T H U i ; TIEN - K I N H N G H I E M
CAC YEU TO TAC DONG OEN XAY DONG CHJNH SACH, PHAP LUAT PHAT TRIEN VUNG DONG DAO DAN TOC THIEU SO 6 VIET NAM
TS NGUYEN THj VAN HA (*) ThS TRAN TH! CAM T U n
Tom tat: Viet Nam li mdt qud'c gia da dan tpe, cd 54 tpe ngUdI anh em sinh sdng, trong dd cd 53 dan tpe thieu sd vdi gan 14 trieu ngUdl (chiem khoang 14,3% dan so ca nQdc'''. Trai qua hing nghin nam dUng nQdc va glQ nQdc, eae dan tdc thieu sd Viet Nam di tfeh luy dQdc mot kho tang van hda dan tpe hd't sQc dpe dao va da dang. Cac tin ngQdng, phong tuc tap quin, truyen thdng lau ddi da tao cho mdi dan tpe eo ban sac van hda ridng biet, gdp phan quan trong lam da dang va phong phu van hda Viet Nam. Viec xay dQng, hoan thien ehinh sich, phap luat phu hdp de thQc day phat trien cie vung din tdc thieu sd can phai dUa tren cd sd nghien eUu mdt each thau dao, toan dipn nhQng tie ddng cua eic die diem van hoa, xa hdi cua cae dan tpe thieu sd.
TUkhda: Chinh sach, phip luat; dan tpe thieu so; van hda, xi hdi.
Abstract: Vietnam is a country of multiple ethnic groups. It has got 54 ethic groups, of which 53 groups have a total population of 14 millions (about 14.3% of national population"'. Over thou- sands years of building up and defending the country, minority ethnic groups In Vietnam have accumulated a treasure of very unique and diversified cultures. Each ethnic group has a unique cultural identity, making an important contribution to diversifying and enriching Vietnamese cul- ture. Thus, developing appropriate policies and laws to promote the development of ethnic minor- ity areas should be basedupon a thorough and comprehensive research on the impacts of cul- tural and social characteristics of ethnic minorities.
Keywords: Policies, laws; minority ethnic group; culture, society.
Ngay nhin bii: 08/5/2020 Ngiy bidn tip: 03/6/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 24/8/2020 1. Tac dpng cua cac yd'u to ldnh t e - x a hpi
1.1. Tic dpng cua su phit trien khong ddng deu
Su kem phdt trien ve nhieu mat vd ty Id ddi ngheo cao cua ddng bao cdc ddn tdc thid'u sd (DTTS) so vdi mQe phdt trien trung binh ndi ehung va so vdi ngQdi Kinh ndi rieng cho thay can cd chinh sach kinh te, xa hdi hdp ly dd' nhanh chdng rQt ngdn khoang each dd. Khi hoaeh dinh chinh sach, ben egnh vide quan tdm den mQc dp phdt trien chdm eiia cac DTTS ndi chung, cdn phdi chu y dd'n sQ
(*) HQC vipn Hinh chinh Qudc gia (**) HQC vipn Chinh trj khu vt/c IV, HQC vien Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh
phdt trien khdng ddng deu giQa cdc dan tdc.
Do dd, can ed nhQng quy djnh mang tinh uu tidn ddi vdi DTTS ndi chung va ede Qu tidn eu the, phu hdp vdi trinh dp phdt trien cua cdc nhdm DTTS khae nhau. Bdn eanh cac quy djnh cua phdp lugt, can phai xdy dung eae chudng trinh, de an dae bidt, hudng den vide tgo dieu kien eho sQ phdt trie'n ciia edc nhdm DTTS. Cac de dn, chQdng trinh can dQa vdo kd't qua dieu tra ey the de xay dUng mdt ban quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cd tinh dai han, xdc dinh cdc myc tieu eu the vd Id trinh dgt dQdc eae myc tidu dd.
