Nshien ciru, Phdt trien va 6ns duns Cons nshi Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10)- Hd Noi 27/11/2009
T H U N G H I E M B O M EP HON HOP CHAT HOAT DONG BE M A T v O l PHU GIA POLYME A N 125 TREN M O N G M O DONG N A M RONG VA DANH GIA H I E U QUA
K I N H T E - K Y T H U A T
Le Kim Hung1, Nguyln Minh Toan2, Le Dinh Lang2, Pham Duy Khanh1 va Nguyln Phuong Tung1
1 Vien Khoa hoc Vat lieu Ung dung,
1 Mac Dinh Chi, Quan 1, Tp. Hd CM Minh, Viet Nam
Tel: (08) 3 823 7927, Fax: (08) 3 823 6073, email: [email protected] Vien nghien cuu khoa hoc va thiet ke, X N L D "Vietsovpetro"
105 Le Loi, Vung Tau, Viet Nam
Tom tat. Bdi bao trinh bay nghien cuu nang cao hieu qua day dau khi bom ep hon hop chdt
hoat dong be mat (HDBM) vdi phu gia polyme AN125 a dieu kien mong mo Dong Nam Rdng (DNR) tren mo hinh via. Ben canh kit qua thu nghiem tren mdu loi, hieu qua gia tdng he so thu hoi dau con dugc danh gid tren mo hinh thuy dong luc hoc cdc dieu kien khai thdc ciia cd he thong mo tren co so tinh toan dua tren phan mem md phong bang may tinh. Ket qua day dau tren mdu loi cua 5 thi nghiem cd gid tri tdng trung binh la 6,9% vdi thi tich nut hdn hop chdt HDBM (polyme) la 0.15 PV d nong do 1000 ppm. Kit qua gia tdng he so thu hdi dau tren md hinh thiry ddng luc hoc tinh toan tren may tinh khi bom ep nut hdn hop HDBM IAMS- M2-P Id 3.4%. Vdi kit qua md phong nay, hieu qua kinh ti - ky thudt dp dung cong nghi bom ep nut dung dich HDBM IAMS-M2-P dugc tinh cho 3 phuong an vdi khoang thdi gian bom keo ddi khac nhau diu cho thdy hieu qua kinh ti mang lai rat khd thi. Day la co sd di xay dung ki hoach thir nghiem cong nghiep trong thdi gian sap tdi.
I. GIOl THIEU
Nang cao he sd thu hdi dau la muc tieu quan trong trong cong tac dilu hanh quan ly md
nham khai thac tai nguyen dau khi hieu qua va ben vung. Qua trinh nay dac biet quan trong khi san luong dau khi tai cac md da chuyen sang giai doan sut giam sau thdi gian khai thac thu cap tuc la da bom ep khi hoac nude vao via nham duy tri ap suat via. Hieu qua ciia qua trinh day dau bang nude se sut giam khi sue cang be mat giua hai pha dau-nudc ldn, ty sd dd linh ddng nudc-dau cao, dac biet khi da dinh udt diu va dau cd do nhdt cao, chua nhilu nhua, paraphin va asphanten.
Trong cac phuong phap tac ddng ly hoa nham nang cao he sd day diu [1], d i tai nay di sau vao nghien cuu cac chat HDBM va phuong phap bom ep chiing vao via d l nang cao hieu suat day dau nhd cac ca chi tac ddng ciia chat HDBM: giam sue cang b i mat (SCBM) giua hai pha dau-nudc xudng gia tri rat thap, cai thien tinh dinh udt ciia da ddi vdi nude...
Trong thuc t l , nhilu loai diu thd cd ham luong nhua va asphanten cao din din cd do nhdt cao (khoang 2 cP d 91°C ddi vdi diu mong DNR). Ngugc lai, nude bom ep cd do nhdt r i t thip (0.38 cP d 91°C) nen ty sd linh ddng giua nude va diu qua ldn (khoang 5 lin) din din hieu qua diy diu khong cao. D l cd thi giam SCBM giua hai pha diu va nude nham tang hieu qua day dau, ding thdi tang he sd quet, ngudi ta ap dung phuang phap bom chit HDBM va polyme (SP). Bom ep SP la phuang phap hua hen dem lai hieu qua cao khi ma kha nang thu hdi dau cd the len den 70% luong diu du con lai trong via sau qua trinh khai thac thu cip.
