HT i i i t M ia NAM TRANR LAP BAO HIEM XA HOI VIET NAM
VM Tft6 COA CHfoH sAcH BAO Hi^m xk HOI.
eAo Hdm v T^ O6I V6I AH smH XA H^I COA OAT nkic
du hieu mpt each chung nhat, ASXH la sg bao ve ciia xa hoi ddi vdi nhQng thanh vien ciia minh, bang mot logt cac bien phap cong cpng, khac phgc sg h i n g hgt ve kinh te va xa hdi do bi ma't hoac bj giam dot ngpt nguon thu nhap vi dm dau, thai san, tai nan lao dong va benh nghe nghiep, that nghiep, tan tat, tudi gia, k l ca sU bao ve cham sdc y te va Cham sdc gia dinh cd con nho thi he thdng BHXH giO vai tro trg cot, ben vQng nhat. Phat trien BHXH se la tien de va dieu kien de thgc hi§n tdt c i c chi'nh sach ASXH, gop phan phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua dat nUdc. Ket qua da duqc tong ket qua 15 nam, ke tQ ngay thanh lap BHXH Viet Nam (1995).
ThQ trudng, Tdng Giam ddc BHXH Vi§t Nam, dng L§ Bgch Hdng da t r i ldi phong v i n ciia Tgp chf Lao ddng va Xa hoi xoay quanh nhQng v i n dd niy.
Xin dng cho biet, vai tro ciia chinh sdeh BHXH, BHYT doi vdi ASXH thehi$n d nhOhg m$t ndo?
B i n chat ciia BHXH la sQ bao d i m bu d i p mpt phan hoac thay thd thu nhap ciia ngudi lao dpng khi bi giam hoac mat thu nhap do dm dau, thai s i n , tai ngn lao dpng, benh nghe nghiep, that nghiep, h i t tudi lao ddng hoac chet tren cd sd dong gdp vao Quy BHXH do Nha nude td chQc thgc hien. He thdng BHXH se d i m b i o quyen Iqi cho ngUdi lao dpng tren cd sd dong gdp ciia ngudi lao dpng va ngudi sQ dgng lao dpng. Theo phQdng thQc dd thi ngudi lao dpng phii CO ddng gdp thi mdi dQpc quydn hudng iqi tQ chfnh sieh nay.
Con mdi quan he giQa mQc ddng v i quydn Iqi duqc hudng Igi ehju sg ring buoc cua cac nguyen t i c eg thd nhu cdng ddng chia sh the hi$n 6 chfnh sieh BHYT, tai ngn lao ddng, dm dau..., nguyen t i c
tUdng quan giQa ddng va hudng cd sg can thiep nhd cieh thQc phan phdi mang tinh xa hpi.
Tren cd sd dd, vai tro cua chi'nh sach BHXH, BHYT ddi vdi ASXH the hien d 4 mat. Thd nhat, thgc hien chfnh sach BHXH, BHYT nham dn djnh cupc sdng ngudi lao ddng, trp giup hp khi gap phai nhQng rui ro bat thudng de sdm trd lai trang thai sQc khoe ban dau cung nhu sdm c6 viec lam. ThCl hai, thgc hien tdt chfnh sach BHXH, BHYT nhat la che dp hUu trf gdp phan dn dinh cupc sdng cua ngudi lao dpng khi het tudi lao dpng hoac khong cdn kha nang lao dong. Thd ba, thgc hien chfnh sach BHXH, BHYT gop phan dn djnh va nang cao chat igqng lao dpng, dam bao sg binh dang ve vj the xa hpi cCia nggdi lao dpng trong cac thanh phan kinh te khac nhau, thiic d i y s i n xuat phat then. Thd tU, BHXH, BHYT la mpt cdng cg dac lUc ciia Nha nude, gdp phan vao viec phan phdi lai thu nhap qudc dan mpt each cdng b i n g , hpp ly giOa cac tang Idp d i n cU, dong thdi, giam chi cho ngan sach Nha nude, b i o dam ASXH ben vQng.
Qua 15 nam thi/c hi$n, xin ong phde hga mgt vai net ve thanh tuu ca ban cua BHXH Vi?t Nam?
