Tang CLFang vai tro cua khu v y c kinh te tiF nhan hu'O'ng to'i phat trien kinh te xa hoi b i n vOng tai Australia
PGS.TS. NGUYEN THU THUY*
Th.s. DAO MINH A N H "
Th.S. LE THi PHUONG DUNG"
Bdi viet ndy tap trung ddnh gid vai tro quan trgng ciia khu vue kinh te tu nhdn Australia tren mot so khia cgnh: Dong gop eho nen kinh te. dong gop cho cong dong vd phdt trien xd hoi. Tren ca s& do. nhom tdc gid nghien cuv cdc chinh sdch. lieu chi vd md hinh dang duac dp dung tgi Australia de tdng cu&ng vai tro cita khu vuc kinh te fu nhdn hu&ng t&i phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi ben vung. tir do chi ra mgt so ggi y chinh sdch vd bdi hgc kinh nghiem.
Tir khda: Khu vuc kinh te tu nhdn. chinh sdch phdt trien. phdt trien ben vCmg, trdch nhiem xd hgi doanh nghiep
1. Vai trd cua khu vyc kinh te t u nhan Trong ndn kinh te hdn hgp hidn dai ciia Australia, vai trd quan trgng hang ddu ciia khu vyc kinh Id tu nhan Id tao ra thu nhdp trong khi vai trd quan trgng nhdt cua khu \uc kinh Id nha nudc la phan phdi lai thu nhdp. Ndi each khac, khu vyc kinh td lu nhan san xudl hang hda va djch vu dd ban trdn thj trudng trong khi khu vyc kinh Id nha nudc phan phdi lai hang hda va dich vu nay, bao gom cd \ idc su dung chiing dd cung cdp hang hda cdng cdng - nhQng hang hda ma ndn kinh id thj trudng khdng Ihd hodc khong cung cdp VI nhidu ly do. Cung cd nhieu Irudng hgp chinh phu sd hiru va didu hanh doanh nehidp (vi du nhu Buu didn Australia va Ngan hang Medibank). Tuy nhidn. xu hudng trong nhirng ndm gan day la chinh phii chuydn dan
•.".•"Trirdng D^i hpc Ngoai Ihuwng H^ Noi
Nhuvg vin di KINH Tt VA CHJNH TR! THt Gldl S6 5(205) 2013
nhimg doanh nghidp nbu vdy cho khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn va tap trung vao cdng vide quan trpng cLia chinh phii - tai phdn phdi thu nbdp va cung cap hang hda cdng cdng.
De ddnh gid vai lrd cua khu vyc kinh id lu nhdn Irong vide phal tridn kinh td - xa hdi bdn vung lai Australia, bai vidt nay lap trung vao viec xem xet cdc lidu cbi tbd hidn ddng gdp ciia khu vyc nay vdo nen kinb td, cung nhu vao vide ndng cao chal lugng ddi sdng \a hdi.
/. /. Ddi v&i nen kinh te
Di danh gid vai trd ciia khu vyc kinh te tu nhdn ddi vdi ndn kinh id Australia, cd the sir dung 2 chi lieu co ban: Ddng gdp ciia kbu vyc kinh Id tu nhdn vdo ldng khdi lugng gia trj gia ldng ciia ndn kinh te, va ddng gdp ciia khu vyc kinh Id tu nhan vao ngan sach thud va ngdn sach khac.
29
Tang cudng vai lrd cua khu virc Nguy§n Thu Thuy - Dao Minh Anh - Le Thi Phuo-ng Dung
i) Ddng gdp vdo tdng khdi luang gid tn gia tdng cua nen kinh te
Trong giai doan 2010 - 2011, Iheo tinh loan cLia Tdng cue Thdng kd Australia thi khu vyc kinh Id tu nhan da ddng gdp tdi 85% tdng gia Irj gia tdng ciia nen kinh Id Australia. Trong dd, khoang 4,5% la ddng gdp ciia cac id chirc tu nhan phi lgi nhudn va cdn lai la ciia cdc doanh nghidp theo dudi Igi nhudn. Gia trj gia tdng cd thd dugc chia thanh 2 thanh phdn: thu nhap lir lao dpng va thu nhdp tir cac ydu id san xudl kbdc. Theo Tdng cue Thdng kd Australia, khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn chidm ldi 79% thu nhdp lir lao dpng vd 9 3 % thu nhdp tir cdc ydu td san xudl khac,
Dya tren cac sd lieu thdng kd ndy cd thd thdy, khu vyc kinh te tu nbdn la dau lau Ihiic ddy tdng Irudng kinh Id, tao ra phan ldn gia tri gia tdng cho ndn kinh td Australia. Ddc biet, ndu
xet trdn khia canh ddng gdp ciia 2 khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn va kinh id nhd nudc vdo ndn kinh le irong lung nganh cu ihd ihi thdy la khu vyc kinh te nhd nudc ddng gdp nhidu ban vao mgl sd ngdnh cd lidn quan ddn djch vu xa hdi nhu nganh giao due ddo tao, y te hay quan ly cdng. Tuy nhidn, khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn ihdng irj va ddng gdp phdn Idn gia tri gia tdng cua tdt cd cac nganh cdn lai.
Dieu ddc biel id Irong khu vyc kinh le lu nhan Australia, cac doanb nghidp vira va nhd phal tridn kha nang ddng. Theo thdng ke, ban mgl nira ddng gdp vdo gia trj gia tdng qudc gia ddn lir cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd.
Cdc doanb nghidp vira va nhd ddng gdp ldi 8 3 % gid trj gia ldng cua nganh ndng, lam. ngu nghidp, 40% gid trj gia tdng ciia cac nganh djch vu, 19% Irong ngdnh chd lao va 9% trong nganh khai khoang.
Hinh I: Tong gid tri gia tSng phan theo nganh va ITnh vyc, giai doan 2010 - 2011 Dtm vi: Tv do la Australia
..III
J Gia tn gia ling dong gop biTi khu virc kinh It- lir nhan I Gia trj gia tang dong gop boi khu v\rc kinh tC nha niroc
.\gNnn: Tiing cue Thong ke Australia - ABS
30 - Nhimg van dS KINH T 6 VA CHiNH TR! THt Gldl So 5(205) 2013
jjguyin Thu Thtiy - Bao Minh Arth - Le Th| Phugng Dung Tang cugng vai tro cua khu vijc..