Trong hdn hop he HDBM-Polyme cd hai vung cd kha nang lam cho SCBM giam dd la vung ndng dd chat HDBM thap (0.1-0.2%) va vung ndng do chit HDBM cao (2-10%) [2] 0 vung ndng do chat HDBM thap la vung cd ndng do chat HDBM nam gin vdi ndng do mixen tdi han (CMC). Ben canh do, lugng chat HDBM di chuyin tir pha nude din pha diu ciing anh hudng tdi qua trinh giam SCBM. 0 vung ndng dd cao thi pha vi nhu tuong d trong chit long
Nghien ciru. Phdt triin vd tingd u m C d m n s M V d t M u <KC-02/06-]°)- M Noi 27/11/2009
se hinh thanh ciing voi sir tdi han ciia dau va nude bien.
Nhu vay, ap dung phuong phap nay cd the thu dugc hieu qua day dau cao tuy nhien can mot lugng ldn polyme phii hop va giua hai nhdm hda phim nay phai cd sir tuong hgp tdt.
Dieu nay din den chi phi se rit cao do polyme rat dat va thudng rat tdn kem de lua chon mot loai polyme tuong hop tdt vdi chat HDBM su dung cho cac via cd nhiet do cao, dd mudi va do cirng cao. [3-4]
Mot sd nam gin day, mot sd nha nghien cuu da de xuat dua mot lugng nhd polyme phu hop vao dung djch HDBM de bom ep. Khi dugc trdn l l n va bom ep vao via, giua chat HDBM va polyme cd the xuat hien hieu img hgp troi cd kha nang gia tang cac uu viet ciia ca hai thanh phin chit HDBM va polymer. Trong qua trinh dich chuyin trong via, polyme va chit HDBM se tdn tai trong cac pha rieng biet, polyme se bi bly lai tai nhung ddi cd do thim cao con chat HDBM hap phu va tuong tac tren be mat giua diu va nude. Nhu vay, ben canh kha nang bao tdn cac ca che tac ddng ciia chat HDBM, dd nhdt ciia dung dich bom ep ciing dugc cai thien, dan den cai thien he sd quet va ket qua la gia tang them luong diu thu hoi duac.[5- 6],
Trong cong trinh nay, chiing tdi da nghien cuu danh gia hieu qua thu hdi diu khi bom ep hdn hgp chat HDBM da dugc tdi uu hoa [ 7] va polyme tren md hinh m l u loi va tren md hinh thuy ddng lire hoc ciia via md phong bang may tinh.
n. THUC NGHIEM Hda chdt
• IAMS-M2: he chat hoat ddng be mat da dugc tdi uu hoa;
• Polyme AN125, SNF, Phap;
• Nude bien vung md DNR;
• D i u thd DNR phuc hdi dd nhdt (80% diu thd GK201-RC2 + 20% dlu hda), do nhdt cua dlu d 91°C la 2,307cp.
Thiet bi
• Thiet bi do SCBM theo phuang phap giot quay, model 500, (Temco, USA);
• Thilt bj do dd nhdt Brookfield DV-DI Ultra, My
• Cac binh thuy tinh chju nhiet va chju ap (ACE Glass, My)
• Tu dieu nhiet (Shellox, My).
Khao sat cdc he IAMS - M2 vdi phu gia cai thien dp nhdt AN 125 theo cdc ndng dp khac nhau
He chat HDBM IAMS-M2 dugc phoi trdn vdi polyme AN 125 d cac ndng dd khac nhau trong nude bien va dugc u trong cac ampul thiiy tinh chiu nhiet trong sudt 31 ngay. Danh gia tinh tuong hop, do ben nhiet ciia cac he mlu thong qua quan sat ngoai quan, do SCBM va do dd nhdt ciia he trong sudt qua trinh li nhiet.
Danh gid hieu qua tren mo hinh thiiy dpng luc hoc
Day la md hinh dugc xay dung tren ca sd md hinh dia chit than dlu mong va vi vay thi hien cac dieu kien dja chat-vat ly via ciia mong gin vdi thuc t l han ca. Md hinh da dugc sir dung phuc hdi lich sir khai thac va du bao cac chi sd cong nghe khai thac ciia doi tuong trong thdi gian thuc hien "Chinh xac hda sa dd cong nghe khai thac va xay dung ting mong khu vuc Ddng nam md Rdng" nam 2009.