Xay dyng chinh sdch can phai xQ ly mdi quan he giQa chfnh sdch cho vung, edng ddng, cho hd gia dinh ndi chung vdi chinh
To chuc nha nuoc so 6/2020
sdch dan tdc, tranh edc can thiep chdng cheo vd khdng phu hdp. Hien nay, nhieu ehfnh sach ve dan toe thudng dupe thie't ke theo phUdng thQc "mpt can thiep phu hdp eho tat ca", trong khi dae diem mdi vung mien, dia phUdng, dan tpe Id rat khde bidt Dieu nay khdng ehi lam giam su phu hdp ciia chinh sdch, ma edn han che tinh sang tgo, hidu qua thUc hidn chfnh sdch d cap dja phUdng. VI vdy, can quan tam sQ dung phUdng phap tie'p can nhdn hpe phdt trien de' phdt huy nhQng gid tri van hda vd ngudn lUe npi tai eiia ede nhdm DTTS eho phdt trid'n.
De chinh sdch, phdp ludt thuc sU di vdo cupc sdng, phai xdy dung theo each tiep can tu dudi Idn, tranh viec dua ra cae mue tieu, npi dung, nhiem vy, djnh mQe thieu thQe te.
Mat khae, can trdnh vide quy djnh qud ehi tid't, ey the cdc npi dung, djnh mQc, each thQe,... trong tQng ed che, chinh sdch vT md, vi nhQ vdy se Idm mat tinh chu dpng, sang tgo, cung nhu lam gidm "traeh nhiem" ciia chfnh quyen dja phUdng trong td chQc thQc hidn, tQ dd ldm gidm hidu qua cdc chinh sdch ndi chung va cd che, chfnh sdeh ve dan tdc ndi rieng.
Mat khde, mdi DTTS deu cd ngudn nang IQc npi sinh vd the' manh rieng de tdn tgi. Vi vdy, cac chfnh sdch can hQdng den vide phdt huy cac ngudn nang iQc ndi sinh dd. Khdng ndn dua ra cdc chinh sach ch? hd trd mang tinh "eho khdng" nhU hidn nay md phdi theo hudng "cd dieu kidn", nghTa la ngUdi ngheo, hp nghdo, xa nghdo phai cd trdch nhidm khi thy hudng ehinh sach cua Nhd nQdc. Day la van de md chinh sach giam ngheo chQa tiep can dung trong thdi gian qua. Khdng quy dinh dieu kidn ddi vdi ddi tQdng thy hQdng se ddn de'n tinh trgng trdng ehd, y lai vdo chinh sach, vi the khdng tao dUde dpng lUe phdt trien.
1.2. Tac dpng tU cac yeu td xa hpi De ehinh sdch ban hdnh dgt hidu qua, can phdn tfch ky, day du cde nguydn nhan ed ban ddn de'n sU eham phdt trien va ty Id ddi ngheo eao. Mat khae, can hudng den vide tgo ra cd che, dieu kien dd' khae phye edc nguydn nhdn cd ban ddi vdi sU eham phdt trien vd ty le ddi ngheo cao dd.
NhQng nguyen nhan ddn dd'n tinh trang Cham phdt tridn vd ddi ngheo chfnh Id khd nang hgn ehe tie'p can edc djeh vy edng.