Bang I: OAng gop vJo gia trj gia tSng ctia nganh theo quy mo doanh nghiep giai doan 2009 - 2010 Do-n vi: trieu ddla Australia Nganh
Nong, Iam, ngu nghiep Khai khoang Che tao Dich vu
Quy mo doanh n Nho (0 -
19 lao dong)
16.919 7.976 18.482 250.632
Vira (20 - 199 lao
dong)
2.986 15.368 28.314 140.167
•hiep L6"n (tren 200 lao dong)
506 64.463 50.013 236.421
Tong
20.411 87.807 96.809 627.220
% dong gop vao gia tri gia tang ctia doanh nghiep vira
va nh<) 82,9%
9,1%
19.1%
400%
Nguon: Tong cue Thong ke Australia - ABS.
ii) Tgo nguon ihu tu thue vd cdc ngudn thu khdc cho nhd nu&c
Trong ndn kinh te Australia, trir nhirng khodn thu ciia Chinh phu tir boat ddng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghidp nhd nudc va lai sudl ciia cdc khoan ddu lu d nudc ngodi, tdt cd cdc khodn cbi cho boat ddng ciia khu vyc nba nudc ddu dya trdn ddng gdp ciia khu vyc kinh le lu nhan. Cdc sd lieu thdng ke cho thay, 9 1 % hoat ddng cdng (bao gdm cd cac boat dgng cua chinh quydn bang) dugc cap vdn lir ngudn thud thu tir khu vyc kinh Id lu nhan. Cu tbd ban, khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn ddng gdp
phii Australia, bao gdm thud thu nhap doanh nghidp, thud thu nhap ca nhan lam vide trong khu vuc kinh td lu nhdn, ihud lgi nhudn bidn, phu cap huu tri. Tuy nhidn, cung cdn luu y mgl diem la loan bd thud danh Irdn thu nhdp ca nhan lam vide Irong khu vyc kinh le nhd nude (12% ngdn sach thue) thyc ra cung la ddng gdp ciia khu vyc kinh te tu nbdn vi quy tidn luong tra cbo can bd cdng nhan vidn nhd nudc dya trdn ngudn thud ciia khu vyc kinh td tu nhan. Nhu vay, cd thd khang dinb, khu vyc kinh id tu nban ddng gdp gan nhu 100% ngdn sach Ibud va lao ngudn thu chii ydu cho Chinh phii Australia boat dgng.
Iryc lidp tdi 8 7 % ngdn sach thud ciia Chinh
Hinh 2: Ddng gdp vao ngan sach thud ciia Australia theo khu vyc liinh te giai doan 2010 - 2011
m^^^^^
Nguon: Bdo cdo Ngdn sdch qudc gia
Thu^ Ihu nhap ca nhan khu vi/c kmh le t i / nhan Thue Ihu nhgp ca nhan khu vi/c kmh l4 Nha nu'O'C
T h u ^ Ipi nhuan bien khu vi/c kinh t4 lu nhan Thu4 Iqri nhuan bien khu vi/c kmh t^ Nha Ni/c-c Thue ihu nhap doanh nghiep khu vi/c kmh te . t y j j h a n
Thue thu nhap doanh nghiep khu vi/c kmh te TJha nu-oc
ithue cho Ihue xdng d^u
Quv hu'u In cho nhSn vien khu vi/c t<"~'i te NhanLToc
Guy hLfu tri cho nhan vien khu vi/c kmh le
\u- nhdn
Nhung vin de KINH Tt V A CHJNH TRj T H ^ GlCfl S6 5(205) 2013 -
Tang cudng vai lrd cua khu vuc. Nguyen Thu Thiiy - Dao Minh Anh - Le Thj Phyang Dung
1.2. Doi v&ixd luVt vd cdng dong Bdn canh nhung ddng gdp quan trgng vdo viec phal tridn kinh td, tao ra gia tri gia tdng va ngudn thu cho ngdn sach nha nudc, khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn Australia cdn cd vai lrd ddng ke trong vi?c phat tridn ddi sdng xa hdi. Dieu nay thd hidn qua cdc chi lidu vd tao cdng an viec lam va dao tao lyc lugng lao ddng, vd thyc bidn trach nhidm xa hdi vdi cdng ddng va vd vide tham gia cdc chuang irinh cong ddng theo sang kidn ciia chinh phii va cac nha lai trg.
i) Tgo cong dn viec ldm cho xd hoi vd ddo tgo luc lugng lao dgjig co lay nghe cao
Lao dpng ludn ludn la nhdn id ihen chdl cho qua trinh sdn xudt, chju trdch nhiem lao ra gdn mgl nira gia tri gia tdng. Da sd lao ddng lam vide irong khu vyc kinb id lu nhan - chidm ldi 83% tdng sd lao dgng ciia Australia Irong nam
2011. Khodng 8% lao ddng lam viec trong khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn phi lgi nhuan. cdn lai la Irong khu vyc doanh nghidp vi Igi nhudn. Nhu vdy, khu vyc doanh nghiep sdn xudl kinh doanh vi lgi nhudn hidn dang su dung khoang 3/4 nhdn cdng - tuong duong vdi 8.6 trieu ngudi vao lban§ 6 ndm 2011.
Ty Id sir dung lao ddng trong khu vye kinh id lu nhan Auslralia dd ldng ben vimg len tren 75% kd tir giira nhimg ndm 1980. Vide chuydn lao ddng lir kbu vyc kinb td nha nudc sang khu vyc kinh Id tu nhan gan vdi sy ldng Irudng manh me ciia thu nbdp binh qudn ddu ngudi trong ciing thdi ky (.xem Hinh 3). Dieu nay chimg id rang khu vyc kinh td tu nhan Auslralia dat dugc hidu qud sir dung lao dgng cao hon so vdi khu vyc kinh id nha nudc, gdp phan cai ihien dang ke mirc sdng cua ngudi ddn Auslralia trong giai doan vira qua.
Hinh 3: Ty le sir dung lao dgng trong khu vyc kinh te tu nhan ( Vo) vd thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi thyc tc (do la Australia) giai doan 1985 - 2011
198S 1990 1995 ZOOO ZOO
Thu nhdp binh quan dau ngudi Ihyc id
^^M Ty Id sir dung lao ddng ciia khu vyc kinh te tu nhdn Nguon: Tong cue Thong ke Australia - ABS.