Nshien ciru. Phdt trien va tins duns Cons nshe Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10)- Hd Noi 27/11/2009
Theo tfnh toan, the ti'ch dung djch chat HDBM bom vao via phai chilm 15% thd tich rdng chua dlu cua than diu. Tren md hinh dieu nay khong thuc hien dugc vdi nguyen nhan don gian la the tich via qua ldn va luu lugng bom cua cac gieng bom bi han chi.
D l giai bai toan ta thuc hien bom dung dich chat HDBM theo 5 phuong an khac nhau:
bom trong 3 thang, 6 thang, 1 nam, 1,5 nam va 2 nam. Sau khi bom xong dung dich H D B M tilp tuc bom ep bang nude thudng cho tdi het thoi ky khai thac. Tdng san luong dau thu hdi theo cac phuong an bom chat HDBM so vdi tong san lugng diu thu hdi khi bom nude thudng khong cd chat HDBM.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Khao sat cdc he IAMS - M2 vdi Phu gia cai thien dp nhdt AN125 theo cdc ndng dp khac nhau
Tren ca sd ket qua khao sat tinh tuong hgp, do ben nhiet ciia mot sd phu gia polyme chm nhiet do cao da dugc thuc hien trudc dd d 128°C[7], chung tdi da lua chon polyme A N 125 lam phu gia cai thien dd nhdt cho he chat HDBM IAMS-M2 vdi thanh phan cac mau khao sat dugc trinh bay trong bang 1.
Ket qua khao sat su thay ddi do nhdt va SCBM giua hai pha dau / dung dich chit HDBM trong qua trinh li d nhiet dd 91°C - via DNR dugc trinh bay hinh 1 va hinh 2.
Bang 1. Thanh phdn cdc mdu khao sat Mau Thanh phan, ppm
Mau IAMS-M2 A N 125
1 900 100
2 850 150
3 800 200
4 750 250
5 700 300
6 650 350
7 600 400
-Miu 1 -Min 5
Thai gian, ngay - Mi u 2 -*- Miu 3 - Miu 6 —i— Miu 7 - Miu 4 Hinh 1. Su thay doi SCBM theo thdi gian u
sau 31 ngay d nhiet dp 91°C - via DNR
U, CP
Hinh 2. Su thay doi dp nhdt theo thdi gian u sau 31 ngay d nhiet dp 91°C - via DNR Tir cac ket qua tren, chiing tdi thay mau 3 vdi thanh phan he chat HDBM IAMS-M2 800 ppm va A N 125 200 ppm on dinti nhit trong qua trinh li, ca ve su giam SCBM, ca v i dd nhdt Mau nay se dugc lua chon de tiep tuc thir nghiem bom ep tren md hinh miu loi mdng DNR vdi ky hieu IAMS-M2-P.
Danh gid hieu qua tren mo hinh thuy dong luc hoc
Trong khi nghien cuu kha nang ung dung cong nghe tac ddng ly-hda ciia chit HDBM
IAMS-M2-P de nang cao he sd thu hdi dau than dau tan mdng Ddng nam Rdng, cac mau dung djch chat HDBM dugc thu nghiem trong phong thi nghiem. Cac thi nghiem diy diu
Nghien cim. Phdt triin vd duns Cone nshe Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10)- Hd Noi 27/11/2009
bang dung djch chit HDBM trong dieu kien via dugc tien hanh tren cac md hinh lam tir mau loi.
Cac nghien cuu thi nghiem sau khi thuc hien nhieu lan cho dugc ket qua tdt ciia phuong phap. He sd gia tang thu hdi dau dat dugc trong khoang tir 6,04 din 8,29%, trung binh la 6,9%. (bang 2). Tuy nhien, can nhan thay rang cac nghien cuu tren nhirng md hinh mlu loi cd kich thudc nhd hon rat nhieu so vdi kich thudc via cd the khong hoan toan phan anh hit d mire dd toan cue tat ca cac qua trinh thiiy ddng luc hoc xay ra trong dieu kien via va cac yeu td dia chat - vat ly anh hudng len he sd thu hdi dau nhu bat ddng nhat trong phan bd da chua, tinh chat tham loc ciia da chua, phan bd tuong ddi giua cac gieng bom va gilng khai thac, chuyen ddng ciia chat luu via...Vi vay, danh gia hieu qua thu hdi dau tren md hinh thiiy ddng luc hoc da dugc tinh toan dua tren phan mem md phong tren may tinh. Lugng dau thu hdi them ciia tirng phuong an bom chat HDBM tinh toan tren md hinh thiiy ddng luc hoc trinh bay tren hinh 3, he sd gia tang tru lugng tuong ling trinh bay tren do thi 4. He sd gia tang tru lugng thu hdi dau khi bom luong dung dich HDBM vdi ty le 15% thi tich rdng tinh toan bang phuong phap ngoai suy ket qua tinh toan cho cac khdi lugng bom khac nhau.
