Hoi Pia ly va T^i nguyan Mfii truong Thiia HiiCn Hue Hyi p i k H r y i £ l J \ a m
D I khoa hoc cong nghe bi§n t h y c s y tro* thanh dong ILPC phat trien cac ITnh v i r c lien quan d§n bien
LeDucTtV A b s t r a c t
Striving for marine sciences and technologies have become deMlopmcnt moti\ation of related fields J 'letnain has more than 3260 km oj the coast line Irom the Xorih tu the South Furihermore. Hast Sea is known as one of typical centers of biodiversity in the woihl Striving for Vietnam has became developed country with marine economic Ls one oJ main disciplines' we need lo promote all marine potentials Therefore. Marine sciences and technologies are playing an imporlanl role jor development uf related fields. As follow this line, the Program KC ~ 09/06 -10 is concentrated on 'ip;i\"ig marine forecasting technologies. In the papei. we show 2 tipical results of the Program
- Process of shoiteim forecasting of marine meteorological, field of marine dynamic factors, field oj marine hydrological factoi s
- Process of Tuna Fi.sh fisheries Juretasung in offshore regions of the Central I'tetmmi
Such processes are modern technologies which are applying successful in Vietnam fur indiistilalizattoii and modernization of marine economic sector
The ky XXI dirac eac nha chien tirgc .xem la "the ky ciia dai d u a n g " bdi ciing \ d i loc do lang trudng kinh te va dan so hien nay. nguon lai ngu\'en thien nhicn Ircn dat Hen dang can kicl. mdi trudng va cac he sinh thai dang ngiij cang suy thoai. Bien va dai duong la lanh tho xanh dam bao cho su phon vinh ciia nhan loai, dac biet la cac qudc gia cd bien, trong do co Vicl N a m . Trong bdi canh do. cac cudng quoc bicn dang co ke hoach vuan ra bien. khai thac lai nguyen tii bien va khdng che bien, ddng thdi khong qucn bao tcjn lai nguyen ciia minh tren dat lien va vimg bicn chii quv'cn Su hgp lac qudc le ve bicn cung dang khong ngirng dugc md rgng. Trong do, Cdng ude ciia Lien Hiep Quoc vc Luat bicn nam 1982 da ra ddi nhu mot ban hien chuong \e bicn ciia cgng ddng qudc tc, da dam biio an ninh va cong bang giira cae qudc gia tren the gidi.
Viet Nam la mot qudc gia Idn ven Bicn Ddng cd dicn tich viing bicn dac quyen kinh tc rdng tren mgi Irieu km", dudng bd bicn dai khoang 3260 km, chay theo chicu dai dat nude lii Igi the nhu cira ngo Idn giao liru vdi cac nude trong khu virc va the gidi. Nam trong vimg khi hau nhiet ddi, bicn Vict Nam la mot trong nhung trung tam da dang sinh hgc quan trgng nhat ciia the gidi, ngudn lai bicn phong phii.
dam bao dinh duang cho cdng dong dan cu ven bicn khoang 1/3 dan s6 ca nude. Cac lai nguyen bicn khac rSt da dang, irudc het lai nguyen dau khi da la ngudn ddng lgc phat trien kinh ttj dai nude, cac tuyen duimg hang hai va hang khdng hu\6t mach \uycn qua Bien Dong da tao dieu kicn thuan Igi cho nude la viran ra the gidi, nang cao gia tn vj the dja - kinh tc, dia - chinh tri ciia Vict Nam, ddng thdi ciing dat ra nhirng thach thirc d khu vuc.