32 •- Nhirng van di KINH Tt VA CHlNH TR! T H 6 GIOI S6 5(205) 2013
N g u y e n T h u T h u y - D a o M i n h A n h - Le T h j P h u a n g D u n g Tang c u d n g vai trd cua khu vuc . Bdn canh d d , cdn nhdn manh vai t r d cua cac
doanh nghidp v u a va nhd t r o n g vide lao ra vide l a m . T h e o T d n g cue T h d n g ke A u s l r a l i a nam 2 0 1 0 , c d k h o a n g 7 0 % lao d g n g d u g c tuydn d u n g t r o n g cac doanh nghidp vira vd nhd vd lap i r u n g c h u y d u vdo cdc ngdnh nghe n d n g , l a m , n g u nghidp ( 8 5 , 7 % lao d d n g ) , cdc nganh d i c h vu ( 4 7 , 6 % lao d d n g ) , chd tao ( 3 0 , 2 % lao ddng) va khai k h o a n g ( 1 3 , 9 % ) .
La k h u v y c k i n h td sir d u n g nhidu lao d g n g , khu v y c k i n h Id t u nhan c i i n g d i dau I r o n g vide phat irien cdc boat d g n g giao due vd dao lao l y c l u g n g lao d d n g cd lay nghd cao cho ndn k i n h id.
T r o n g 2 ndm 2001 va 2 0 0 2 , cdc doanh nghidp l u nhdn A u s t r a l i a da lap t r u n g cho vide ddo tao va phal tridn ngudn nhdn l y c : 9 8 % cac doanh nghi?p l d n , 7 0 % cae doanh n g h i d p c d vira va khoang 3 0 % cac doanh nghidp c a nhd t r i d n khai cac c h u a n g t r i n h dao lao m g l each cd he i h d n g cho nhdn v i d n t r o n g qud I r i n h lam vide ( T d n g cyc T h d n g ke A u s l r a l i a , 2 0 0 3 ) . H o n thd nira, vi?c h g p tdc giu:a cac doanh nghiep t u nhdn vd cac I d chirc ddo tao la hdt sire chat che. T a i A u s t r a l i a , h? t h d n g g i d o due vd ddo tao nghd ( V o c a t i o n a l education and t r a i n i n g - V E T ) c h j u Irdch n h i d m dao lao lao d d n g theo y d u edu cua doanh n g h i d p , bao g d m ca cac c h u a n g i r i n h hgc nghd va t h y c lap lai doanh nghiep cho lyc l u g n g lao d d n g trd (apprenticeships and traineesbips).
li) Thuc hien trdch nhiem xd hgi cita cdc doanh nghiep trong khu vuc kinh te tu nhdn
T r a c h n h i e m xa hdi ( C o r p o r a t e Social R e s p o n s i b i l i t y - C S R ) d a n g la m d t t r o n g n h i m g de tai d u g c quan t a m nhat b d i cdc nha qudn trj doanh nghidp c u n g n h u cdc nha n g h i d n ciru.
K h a i n i d m nay d u g c hoan n g h e n h b d i cd 3 n b d m khac n h a u : C h i n h p h i i , cdc I d chirc phi chinh p h u ( N G O s ) lir cdc i d chirc lir thidn cho ddn cac hi?p h g i c d n g ngbiep qudc g i a vd qudc i d , va b d i c b i n h c g n g d d n g k i n h d o a n h . ddc bidt la cac tap doan l d n . K h u v y c k i n h td l u nhdn A u s l r a l i a t h a m gia t i c h c y c vao cac boat d g n g trach n h i d m xd h g i v i nhidu l y do m a n g l i n h
khach quan (nang cao danh l i e n g ciia doanb nghiep vd quan irj Ihucmg h i d u , nhu cdu cdi thidn quan he v d i cac ben lien quan trong qua t r i n h k i n h d o a n h , m o n g m u d n thai chat quan he v d i C h i n h p h i i ) vd c i i n g nham h u d n g Igi tir nhirng anh h u d n g l i c h c y c ciia cac boal ddng m a n g l i n h Irach n h i e m xa hdi cua doanh nghiep ddn d d n g c a lam vide, c a m k d l va sy i r u n g thanh ciia nhan v i d n I r o n g qua i r i n h Idm \ i d c lai doanh nghidp.
N a m 2 0 0 0 , m g l nghidn ciru t h y c hien bdi T r u n g tdm N g h i d n ciru cdc vdn dd cdng d d n g va H g i d d n g k i n b doanh A u s t r a l i a da chi ra rang, k h o a n g mdt nira cac doanh nghidp ldn cua A u s l r a l i a da c d cac chinb sach lidn quan den van dd ciia c d n g d d n g , trdch nhidm xa hdi vd cam kdt v d i c d n g d d n g . N a m 2 0 0 1 , C r o n i n va Zappala l i e n hanh m g l cudc dieu Ira 100 doanh nghiep hang ddu cua A u s l r a l i a tbdy rang. 7 0 % i r o n g sd nay cd c h i n h sach tham gia cac boat d g n g v i c d n g d d n g hoac trach nhidm xa h d i . C d n g l y K i d m loan K P M G c u n g da tidn hanh d i d u tra l y Id cac doanh nghidp t h y c hidn Bao cao phal trien bdn vCrng o A u s t r a l i a va trdn toan ihd g i d i . K d l qua cho thdy, t r o n g sd 500 cdng l y bang ddu d A u s l r a l i a , chi cd 6 c d n g l y thyc hidn loai bao cao nay nam 1995, con sd nay da l d n g ldn 65 cdng l y ( c h i d m 13% l d n g sd doanh nghidp d i d u tra) ndm 2000 vd 199 (chidm 2 4 % l d n g sd doanh ngbiep d i d u tra) nam 2005. C o n sd nay tuy chua phai la cao so v d i cac nudc phal Iridn khac n h u n g da the hidn x u hudng lich c y c ciia khu v y c k i n h id t u nbdn Auslralia trong vide thyc hidn cac cam kdl trach nhidm xa h d i . T i r d d ddn nay, sd l u g n g cac doanh nghidp d Auslralia thd hidn cam kdl irach nhidm \ d i cgng d d n g , xa hdi va m d i t r u d n g k h d n g n g i m g ldng ldn.
Ho trg tdi chinh la h i n h thirc i r u y e n thdng va phd bidn nhat ihd hidn trach n h i d m xd hdi ciia doanh nghidp. Bao cao ciia U y ban cdp cao Q u d c hdi A u s l r a l i a vd chii de " N u d c A u s t r a l i a quyen g d p : n g h i d n ciru vd b o a l d d n g lir ihidn lai A u s t r a l i a " dd cho thdy, l u g n g lidn quydn gdp
Nhuvg vin di KINH Tt VA CHJNH TRj THt GIQI So 5(205) 2013 - 33
T5ng cudng vai trd cua khu vi/c. Nguyen Thu Thuy - Qao Minh Anh - Le Thi Phu^yng Durig^
ciia cdc doanh nghiep Australia trong giai doan 2003 - 2004 da gdp ddi giai doan 2000 - 2001.
