Thi/c tien - Kinh nghiem
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O NGUYEN XUAN VINH
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udc ta c6 nhigu vdng ddng bing dat thip, dd thi ven bien bi anh hudng m^nh me trudc tic dgng cda BDKH. Ben canh mgt so giil phip hOu higu dugc trien khi thtfc hign, Chinh quygn, ngudi din cin nhanh chdng cddc giai phip thich hgp hdn nOa trong ting phd, thich nghi, giim thigu thigt hgi thien tai.Trong 84 quflc gia dang phit trien ven biln dugc dieu tra v l mgc NBD, Viflt Nam dflng d i u v l nhflng t i c dflng d l i vdi dan s l , GDP, k h i ndng md rflng dfl thj, cung nhfl xep hgng 2 d l i vdi c i c i n h huflng v l quy dat v i k h i ning mfl rflng d i t nflng nghiSp.
Vflng ven biln nudc ta cfl khoing han 500 dfl thj hifln cd vd dg klfl'n thflm 130 dd thj vdo nim 2025.
Cic dfl thj ven biln chju i n h hu- dng trgc tiep cDa BDKH, NBD;
mflt so tai biln diln hinh lien quan d i n BDKH cDa dfl thj ven biln, bao gom: Bio; iu igt va Ung nggp; trugt lfl d i t da; sgt Id bd sflng; xfli lfl bd biln; nhilm man;
hgn h i n . Nhg v i y , nguyfln t i c , cin xdy dgng mfl hinh dfl thj ven biln thfch flng BDKH nhu sau: Co sfl hg ting dfl thj phflt trtln b i n vflng theo quy hogch, phu hgp vfli djnh hflflng chlln iflgc hfldng ra biln d l phit trien kinh te, cfl ning igc thfch flng t i t vfli BDKH, ching chju t i t c i c tai biln mli trudng tfl
nhifln ven biln, b i o d&m dflgc quy hogch khai thic sfl dgng b i n vflng cfl k h i nang chflng chju t i t vfli tai biln, BDKH. Kinh t l dd thj phit trtln b i n vflng, thfch flng tfl't vdl BDKH trdn co sfl ca c l u Igi c i c nginh kinh t l ; phit trien du lich trd thinh mflt trong nhflng nganh kinh te mui nhgn cDa cic dfl thj ven bien nhim d i m bdo
mgi nggfli d i n cfl sinh ke b i n vflng phu hdp. Xa hfli dfl thj h i i hoi, ben vflng, thfch flng tfl't vfli BDKH, nSng cao chat Iflgng cudc sing b i o d i m cing bing xa hfli, sinh k l b i n vflng, phu hop vdi djnh huflng v i quy m l phit trtln dd thi cfl tinh den c i c t i c dflng cDa BDKH, NBD. 6 nUflc ta, cung vfli phit trtln kinh te, dfl thj hda Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tiLfdng | K> 2-Tiling 4/2017 3 7
tgi ede vDng ven biln dang diln ra vdi t i c dd cao. Vide tim ra nhQng md hinh phD hpp cho phdt triln dd thj thfch Qng vdi BDKH Id nhu d u bQc thilt md trong Quylt djnh s l 2623/QD-TTg v l "Phat triln cdc dd thi Vi$t Nam Qng phd vdi BDKH giai dogn 2013-2020"
cung da de edp.
Dd thj hda tgi cac vDng ven bien d nQdc ta diln ra vdi t i e dp eao, cd vai trd quan trpng doi vdi phat triln KT-XH, bdo ddm QP- AN vd phat trien b i n vQng d i t nQdc, nhQng vDng ven biln Igi la ndi de bj ton thQdng do BDKH.
Da Ndng Id dd thj ven biln. dd bj t i n thQdng do BDKH; do thj dang cd toe do dd thi hda eao vd cd nhilu thach thDc cho sQ phdt triln dd thj. Lu quet va nggp lyt thudng xuydn xdy ra tgi d c khu vUc thupng luu va hg lUu. Cac khu vue bj dnh hudng nhit dupe ghi nhdn Id nhQng vung dit thip dde biet dgc theo bd sdng nhu cdc xa: HdaTiln. Hda Phudc.
Hda Chdu, Hda Phong. Hda Nhdn vd xa Hda Lidn thu|c huyen Hda Vang, phUdng Hda Hiep Bae cDa qudn Lidn Chieu, phudng Hda Xuan cDa qudn Cam Ld. Md hinh ting quat dd thj Od Ning thfch Qng vdi BDKH la dd thj ven bien cd kinh te, sinh k l bin vQng va xa hdi hai hda, thfch Dng tot; ed sd ha tang ky thudt thfch Qng vdi BDKH; bin vQng ve tai nguyen, mdi trQdng, chong chju td't vdi thien tai, cd khd nag Qng phd vdi BDKH; cd qudn trj ben vQng va thfch Qng, nguon nhan lyc dap Qng yeu cau phat trien ben vQng, thfch Qng vdi BDKH vd chu dgng Qng phd vdi tai bien. Md hinh dd thj ven bien
thfch Qng vdi BDKH dQpc phdn tfch theo ede khfa egnh sau ddy:
Quy hogch. KT-XH, qudn trj, tdi nguyen, sinh thdi vd mdi trQdng.
