$e hpc... Nhu viy, phuong phip diiy hpc tich a/c khdng phii li phuang phip d^iy hpe cy thi mi li mdt nguyin tic, mdt phuong hudng tiin hinh day hpc theo hudng di cap hp?t ddng lim ehu kiin duic, ky ning, fliii dd ciia ngudi hpc. Cd thi nhin biit phuong phip d?y hpe tieh cue qua nhimg die diim eo bin:

D^y hgc thing qua viic td chiic bo^t ddng cua hgc vien

Phuong phip day hpc tieh cue dua trin eo sd tim ly hpc, cho ring nhin cich ciia con ngudi dupc Mnh thinh va phit triin thdng qua eic hoat ddng chu ddng, cd y thiic. Then dd, nhiim vu eiia ngudi giang viin li ldi cudn hpc viin vie nhung boat ddng hpc tip do giing viin td chlie vi ehi dao, thdng qua dd tu khim phi nhiing dieu minh ehua biet chii khdng phii li thu ddng tiep thu nhiing tri thiie da dupre sip dat sin; tap ra cie tinh hudng di ngudi hpe tu tim cich giai quyit, qua dd, thu nhin dupe su thdng Meu, kiin thuc vi cich suy nghi cd phi phan va ed thi giii quyit vin di dit ra theo cich suy nghi cua minh. Nhu vay, hpe viin cd thi vira nim dupc kiin thiie mdi, ky ning mdi, vua nim dupc ca phuong phip

"tao ra" nhiing kien thiie, ky ning dd, vi giing viin khdng ehi don thuan eung cap tn thiic mi edn hudng din hinh ddng, "giiip cho viee hpc dupe thuin lpi, di ding".

Chii trgngren luyen phuang phip tuhgc Niu cich day truyen didng quan tim den d?y cii gi va d?y nhu flii nie thi phuong phip tich cue lai quan tim den viee ngudi hpc hpc dupe cii gi vi hpc nhu thi nap, hie li quan tim

din phuong phip tu hpc cua hpc viin. Rin luyin phuong phip tu hpe eho hpc viin khdng chi li mOt biin phip nang cao hi$u qui d^y hpc mi cdn li muc tiiu eua ho?t ddng day hpc.

Trong diiu ki$n bung nd thdng tm nhu Mf n nay, tif hpe ed nghia li biit tra eiiu thdng tin, khai thic nhiing ngin hing dii liiu, sir dung Internet di phuc vy viee hpc tip, nghiin ciiu.

Giing viin giup hpc viin phit Men kip thdi vi giii quyit hpp ly nhting vin di nay sinh ttong thuc tiin. Niu rin luyin eho ngudi hpc phuong phip, ky ning, thdi quen tu hpe, biit linh heat van diing nhiing diiu di hpc vip nhimg tmh hudng mdi, biit tu phit Men, dit ra vi giii quyit vin di gip phii trong thue tiin tM si tao eho hp long ham hpc, khoi day tiem nang vdn ed trpng mdi ngudi. Lam duprc nhu viy thi kit qui hpe tip dupe ning lin gap bdi.

Ting cudng viec hgc ci thi, phdi hop vol day hgc hgp tic

Trong kiiu day hpe thdng bio, quan hi giao tiip ehu yiu li thiy - ttd. Phuong phip dgy hpc hpp tic vin ed giao tiip giing viin - hpc viin, bin canh dd, ndi lin mdi quan hi giao tiip hpc viin - hpe vien. Thdng qua su hpp tic tim tdi nghiin eiiu, thao luin, ttanh Man ttong tip thi, y kiin cda mdi ci nhin dupc bde Id, qua dd ngudi hpe van dung dupc vdn hiiu biit, kinhngMpmciiamdiei nhin vieiiatipthede ning cao trinh dp ban than.

Kit ht^ dinb gii cda giang viin vi tt/ dinh gii cua bgc viin

Trong day hpc, viec dinh gii thue Oang hpc tip khdng ehi nhim diiu chinh boat ddng hgc tip ciia hpc vien ma edn tao diiu kiin nhan dinh thuc ttang giang day di diiu ehinh hojt ddng ciia giio viin. Viee kiem tta, dinh gii

LVLUAN CHlNH TRI-So 2/2013

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khong chi diing lai d ydu cdu tdi hidn tri thuc, ldp lai cdc ky ndng da hpc md con nhdm khuyen khich sg sdng tgo, phdt hien sg chuydn bidn thdi dg vd xu hudng hdnh vi ctia hpc vidn trudc nhung vdn dd cua cufic sdng cd nhan, gia dinh va cOng ddng, ren luyen khd ndng phdt hien vd gidi quydt cdc vdn dd ndy sinh trong cdc tinh hudng thuc td.