Trudc hd't, cd sd hg tang nhU dudng sa, didn nudc, ed sd ddo tao, ed sd y te, djch vy thdng tin,... deu d mQe hgn ehe khde nhau. Do dd, chinh sach Uu tidn dau tidn la tap trung xdy dung vd eai tao dudng giao thdng, cac cd sd dao tgo vd y te trdn dja bdn cU trQ ciia cdng ddng cae DTTS. Vf dy, van de tdo hdn va hdn nhdn can huyet thdng dQdc cho la bdt ngudn tQ nhieu yeu td, trong dd cd nguydn nhdn Id trinh dp dan trf thap, dja bdn sinh sdng bidt lap, it cd hdi giao luu, trao doi. hdi nhdp vdl xd hpi bdn ngodi; eung vdi dd Id tap quan kd't hdn, djnh kien giQa cdc tpe ngQdi phdt trie'n va chdm phdt trien; hieu bie't chQa day du ve hau qua ciia tao hdn vd kd't hdn edn huyet thdng,... ddn dd'n tinh trang ndy d edc tpe ngUdi sdng d khu vUc khd khan vdn chua cd da'u hieu eham dQt. Do tinh phQc tap cua tlnh hlnh, ndn giai phap de giai quye't tao hdn va hdn nhdn can huyet thdng trong DTTS can phai dUdc tid'p can mot edeh kien tri, Idu ddi vd todn dien, trong dd, tgo ra dieu kidn va dpng luc cho cdc dan tde thieu sd hpi nhap va phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi Id giai phap can bdn can dUde iQu y.
Cac cd sd y te d each xa khu dan cQ la mdt trong nhQng nguydn nhdn dan den vide tie'p can cdc djch vy khdm, chQa benh edn khd khdn.
De giai quye't thQe trang trdn, ngodi cdc bidn phdp thue day nhanh sU phdt then kinh te - xa hpi, tuydn truyen, pho bien eho ngudi dan ve ldi fch trong sQ dyng the bao hiem y te,... can ed eae chinh sdch phu hdp nham dgt mye tieu ndng ty Id sQ dyng vd sQ dung ed hidu qua the bao hiem y te trong ddng bdo DTTS, cu thd' nhU: cd md hinh hdp ly dau tQ phat trien y te'" (ca ve cd sd vgt chat, trang thid't bj vd nhdn lye) cho vung DTTS khd khdn vd dae bidt khd khan (uu tien 2 dja bdn mien nui phfa Bac va Tay Nguyen) thdng qua cd ehe dae thu, Uu tidn phdt trien manh y te thdn, ban - trgm y te xa - phdng khdm da khoa khu vuc vd benh vidn huydn khde vdi md hinh dau tu y te d khu vue ddng bang.
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To chikc nha nuoc so 6/2020Nguyen nhdn cua tinh trang ddi ngheo eao, cdn do trinh dp va ky nang lao dpng ciia ngudn nhan luc la ngUdi thieu sd qud thap.
Tinh trgng mu chQ d ngudi trudng thanh dang Id thdch thQc Idn vdi ede DTTS. LUc IUdng lao ddng da qua ddo tao cd ty Id rat thap vd cd su phdn hda cao giQa cdc DTTS khae nhau.
Trung binh eh? cd 6,2% ty Id iQc lUdng lao ddng da qua ddo tao, bang 1/3 so vdi ty le trung binh cua lUc lUdng lao dpng ca nude.
Nhdm thap nhd't cd ty le trung binh dudi 2%, trong khi chi sd ndy d nhdm cao nhd't dat ty Id tren 7%. Cd sU chenh lech ldn giQa nam vd nQ ve trinh dd hpc van va viec lam do nhieu nguydn nhan, trong dd ehu yd'u vdn Id tQ tQdng trpng nam khinh nQ, van ngn tao hdn, edc quan niem eo hu, lac hau ve vide phy nO phdi lam vide nhd, eham lo cho gia dinh khdng ndn hpc nhieu. Ngoai ra, nhieu phy nQ DTTS phai ddm dQdng cdc hoat dpng ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, khdng cd dieu kidn di hpc.