Nhan thuc dugc vi tri chi£n luge ciia Bicn Ddng ddi vdi phat trien KT-XH. ANQP va moi truimg song. Dang va Nha nude tada cd chii truang, chinh sach vc bicn. Nam 1997. chi thi ciiaTW vc day manh phal iriOn kinh td bi^n theo hudng CNH. HDH. Trong dd da nhan manh phal hii\ mgi tiem lire va Igi the ciia vimg biOn ciing vdi ca nude xay dung Vicl Nam trd thanh mot nude manh vc kinh lc
' Dai Iwc Quae Gut lla Mpi
DIALYBIF.N VAHAI DAO Vlfil'NAM
Iliii Oja l\ va Tai nguven Moi truo^ng Tliua ThiOii lluC Hoi Dia l> Viet Nam
bicn... Nam 2007. Trung uang Dang da ban hanh chicn luge biOn Vii-i Nam den niim 2020. ihco do muc lieu dat ra hi N'li'i Nam phfm diiu trd thanh qudc gia manh ve b i f n . lam giau lir bi6n. phal hu\ moi tiOm nang lir bien. giSp phan quan trgng irong sir nghiep C N H . H D I I d^t nude Chicn luge cimg dii xac dnih phal tncn kinh lc bicn hieu qua va bi;n viing, trong dd phat tridn kinh tc vdi su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thicn nhien va mdi ituiing.
Trong ciing cudc \ a \ dung, phat trien kinh li) - xii hgi. thuc hicn cdng nghiep hda, hien dai liiia dat nude, cung nhu irong thuc hicn chicn luge bitJn, khoa hgc cdng nghe lu6n dirge coi la dgng lire v;!
ncn lang cua su phat trien. Lii can cd quan trong dc khoa hgc, cdng nghe bicn dinh hudng cho mgi dt xuiit ciic nhiem vu, ndi dung nghicn ciru cii he thong cac chuang trinh khoa hgc cdng nghe bicn Irons;
30 niiin giin diiy \ i i cii irong giai doan tdi. Cach licp can sinh thai \ a he ihdng trong nghien ciru. kliai ihac bii'n la each lam khoa hgc dam bao sir phal trien ben vung tai nguyen va nidi irudng bicn, trong dd. khoa hgc, cdng nghe bien thuc su lii dgng lire phiil trien cac ITnh vuc lien quan den bicn.
Nhin lai 20 nam hgi nhap va phat trien, kinh te bicn da co nhu'ng khdi sac. Quy md kinh te bi6ii
\<i \img \cn hien ngii\ ciing liing. co' can nganh nghe co su chuyen djch. .xuiit hitJn ciic nganh kinh lc mill, nhu khai thac \ . i che bit;n dau khi, danh bat ca xa hd \ a N T F S , hang hai va dich vu hang hai va du lich bicn dao. dong ihdi da bat dau hinh thanh cite trung tam kinh lc Idn ven bicn nhir Ha Lonj;, Chan May - Da Naiig. Dung Qual. Nha Trang, Vung Tau va mot sd viing kmh le dao nhu Phu Qiiiie.
Cii Lao Cham - I \ Son, v v
Diing sail nhfliig con sd phal trien GDP cung bgc Id nhung han ch6 va he Itiy \i tai nguyen Ihicn nhicn mdi irutTng sinh thai do thieu hieu bici vc khoa hgc bicn. Chua nhan ihirc day dii vc giii tri lai ngiivcn \ ! i mdi trudng bien. dan den thieu co sd khoa hgc cho cdng tac quy hoach phiit tri£'n kinh le bien. con mang tinh l u phat. cdng nghe img dung trong khai thac l i l m nang h\in lac hau. hang hoa
\iiai khau duirc lao ra la san pham ihd. ham lugng khoa hgc ihdp, khdng cd sire canh iranh tren thj iruimg quoc tc. Quy md kinh te bicn cdn nhd be chira luong xirng vdi tiem nang. so vdi ciic nude a klui vuc con thua kem vc nhieu mat. Trinh do khoa hgc ky thuat ciia cac nganh kinh li cdn rat th^p Lay vi du. nganh khai thac hai san chii yeu theo kinh nghiem truyen thong, chua cd cdng nghe du bao ngu truimg khai thac, chua cd cac ddi tau khai thac cong suat Idn dugc trang bi hien dai dh cd the bam bicn dai ngay, cd kha nang chin dirng dugc mgi dieu kicn thdi t ct Nganh nuoi trong hai san mang linh Ihii cdng, lay gidng t u nhien, thirc an cung t u tao d quy md hd gia dinh, thi trudng Tieu Ihii la "chg ca". Ro rang, thieu quy trinh cong nghe nudi trong hai san lien tien, quy md cdng nghiep. tir khau chi dgng smh san, iram nudi 5ii triing. ca con den do luoi phal trien cho nuoi cdng nghiep. kiem soal djch benh den khau che bicn xual khau mang thuong hieu Vict Nam
