Onrll'rst-cpomt ./omnnl. of l"etl!l'i'llory ,'\cietu·p and Animal
lnrlllslr.tJ, !"olul!lr' 21, .\"11miJPr 1, .llon·h, 19-Hi.
Printed in thP Union of South Africa hy rhe (;o,·prnment Printer, Pr·ptnr·ia.
Recent Investigations into the Toxicity of Plants, Etc., No. XV.
Hy S . . r. YAN ])I<;H WAl/r [)11(1 DOU\Y G. STEY~, Section of
Ph"rmacolo~·y :11Hl Toxir·olog-y, Ollller~tepoorL
A I'O\YS.-\('EAF.
r
l/lN/. ?)).(lirn L.i?PgislcrPrl 1111mhn·.- O.l) .H. 10?0fi; lJ .10.40.
Co 111111 on nom c.- Peri \Y.in k 1 e.
() tig in.-P rf'tori.n, 'l'r:rn sY[l al.
Stof.l' aud sCagP of dcrdoznnPnt.- 'l'hf' pbnt W[)S in the fresl1 sbte :md in
1he fio,Yering stagf'.
Sheep 67-±38 (6-tooth; ~IG·+ Kg.) w:1R giwn"' :l·i Kg. of tl1e nbnt in the cmm;r•
nf 4 cla~s (12.10.4:)-l()_l(l_-±3).
Symptoms.- E,·er;; time after lwi.ng- rlrenclwrl tlH· Rheep rlf'veloperl t.vmpanitf's. On 1-:!:.10--±1 such a R<·vere t,vmp:mites hnrl rlt·,·elopf'd afif'r the sh<•ep II'[)S rlrent·hf'rl in the morning th:1t it W[ls runsi.rleretl in:tdvisnhle t.o drench tlw :nrim:rl in the afternoon. On F>.lU...J-3 tht> follu1Ying 11·:r,; oh.'iel-Yf'rl: :IIIOJ'f'Xt:J; apath.1·; no rlt>f:rf't':r- hon; <l~·~pnopa; arr·p]eraterl ,;hong pnbP; fair deg-ree of i.nnpnnite~.
On Hi.lO . ..J-3 thP <·OJt<lition of ihf' anim:1l IY[)R Ull('h;mge(l. 'l'be "nimal cliPrl owrnig·ht 011 lfi.10.40.
l'nst-mortem OJ!pcarances.- Too rlf'r·ompnsrtl for rxaminntion.
ShPcp ()'j;),-,() (G-tonth; :q-1 1\g.) 1ns giwn (i·O 1\g·. of thr plant in the cm.nse of 11 da;.·s.
HPs1t7t.- N egative.
From t.he aho1·e it wonlrl :tppt>ar that ;o;hE'Pp G740S <lie<l of rligestin• clisinrhm1rrs as a n•snlt of being rlr.enched. with the plant mateJ·ial.
* EXC'<'pt. ll'lwre otherwise stntr:>d nll the nnintals II'E'l'P <lren<'hed hy means of a stomac·h tube.
45
J"i'iVl<:STTGATlOXS INTO THE TOXICITY 01" PLAKTS, ETC.
A.IZOACEAE.
Tetragmvia Sclzenl.:ii Schin11. (Fig. 1.) Heg1ste?ed n11?nlie?'.-O.P .I-I. No. 36G6; 22.5.43.
Common name.- Koibos.
Ort:riin.-'Windhoek, South vVest Africa.
FrG. 1.- Tetmgonin Schenkii. Schinz.
S. J. \'.I.K JmJt \YALT AJ\D .1)01."\\" G. ~TEYK.
State and stagr of rlerelopment.- 'l'he plant was m the ilry state "·ithout flowers or fruit.
Sheep GGMi3 (4-tooth; 26·9 Kg.) \\·as g1wn ;)00 gm. of thP pbnt in the course of 7 hours.
Symptoms.- 'l'he animnl cliPrl OYernight on tlw dny of drenehing-.