Vdi chQc nang, nhiem vu dUdc giao va can cQ quy dinh cua phap luat ve BHXH, BHYT, thdi gian qua, BHXH Viet Nam da tfch cQc td chQc trien khai thUc hien cac chfnh sach nay va dat dUOc nhQng ket qua chii ydu nhu sau:
Md rdng ddi tupng tham gia BHXH, BHYT va bao hiem that nghiep. Cg the, nam 1996 ddi tuqng tham gia la 2,85 trieu ngUdi thi dg kidn hdt nam 2009 se dat gan 9 trieu ngUdi (tang hdn 3 lan so vdi nam 1995 va dgt khoang 80% sd thupc ddi tupng phai tham gia), binh quan mdi nam sd tham gia BHXH
Thii: trudng, Tong Gidm doc Le Bgch Hong
mdi tang tren 400 nghin ngUdi, dd la chua tfnh trong 15 nam da cd gan 3 trieu ngUdi da nghi hau, nghi viec hudng mpt lan. Vdi logi hinh mdi nhu BHXH tg nguyen, b i t d i u thgc hien tQ dau nam 2008 nen chi mdi CO khoang g i n 50 nghin ngudi tham gia. Cdn ve BHYT, nam d i u tien thgc hien (1993) mdi chf c6 3,79 trieu ngUdi tham gia (chig'm 5,4% dan sd), de'n nam 1998 khi he thdng BHYT dUpc td chQc, quan ly theo he thong nganh dpe thi da tang len 9,74 trieu ngudi (chiem 12,7% dan sd) va nam 2003 (sau khi sap nhap ve BHXH Viet Nam), sd tham gia la 16,4 trieu ngUdi (chiem 20,5% dan so), trong dd tham gia bao hiem y te tg nguyen la 5,03 trieu ngUdi. TQ dd den nay, sd ngUdi tham gia BHYT tSng nhanh qua tQng nam, den cudi nam 2008 da cd 39,7 trieu ngudi tham, chiem 45,5% dan sd, trong dd tham gia bao hiem y te tg nguyen la 10,69 trieu ngudi. DQ tfnh den het nam 2009 cd khoang gan 47 trieu ngudi tham gia bao hiem y te, dat khoang 55% dan sd c i nUdc. Rieng ve bao hiem thit nghiep, dUdc thgc hien tQ 01/01/2009 ddi vdi ddi tupng dang
L B & X l l - So 375 (ta 16-31/01/2010)
KY NIEM 15 NAM T I A N I LAP IAO IIEM XA I I I «ici HAM tham gia bao hiem bat budc m i cd
giao kdt hpp ddng lao ddng hien, BHXH Viat Nam da chuin bj day dil didu kien v i hau hdt da lap day du danh sach tham gia.
Trong nhQng nam qua, BHXH da t i p trung va i p dgng nhieu bien p h i p td chQc thgc hien nen ve cd ban cdng t i c thu BHXH, BHYT d i m bao duqc thuan tien, tuy thupc v i o logi hinh, logi ddi tupng tham gia. Nam 1996, thu v i o quy l i 2.569 ty ddng, nam 2008 l i 30.939 ty ddng (tang hdn 10 lan so vdi nam 1995), Udc thgc hien nSm 2009 sd thu BHXH dgt tren 33.700 ty ddng. Ddi vdi thu BHYT, nam 1993, dupe 114 ty ddng, ddn nam 1998 l i 695 ty ddng va nam 2008 dgt 9.608 ty ddng, gdc nam 2009 dgt khoing 11.600 ty ddng.
Vd chi c i c chd dp BHXH, da g i i i quydt mdi cho gan 1,2 trieu ngudi hudng c i c chd dp hang t h i n g va g i n 30 trieu lUpt ngudi hudng trp c i p dm dau, thai s i n , ngh? dudng sQc. Ngoai ra, thgc hien g i i i quydt chd dp BHXH cho tren 55.000 trUdng hpp cdn tdn dpng vd hudng cac chd dp BHXH ciia trudc nam 1995; Thgc hien g i i i quyet hudng tidp, hudng Igi trq cap m i t sQc lao dpng theo quy djnh ciia phap luat sau khi hdt hgn hudng ttieo quy dinh cho tren 150.000 ngudi; Can cQ quy djnh cua Chfnh phu ve didu chinh lUdng hUu, trp c i p h i n g thang, tQ nam 1995 den 2009, hau hdt c i c nam ddu thgc hien didu chfnh cho sd ngudi dang hudng lUdng hUu, trq cap BHXH, binh quan moi lan didu chfnh cho khoing 2 tri§u ngudi.
Mdi thang, toan nganh da thgc hien chi t r i igpng hgu, trp cap hang thang cho khoing 2 trieu ngudi (nam 2008 chi tra cho 2,2 trieu ngudi) v i h i n g nam chi t r i cho h i n g tram n g i n lupt nggdi hgdng hgdng trd cap BHXH mpt lan (nam 2008 chi t r i cho g i n 400 nghin ngudi hudng trp cap mpt l i n v i g i n 3,5 trieu luqt ngudi hudng chd dp dm dau, thai s i n , trp cap dudng sQc, phgc hdi sQc khde). Sd tien chi t r i BHXH moi nam len den h i n g chgc nghin ty ddng.
Trong cdng t i c chi BHYT da cd sg phdi hpp chat che trong thgc
hien kham, chQa benh v i quy dinh cg thd vd tgm Qng, thanh t o i n chi phf k h i m , chQa benh BHYT. Sd iQpt nggdi k h i m , chQa benh tang nhanh qua c i c nam: Nam 2005 cd 37 trieu luqt ngudi; nam 2006 la 65 trieu luqt ngUdi (tSng 75% so vdi nam 2005); nam 2007 tren 75 trieu iQdt nggdi (tang 15% so vdi ndm 2006) v i nam 2008 tren 86 trieu lUdt nggdi k h i m , chQa benh b i o hiem y td (so vdi nam 2005 da tang 132%). Sd tien chi kham chQa benh tQOng Qng nhQng nam dd cung tang d i n g ke, nhU nam 2008 Quy BHYT da chi 10.393 ty ddng, tang 28% so vdi nam 2007 va gap hdn 3 lan so vdi nam 2005, Udc chi nam 2009 l i 14.612 ty.