Mot vi du khac ve sinh thai va indi trudng bi6n CSn cd nhan ihirc mot each khoa hgc v5 moi quan he lirang lac eac he sinh thai bicn va moi irudng bicn. iVloi irudng bi^n la mgi the thong nh^t trong dd tdn tai ya phal trien cac he sinh thai (HST) b i i n chu yh nhu HST riing ngap man (RNM)' HST tham cd bien, va HST ran san hd la nhirng cai ndi sinh san va nudi duong cac loai sinh vat thtiy sinh trong bien. Cac HST bicn nay cd nhung chuc nang t u nhien rieng, nhung cimg thuc hien mdt chu trinh chuyen hda vat chat, t u quy md nhd den quy mo Idn tir san sinh ra cac cli4t dmh dudng hiJu cu den san xuat cac ihirc an cho sinh vat bien nhu phytoplanton, zooplanton va t u dd cac loai sinh vat bien den lugl minh se lam moi cho cac sinh vai Idn han nhu cac loai ca va hai san khac Rd rane cac HST bicn vira la cd may tinh vi lgc cac chat thai trong nude b i i n , vira san sinh ra cac chSt dinh dudng huu ca de lao ra nang suat smh hgc ban dau lam thirc an nudi dudng t h i gidi sinh vat b i i n lir 5u triinc den cac loai smh y?t bien bac cao han nhu ca. Neu khac di, tire con ngudi pha v d eac mm xich ciia day chuyen san xuat thuc an t u nhien trong moi trudng bien se lam suy thoai cac HST va lam mk di n^iilii Igi smh vai bien quy gia. Tuong tu nhu vay, neu mdi trirdng nude b i i n bi 6 n h i l m cac 11ST b i i n se bi huy diel. cung se nhan mgt hau qua tuang l u . Cac HST b i i n thugc vimg b i i n ven'bd va hai dao dugc
^' //<!' nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qudc Idn thir 6: Thdnh plunuiToMi
Hpi Dja l> va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thii^ Thicn Hui- Hui Dia Iv Viet N.un
.\cm la vimg bicn quan trgng nhat. nhay cam nhat \ c mdi trirdng. cd \' nghT chien luge ddi voi sir nghiep phal i r i l n ciia dat nude, trong do cac HSl" R N M . I I S l ihiim cd bien. HST ran san hd co vai trd quan trgng dam bao sir phat trien ben virng tai nguyen. mdi trudng - sinh Ihiii.
Lien quan den khai Ihac ben vung ngudn Igi bien co Ihe dan ra mgt kcl qua nghien ciru khoa hgc ciia GS. Phan Nguyen I long vc giii trj sinh thai R \ \ 1
Rirng ngap man lii IIS1~ dien hinh ciia vimg bicn nhiet ddi gid miia nhu V i c l Nam. RNM pliiil triin tren viing dat ngap nude ven bicn. cira sdng, chiu lac ddng ciia tluiy tricu va song bicn MSI RNM Ihich nghi vdi nioi trirdng chuyen tiep bien - dat lien \ a eac yeu id khi hau. Ihuy viin tuong img.
CO tinh da dang sinh hgc va nang suat sinh hoc cao nhat. HST R N M dugc xem nhu mgt hire tuiing lu nhicn bao vc bd bicn, dieu hoa khi hau va la cai ndi sinh san va nuoi dirdng ngudn Igi hiii s;in cua \ img biiin \cn bd. Kcl qua nghicn ciru cua nhieu lac gia da khang dinh HST R N M co nang suiit sinh hgc cao nhiit. dac biet la nguon lai hai san Udc tinh nang suat tren mdi ha hang nam cho 9] kg thu.v -san Neu tinh cac loai liai san diiiih bat dugc d vimg ven bien. ciia song eo RNM hoac li'-'H quan \ 6 i RNM Ihi sail lugng co the len tdi 926.000 tan, tuang duong 1 % tdng san lugng ca danh bill hang mim ircn the gidi. Nang suiit sinh hoc cao ciia HST R N M ed lien quan den su lich tu cite ciuil '(rC' fkroiig lir hic dia do song tai ra, do ihiiy trieu lir bicn dua vao va t d cac chat mim ba phan luiy tir ih-'nr riing iigiip mriii 0 Australia, ngudi ta da danh giii dugc 67% cac loai hai san cd gia Irj kmh tc di;u phii lluigc viio I IS!"