Trinh dp dan trf eua ede DTTS nhin chung edn thap so vdi mQc trung binh eua cd nQdc da ed nhQng tdc dpng khdng nhd vdo qud trinh xay dQng chfnh sdeh vd van ban phdp ludt phdt trien ddi vdi DTTS. De cac chinh sdeh, phdp ludt di vdo cupc sdng thi bdn canh eae ehfnh sdeh chung can phai ed cde chfnh sach phuc vu cho vide tuydn truyen, phd bien cde vdn ban phdp lugt phu hdp vdi trinh dp dan tri eiia edng ddng cae DTTS. Trong dd, can phai quan tam phdt huy vai trd cua ede gid Idng, trQdng ban, nhQng ngudi ed uy tfn trong cdng ddng. Cdng tae tuydn truyen, pho bien edc chfnh sdeh, che dp cua Nha nUde ddi vdi cpng ddng edc DTTS can phai cd cdch tid'p can ridng vdi tQng nhdm cpng ddng dan tdc do hp cd trinh dp dan tri khde nhau.
Sd lieu dieu tra gan day eho thay, moi ch?
tidu phdt then xa hdi cua cac DTTS deu dang d mQc thap, vi vay, xay dQng chfnh sdch vd van bdn phdp ludt cho phat trien cac DTTS can phai cd tinh he thdng, dong bp. TrQdc hd't la ddng bp giQa mye tidu de ra vdi giai phdp va ngudn iQc thyc hien. Hidn nay, cde chfnh sdch thudng rdi vdo tinh trang mue tidu de ra qua Idn, trong khi cac nhiem vy, giai phdp, ngudn luc cho du cd dUdc ddp Qng nhu quy dinh trong ehfnh sdeh eung khdng the dgt
dQdc muc tidu de ra. Viec thie't ke chinh sdeh dan too theo ngdnh, ITnh vUe edn dpc lap, thieu su gan ke't cac chinh sdch trong mpt nganh (gido due, y te...) va giQa ede ngdnh khae nhau, tao ra sQ phdn tdn. Dieu nay dan den ehdng cheo trong cdc chinh sach, khdng the thuc hidn vide dieu phdi chung de dgt dQdc hidu qua mpt each toan dien vd tdng the.
Tinh ddng bp ciia ede ehfnh sdch phai dQdc xdy dQng trong tdng the ehung, dUa vdo can cQ thQc tidn cua mdi vung, dja phUdng vd eua tQng tdc ngQdi de phdi kd't hdp cdc mye tidu.
Vf dy, nguyen nhan ehung ciia edc chi tieu xa hpi thap nhu gido dye, dao tgo, kinh te, thdng tin... Id do ed sd ha tang ky thuat thap kem, do dd, nd'u hoach djnh chinh sdeh rieng bidt vd dieu hanh viec thUe hidn ede ehinh sach rieng bidt nhu chinh sach phat trid'n gido dye, y te,...
deu ed myc tidu ve xay dung ed sd ha tang.
Nd'u dieu phdi ridng bidt dUdng nhidn ddn den sU ehdng cheo, manh mun, lang phf.
2. Tac dpng cua cac yeu to van hda 2.1. Tac dpng cua yeu td phong tijc, tap quan, lupt tyc
Cde ddc diem xa hpi, van hda, phong tye, tap qudn eung nhu cae yd'u td ddc diem tU nhidn, ljeh sQ vd kinh te tQng vung, tQng dan tpe cd tde ddng ldn trong viec xdy dQng chinh sach dan tdc. De cdc chfnh sdeh cd the di vao ddi sd'ng thQe te thi viec xdy dung chinh sach ddn tpe vd cde ehUdng trinh dU dn phat trid'n vung DTTS can phdi dQdc xem xet, tinh tdi cdc yeu td, dae diem van hda nhQ mdt dieu kidn de bao dam eho tinh phu hdp eua chfnh sdeh.