Post-mortem azJ]JP(/1'0nees.- Slight post-modem chnng-es; general cyanosis; ascites; hydroperic::~ nl i urn; subPpicanlinl petechine; h;;·per- aemin, oedema and emphysemn of the lungs; regressive chang-es in the live1·; t:nupanites of tlw rumen; slight hyperaPmifl of the mucosa ,lf the abomasum, jejunum aud colon .
. 'lhee7' [i(j:JO.j. (G-tooth; 31·9 Kg.) \Yas g-iYen 200 gm. of tlw plnnt in nne dose. SymJifoms.- ListJpssnPss; g·P11eral \YPaknPss;
inadiw; ;;light tympanites; cl:vspHoen; weak pulse. overnight on tlw clay of clrenc·hing.
UllOJ"P:Xl<l ; J"UllH'll
'l'he animnl clied
Post-mortem nppcarnnces.- Seveee general cyanos.is; abdomen distendPd; <ISC:ites; sn1wpicarclin1 haemorrhages; n hrge amount of froth in the) ;1ir pnssng-es; SPYPl'e hyperaemi.n nnd oPclen1n of the lungR;
hy<houephro~is of, nncl nrin:n.'· c-;l]cnli in, hoth kiclneys; tympanites of the rnnwn.
C'H F."'OPODT A f'EA F..
Betn 1:ulynris L.
Re.r;istererl nvmbcr.- O.P .H. 11422-2:); 1G.9.40 nml 11040; Hi.DA3.
Common ?lamc.- }Iangels.
nrlaln.- Koksbrl, Cape Province.
The roots of the pbnt, which \Yel'e quite fresh, \\·ere tPsted.
Sheep 64049 (G-tooth; :n-9 Kg.) "·ns giwn 2·+ I\g. of the first romignment of the roots (11+22-2:-J; Hi.9.4;1) in the rounw of 7 hours.
Sy'"JdOI!Is.- 'l'he animal <liecl OYPmig-ht on the rlny of clrenc-hing-.
Post-11wrfe111 rrppcruanr·cs.- Slight post-mortem changes; general cy;mm;is; ,;light hydrothorax; seYerc h.'·droperir-arclimn; hyperaemia of thP Jlluc·o~a of the trnehea nncl bronchi; seYere l1yperaemin, oeclem:1 ::mrl e1nphysemn of the lungs; subepicnrclial petechine; slight reg-ressiYP <·hang-es in the m_vocanlimn; seYere reg-re;:;siYe rhang·efi in tl1e IiYPr ancl hclneys; hnemorrhag·ic· lymphnclenitis; slight hyppraem·ia of the mnc-osn of the nbomasum, small and large intestine with sub- JIIuc-osal h;1emorrhnges in the small intestine; stasis of the ingesta in the large intestine.
l!istolo.r;y.- LirPr.- The s.i·nusoi.ds flre qunntity of bloorl. The hepntic c-ells clegenernhon.
distended \Yith a brge show pnrenchymatons
l{idney.- Hyperaemin ncrompaniecl b:v haemorrhages whilst the proximnl conYoluted h1hules sho''" seYere clegeneratiYe chnnges. The nudei of the epi1lwlinl c-Pll~< of these inh-ules ~lww -p;;·knosis and kar.YolyRi.R.
INVF.ST.LGATJONS TKTO THE TOXIClTY OF PLAKTS, F.TC.
Shup 66601 (6-tooth; 34·1 .Kg. "·as given 7·2 Kg. of the fi1·st c'onsig·nment of the roots (114?2-2,-,; Hi.fl . .J.:-l) in thf' r-onrse of -1 rl::tys.
RP.mlt.- N eg-ar.in~.
Sheep (iGG!12 (G-tooth; 3l·H Kg.) IY:1R given 1:1·2 Kg-. of the ::;ec:cmd conslgn- m.ent of the roots (llG40; 1G.!J...J.:1) in the r:ourse of 6 clays.
Rr.wlt.- Negative.
