TAI G H J N H - N G A N HANG-BAO HIEM
VON TlT CO CUA NHTM VIET NAM - GIAI PHAP TANG VON TlJ CO CUA NGAN HANG THlJCfNG MAI
TRONG THCfl GIAN TOfi
• VO TH! BfCH HAO
TOM TAT:
Tdng vdn dieu Id dang la mdt trong nhffng va'n dd Idn dat ra ddi v6i cac ngan hang Viet Nam.
Tang vdn khdng chi khien ngan hang thffdng mai cd them dieu kien md rong tin dung, hd trd tang trffdng kinh td', ma cdn dap ffng ydu cau td't ye'u, dd la: nang eao nang lffc lai chinh, dam bao he sdtai ehinh dieo chuan mffc qudc te' nhff Basel II, cung nhff cdc cam ke't thffdng mai Idn khde trong bdi cdnh ngdnh Ngdn hang hdi nhdp ngay cang sau rdng. Bai vie't nay phan tich thffe trang va dl xud't giai phdp tang vd'n dieu le ciia cac ngdn hang thffdng mai trong thdi gian tdi.
Tijf khda: Tdng vd'n tff cd, ngdn hang thtfdng mai, tai cd'u triic tai ehinb eiia ngdn hang thtfdng mai.
1. Thtfc tr^ng vd'n ttf cd tai NHTM Viet Nam
1.1. ThUc trang vd'n tu cd
Tinh den ngay 31/5/2018, vd'n tff cd cua khd'i ngan hang thffdng mai (NHTM) nha nffde, dtfa tren bdo cao cdn dd'i tai khoan ke' toan, bao cao thdng ke thang 5/2018 ciia NHNN eho biet, vd'n tif cd cua khd'i NHTM nha ntfdc cd sd' tuyet dd'i la 252.472 ty ddng, so vdi cud'i ndm 2017 giam 0,86%. Trong khi dd, khd'i NHTM cd phan cd tdng vdn ttf ed la 315 340 ty ddng, tdc dd tang trffdng la 8,50%.
Ly giai ve td'c dp lang trffdng dm 0,86% ciia vdn tff cd tai khd'i ngdn hang thffdng mai nha nffdc, vi Idnh dao Ngan hang Nha nffdc (NHNN) cho biet, do khd'i NHTM nhd nffdc hien nay ngoai Agribank, Vietinbank, Vietcombank, BIDV thi gdn ddy con "gdnh" them 3 ngdn hang "0 dong":
CB, GPBank, Oceanbank. "Agribank,
Vietcombank, VietinBank, BIDV hien rd't khd khdn trong viec tang vd'n, chffa ke mdt sd ngdn hang tren trong cdc nam trffdc phat hanh trai phie'u tang vd'n cap 2 nen theo Thdng tff 36 stfa ddi, mdi nam trtf 20% ph^n trdi phidu dai ban da phdt hanh do td chffc tin dung (TCTD) khde ndm giff, ddn de'n td'c dd tang trffdng vd'n tff cd dm "
NHNN quy dinh mdi ca'u phan tinh vdn cd'p 2 bang viec loai trtf phan nd thtf ca'p do TCTD khde phat hanh. Bien phdp ndy theo thj trtfdng danh gia se khie'n cae TCTD khdng thd mua cdng eu nd do TCTD khac phdt bdnh, nhdm ldm tang vd'n ao cho nhtfng ben lien quan tham gia mua ban.
Nhtfng trtfdng hdp tdng vd'n cd'p 2 theo each nay nay khdng dtfdc tinh vao se can nhanh chdng bd sung them dd dam bao he sd'CAR td'i thieu 9%.
Ciing vdi dd, he sd'riii ro khi tinh CAR do'i vdi mdt so' khoan muc ciing cd thay ddi nhff cac khoan phai ddi TCTD, ehi nhdnb ngdn bdng nffdc
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TAP CHi CONG THlfdNG
ngodi khac tff 20% len 50%, de dam bao tinh niinh bach trong vide cho vay Idn nhau giffa cac TCTD hay tdi san cd la trai phie'u do DATC phat bdnh cd he so' riii ro 20%, thay vi 0% trffdc do.
Nam 2019, va'n dd tang vd'n se la ap Itfc ra't Idn ddi vdi cac ngdn hdng khi Thdng ttf so' 41/2016/TT-NHNN quy dinh ve ty Id an loan vd'n dd'i vdi ngdn hang va chi nhanh ngan hang nffdc ngodi vdi nhtfng yeu cau khat khe hdn theo chuan Basel 2 se chinh thtfc ed hieu ltfc vdo dau ndm 2020,
Vi the', vao nhffng ngay cud'i thdng 4/2019, dai hoi cd ddng (DHCD) ciia 3 "dng Idn " ngan hdng Chffdng mai cd vd'n nha nffdc, Id: Vietcombank, VietinBank vd BIDV da didn ra va ddu nhd'n manh tdi nhu cau tang vdn.