Phong tuc, tap qudn la mpt bd phdn quan trpng cQa he thdng vdn hda, phan dnh "nhan quan" ciia mpt cpng ddng dan tdc ve thd' gidi vu try bao gdm vdt chat ty nhidn, mdi trUdng sd'ng xung quanh vd nhQng quy tac Qng xQ tQdng Ung cua cong ddng. Trong Iich sQ sinh tdn, dd' cd the tdn tai va phdt trid'n, cac dan tdc, cae edng ddng ngQdi phai vQdt qua sQ can trd cua edc the iQc tQ nhidn vd xa hdi de thich Qng, bien ddi, hda nhdp. Cdc Qng xQ dd lap di, lap Igi nhieu lan tgo thdnh nep sd'ng, nep nghT, bieu hien rd net d cae phong tyc, tap quan. Chinh eae phong tue, tap quan lau ddi nay da tao ndn truyen thdng van hda, net
To chuc nha nuoc so 6/2020
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HOI THAO KHOA HOC
DANH GIA HIEU QUA CAC CHUDNG T R I N H T I N DUNG CHlNH SACli Ddi VUi DdNG BAD D A N TOC T H I I ' U Sfii TAI Vl|T NAM
HA Npf. ngir 25 ihing 9 nSm 2019
Hdi thao khoa hqc "Danh gia hieu qua cac chuang trinh tin dung chinh sich doi vdi ddng bao din tpe thieu s tai Vipt Nam do Uy ban Dan tpe va Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi to chdc ngay 25/9/2019. Anh minh haa ddc thu, did'm khde biet, hinh thdnh ban sac
cua edng ddng, dan tdc.
Phong tuc, tap qudn, van hda dQde hinh thdnh tren nen tang tdm ly xa hpi eiia mdt cpng ddng, y thQc he eua mdt ddn tdc. Vdn hda tao nen sQ gan ket giQa cde ca nhdn vd cpng ddng xa hpi trong tfnh thdng nha't vd phd bien. TQ nhan thQe chung ve the gidi quan va chju rang budc bdi cde quy djnh cua luat tyc, phong tue, tap quan da dnh hudng sau sac den suy nghT, hdnh vi cua mdi con ngQdi, quy djnh lai nhQng suy nghT, hdnh vi eua hp. TQ dd, tao ndn tdm ly xa hpi edng ddng vd ehuyen hda eao hdn thdnh y thQc he cua mdt dan tdc, thdnh thQdng tang kien true cua dan tde, dd Id tQ tQdng.
Trong mpt cpng ddng xa hpi ma cap dp vd quy md hep nhQ d cae vung DTTS mien nui nQdc ta, vdi nhieu yeu td bidt lap thi tinh lien ke't npi tgi vd sy khde biet vdi edi chung cua xa hdi cang ldn. VI vay, mdi chinh sdch can thiep phai phu hdp vdi thue tiln ddi sdng vd tinh cam, tam ly ngQdi dan vd cdng ddng, djnh hQdng vd chuyen hda tQng bUde nhQng yeu td van hda dd trong tQng bdi cdnh cy the. Tinh phu hdp the'
hidn d vide phdt huy dQdc nhQng tinh hoa van hda truyen thdng, vQdt qua dQdc rdo can cua cac hu tuc, hQdng den cupc sdng mdi van minh, hien dgi, phat trien nhQng vdn giQ gin dQdc ban sac van hda eiia dan tdc minh.
Trong thuc te, moi DTTS deu cd phong tuc, tap quan, nep nghT, ludt tye rieng biet, do dd vide xay dung ehfnh saeh, phdp luat de phat trien ede DTTS cd the thuc hien bang hai phUdng thQe sau:
ThQ nhit, ban hanh mot dgo lugt ridng vdl tdn goi phu hdp nham dieu ch?nh edc mdi quan he lidn quan dd'n DTTS, tao hanh lang phap ly cho phat trien cdc ddn tdc, vung DTTS. Quan tam dd'n cac ddc thu ve phong tuc, tap quan, cdch suy nghTvd tQ tQdng cua cdc DTTS de xdy dung ludt cho phu hdp.
ThQ hai, khdng ban hdnh ludt ridng ma tid'n hanh rd soat Igi td't cde ludt hidn hdnh cd lidn quan de bd sung, eh?nh sQa cde noi dung cdn thieu, ehua phu hdp vdi van de phdt then edc DTTS vd vung DTTS. Cdch lam nay ddi hdi phai nghien cQu ky phong tue, tap quan, lugt tye lidn quan dd'n tQng lugt chuydn ngdnh de cd sQ bd sung, sQa ddi phu hdp.