RNM cira song. Nguon thuc an dau lien phong phii vii da dang dugc cung cap cho ciic loai lluiv' s;in lii chiit liii'u CO thuc viil, la san pham ciia qua trinh phan hiiy la, canh, chdi, re ciia ciic loiii ciiy RNM, Lugng lii RNM roi hang niim co i h l dat d i n 10,000 - 14.000 kg kho/ha mim 6 i'lorida. o' R N M Cii Mail la 9,720 kg/ha/nani (P N Hong 1984). La KNM ro1 xuong kenh racli vii dudi liin limg. dtror midc tricu mang di, qua Irinh phan hiiy dien ra lien luc quanh niim. Trong quii Irinh niiy con co liic dgng cua Ciic loai nam sdng tren la liim cho Iirgng dam tang 2-3 lan so vdi ban dau Ben canh vi sinh v;ii. niiin con CO cac loai giun irdn ciing tham gia tich cue trong qua Irinh phan hiiy lam giau Iirgng dam dinh dudng trong cac chat miin cOa HST Cac nha khoa hgc M> da chimg minh diing niing luong \ i i chudi ihirc iin Irong R N M cd mdi quan he rang huge giira cay R N M va nang suat thiiy san. Den linn minh.
Ciic loiii dgng vat an mini ba ihu'c \ a l phan hiiy sc lam miii cho nhirng loai dgng viil bac cao han - cac loiii ca kinh lc. chim, lai ca, con ngudi.
He sinh thai RNM cdn la nai cu i n i , nudi duong con non ciia nhicu loai hai san co giii trj, nhu li)m he, idm cang xanh. cd the xem HST R N M nhu vudn uoin cho su sdng cua hien Trong vong diri ciia nhicu loai. torn, ca, cd mgt hoac nhieu giai doan bat huge phai song trong vimg nude cua song co RNM. Vdi vai tro vira la noi bao ve. nudi dudng con non. con gidng, vira cung ciip Ihirc an. hO smh Ihai RNM ddng vai trd cue ky quan trgng dam bao nang suat, san lugng ngudn Igi hiii san vimg nude cua si>ng ven b i i n . Ngoai san Iirgng torn, ca. R N M con cung cap ngudn giong cho nghe nuoi hai san.
nlur nuoi sd, ca dia cd gia irj kinh te cao.
Nhu viiy. vice bao ton ciic he sinh thai R N M khiing phai chi dc khai thiic lam san, ma chinh lii dc duy tri \ a nang cao nang suat nudi trdng, danh bat hai san, bao vc linh da dang sinh hoe. bao vc hd bien. Vice bao ve va phal t r i i n R N M > t cac he sinh thai bien khac (he sinh thiii tham co bien. he smh thai ran san hd) la each t i l p can sinh thai ben vung nhat, khoa hoc nhat.
Trong cong ciioc xay dung, phiit trien kinh tc - xa hgi, thuc hicn cong nghiep hda. hien din hda dai nude, ciing nhu thuc hicn c h i l n luge b i i n , khoa hgc cdng nghe luon dugc coi la ddng lire, ncn lang ciia su phal Irien, Irong dd khoa hgc cdng nghe bicn thuc sir trd thanh ddng lire phal Irien cac Ihih \ uc hen quan d i n b i i n . chimg tdi trich dan mgt sd ket qua nghien ciru tieu bicu ciia chuang trinh K I I C N bien KC - 09/ 06 - 10 ininh chirnti cho nhan thuc ndi tren.