Cu the, DHCD cua BIDV da thdng nha't tiep tue thffc hien Cdng vd'n theo ke hoach ndm 2018 da trinh NHNN, tdng ngudn tang vd'n ddu Id la 9.541 ty ddng thdng qua viec: phat banh co phie'u mdi, phdt hanh cho nhd dau tff chie'n Iffdc nffdc ngoai, phat hanh co phie'u cho ngffdi lao ddng...
Cdn tai VietinBank, lanh dao ngan hang nay cho rang, ndm 2019, ke'hoach tang vd'n tff ed eiia ngdn hdng Id ndi dung rd't cd'p bach. Do dd, DHCD ngan hang nay da thdng qua 2 phtfdng an la chia toan bd cd ttfc ndm 2018 bang cd phie'u vdi ty le 8,03% (tffdng dffdng 2.990 ty ddng) va de lai loan bd ldi nhudn (gan 2.997 Cy ddng) dd tang vd'n dieu Id.
Tffdng tff, HDQT Vietcombank cQng eho bie't se tdng vd'n thdng qua 2 ddt; ttf do vd'n dieu Id ciia ngdn hdng nay se tang len mtfc 55.299 ty ddng, tffdng dffdng tdng 49,1% so vdi hien tai.
Thdi gian thffc hien dff kie'n trong giai doan 2019-2020, sau khi thffc hien phat hanh co phie'u tang vdn.
1.2. Muc dich tdng vo'n
Mdt trong nhtfng muc dich chu ye'u ciia viec tang vd'n ciia cdc NHTM cd vd'n ciia nha nffdc dffdc cho la de dap tfng ty le vd'n an todn td'i thieu (CAR) vd'n da tut giam xud'ng gan cham ngffdng hien hdnh Id 9%. Neu theo tidu chuan Basel II thi cang can phai ndng vd'n len thdm chi ga'p ddi hien nay mdi dat tieu chud'n. Tang vd'n cijng la de md rdng pham vi tang trffdng tin dung bdi ban mtfc tin dung ciia ca ngdn hang ndi chung vd ciia ngdn hang eho tffng khach hdng
ndi rieng phu thudc trffdc he't vdo mtfc dp vd'n IiT cd ciia ngdn hang.
Tuy nhien, nhffng ly do tren mdi chi la xuat phat ttf gdc dp ciia ttfng NHTM. O gdc dp quan ly nha ntfdc, NHNN nen/ean budc eac NHTM co vd'n nha ntfdc phai tdng ctfdng vd'n ttf cd eiia hp, nham muc dich dam bao an toan he thd'ng.
Cu the, vdi ttf each Id nhffng ngan hdng cd tam quan trpng mang tinh chie'n Iffdc, cae NHTM co vd'n nha nffdc khdng chi Id mdt cdng cu ehinh sach thdng qua dd NHNN didu tie't hoat ddng cua he thdng ngan hang thffdng mai, ma con ddng vai trd la be dd giam sd'c cho he tho'ng mdi khi phai dd'i mat vdi cac eii sd'c bdn trong vd bdn ngodi.
Chuyen NHNN "buy ddng" mdt sd NHTM cd vdn nhd nffdc tham gia tai ed ca'u ede ngan hang ydu kem la mdt minh chtfng rd eho vai trd quan trpng nay ciia cdc ngan hang ndi tren. Nhtfng bai hoc sd'ng dpng tff cac cudc khiing hoang tai ehinh tr6n the' gidi dffdc cham ngdi bdi sff do vd eiia mdt ngan hang Idn cho tha'y tam quan trpng cua viec budc cac ngdn hang Idn phai ludn duy tri trang thai vd'n lanh manh dd chd'ng dd dffdc vdi cdc bat on va riii ro tin dung md khdng keo theo sff do vd ciia ca he thd'ng.
1.3. Trd ngqi tdng vd'n
Phffdng phap tdng vd'n dau tidn cho NHTM cd vd'n Nha nffdc Id thay ddi cd cd'u sd htfu cd ddng.
Hien tai, Nhd nffde la cd ddng chi phd'i cua 3 NHTM cd vd'n Nhd nffdc da co phan hoa la Vietcombank, Vietinbank va BIDV. Theo each nay, Nhd nffdc cd the giam ty Id sd hffu hoac thoai vd'n nam gitf trong 2 ngan hang la BIDV vii Vietcombank (theo quy dinh hien hanh) cho cac CO ddng hien htfu hoac cd ddng mdi thdng qua cdc ddt phdt hanh co phid'u tang vd'n cho nhd dau ti(
(gdm nha dau ttf ntfdc ngoai) vd/hodc cho cdng chung. Tuy nhien, each ndy dang va'p phai trd ngai la nhffng quy dinh cua NHNN, gdm tieu chuan ltfa chon nba dtu ttf, gia ban, thdi han nim gitf td'i thidu vd trdn sd htfu ntfdc ngodi.