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To chufc nha nuoc so 6/20202.2. SI/ thay ddi vi tiep bien van hoa Hidn nay, Cupc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 dang didn ra manh me eung nhQng bie'n ddng ve mdi trudng, djeh benh da tao ra sQ thay ddi het sQc quan trpng trong ddi sdng cua cdc qudc gia, trong dd cd cdc DTTS. Qua trinh todn eau hda ldm thay doi quan niem, y thQe eOa ngUdi dan. Nguy ed bi mai mdt cac gid trj van hda quan trpng trong ban sdc van hda va di san vdn hda cd the dien ra. Ddng thdi, qud trinh chuyen djch dan cU, cQ tru dan xen ngay cang trd ndn phd bie'n lam hinh thdnh cdc edng ddng dan cu hdn hdp nhieu dan tpe.
NhQng bie'n doi ve mdi trudng vd djch benh cung ddn dd'n nhQng phUdng thQc sdng va quan he xa hdi mdi. ThQe te nay ddn den qud trinh hda trdn, dan xen giQa cac xu hudng trong giao thoa van hda, tiep bien vdn hda, dieu ch?nh va bao lUu van hda giQa cac tdc ngUdi. Bdi vi, mpt cdng ddng ed sd dan ddng hdn va kinh td' phdt trien hdn se chid'm Uu the trdi, anh hudng de'n van hda cac cpng ddng cdn lai. Su hda trdn dd tao nen mpt bQc tranh da sac mdu. Chinh saeh ddn tdc phai dUde xQ ly lam sao de khdng ldm mat di nhQng yeu td ehu dao dd Id tfnh "thdng nhd't trong da dang", dQdc quy djnh bdi mdi quan he glQa cac dan tpe dua trdn nguyen tde binh dang.
Bdn eanh dd, ehinh sdeh ddn tde phdi eCing cd dUde y thQe tQ tin va tu tdn dan tdc, mong mud'n dQdc bdo ton, phdt huy, lan tda cac gia trj van hda eiia ddn tpe minh. Vi vay, chinh sdeh phdt trien cae DTTS can phdi tgo dieu kidn phdt trien ddi sdng kinh te' - xd hpi, ddng thdi bao tdn ede gid tri van hda ndi chung vd cac di san van hda tao ndn ban sdc cua cae DTTS ndi ridng.
3. Phat huy tinh ttch cUc cua cac yeu to tdc dpng trong xay diing chinh sdch, phap luat phat trien vung dong bao dan tpe thieu sd
Nham xdy dyng cac chfnh sdeh, phdp luat eho sQ phdt then cdc vung DTTS mpt edeh hidu qua, di vdo cupc sd'ng, can thQc hidn mpt sd giai phdp sau:
Mpt li, tQng bQdc khae phye khoang each chdnh lech, sQ phat trien khdng ddng deu giQa cae DTTS vdi nhau vd giOa cde DTTS vdi mQc phat trien chung eua cd nQdc.
Hal la, muc tidu trpng tdm cua chlnh sdeh, phap ludt nham giai quyet cdc nguyen nhdn cd ban nhd't ddn de'n hidn trgng chdm phat then ciia cdc DTTS Id tinh trgng cd sd hg tang thdp kem, SQ thieu tinh he thdng, ddng bp trong edc chfnh sach tdc dpng len mpi mat ciia ddi sdng kinh te, van hda, xa hdi eiia cac DTTS de' dam bdo su phdt trien todn didn vd tid't kidm ngudn iQc.
Ba la, chfnh sdeh phdi phu hdp mpt each tQdng ddi vdi dieu kidn, hodn canh, mdi trQdng sd'ng eua cpng ddng edc DTTS, cdi gde de san sinh vd nudi dQdng van hda truyen thdng.