Hon 525.000 doanb nghidp, chiem ldi 67% tdng sd cac id chuc kinh doanh da quyen gdp ldi 3,3 ty dd la Auslralia bdng lidn mat, hang hda vd dich vu trong giai doan 2003 - 2004.
Nghidn cim ciia Cronin va Zappala (2001) cho thdy, 100% cdc doanh nghidp dugc didu tra (59 doanh nghidp) ddu quydn gdp ldi chinh cho cac id chirc phi Igi nhuan. 86% trong sd nay cung Ihyc hidn cac ddng gdp bdng dich vu hoac hien vdt cho cac id chirc phi Igi nhuan. 50% cac doanh nghiep da iing bg ban 500.000 dd la Australia trong ndm ldi cbinb irudc dd. Cdc ITnh vyc nhdn dugc nhidu hd irg lai chinh Id chdm sdc Ire em, dich vu cdng ddng, vdn hda nghd ihual, mdi irudng vd nghidn ciru y td. Bdn canh dd, mql hinh thirc nang cao ciia vide hd trg lai chinh la vide thidt lap cdc quan he ddi lac dai ban giira doanh nghidp va cac lo chirc phi chinh phii. 90% cac doanh nghidp dugc didu tra da phat tridn quan he ddi tdc vdi mgl hodc nhidu cac Id chuc phi lgi nhudn trong thai gian tir mdt ndm cho tdi 20, 30 ndm. Tuy nhien, vide phat trien cdc quan he ddi lac nay vdn cdn mdi me va thudng gidi ban d cdc hinb thirc trach nhidm xa hdi truydn thdng nhu hd trg tidn hodc hidn vat.
Day la mdt xu hudng dugc ghi nhan trong nhidu nghien ciru vd trdch nhidm xa bgi tai Uc.
Hogt dgng tinh nguyen eiia nhdn vien trong cac chuang trinh trach nhidm xa hdi hay vi cdng ddng cung the hidn r5 rang nhu'ng ddng gdp ciia cac doanh nghidp ddi vdi viec phal tridn xa hdi. Cung theo nghidn ciru ciia Cronin va Zappala, cdc doanh nghidp dugc dieu tra da the hidn mirc do ho trg cao cac boat ddng linb nguydn ciia nhdn vidn ( 6 1 % cac doanh nghiep cd cac chinh sdch tao didu kidn cho boat ddng ndy) vd hdu hdl deu truydn thdng cac chinh sdch cam kdl xd hgi tdi nhan vidn. Cac boat ddng tinh nguydn ciia nhan vidn van chua dugc chinh thuc hda, va cd the dugc linh vao gid tra luang hodc gid nghi khdng lucmg trong doanh nghiep.
Tuy hdu hdl cac doanb nghi?p ddu cd mgl so hinh thirc thudng cho vi?c Iham gia boat dgng linh nguydn cua nhan vien, rdt il cdng ly chii irgng ddn chinh sach Ihudng cho ddi lugng cdn bd quan ly kbi tham gia cdc boat dgng vi cgng ddng hoac cac ban quan ly cua cac id chirc phi lgi nhudn.
2. Chinh sdch ciia Australia doi vol ph^t trien kinh te tu nhan
Chinh phu Australia Ihyc hidn va duy tri cdc chinh sach kinh id xa hdi phii hgp nhdm khuydn khich khu vyc tu nhdn, dd vd dang giup cho nen kinh td Australia tdng trudng kha ben viing trong thdi gian qua.
2.1. Chinh sdch tdi khda
Auslralia thyc bien chinh sach tha ndi ly gia hdi doai, chinh sdch tidn te ddc lap va mgt ca cdu tai chinh trung ban. Cac chinh sach nay da giup dat cae muc lieu lai chinh ciia qudc gia nhu thdng du ngdn sach trung ban (bao gdm vide duy tri ty le gia tdng chi lieu thyc d mirc trung binh 2 %/ ndm, cho ddn khi thdng du bdng it nhdl 1% GDP vd trong liic ndn kinh id dang tang trudng bang hoac cao hon chieu hudng thj trudng), ndng cao gia iri lai sdn rdng cua Chinh phii trong thai ky trung ban.
Chinh phii Australia cimg cd sire manh, sy dn dinh va kha nang canh tranh cua he thdng tai chinh ciia minh bdng cdch thyc hidn cdc tidu chudn ly Id dy tru vdn va Ihanh loan Basel 111, gia lang sd du ciia cac quy huu bong, va bdo dam cung cap lin dung vdi gia hgp ly cho cdc khoan dau tu cd hidu qud va mang lai nhidu lya chgn cbo ngudi lidu thu.
Cac chinh sdch ciia Australia gdp phdn hd irg phat tridn mgl thj trudng trai phidu doanh nghidp trong nudc sdu rdng va cd tinh luu ddng cao bdng each long ghep cac nghia vu cdng bd thdng tin thj trudng trong nganh thj trudng trai phidu doanh nghidp ban Id va gidm chi phi giao djch ma vdn duy tri bdo hg d mirc cao cho cdc nha ddu tu ban Ie. Chinh phii cung cung cdp
34. - Nhung vin di KINH Tt VA CHINH TRj THt Gl6r| S6 5(205) 2013
Nguyen T h u Thuy - P a o Minh A n h - Le Thj P h u g n g Dung Tang c u d n g vai trd cua khu vyc...
mdt mirc gia chudn rd rang ban ddi vdi cac trai phidu doanh nghidp Auslralia bdng each cho phep chirng khodn chinh phu Lidn bang duac mua ban trdn sdn chimg khoan.
2.2. Chi'nh sdch gido due vd ddo tgo nghe Chinh phii Australia da rat nd lyc trong vide cai lhi?n ndn giao due mdm non, ddi mdi va phal tridn cac trudng hgc, trudng dai hgc vd loan bg he thdng dao tao ciia Auslralia, lam cac ndn ldng virng chdc cho vide xay dyng ndng lyc, cai thidn nang sudl vd lang cudng cac kdl ndi vdi cac qudc gia khdc, ddc bidt la chau A. Chinh phii chii Irgng vide gia lang mirc do iham gia cua cdc nhdm hidn dang il dugc dai didn trong lyc lugng lao dgng. bao gdm thdng qua gido due vd dao tao, nudi day trd, nghi phep cd lucmg cho cha me mdi cd con, cdc dich vu ve vide lam va giup dd cbo ngudi cao ludi ciia Australia, dd cd thdm nhidu ngudi Australia cd thd hudng lgi tir he thdng phiic Igi xd hgi. Thdng qua Dao lual Vide ldm edng bang ndm 2009, Chinh phu Auslralia lidp lyc gdp phdn ihiic ddy vide xdy dyng mgl vdn hda lao dgng tich cyc, trong dd gidi chii, ngudi lao ddng va cdng doan hgp tac vi sy cai thidn Mdn luc va gia lang nang sudl.