NHTM cd vd'n nha ntfdc vdi nha ntfdc la cd ddng chi phd'i edn cd mot each tang vd'n dtfdng nhien la Nba ntfdc bd sung vd'n ttf ngan sach, song song vdi viee bd vdn ttfdng tfng eua eacco ddng edn lai. Tuy nhien, each nay va'p phdi trcl ngai la Qud'c hdi khdng ddng y cho Chinh phii dung ngan sach nhd ntfdc de tang vdn didu IS cho cdc NHTM cd vdn nhd nffdc, va khdng dtfa nhu
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TAI CHINH-NGAN HANG-BAD HIEM
clu bd sung vd'n cho cdc NHTM cd vd'n nha ntfdc vdo danh muc ddu ttf cdng trung ban.
Mdt cdch tang von phd bie'n khac la gitf lai ldi nhuan (khdng trd cd ttfc) dd bo sung vd'n, nhtfng ' each nay ciing khdng dtfdc chd'p nhan khi Chinh phii kien quye't ydu cau cdc NHTM cd vd'n nba nffdc phai era cd tffc bang lien mat (cd the vdi Iy ' do cdng thing ngdn sdch nhd nffdc)
^' 2. Giai phap tang vo'n ttf cd 2.1. Giaiphdp cda NHTM Viet Nam ' Tdng vdn dieu li: Cae NHTM ehii ddng de
xuat vdi NHNN vd phffdng an tdng vd'n dieu le
•^ cho cac NHTM Nba nffdc chffa cd phIn boa; phdt ' lidnh cd phie'u dd'i vdi cdc NHTM Nhd nffdc nam
cd phan chi phd'i va cdc NHTM c6 phln.
• Tdng ty le lOi nhudn giU Iqi: Ne'u nhff ldi nhudn I' dd lai ciia cdc NHTM Viet Nam cd thd dap tfng
dffdc nhu ciu gia tang vd'n tff cd ciia minh thi ddy chinh Id ngudn bd sung vd'n td't nha't, vi cbinb ngan hang cd the ehii ddng ihdc hien ma khdng can phu thudc vdo ye'u td'ben ngoai. Theo thdng IS qud'c td'thi ty le tdng trffdng tdi san phai tffdng ling vdi ty Id tdng trffdng vd'n Iff cd, do dd phan ii ldi nhudn de lai dffdc coi Id ty Id tang trffdng bdn vu'ng ciia ngdn bang. De gia tang khoan Idi nhudn giff lai sau phdn phd'i, can thay doi cbinb sach r phdn phd'i ldi nhudn theo hffdng tang ty le Idi t nhudn giff lai, gidm ty le chia ed ttfc.
Ndng cao khd ndng sinh ldi: Ndng lffc tdi chinh khdng chi the hidn d quy md vd'n tff cd, ly IS an todn vdn ma cdn phdn ndo thd hidn kha nang sinh ldi thdng qua cac chi sd': Ty Id thu nhdp '• tren vd'n chu sd htfu; Ty Id thu nhap ff-dn tdng tai san. De nang cao kha nang smh ldi, vd cd bdn cln tap trung tdng thu nhdp, giam chi phi.
Tdng thu nhdp: Phdt tridn dich vu tin dung di doi vdi phat trien dich vu phi tin dung bien phap hffu hieu de tang doanh thu. Tiiy vao thtfc te', mdi NHTM cln cd nhffng bien phdp cu the va ddng bd de tang ctfdng cdng tdc quan tri riii ro tin dung, nang cao chat Iffdng cdng tdc tham dinh, kidm tra sau cho vay nham giam ty Id nd xa^u.
Gidm chi phi: Dd gia tdng ldi nhuan, tdng vdn hi cd, ben canh nd lffc tang doanh thu tbi nd lffc giam chi phi la mdt khau quan trpng. Do dd, dn phai cd bien phdp kidm soat chat che chi phi. Xdy dffng tieu chi cu the cho viee ghi nhdn nhffng ehi phi hdp ly phat sinh. Can ed phffdng an phdn bd chi phi eu the cho ttfng nghidp vu, tffng bp phdn
de theo ddi ddnh gid kd't qua hoat ddng, qua dd tim bidn phdp giam thieu chi phi bode loai bo nhtfng ehi phi khdng mang lai gia tri gia tang.