The con nhufng khd khdn, thdch thvfc va nhufng kien nghi cua BHXH Vl$t Nam, thua ong?
Tren thgc te, viec thgc hien chinh sach BHXH, BHYT hien v i n cdn mpt sd khd khan, hgn che.
Cg the, nhidu van b i n hudng d i n thgc hien chua kjp thdi, ddng bd, chfnh s i e h quy djnh qua phQc tgp, khd thgc hien (vi dg nhU fTnh vgc BHYT cd 2 mQc ddng nhQng cd tdi 6 nhdm ddi tQpng va 25 mQc hgdng lam cho viec thanh t o i n BHYT rat phQc tgp, khd khan, vQa tdn kem nhan cdng vQa phien h i cho ngudi benh); mpt sd npi dung chua rd rang, cg thd v i chga kip thdi sQa doi, bd sung cho phu hdp vdi quy djnh ciia luat, g i y nhieu bQc xuc, t h i c m i c ; Cdng t i c tuy§n truyen chua s i u rpng, phong phu nen chua thuyet phgc dgdc ddi tupng tg g i i c tham gia;
y thQc chap h i n h p h i p luat ciia mdt sd chu sQ dgng lao ddng chua tdt, b i n than ngudi lao dpng lai chua thgc sg hieu hdt quydn ldi v i t r i c h nhiem khi tham gia BHXH, BHYT d i n den viec phat tnen ddi tupng cham; Che t i i xQ phgt vi phgm chua dii manh, sg phdi hpp giQa c i c cd quan lien quan chUa chat che nen d i n ddn tinh trgng c h i m ddng, nq dqng k h i phd bidn vdi sd tidn Idn, quy BHYT chua b i o d i m c i n ddi thu chi. Hien nay, mdi nam quy BHYT tliam hut 1.000 - 1.500 ty ddng, nguyen n h i n chfnh l i do quyen Iqi ciia ngudi tham gia cao hdn nghTa vg ddng gdp, vf dg.
mQc ddng BHYT 1 nam cua m$t ngudi k h o i n g 300.000 ddng nhung cd thd di k h i m chOa b$nh nhidu lan trong nam va mdi l i n k h i m chQa benh dQpc thanh t o i n tdi da k h o i n g 25 triSu ddng.
Nhu v i y thi quy khd c i n ddi thu - chi. Chfnh sach chd dd ddi vdi CBCCVC nganh BHXH cdn bit hpp ly, chua du sQc thu hut ngudi gidi vd iam viae. Didu dang iQu y la, mac du ddi tuqng tham gia BHXH b i t budc ngay mdt tSng, nhung so vdi ddi tuqng thudc dien b i t budc thi cdn r i t tha'p ma khdng xac dinh duqc sd lao ddng p h i i tham gia theo l u i t djnh.
N g o i i ra, mQc iQdng ddng BHXH t h i p hdn nhidu so vdi mQc lUdng thgc nhgn.
Dd nghj c i c bd chQc ning sdm ban h i n h c i c v i n b i n hgdng d i n thgc hien mpt sd quy djnh cdn chga rd va cd nhilu vudng mac trong thgc hi^n bio hiem xa hdi b i t budc, b i o hilm xa hpi tg nguydn v i b i o hilm t h i t nghiep. B i n cgnh dd, cin cg the hoa v i quy djnh rd trich nhiem ddi vdi c i c cd quan quin ly r j h i nUdc, c i c n g i n h cd liSn quan trong viec phdi hqp, kilm tra, giam sat, p h i t hidn v i xir ly cac vi pham vd thgc h i i n chi'nh sach BHXH, BHYT; ddng thdi c i i each thu tgc, trinh tg xQ phgt sao cho ddn g i i n , t h u i n tidn v i hi$u q u i . N i n g mQc phgt v i bd sung hinh thQc truy td trudc phap lu§t ddi vdi c i c h i n h vi vi phgm phip l u i t vd BHXH.
N g o i i ra, dd thu hut dQdc nhidu ddi tuqng tham gia BHXH tg nguyen, dd nghi c i c bd, nginh, chfnh quydn dja phUdng, td chifc d o i n the c i c c i p theo chQc nSng ciia minh, phdi hpp vdi BHXH Vi$t Nam td chQc tdt cdng t i c tuyfin truydn, v i n ddng ngUdi d i n tham gia BHXH tg nguydn vdi mgc tiSu on djnh ddi sdng n h i n d i n , thgc hidn tdt chfnh s i e h an sinh xa hdi cua D i n g v i N h i nUdc; ddng thdi nghien cQu chfnh s i e h h6 trp cua N h i nude vdi_ quy BHXH tg nguyen hoac hd trp mOt sd ddi tupng khd khan nhg nggdi nghio, nggdi can nghio... dd hp cd khi nang tham gia BHXH tg nguy0n.
PV.