2.3. Chinh .sdch ve ca sir hit tdng Dau tu vdo CO sd ha ldng sc hd trg tinh hinh thuong mai vd dau tu dang ngay cdng gia tdng cua Australia vdi cac nudc irong khu vyc.
Chinh sach Australia dam bao cac kdl ndi va boat ddng sau day:
- Thong qua Bd phu trach Co sd ha tdng.
phdi hgp vdi cdc lidu bang va vung lanh tbd, khu vyc lu nhan va cac hgc vidn xd> dyng mdt chidn lugc qudc gia ddi ban ve co sd ha ldng, irong dd ehu trgng ddn vide quy hoach hdnh lang, niang ludi tai phan xuydn sudt vd cac dy an mang y nghla cdp qudc gia.
- Phdi bgp cimg cae lidu bang \ a vimg lanh thd nhdm tdng cudng sy tham gia ciia khu \ y c lu nhan trong cdc dy dn ha tang mdi, bao gdm vide voa hd rao can ddi \di cac nha ddu tu
tham gia tai trg cho ITnh vyc ha ldng, xem xel cac each thirc khac nhau dd day nhanh \iec hoan thanb cdc dy an ha lang nay.
- Td chirc cdc didn dan nbu Hdi ddng ihudng tryc vd Giao thdng va Ha lang de hd irg cac tidu bang Ihyc hidn lot trach nhidm cua minh trong vide cdi Ihien mdi inrdng va chal lugng cudc sdng ddn cu d cac kbu vyc Irdn lodn nudc Auslralia
- Xay dyng mang bang ihdng rdng qudc gia (Nalional Broadband Network - NBN) cho phep cac doanb nghidp va cac bd gia dinh ciia Auslralia lidn hanh thdm nhidu boat dgng cua minh theo phuong thirc tryc luyen va su dung dich vu vd tinh khdng ddy. Du kidn ddn nam 2021, Auslralia se hoan thidn he thdng bdng thdng rdng ldc do cao dugc phii sdng tdi 93%
cac CO sd vdi ldc do I gigabit/gidy. Ddng thdi, chinh phli Australia cung chii irgng \idc trai rdng mang bang thdng rdng qudc gia nay de tbuc day thuang mai ky thudt sd cung nhu tdng cudng cac mdi lidn ket ihuong mai va kinh te vdl chau A vd cac nudc khac irdn thd gidi.
2.4. Chinh .sdch vd he thong thue Chinh saeh va he thdng thud cua Auslralia mang linh hieu qua va cdng bang, khuydn khich
\ iec ddu lu lidn luc cua loan bd khu vyc kinh td tu nhan, kich thich sy Iham gia ngay mot ldn han vdo lyc lugng lao ddng, ddng thdi mang lai cac ngudn thu bdn vimg dd ho trg sy phdt iridn kinh le va dap irng cac nhu cau xa hdi.
He thdng thud ludn dugc Chinh phu Australia dam bao dd bd trg cac doanh nghidp ddu lu va thich img nbdm tan dung cac ca bdi mdi, bao gdm cac bidn phap nhu cho phep cdc cdng ty chuydn thu lo sang cac nam irudc va cd cac thoa ihuan, dan .\dp vd thud khda dan gian han cbo cac doanh nghidp nho. chang ban. \idc khdu trir ngay lire tbi cbo cdc t.ii san cd gia In dudi 56.500 dd la Australia.
He thdng ihud, chuydn nhugng va huu bdng cua Auslralia dam bao khuydn khich dugc
Nhuvg vin di KINH Tt VA CHJNH TRj THt GIOI So 5(205) 2013 35
Teing cudng vai lrd cua khu viyc. Nguyen Thu Thuy - pao Minh Anh - Le Thj Phuang Dung
nhimg ngudl dan Australia, ddc bidt la nhirng ngudi cao ludi, tham gia vao lyc lugng lao ddng va dugc tiep can vdi mgl chuan myc sinh boat tdi thidu khi nghi huu. Mdi day nhai la vide Australia ndng nguong mien ihue ihu nhdp ldn mirc ldi thidu la 21.000 dd la Australia, nhd dd cd them nhidu ngudi ddn Australia khdng phdi nop td khai hoan ihue \ a tang cudng sy tham gia ciia ngudi ddn vdo thj Irudng lao ddng.
2.5. Vdn de cdi cdch lugt le
Chinh phu Auslralia da va dang lidn hanh cai id sdu rdng sau ITnh \ yc uu tien nham giiip doanh ngbiep cat giam chi phi. ndng cao ndng sudl va gia ldng linh canh tranh ciia doanh nghidp. Chinb phu Lien bang ciing vdi cac lidu bang, lanh Ihd vd doanh nghiep da ky kel, ihyc hidn ban Thda ihudn Nang sual quoc gia nhdm tidp luc cai Id van de dieu liel nhd nudc va canh tranh.
Auslralia da lich cuc gidm bdl gdnh ndng bao cao cho doanh nghidp bang cdch loai bd cac phdn bao cao triing lap vd gia ldng su dung bao cao kinb doanh true tuydn. Thdng qua cac Hdi ddng dja phuong (COAG) va Id chirc Dien dan Tu van doanh nghidp. Australia chii trgng ap dung cdc phuang phdp lidp can dya trdn riii ro \a thi hanh cai cdch doanb nghidp. giiip nang cao bidu qua boat ddng cua khu vyc kinb Id tu nhan.
2.6. Chinh sdch mdi irtrifiig hen vung Ndn kinh td Auslralia va cac tai san Ihidn nhidn dugc quan ly mgl cdch bdn virng nham bao dam phiic lgi cho cac ihd he luong lai ciia Auslralia. Auslralia se giam phat khi thai hang ndm it nhat la 5% so vdi mirc nam 2000; va vdi ldc do dd, ddn nam 2050. nudc Auslralia chdc chdn se cd ngudn nang lugng sach dd su dung, vdi lugng khi thai gidm 80% so vdi mirc ndm 2000.