Bdng 2. Ket qua thuc nghiem bom ep dung dich chdt HDBM IAMS-M2-P tren md hinh via lam tir mdu loi
Sd md hinh
Dd tham da theo dau, mD
Dd rong, ph.d.,
9
Bao hda nude tan du,
SOB, ph.d.
Bao hda dau tan du,
SOH, ph.d.
Thu hdi dau do bom
nude, AG, ph.d.
Thu hdi do bom HDBM, AD
ph.d.
Gia tang AD, ph.d.
Chat HDBM IAMS-M2 ndng dd 0.1% (lOOOppm)
1 291 0.034 0.396 0.322 0.384 0.467 0.083
2 411 0.062 0.409 0.336 0.370 0.432 0.062
3 11.1 0.050 0.362 0.350 0.385 0.446 0.061
4 27.4 0.048 0.358 0.315 0.427 0.506 0.079
5 365 0.098 0.284 0.307 0.511 0.572 0.060
T. binh 134.5 0.065 0.334 0.324 0.441 0.508 0.069
• • 1
1 1 0.4 _ 0.9
The tich dua 1.7 _ 2.6 3j dich HTBM/The tich rang cua Tia, % Hinh 3. Luong dau thu hoi them theo tinh toan tren md hinh thiry ddng hoc
1000 - 900 1000 - E 900
1000 -
0001 900 800
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0
£ 1 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0 Z •
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0
I S 800
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0
• _ JS
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0
m i _
•3 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0
• 800
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0
• 800
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0 • _
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 •
0 0.4 0.9 1.7 2.6 3.5
IK lick dung HTBM/The tich rong cua via, % Hinh 4. Gia tdng he sd thu hdi dau theo tinh toan tren md hinh thiry dong hoc
Nghien cuu, Phdt men vd Ung duns Cons nshe. Vdt lieu (KC 02/06-10)- Hd Ndi 27/11/2009
Tren ca sd cac tfnh toan tren mo hinh co the dira ra cac k i t luan sau:
- Tinh toan cho thay khdi lugng dung djch HDBM bom vao via rat nhd so vdi thi tich rong ciia than dlu.
- Ghi nhan dugc sir gia tang he sd thu hdi dau ty le thuan vdi viec tang lugng dung djch HDBM dugc bam, tuy nhien ty le dung dich so vdi thi tich rong ciia via cang tang thi nhip dd gia tang he sd thu hdi dau cang cham lai.
- Tinh toan sa bd cho thay khi t h i tich dung djch chat HDBM chilm 15% t h i tich rdng ciia via he sd gia tang thu hdi dau cd the dat tdi 3,4%.
Tinh toan kiim tra tren md hinh thiiy ddng luc cho ket qua la hieu qua, khi ap dung cong nghe bom bom nut dung dich chat H D B M dat dugc sir gia tang thu hdi dau, tuy nhien thap hon nhilu so gia tri nhan dugc khi nghien cuu tren md hinh via tir m l u loi (7,1 % ) .
Cd thi bien luan nguyen nhan ciia sir gia tang he sd thu hdi dau kha thap tren md hinh thiiy ddng luc hoc so vdi khi nghien ciru tren md hinh bang mau loi.
Thir nhat, tren md hinh thiiy ddng luc hgc the tich ciia dung djch bom cho phep rat nhd so vdi thi tich rdng ciia via va chi chiem 0,3-1,5%. Lugng dung dich nay vi vay khong the bao triim hit toan bd cac khu vuc ciia than dau, trong do cd nhirng vung dau dong va day dlu tdi day gieng khai thac. Vi vay, hieu qua day dlu bang dung dich chat HDBM trd nen han che va diu tilp tuc dong lai trong cac vi nut ne.