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gc vidn Chinh tri - Hanh chinh qufic gia Hd Chi Minh la trung tam qudc gia ddo tao, bdi duong cdn bO ldnh dao, qudn ly trung, cao cdp, cdng chtic hdnh chinh, vidn chiic qudn ly cdc don vi su nghiep vd doanh nghiep, cdn bfi khoa hpc chinh tri va hdnh chinh cua he thdng chinh tri; ddng thfii la trung tdm qudc gia nghien cuu khoa hgc ly lugn Mdc - Lenin va tu tuong Hd Chi Minh, duong ldi ctia Ddng, chinh sdch va phdp luat cua Nhd nudc, cdc khoa hpc chinh tri va khoa hpc hanh chinh. Hgc vidn tham gia hgc tap d Hpc vidn la nhiing cdn bp cd nhieu kinh nghiem trong hoat dOng thuc tifin. Se rat hiiu ich neu nguoi giang vidn quan tam sti dgng kinh nghiera ctia hgc vien, gitip hp lam sdng lai nhiing kidn thuc da cfi, nhin nhgn va ddnh gia nd d gdc do mfii thfing qua viec trang hi cho hgc vien nhiing ludn didm khoa hgc, nhiing nguydn tdc mang tinh khdi qudt.

Nhung kidn thtic nay Igi Id ca sd khoa hpc gitip hg tim ra edc phuang dn tdi uu dd gidi quyet cdc vdn dd trong thgc tidn qudn ly. Dd lam dugc viec do, gidng vien cdn cfi nhung thay ddi ttong nhdn tiuic va viec trien khai dgy hgc, bdt ddu tu vide xdc dinh mgc tieu bai hgc, chuan bi bdi vd phdi hgp sii dung cac phuang phdp va phuong tidn trong dieu kign day hgc hien c6 ctia Hgc vien.

Ddi mdi cich xic dinh muc tieu bai hoc Theo hufing phdt huy vai tro chu the tich cgc, chti dfing ctia ngudi hgc thi mgc tieu dd ra Id eho hgc vien, do hpc vien thgc hien. Gidng vien Id ngufii chi dgo, td chiic, hudng ddn, trg gitip hgc vien dat toi muc tieu dg kidn ctia bdi hgc thdng qua hoat dOng hgc tap tich cue.

Trong phuong phap dgy hgc tich cgc, gidng vien lufin lufin co y thtic tgo ra mdi quan he hgp Iy giua day kidn thuc vd ky ndng vdi day phuong phdp suy nghi va hanh dpng. Muc tieu phai xac djnh ro mtic dp hodn thdnh cdng viec ctia hgc vien, lam cdn cu de ddnh gid chdt lupng, hieu qua ctia bdi dgy hgc. Muc tieu bai hpc cdng cu the, cang sat hpp voi ydu cdu cua chuang trinh, vdi hoan canh, dieu kien dgy vd hpc thi cdng mang lgi hidu qua cao. Muc tieu dugc xdc dinh nhuvdy se la can cu dd ddnh gid kdt qua va dieu chinh boat dOng hpc, tiing budc thuc hien cac nhiem vg dd dat muc dich day hpc mpt each vitng chdc.

Ddi mdi each soan bii

Sogn bdi chinb la sg chudn bi cho cong viec dgy hpc ctia ngudi giang vien, gitip giang vien chu dOng trong qud trinh day bpc. Trong day hpc tich cue, cd the cfi nhidu tinh hudng bat ngd xay ra trong qud trinh giao tiep giua gidng vien vd hgc vien, nen sg chuan hi ctia giang vien ddi vfii khdu sogn bdi cdng trd nen quan trpng.

Sogn gido an theo phuong phdp dgy hpc tich cue phai chti y ddn vide thgc hien mgc tieu dgy hgc (hufing vd hogt dgng ctia hgc vien).

Cdn cti vdo mgc tieu day hgc md gidng vien xdc dinh cdc nOi dung cho phii hgp. NOi dung dgy hpc phai phu kin muc tieu hpc tap, hudng vdo cdc ngi dung ma hpc vien pha i biet va cdn bidt.