Auslralia ddi muc tidu tro ihdnh qudc gia hdng ddu ihd gidi trong vide thyc hidn cdc phuang phap sdn \ual, chd bien thyc phdm, su- dung nang lugng va nudc khdng gay ldc hai cho mdi irudng Vi ihd, Auslralia cung vdi nhirng no lye qudc id. tndl dd thue hidn cbinh sach
"Nang lugng sach cho tuang lai" nham giam cudng do kbi thai \'a khi nha kinh tuyet ddi;
khai Ihac nhung ngudn ndng Iirgng sach va tham gta he ihdng mau djch kbi thai cdc-bon qudc le. Muc lidu cua Australia den nam 2020 la sir dung ngudn ndng lugng lai tao dd cung cap 20% dien ndng trdn lodn qudc. Auslralia ciing da va dang phdn dau de lrd thdnh qudc gia dimg dau trdn the gidi trong vide nghidn ciru va phdt trien ky ihual nang lugng mat irdi, thuang mai boa va khai Ihdc cdng nghd va hidu suat nang lugng.
3. Mot so mo hinh va tieu chuan quoc te dugc Australia ap dung de tdng cudng vai tro ciia khu vuc kinh te tu nhan nham huong tdi phat trien ben virng
Khi khai nidm vd phal Iridn bdn vung dugc chap nhan Irdn todn thd gidi, xu hudng vd viec bao cao nhirng boat ddng phuc vu cbo sy phal trien ben vu^ng ciia cac doanh nghidp, tap dodn va hiep bdi ra ddi. Trudc ddy, vide bao cao vd cae hoat ddng nay chi tdn lai dudi dang "Bao cao kinh id, sinh thai va xa hdi" ("Triple bollom line reporting") tbi bdy gid dd dugc cdng nhdn vd lrd Ihanh "Bao cao Phal tridn bdn virng".
Vide ra ddi bdo cao phdt iridn ben virng la mot budc lidn Irong \ idc ddnh gia vd thuc day nhtrng ddng gdp nhidu mat cua cdc doanh nghidp ndi rieng vd khu vyc kinh Id lu nhdn ndi chung.
Budc dau tidn trong qud trinh thyc hidn cac boat ddng phal tridn ben vung la vide doanh nghiep ihd hidn cam kdt ciia minh mgl each ly nguydn vdi cac boat ddng kinb doanh dao dire vi cdng ddng. Lidn hgp qudc da phdt Iridn 10 quy lac banh dgng vdi tdn ggi "Thoa Ihuan loan cau"
(Global Compact) dugc khuydn khich dp dung cho tdt ca cac doanh nghidp nhdm xiic lidn vide ho irg va bao \d quydn con ngudi, idn irgng quydn lam vide, irdch nhidm mdi iruimg va chdng Iham nhung Hidn nay. cd 3.700 thanh vidn ddng ky ihyc hidn thda thuan nay, irong dd cd 20 doanh nghidp \ a id chirc ciia Auslralia.
36 - NhQ'ng van di KINH Tt VA CHlNH TRj THt GIOI So 5(205) 2013
N g u y e n Thu Thuy - P a o Minh Anh - Le Thj Phunyng Dung Tang c u d n g vai trd cua khu v y c ,
Bdm canh vide tuan thii quy djnh phdp ly \d phal iridn ben vCrng, cac lieu chudn qudc te cung dugc Chinh phu Australia khuydn khich doanh nghidp dp dung nhdm tdng cudng vai trd ciia khu vyc kinb id lu nhan trong vide phal tridn kinh id - xa hdi. Mdt sd md hinh vd lieu chuan qudc Id dugc su dung rdng rai tai Auslralia bao gdm:
3.1. Bp tieu chudn ISO 14.000 vd ISO 26.000
Bd Tidu chudn qudc id ISO 14.000 cung cap lieu chudn co ban cbo cdc td chirc irong vide xae djnh va kidm sodt cac cdc ddng mdi trudng lir boat dgng, san pham hay djch vu ciia hg va cai thidn lidn tuc hidu qua mdi irudng, ciing nhu ihyc hidn cdc lidp can be thdng cho vide ddi ra cdc myc lidu vd mdi Irudng, dd dat dugc cac muc lidu ndy va the hien rdng hg da dat dugc chiing.
Bdn canh dd, bd lidu chuan ISO 26000 dugc phal Iridn vdo ndm 2010 cung cap hudng dan nhidu horn la cac lieu chuan bdl huge, va khdng diing dd cap chirng chi cho cac td chirc nhu cac bd tidu chuan khac. Thay vao dd, Bd Tidu chuan 1S(") 26000 giup lam rd trach nhiem xa hgi la gi, vd giiip cac doanh nghidp cung nhu id chirc chuyen nhung quy lac ihanh banh ddng ihidt thyc vd cimg chia sd nhung kinh nghidm tdt lidn quan ddn irach nhidm xa hgi irdn pham vi loan cdu. Bg Tieu chuan nay la kdl qua qua trinh lam vide 5 nam ciia cac dai didn Chinb phii, id chirc phi chinh phii, cdc nganh cdng nghidp, cac nhdm dai didn khach hang vd cac id chirc nghidp doan tren thd gidi dd dai dugc sy ddng thuan qudc Id.
3.2. Sdng kien Bdo cdo tifdn cdu (Global Reporting Initiative - GRI)
Vdn ban hudng dan vd \idc thyc hidn Bao cao Bdn vOng dugc cdng nhan rdng rai nhat trdn loan cdu chinh la Bd hudng dan bdo cao GRI bao gdm bdo cao sinh thdi, bdo cao trdch nhidm
\ a hgi nidi truimg, bdo cdo kinh td. sinh thdi vd
xa hdi va bdo cao trach nhidm \ a hdi doanh nghidp. Muc dich ra ddi cua bg hudng dan nay la bidn vide Bao cao Phal tridn bdn vimg iro ndn phd bidn nhu bdo cdo tai chinh, lam ca sa ma dudng cho cdc td chirc. doanb nghidp danh gid nhtrng ddng gdp ciing nhu lac dgng ciia hg idi ngudn ldi nguydn thidn nhien. xd bdi vd kinh to loan cdu. Hidn nay, cd ldi bon 5 1 % cac bdo cao phat iridn bdn virng tai Australia ap dung Bg Hudng ddn GRI nay.