Bd'n la, chfnh sdch phai phu hdp vdi trinh dp ddn tri, nhan thQc cua ngQdi dan, ddc biet phai gan vdi nhQng net vdn hda eiia mdt edng ddng vd dQdc quy dinh bdi yeu td nen tang Id mat bang trinh dp phat trid'n, nhat la ve gido due va kd't cau ha tang kinh te - ky thudt hidn cd cung nhu qud trinh giao lUu, tid'p bid'n van hda dang diln ra.
Nam la, phat huy cac gid trj van hda truyen thd'ng tdt dep de giQ gin ban sdc dan toe, khdng tgo ndn nhQng xung dot van hda, tdm ly xa hpi, Mat khae, cQdng quyet loai trU nhQng tap tyc lac hau, khdng phu hdp trong ddi sdng, can trd sy phdt trien vd qud trinh tiep nhgn nhQng yeu td van minh eiia van hda mdi.
Sau li, dam bao nguyen tac binh dang dan tpe, tdn trpng tinh da dang van hda, khde phye tdm ly tu ti, tu tudng djnh kie'n dan tde tU qud trinh giao iQu van hda. Giai quyet mdt each hai hod mdi quan he giQa eon ngQdi vdi van hda, de eao ehu thd' van hda cac ddn tpe, day manh viec khai thde vd sQ dyng tri thQc dja phUdng trong cac hogt ddng phat trien. XQ ly hdi hod cac nhu cau va ldi fch, giQa yd'u td truyen thdng vd hien dai, giQa kinh te va van hod trong sQ bid'n ddi kinh te - van hod, quan he ddn tdc dang Id nhu eau ed'p thie't, ddi hdi khd nang giai quyet tinh hlnh thuc tidn nhgy ben, linh hogt dang la thdch thUc ddi vdi cdc cap, cac ngdnh, dja phQdng vung DTTS nQdc ta hidn nay.
Ddng thdi, phai cd cd ehe, chfnh sdch nham tan dung vai trd gan ke't vd ddn dat cpng ddng cua cae gid lang, trQdng ban ddi vdi cdc vung DTTS trong phat trien kinh te - xa hpi tai dja phQdng./.
To chuc nha nuoc so 6/3020
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Ghl chu:
(1) De trQc tie'p c h d m sdc sUc khde sinh sdn cho ngudi DTTS, Nhd nude da co chinh sach eho y te t h d n , ban (Quye't djnh sd 75/2009/QD- T T g vd Thdng tU sd 07/201S/TT-BVT) dQOc xem nhu mdt hudng tiep c a n phu hop, nhd't la ehinh sdch ddi vdi ed d d t h d n , b a n . Tuy nhidn, c o n nhieu khd khan ve che dd dai ngp thap; nhan s u thay ddi; trinh d p , dao tao bat cap va khd khdn ea ve pham vi c u a chfnh sach.
Tai lieu tham khao:
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sQ phit tridn vi tien bp xa hpl". Nxb Khoa npc xa hpi.
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18. Tong c y c thong ke, Didu tra di cQ Vipt Nam: nhQng kit qua ehu yd'u, Nxb Thdng ke, 2015.
19. Tieu DU an Hd tro Giam ngheo PRPP - Uy ban Dan tde, Tdng quan thuc trang kinh te - xi hpi cua 53 dan tpe thieu sd: Dua tren ket qua phan tich sd lieu dieu tra thuc trang kinh te - xa hdi eua 53 dan tdc thieu so nam 2015, Luu hdnh n p i b p , H.2017.
20. IJy ban Dan tde, Ky ye'u Hdi thao khoa hoe "Thde trang chinh saeh dan toe, dmh hudng xay dQng chinh sach giai doan 2021-2030"do Oy ban Dan tdc phoi hop vdi Dai sQ quan Ireland td chUe ngdy 3/1/2019 tai Hd Npi.