LY LUAN CHiNHTR!-So 2/2013

13 "1^"

BAN GlAO DUC Lf LUAN VA OAU TRANH Tl/TUdNG Ddng thdi, bai soan phii Iudng trudc dupe eic

hpgt dpng cOa hpc viin se diin ra theo hudng ca nhin, nhdm hay loan ldp. Giing viin cin phii suy nghi edng phu vi khi ning diin biin cic boat dpng ciia hpc viin di trin eo sd dd dir kiin cie giii phip. Di td chiic boat dpng hpc tip ciia hpc viin, giing viin cd thi sii dung cie phiiu giap viec. Mdi phiiu li mdt sd cic nhiim vu beat ddng eu thi, yeu ciu hpc viin tiin hinh thep nhdm (hoic ci nhin) di dat dupc nhung kiin thiic, ky ning va thii dd nhit dinh.

Diiu quan trpng li qua cic phiiu giao viee niy, boat ddng dde lap eiia hpc viin dupe thue hipn, qua dd hinh thinh vi phit triin eae ky ning quan sit, tu duy giai quyit cae vin di... Bin eanh dd, de td ehiie, dinh hudng, diiu khiin boat ddng, giang viin can ehu trpng vio viee soan ra cic cau hdi de nim dupc tinh hinh hpat dpng ciia hpc viin. Mdi bii hpc can ed mdt sd ciu hdi tiien ehdt, tap trung vio eic ndi dung trpng tim, trin co sd dp, khi lin ldp cd the phit triin thim nhimg eiu hdi tuy theo dien biin cda budi hpc.

Khai thic cic yiu to tich cue, khic phuc cac mat ban chi ciia phuang phip day hgc truyin thing.

Phuong phap giang day truyin thdng ed nhiing uu diim nhat dinh. Vi viy, ngudi giing viin ein phii phit huy dupc nhiing uu diim duoc kit tinh trpng phupng phip day hpe truyin thdng.

Tuy nhiin, trong dieu kien ngiy nay, phuong phip day hpc Uiiyen Uidng di bde Id nhiing han chi, bat cap. Nhupc diim co ban eua phuong phip niy la ngudi hpc d vio thi diu ddng ttong viic tiip tiiu nhung gi mi giing vien truyin dat; tinh tieh cue, ehu ddng sing

tao eiia ngudi hpe khdng dup'c phat huy. Vi viy, cd thi khic phuc nhupc diim niy bing cich: ting tinh ehii ddng ciia hpe viin trong hpe tip: dit ra eic ciu hdi eho hpc viin suy nghl vi tir dl din kit luin; ting cudng vin dung kiin thiic vio thuc tiin; ting cudng cdng tic thirc ti, thuc hinh. Cin luu y ring, khi phuong phip day hpc truyin thdng giiivi tri ddc tdn thi su eii tiin vi khic phuc nd chi la eic biin phip li loi, don dpc. Vi viy, phii ddi mdi phuong phip day hpe mpt each triit di thep hudng ap dung eic phuong phip tich cue vio boat ddng day hpc.

Khai thic tdi da cic phuong tien vi diiu kiin day bgc hiin cd cua Hgc vign vio dayhgc.

Mudn phit huy vai ttd chu the ti'ch cue, ehu ddng cua ngudi hpc thi viic lua chpn vin di giing day va lua chpn cich tiuie, phuong tiin giup hpe viin giii quyit vin di cung cin dupc die biit quan tim. Tuy nhiin, de lim dupc viee niy can su gia cdng su pham cdng phu eiia giing viin, hon niia diiu dd cdn php thude vio eic diiu kiin khic mi gling viin khdng hpin toin ehu ddng dupe nhtr diiu kien vi chat lupng cua cie phuong tiin Men cd; su hudng ling cua hpc viin vdi each thay ddi phuong thiie lim viic tren ldp mi giang viin dua ra.

Dgy hpe thep hudng phit huy tmh ti'ch ciic cua hpe viin li mpt phuong phip day hpc rit phu hpp vdi eic co sd dio tao hpc viin li nhimg cin bd di ed thue tiin cdng tic vi kmh nghiem phong phu. Tuy nMin, phuong phip nay cM dat kit qui cae kM ngudi giing viin tdn trpng vi tap diiu kiin de hpe viin thi Min j kien ciia minh, duy tri bin viing su hpp tic vdi hpc viin trpng boat ddng day - hpcD

LVLUAN CHlNH TRj-So 2/2013