3.3. Md hinh 'Whom dien hinh London"
(Lonilon Bench/narking Group-LBG)
Dugc ap dung cho 200 doanh nghidp thanb vidn Irdn loan the gidi trong dd cd 51 doanh nghidp a Australia va New Zealand, md hinh nay cung cdp chi ddn ve nhii'ng npi dung cdn cd cOng nhu each ihirc do luirng vd danh gia nhimg ddng gdp ddu lu ciia doanh nghiep mang lai lgi ieh cgng ddng. Md hinh nay dugc xdy dyng dya irdn nhu'ng nguydn nhdn khidn doanh nghidp thyc hidn cdc boat dgng vi cdng ddng Ba nguydn nhdn chinh dugc xdc djnh bao gdm: i) Tbd bidn dao dire va irach nhiem xd hpi; ii) Nidm tin rang doanh nghidp cd lgi ich dai han lir vide ddng gdp vao sy phal tridn cua mgl xd hgi ihjnh vutmg; iii) Tham gia vao boal ddng \\
cdng ddng mang lai nhirng lgi ich tryc tidp cho boat ddng kinh doanh cua doanh nghidp.
Md hinh nay cho phep doanh nghidp danh gia dugc ldng ddu tu vi. cdng ddng ciia minh thdng qua vide sir dung cac djnh nghTa \a ddnh gia lidu chuan, lir dd thyc hidn vide bdo cao hidu qua vd so sanh vdi cac doanh nghidp khac.
Trong nam 2012, cac tbanh \idn LBG tai Australia vd New Zealand bdo cao ddng gdp ciia hg bao gdm: 204 trieu dd la quydn gdp vi cgng ddng, tuang duang vdi 354 dd la ddng gdp irdn mdi nhan vien'; 43.000 nhdn vidn ddng
So liiin iiiiy chicm 0.41 % KTI nhuan inrtic Ihuc \ a 0.07%
tiing doiinh thu cua cac llianh \ icn.
Nhung vin di KINH Tt VA CHINH TRI T H £ G l d l So 5(205) 2013 - 37
Tang cudng vai lrd cua khu vyc. Nguyen Thu Thuy - Pao Minh Anh - Le Thj Phu'c-ng^uj}!.
gdp 703.000 gid linb nguyen dugc tra luong bai doanh ngbiep thdnh vidn; va 117 iridu dd la chi cbo viec ho irg ddng gdp cua bdn ihu ba.
3.4. Chi sd Trdch nhiem doanh nghiep (Corporate Responsibility Index-CRI)
Chi sd Trach nhiCMn doanii nghiep (CRl) la mgl cdng cy quan trj cbo phep doanh nghiep do ludng, qudn ly. bdo cdo mdt each hidu qua va tir dd cai ihidn nhtmg anh hudng ciia hp ldi xa hgi va mdi Irudng. Khung Tidu chudn ciia CRl dugc phal irien bdi Id chirc lii' thidn Business in the Communiiy a Anh nam 2002 Irong qua irinh hgp tac vdi cac td chirc kinh doanb. Ddn nay, CRl da dugc dp dung a 113 doanb nghiep thanb vidn lodn cau va d 21 ihanh vidn lai Australia vd New Zealand. Nam 2010, dya irdn vide danh gia didm ciia doanb nghiep. EnergyAuslralia.
Pricewatcr Coopers vd ABC dugc xdp hang la ba doanh nghidp dimg dau vd chi sd Irach nhidm doanh nghidp.
3.5. Mt') hinh Phdt trien hen vung - gid tri lau ddi (Enduring Value Sitstiunithle Development Framework)
Gid tri lau ddi (enduring value) la khung lidu chuan \d phal tridn bdn virng ciia ngdnh cdng nghidp md Australia, cung cdp hudng dan \d \ii}c dp dung cac quy lac phat tridn bdn vQ-ng ciia Hdi ddng Qudc id vd khai thdc mo va kim loai (Inlernalional Council on Mining and Metals ICMM). Bg lidu chuan nay ra ddi dya trdn Quy lac ciia nganh md Auslralia
\d quan ly mdi trudng nham lao ca sd cho
\idc cai thidn cac van dd mdi trudng. Myc dich ap dung bd lieu chudn nay la nhdm ho irg ngdnh mo boat ddng theo each hda hgp vdi mong dgi ciia cdng ddng, tdi da bda Igi ich ciia xa hdi trong \idc quan iri hidu qua ngudn tdi ngu)cn thidn nhidn Auslralia. Trong tai lieu hudng dan thyc hidn. ICMM da phal tridn va cdng bd mudi quy lac va cdc ydu id hd trg
\ iec ap dung Gia trj lau dai.
3.6. Md hinh Bdo cdo Phdt trien hen virng (Sustaittahility Reporting Framework)
Khung Bao cao \d phat tndn bdn vung dugc phat tridn bdi Hiep bgi qudc id vd ddu \ a kbi ga (International Association o\' Oil and Gas Producers - IPIECA) cung cdp chi dan cho cac doanh nghidp trong nganh vd \idc thyc bidn va bao cao cac boat ddng \ i mdi irucmg. sire khde, an lodn \ a xa hgi. Ben canh ban hudng ddn ddu lien dugc xudl ban nam 2005, IPIECA dd hgp tac vdi Vidn Xdng ddu My (American Petroleum Institute) va Hiep hdi cdc nba san xuat xang va ddu qudc id (International Oil and Gas Producers Association) dd phal hdnh ban hudng dan sira ddi nam 2010. Ban hudng dan nam 2010 cung cap thdm nhidu hudng ddn vc quy trinh cam kdl bao gdm cac budc bao cao, lap trung vao vide danh gia cac vdn dd "vdl chat" vd cac chi lidu ky thudt can cai ihidn khi bao cao hieu qua boat ddng phal Iridn bdn virng.
Khung Bdo cdo vd phdt tridn bdn virng nay dd dugc dp dyng cho nhidu doanh nghidp va hiep hdi xdng dau iren loan Ihd gidi trong nam 2011 v a 2 0 I 2 .