2.2. Giaiphdp tii Chinh phd vd NHNN Thiinhdt, Chinh phii chi dao NHNN va Bd Tdi chinh chd'p thudn cho cae NHTM nhd nffdc dffdc cdn dd'i va quye't dinh viec stf dung ngudn cd ttfc cdc nam dd tang vd'n cho nam sau qua hinh thtfc chi tra cd ttfc bang cd phie'u tiiy thudc vao nang ltfc tdi cbinb va dieu kien cua ngan bang.
Thd hai, Cbinb phii cho phep cac NHTMNN stf dung ngudn thang dtf do giam ty Id sd htfu ciia Nhd ntfdc ttf ban dau ttf tai chinh, ban chie'n Itfdc de tam tfng cbi tra cd ttfc bang cd phie'u de tdng vd'n.
Thii ba, ban thdn cdc NHTMNN cdn tdng cffdng quan ly riii ro dd giam dffdc chi phi dff phdng riii ro Id khoan muc chi phi ra't Idn trong boat ddng kmh doanh, dong thdi can thtfe hien tie't kidm triet de ehi phi quan Iy nhd't la cdc khoan chi le tan, khanh tiet.
Thd tu, ddi vdi eac NHTMNN gap khd khan ve vo'n tff cd, Chinh phu chi dao NHNN hodn thidn dd dn ndng cao ndng Iffc tdi ehinh tdng the ciia khd'i NHTMNN, qua dd xac dinh cu thd ke' hoach. Id trinh tang vd'n dd'i vdi khd'i NHTMNN vd dd'i vdi ttfng ngdn hdng.
Thii ndm, Chinh phii day manh thtfc bien cd phdn hda vd giam bdt ty Id sd htfu ciia Nhd ntfdc tai cdc NHTMNN, hien dang d ratfc 65-95% Giai phap tang vd'n qua bdn cd phdn cho nha dau ttf chidn Itfdc nffdc ngoai rd't cd Idi, do nha ddu tff nffdc ngodi cd tidm lffc tai chinh manh vd nhieu kinh nghidm quan ly. Mac dil vay, viec lffa chpn nha dau tff chie'n Itfdc ntfdc ngodi cdn phu thudc vdo dieu kien rieng ttfng ngdn hang, didu kien thi trffdng vd chinh sach cua Chinh phii.
Thd sdu, Chinh phu chi dao cac cd quan nha nffdc tao didu kien eho cdc ngan bdng trien khai phffdng an phdt hdnh co phdn ra cdng chung, trong do ed ddng nhd nffdc ndu khdng du ngudn lffc thi cd the tff chd'i quyen mua. Khi do cdc ngan hang se chii ddng tim kid'm nha ddu tff va cd ddng nhd le de bdn cd phdn, phdt hdnh co phdn ffu ddi cho ngffdi lao ddng de tang vd'n. Giai phdp nay cbi thuan ldi khi cd ddng hidn hffu cd sffc manh tai ehinb vd khdng mud'n giam ty Id sd htfu, trong dieu kien tbi trffdng chtfng khodn on dinh vd phdt trien thudn ldi •
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TAP GHi CONG THlTtfNG
TAI U E U THAM KHAO:
1. http //cajef.vn/bang-xep-hang-cac-ngan-liang'da-lhay-doi-the-nao-4-nam-qua 2. Quyet dmh so 843/QD-Trg ngdy 31/5/2013 ciia ThU tUdng Chinh phu.
3. Nguyin Thu Hien - Tqp chi Khoa hoc vd Ddo tqo ngdn hdng, sd 152,153. Quynh Hoa - Ludn dn tie'n sT- Tdi cdu irdc he ihd'ng ngdn hdng Viet Nam, TrUdng Dai hgc Kinh leTP. Hd Chi Minh.
4. Nguyin Thj Tlianh Huang - Kinh ti Phdt triin sd278 thdng 5 nam 2015, trang 17-26.
Ngay nh§n bai: 22/4/2019
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va su'a chffa: 2/5/2019 Ngay chd'p nh$n dang bai: 12/5/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
VU THJ BICH HAO Khoa Tai chinh Ngan hang
Trtft^ng Dgi hpc Kinh td'Ky thuat cdng nghiep
THE EQUITY OF VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS - SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE THE EQUITY OF VIETNAMESE
COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE COMING TIME
• VU THI BICH HAO Faculty of Banking - Finance University ot Economics - Technology for Industries
ABSTRACT:
Increasing the charter capital is one of the big problems for Vietnamese banks. Increasing the charter capital not only makes commercial banks have more conditions to expand their credit and support the countrys economic grou'th but also meet the essential requtfement of improvmg the financial capacity, ensurmg dieir financial ratios in line with national standards and intemational standards such as Basel II as well as other major trade commitments in the context of Vietnamese banking industrys intemational integration process. This article analyzes how Vietnameses banks raise their capital.
Keywords: Increasing the equity, commercial banks, financial restmcturing of commercial banks.
2 1 6 So 10-Thdng 5/2019