DIA LY 15U:N VA HAI DAO VILT NAM
Hfii Djd IS \ii Tai nguvcn Miii truong Thiia ThiCn i l u Hoi Dni^lv Viel Nani
Quy trinh cdng nghe dir bdo khi tugng thuy van yd ddng lice bicn han ngdn phuc vii phat Irien kinh le bien vd an ninh quae phdiig cua PGS IS. .Xguyen .\hnh Hiiun
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ng^n dam biio an loan cho ciic hoat dgng kmh l l . quiic phong ircn bien \.i cung c i p ihdng tin. dir lieu cho cac hiii loiin du hiio bicn khac cd lien quan liin kicni cuu nan, lan lru\cn 6 nhiem.
lurdc dang lii niiicm vu cap ihiel, De tai KC 09 - 16/06-10 do Nguvcn Minh lliiiin chii tri da hoiiii linen \ a dc
\uiil diroe mgt qu> irinh cdng nghe du biio han ngan triuTng ciic \ c i i to K i' hicn (nhiii dg \ ; i lip suat khi quyC-n.
mira. gin), truimg ciic yen to ddng luc biOn (.sdng. di>ng chay, nude diing) \;i liiidng cac yen to tluiy van bien (nhiel do, do iiiiioi nuo'j bicn) (hinh 1) Qu) trinh dugc trien khai ui ddng lien hoim Iicn lie iliong bo niiiv linh song .song
\.i he ihimg hru trir ihiing tin kCi hop
\ o i cac md hinh so iri hien diii du biio thai n i l khu MIC ( I I R M . M M S . W K I . KA^1S) Cling e.ic md hinh sii du hiio IV bicn(MDr.C 3D. R O M ) \ i i L a c mii hinh so du biio >-diig lurdc siiii. sony nude nong ( \ V \ \ L ^ \ V \ \ ' 3 . S W . W l .
\ V . \ ! M - ; D ) \ d i do chinh xac can Ihiel
diim bao an loim cac hoal ddng K I .QP tren cac \ i i n g bii;n Vict Nan .
Dii> cimg 111 quy Uinh cdng nglie dtr bao bicn dan lien d V i c l Nam diip img )'cu ciiu du biio nghiep \ u Hicn tai. llidng tin du bao khi tugng thiiy van va dgng luc bicn dugc pliiil bao hang ngay tren mang Intcrnci dia chi w w w . d u b a o b i c n - V n cimg vdi vice cung cap sd lieu du biio. He thdng dir bao l u ddng nay da tiep can cdng nghe lien lien ciia the gidi, lao ca sd khoa hoc cho phiit trien nghicn ciru img dung da muc lieu. Do cac hoal dgng hang hiii, danh bat hai san kicni soiit bien, luon phu thugc
\ lio Ciic thong lin dir biio K T T V bicn. Kcl quii nghicn ciru ciia Nguyen M i n h I liiiin da dam biu) day d i
\ i i k i p l h d i Ciic ihdng lin dubao.
Quy Irinh cdng nghe du bdo ngir trmmg phuc vu khai thdc hai sdn xa hd cita PCS TS Docm Vdn Bd
Nhu ciiu ngay cang cao Irong khai thac xa bd \ : eac thdng lin cap nhat v l ngu trudng va du biio cac khu vuc tap irung dan ea khai Ihac Ircn ngu truimg, dap irng yen cau d i l u hanh ihdi gian khai thiic vii cong nghe khai ihac hap ly. tiet kicni chi phi va liieu qua kinh te cao. Thuc su lii thiich thirc ddi voi khoa hgc nghe ca, ciing la triin trd ciia nhirng nha khoa hgc va quan ly trong cac ITnh vuc lien quan den khoa hoc bien,
Cac ket cjua nghien ciru irng dung md hinh du bao ngu iruong khai ihac xa bd da dirge nghicn ciru va phat Irien theo dinh hudng ticp can moi quan he "ngu trudng-sinh hgc-indi i r u d n g " . da "5n k i t
Ifiiih 1 lie ihdng nghiep 1 // lien huau du bdo han
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qudc Idn thir 6. Thdnh phd Hui. 9/2012
Hoi Dja ty va Tai nguyen IMOi iruiing Thiia Thien Hue Hoi Dill l> Viil Niiiii
mgt each logic va cd ca sd khoa hgc cac mdi quan he giua ngu Irudng \ 6 i ciic diic trung sinh hoc. smh thai cua ciic ddi lugng cii khai thac va cac ciiu tnic vira va nhd ciia cac yeu lo moi irudng bicn co' ban.