Bdn canh vide dp dyng ciic md hinh va lidu chudn qudc Id. ciing cd nhung bd hudng dan vd bao cao phdt Irien bdn vu"ng dugc phat iridn danh ridng cho doanh nghidp Auslralia. Bd Mdi Irudng va Di san (nay la Bd Mdi tnrdng, Nudc, Di san vd Nghd thuat) da phat hdnb cudn Cain nang "Bao cdo mdi inrdng, xa hdi va kinh id d Auslralia - hudng dan vice bdo cdo cdc chi sd mdi trudng" tbang 6/2003. Nhdm 100 giam ddc lai chinh ciia cac doanb nghidp Ion lai Australia cung phat hanh cudn "Phal iridn ben virng - hudng dan thyc bidn bao cao indi trudng, xa hdi vd kinh id" Td chuc phi chinh phu Standards Auslralia cung cung cdp cho cdc td chirc. doanh nghiep ldi lieu "Qudn trj kinb doanh AS 8000", irong dd dua ra nhirng tidu chuan cho vide Ihidl lap. thyc hidn vd duy iri cdc chuong trinh trach nhiem .\d hdi doanh nghidp
38 - NhQng van dS KINH Tt VA CHlNH TR! T H £ GIOI So 5(205) 2013
Nguyen Thu Thuy - Dao Minh Anh - Le Thj Phiwyng Pung Tang cudng vai trd ciia khu vi/c.
4. Ket luan va goi y chi'nh sach
Khu vyc kinh id tu nhdn Auslralia khdng chi ddng gdp hidu qua vao sy phal tridn kinh Id ctia qudc gia ma cdn cd vai trd quan trgng trong vide phal tridn bdn viJng xd bdi. Bdn canh viec 1^0 ra gia trj gia tdng cho ndn kinh te, ddng gdp vao ngdn sdch nhd nudc, tao vide lam, nhtrng nd lyc ciia khu vyc kinh le tu nbdn Australia trong viec thyc hidn cac boat ddng Irach nhidm xa hdi la rat dang ghi nhdn. Vide lien tuc cdi tidn cac hoat dgng trdch nhiem xa hdi ciia doanh nghiep cho phii hgp vdi cdc khung lidu chudn qudc Id ve bao cdo phal tridn bdn vimg nhu GR! bay LBG la mgt each cung cdp thdng tin hieu qua, lao co sd tidn dd cho viec thiel lap quan be bgp tdc chdl che hon giifa khu vyc kinh Id tu nhdn vdi Chinh phii, cac Id chirc nhan dao qudc td, cdc Id chirc pbi chinh phii va cdc td chirc cgng ddng.
Tren Ihyc td, khu vyc kinh Id lu nhan quan tdm tdi cac boat ddng trach nhidm xa hgi la nhdm muc dich dat dugc myc lieu kinh doanh vd phdt tridn ciia doanh nghiep. Se Id khdng hgp ly ndu ky vgng khu vyc kinh td tu nhdn ddu lu cho cdc boat dgng phat tridn bdn virng nhidu nhu vi?c ddu tu cho boat ddng san xuat kinh doanh. Vice dinh budng vd vach kd hoach phal tridn bdn virng van la trdch nhidm ciia Cbinh phii. Tuy nhien, Cbinh phii Australia cd thd ldng cudng vai lrd cua khu vyc kinh td lu nhdn trong vi?c pbdt tridn bdn viing kmh Id - xa hdi bang viec khuydn khich doanh nghidp dp dyng cac tidu chudn vd md hinh phat trien bdn vimg. Ddc bidt la trong bao cao phdi tridn bdn vung ciia doanh nghiep, cac lieu chi dugc dd cap Irong cac khung huang dan GRI, LBG,... sau day can dugc nhdn manh:
Dong g&p cot loi ve kinh doanh
Thud \ a cdc khoan ddng gdp cho chinh phu Iheo qudc gia vd viing.
Cac khoan phai tra cho chd ddi, cdng done bode co quan quan ly phal iridn theo qudc
^ia \ a viing.
Luang va cac khoan thudng khdc lrd cho lao dgng dja phuang do boat ddng kmh doanb lai dja phuang.
• Cung img ngi dja Iheo gid irj, iheo dia didm giao dich,...
Dao lao lao dgng bao gdm gid iri vd sd lugng ngudl hudng lgi tir cdc boat ddng giao due va ddo lao thyc hidn tai dia phuang
Dong gdp cho cgng dong
Ddng gdp cua doanh nghidp vao cac chuong trinh vi cdng ddng Id chirc bdi chinh phii hoac cac td chirc lir thidn dugc tinh theo ngudn gdc, gia tri, binh thirc ddng gdp, dja diem,...
Cac chuong trinh dugc td chirc bdi chinh doanh nghiep theo vj tri dja ly, tdng ehi lidu... (vi dy chuang Irinh hd trg cho nghd sT, trd em thidt ihdi,...)
Cac ddng gdp khdc.
Thyc hidn minh bach va hd irg chdng iham nhung.
Hoai ddng vi quydn con ngudi, ddo tao va cac vide cd lidn quan.
Cac chinh sdch vd chuang trinh khdc hd irg cho sy phal tridn kinb te xd hdi ciia qudc gia, vi dy nhu chuang irinh hd Irg nhdn vidn, gia dinh ciia hg, cdng ddng, nha cung cdp vd khach bdng chdng lai cdc dai djch nhu HIV/AIDS, san phdm pbdi trien cho khach hang ihu nhdp thdp...
Ddi vdi cac cbi tidu neu irdn, trong Bao cdo Phal tridn bdn viing, doanb nghidp phai cung cdp ihdm Ihdng tin ve muc dich vd myc lieu ciia id chirc cung nhu vide so sanh du lieu hidn tai vdi du- lieu ciia il nhdt hai thdi ky bdo cao trudc, va dua cac thdng tin theo khu vyc dja !> \ a gidi tinh chi tiel nhat cd thd.
Nhu vdy. vdi cac bdi hgc kinh nghiem lir cbinb sdch phal mdn khu vyc kinh td tu nban ciia Auslralia. chiing la cd thd thdy, vide phdi tridn kbu vyc kinh Id nay khdng nhat ihidt phai
Nhuvg vin di KINH Tt VA CHJNH TRj THt G\tr\ So 5(205) 2013 - 39
Tang cudng vai trd ciia khu VIFC. Nguyen Thu Thuy - Pao Minh Anh - Le Thj Phugng Pung^
di ngugc lai vdi xu hudng phdt trien kinh te - xa minh va diing ddn cac chinh sach nhd nudc de hdi bdn vimg, ma thdm chi vdi chinh sach diing tan dung lgi thd ridng, ddng thdi tranb thu cac ddn cdn cd thd nhanb dai tdi lidn trinh nay. Van co hdi ma bdn ngoai mang lai dd hudng tdi phat dd chinh ndm d cho cdn phdi van dyng thdng tridn bdn vimg ndn kinh td*
Tai li^u tham khao:
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40 WrtDrjg vin (?4 KINH T 6 V A CHlNH TR! THt Gl6riS6 5(205) 2013