Thu hai, Md hinh thuy ddng luc hoc md ta toan bd dieu kien dja chat via, trong dd cd sir bat ddng nhat ciia da chua nhu sir khong ddng deu trong phan bd do nut ne, dd tham va cac tinh chat khac. Nhirng yeu td nay phan anh qua he sd bao triim qua trinh khai thac blng bom ep. Ket qua tinh toan tren md hinh thiiy ddng luc the hien ca he sd bao triim va lam cho he sd gia tang tru lugng thap han khi day dung dich tren md hinh m l u loi.
Thu ba, Bom ep dung djch HDBM mot phin tiln hanh vao phin day than dlu la noi bao hda nude, tai day chat HDBM khong the phat huy tac dung tang he sd quet trong cac vi nut ne.
Hieu qua kinh te-ky thuat ciia cdc phuang an bam ep dung dich
Ket qua cac tinh toan kinh te dugc dua vao trong bang 3, nd cho thly t i t ca cac phuong an bom dp dung dich HDBM nham nang cao he sd thu hdi dlu ting mdng Ddng nam md Rdng dugc xem xet deu cho hieu qua kinh te.
Cac tinh toan cho thay giai phap ap dung trong tat ca cac phuong an diu cd hieu qua cao.
Ngoai ra k i t qua ung dung con dem lai ngudn lgi ldn cho Nha nude dudi dang cac loai thul.
Tdng cac loai thul Nha nude thu dugc theo cac phuong an 1, 2 va 3 tuong ung la 230,6, 685,7 va 1382,4 ngan USD la con s i rit dang k l (muc 7+8+10 trong bang 5.5).
Can ndi them cac tinh toan kinh te ky thuat tiln hanh cho mot don vj nhd ciia he thing khai thac ciia via. Neu triin khai rpng rai cho toan bd than diu thi lugng diu khai thac bd sung cung nhu hieu qua kinh te se rat ldn
Tren ca sd cac phan tich kinh te-ky thuat cd t h i nit ra cac kit luan sau:
- Ung dung cong nghe bom dung dich HDBM la huu ich nham nang cao he sd thu hdi diu than dau mdng Ddng nam md Rdng.
- Tinh toan hieu qua kinh t l tien hanh cho 3 phuang an khac nhau v l thdi gian bom ep dung dich. K i t qua tinh cho thly t i t ca cac phuong an bom dung dich HDBM dlu cd hieu qua nhung phuong an 3 cho luong lai rdng ldn nhat va la phuong an cd thai gian bom lau nhlt so vdi nhirng phuang an khac. Dieu nay cho phep ket luan: de cd t h i cd kha nang dat hieu qua cln phai len k l hoach img dung giai phap vdi thdi gian bom dung dich HDBM vao via <iu ldn
- Ngoai lai rdng con nop cho ngan sach Nha nude khoan thul tuong ung theo 3 phuong an la 230,6 ngan USD, 685,7 ngan USD va 1382,4 ngan USD.
Nghien ciru, Phdt triin yd Ong duns Cons nshe Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10)- Hd Noi 27/11/2009
Bdng 3. Hieu qua kinh ti ky thuat do dp dung gidi phdp bom dung dich HDBM IAMS-M2-P ndng cao hi so thu hdi dau tdng mdng khu vuc Dong nam md Rong
Chi sd Don vj do Phuong an bom
Chi sd Don vj do
PA1 PA2 PA3
1 Thai gian bom Thang 1 3 6
2 Luang dau khai thac tang them Tan 1200 3569 7195
3 Lugng HDBM cho bom ep Tan 2400 7200 14400
4 Chi phi, tdng cong Ngan USD 70.4 210.7 422.1
4.1 Chi phi thuc hien cong viec Ngan USD 54.9 164.7 329.4 Trong dd:
- Chi phi mua HDBM II 18.9 56.6 113.3
- Chi phinanglugng ti 19.3 57.8 115.6
- Chi phi nhan cong n 16.8 50.3 100.5
- Dich vu thuong mai ti 15.5 46.0 92.7
4.2 Chi phi khai thac them dau Ngan USD
5 Doanh thu ban dau tinh tren gia lap 455.6 1355.2 2732.0
k6 hoach 383 USD/tin Ngan USD
6 Dinh muc chi phi (25%) ."- 113.9 338.8 683.0
7 Thue tai nguyen (Royalty) (18%) _M_ 82.0 243.9 491.8
8 Thue xuat khau, 10% -"- 37.4 111.1 224.0
9 Loi nhuan ."_ 222.4 661.3 1333.2
10 Thue lgi nhuan, 50% _". 111.2 330.7 666.6
11 Loi nhuan thuan Ngan USD 154.7 458.8 927.5
IV. KET LUAN
1. He dung djch chat HDBM IAMS-M2-P dugc de xuat bdi Vien Khoa hoc vat lieu ung dung cd cac tfnh chat ly hoa phu hop vdi cac yeu cau ky thuat cua XNLD Vietsovpetro ddi vdi chat HDBM dung cho bom ep tang cudng thu hdi dau:
+ Kha nang giam SCBM 2 pha dau/nudc (ndng dd 1000 ppm) la 0.19 mN/m;
+ he sd bao toan SCBM cua HDBM (ndng dd 1000 ppm) khi nung d nhiet dd 91°C trong 31 ngay la 95%.