Ket qua du bao va tinh loan cac dac trung can tnic ciia cac Irirdng thiiy van bicn v;i cac ylii Id sinh hoc biin da dugc ung dgng co hieu qua, cung cap cae dir lieu dSu vao cho mo hinh dir bao ngu truimg (hinh 2). Mo hinh va quy trinh cdng nghe d u bao ngu trudng xa b d cho Ciie n g h i cau vang. ludi re vii ludi vay vdi cac ddi tugng khai thac ca ngir dai duong d vimg bien xa bd miln rrung va giua Bicn Dong da Iirng budc dugc hoim thien \ a d u o c kiem chimg ihue t l dat k i t quii lot. Cac b;in d^r bao ngu trirdng xa bd da cung cap thong tin hmi ich cho ngu diin cac linh Binh Dinh. Phti Yen. Khanh 116a Mi ca sd khoa hoc lin cay cho cong lac quan ly nghe ca, lap ke hoach chii dgng khai Ihac hai siiii xa bo theo miia vu. Diiy la mo hinh va quy trinh du bao ngu tririing xa bd lien tiin nhiit d Vict Nam cho din thdi diem hien tai
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Ciic nhii quan ly. hoach dnih chinh siich cd du c a sd dc quy hoach phiil trien nghe khiii ihiic ca ngir xa bd, va cd ihc lap ciir d u an hicn dai hoa. cong nghiep hda nghe ca. Thdi gian khai thac - San lugng khai Ihiic - d i e loai ngu cu khai thiic hieu quii - Thi trirdng ticu thu siin phiim.
V V Ben canh nhung tliiinh luu khoa hgc da dat dirge, de Kl l&CN bien thuc su ird thanh dgng luc phat iricn cac ITnh vuc lien quan den bien cdn nhieu thiich Ihirc.
Ilhih 2 • Sa dd ' He thdng ihdng tin dir bdo ngir trudng khai thdc .xa bd"
Nhan ihiic \ c vai tro, vi tri cua bicn ddi vdi sir ngliicp biio vc lo quoc, phal trien ben vung lai ngu)en, moi trudng bien ciia eac cap, cac nganh va ciic dja phuong con chira day dii, chira chuan bj dilu kicn d l viron ra bien xa, dc manh len, giau len lu bien.
C a sd ha tang d vimg ven bien, hai dao cdn yeu kem manh mun chua dii tam irng phd vdi moi linh huong xay ra ciia thien tai, Cac phuo'ng lien, cac thiet bj nghien ciru bien va cac c a sd dao lao ngulm nhan luc cdn chua dugc dau t u thich dang. Cac phuong ihirc quan ly bicn lien tien con cham, chua duac nghicn ciru ap dung vao thuc lien, nlur quan ly tdng hgp ddi bd, quan ly khong gian bicn.
Moi trudng bien ven bd dang bien doi iheo chieu hudng xau ngay cang ro net, hien luong Ihiiy trieu dd xuat hien t h u d n g xuyen hon va quy md cang Idn han. Viec khai thac sa khoang ven bicn Irai phep khdng d u g c quan ly, hau qua la nhieu canh quan sinh thai ven bien bj pha vd.
Da dang sinh hgc bicn va ngudn Igi thiiy san dang giam sut. Cac he sinh thai bien chii yeu. nhu rimg ngap man, tham cd bien va cac ran san hd dang bi suy thoai nghiem trgng. Cac dim cii \ c n bicn cd xu hudng di cu ra .xa ho'n do mat noi c u Irii Nhicu loai sinh vat bicn dang bi de dga luyel cluing, trong do da cd tren 100 loai d u g c dua vao sach dd Viet Nam.
Theo nhan xet ciia cac nha khoa hgc, khoa hoe va cdng nghe bien ciia Vict Nam lau hau klui xa so vdi cac nude phat irien Irt-n the gidi va khu vuc.
DIA LY BIEN VA HAI DAO VIET NAM