Di Qng phd vdi BDKH, m l i dia phQdng d l ra nhQng bien phdp mang tfnh dja phQdng, tDy d i l u kign cy t h i cDa tQng dja phQdng d l dQa ra nhQng bien phdp thfch Qng phD hpp. Ngudi dan vDng biln can chD ddng eae phUdng dn, gidi phap Qng phd vdi thidn tai, BDKH. Cy t h i , ned dgu tdu thuyen, sd tdn v l ndi an toan khi cd du bdo bdo ID xdy ra; thay doi mDa vy, tring cdy ngin ngay hdn d l tranh mDa bao, lu. Cae huyen ven bien cDa tinh Thai Binh; Thai Thyy, Tien Hai phdi dd'i mat vdi cac thien tai cd nguon g l c tD bien vdo nhU: Bao. ATND, nudc ddng vd sdng. Sy thay doi nhiet dd, lupng mUa Idm thay doi ddt ngdt mdi trudng song cDa cdc loai dgng thQc vdt. ddc bidt Id cac log! thDy hdi san ven bien. BDKH gdy thiet hgi ndng n l ve mua mdng, dnh hudng tdi ndng suit ndng nghiep vd nudi trong thDy hai san dae biet la khu vyc ven biln ndi dan cu chD y l u sing bing nghi nudi tring vd danh b i t thuy sdn. Gay suy thoai DDSH cdc khu dUtrDsinh quyen, de dga nghiem trgng d i n rQng ngdp mdn ven bien, mat chd trQ ddng cua cdc loai chim di CQ d i n vung ven biln. Do tac ddng cDa BDKH, bao, ATND ra tang t u i n suit vd CQdng do, bdo trai mDa xuat hien nhilu hdn, cdng tac phdng chdng chQa hieu qud, bi dpng, nen vung ven biln Thdi Binh thQdng chiu nhilu thiet hgi.
Nham gidm thieu thiet hgi vDng ven bien thi each thQc tot nhat la
dua vdo ^ thQc cdng d i n g cung Chung tay Dng phd vdi BDKH.
Xdy dQng cac d l an nang cao nang iQc nhQ hiiu bilt v l BDKH va nhQng tdc dpng cDa nd, ndng cao ndng luc qudn ly rDi ro thi§n tai dua vdo cdng d i n g . Ddo tgo nghi, viee Idm, phat trien sinh l<e b i n vQng dUa vao cdng ding, li/a chpn nghe nghidp phD hpp v6\
nang IQc, dieu kidn kinh te, di^u kidn tu nhidn, g i n liln giQa phat triln kinh t l vdi BVMT vd gidm thieu tde nhdn gdy ra hidu Dng nha kfnh... 6vDng ven bien Mi6n Trung, vy Ddng Xudn g i n nhif mat mua, ch? cdn vy Xudn He va He Thu. Vung ven biln tfnh Quang Nam da xay nhd cao hon, cd gac xep d l khi mya bao din cd t h i di chuyen do dge len cao;
nUdc vd IUdng thQc dUdc du triJ trong nhd de sdn sdng Qng ph6.
Ngodi ra, mdi gia dinh cung c6 trang b| mdt ghe dDng eho nhQng trQdng hpp khin d p , mua bao b i t ngd. Qudng Nam cho xdy ngdi nhd chung cDa thdn. ngfii nha ehung nay cd hai ting, trong nhQng ngdy binh thQdng Id dja diem sinh boat van hda cDa ba con trong thdn. Trong nhOng ngdy mQa bdo. Id ndi trQ In, tranh bao cDa ngQdi ddn. Vung ven biln can thyc hidn gidi phdp cdng trinh trong dd ed xdy dung de b i l n ngdn XNM. Ding thdi, quy hoach Igi cac vung phat triln KT-XH, thay doi dien tfch dat sdn xult, cdy trong cung nhU cd eau mDa vy eho phu hpp. Ngodi ra, vide ndng eao ;/ thde vd trach nhiem eua cac cd quan qudn ly vd ngUdi dan trong v i n de giam thilu tac ddng cung nhu Qng ph6 vdi BDKH r i t quan trgng.•
3 8 Tdi nguygn vd Mdi truong | Ky 2-Thing 4/2017