2. Cac nghien cuu thi nghiem day dau bang nut dung dich HDBM IAMS-M2-P tren md hinh via da mdng Ddng nam Rdng deu cho thay cd su gia tang ciia he sd thu hdi dlu. Gia tri tang trung binh ciia he sd thu hdi dau (5 thi nghiem) la 6.9% (6.04 - 8.3). He sd phuc hdi dd tham trung binh la 125% (71 - 198%).
3. Ket qua tinh tren may tinh cho thay su gia tang he sd thu hdi dau bang bom ep nut HDBM IAMS-M2-P la 3.4%, tuy nhien thap hon tren cac nghien cuu trong phong thi nghiem.
4. Da tien hanh tinh toan hieu qua kinh te-ky thuat ap dung cong nghe bom ep nut dung dich HDBM IAMS-M2-P theo 3 phuong an vdi khoang thdi gian bom keo dai khac nhau. Ket qua cho thay tat ca cac phuong an deu mang lai hieu qua kinh t i . Phuang an 3 (cd thdi gian bom dai nhat) mang lai loi nhuan cao nhat.
Nshien cuu, Phdt trien vd Ung duns Cons nehe Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10)- Hd Noi 27/11/2009
Loi cam on
Cong trinh nay dirge thuc hien tilp tuc tren ca sd cac k i t qua da thu dugc tir de1 tai KC.02.07/06-10 trong chucrng trinh KH&CN trong diim cap nha nude KC.02 (2006-2010).
Cac tic gia bay td long biet on chan thanh din Ban lanh dao XNLD VietsovPetro, Vien trudng va cac Chuyen gia ciia Vien nghien cuu Khoa hoc va Thilt k l XNLD VietsovPetro da giup da va tao tat ca cac dieu kien can thiet de de tai cd the dugc hoan thanh tdt nhat.
Cac tac gia giri loi cam an den Cty Cd Phan TiCo, cong ty Oil Chem Technologies, Stepan da cung cap cac mau hda chat can thiet de thuc hien nghien cuu nay.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Don W. Green, G. Paul Willhite, Enhanced Oil Recovery, SPE Textbook Series V. 6, Richardson, Texas, (1998).
2. Sabatini, D.A., Acosta, E., and Harwell, J.H. Linker Molecules in Surfactant Mixtures.
Submitted to Current Opinion in Col. and Int. Sci., (2003).
3. Shuler, P.J., et. al. Improving Polymer Injectivity at West Coyote Field, California. SPE reservoir Engineering, 271-280, (1987).
4. Christie Lee, P.D. Berger, Our New Tricks for Your Old Reservoirs, Paper presented at the SPE Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, OK, (2006).
5. Cao, Y. and Huilin, L. Interfacial activity of a novel family of polymeric surfactants.
European Polymer J., 38, 1457-1463, (2002).
6. Itstvan Lakatos et al. Application of Viscoelastic Surfactants as Mobility Control Agents in Low Interfacial tension Flood, SPE Paper 106005, presented at the SPE 2007 Intel.
Symposium of Oilfield Chemistry, Houston, Texas, U.S.A., (2007).
7. Nguyen Phuang Tung va cac cong sir, Nghien cuu img dung gel vd cdc chdt hoat ddng be mat nhdm tdng cudng thu hdi ddu md, Bao cao tdng ket de tai KC.02.07/06-10 trong chuong trinh KH&CN trong diim cdp nha nude KC.02 (2006-2010), Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, (2009).