'l'he 1·oots were submitted for investigation in 'iew o.f the fad tl1at some of the animals feecling- on the roots dif'cl ruther sndrlenly. The results ohtainerl in thr case of shePp ()(;r;:n :mrl (i()()92 inrlicate that the root,;; an·
non-toxie. His consiclNerl that slwep G..J-5-HJ rliecl as the result of rligeshn' disturbances following on the :1dministr:1tinn of rel:1tivPl_v very Jarg1- f]1l:Jn- tif·ips of the roof-s.
Cmr rosrTAE.
A1·ctot·is stoerlwihfnlict Berg.
Re_r;istercd n1tmlJc1·.- 0.r.H. f)SHG-07; G.12.41.
nri_r;i11.- Vrybnrg-, f'npe rrovince.
St:utr- rwd sto(Je. of rlrrPlnpmPnf.- 'rhe plnni· \Yas m the rlry sJ-:Ji·p :1nrl in ihe flowering sbg-P.
Sl1rrp GSG87 (fnll--mo11th: 40·f> Kg.) ll":lS g-iwn 5·7 Kg. of ihe plnnt in the course of 11 dn_vs.
Hrsult.- N Pg-ative.
Senecio vlntinosus Thh.
Rr.r;1'stPred uumhcr.- n.r.H. 723!); 21.7.41. Ori.r;in.- PJ·Ptol' in, Trnnsva:1l.
State and sto.r;e of devrloznnrnt.- 'l'hf': plant '"as in the dry stat-e :11111 in the flowering- Rtage.
,<..;J,rPJJ ().j.[',.j.(j (G-toofh: 0?·1 Kg.) wns givf'n 4-G Kg. of tl1f' plant in the r·onrsP.
of (i (bys.
Rrs?tlt.- ){ pg-nfive.
CYC:\.DACEAE.
Enrrpha101'tos f~rhmonii (K & Z.) Lt~hm. (Fig-. 2.) RP_r;islMerl llllrnher.- O.P.FT. No. 1G..J.?2; 1.12.4~!.
Urigi11.- Divi;;ion of Bntnny, Pretoria, TrnnsYa:ll.
'.l'he fresh ripe fruit "·as testerl. Tlw stones TI·erf' rPmnYerl from ihf': h-uit in m-<lf'r to t.Pst thf' t\t>sh anrl stones r-wparatel~-- The shf'lls Wf'l'P rf'moYf'd from thP stmws.
RolJln:t A (l· 75 Kg.) was gwen J 9!) gm. of the flesh of the fruit in the f'OHl'Rf' of 7 rla~rR.
He.wlt.- )[ eg-ative.
48
, ', J. VA.\' JJE!t \\' AL'l' A!\ D JJU t; \\' G. :STE Y !\.
Nuul"'t JJ (I ·G Kg.) 11·as giYeu 30 glll. of the kerurl,; iu the cour:;e of G houn;.
Sy111ptoms.- TlLe T;Jbhit died oYt>rui;..d1t un !he llny of them·hiug.
l'o.,t-mortem llfJfleurrlltccs.- SeYl're uedellla, eu1pltysellla a1Hl :;] ighl hyperclt'lltia
of
tlll~ lung.-;; li,\'Jll'l'al'Uli;J of, and regressive t·hauges in, the liYer: ~ubmucosal haemonlwges in llw ~lom;ll']J ;hyperaemia of the JlJUcosa of :;oJJIC part:; of lhe :;mall intf'~tiue.
HulJIJit (' (L·S--J Eg.) 11·as ~-iYeu 3--J g·n1. of tl1e kPrnPL in the coursl' of:{ lLiy~.
S.IJIIIfitoms.-Listlr~sne~s: anorexia: d_\·spnor;t; stnmg rapid pulse·. The S,VlilptPJIIS clen•lopt·ll on tilt' third ll::t.1· ::~Her lhl' t·unJJlll'lll'l'- JIIl'lli of tln•ncbing anrl tlw l'abbit dit·cl the sanlt" night.
ZYost-11wrlem oppear!IIICI's.- ] lyperuemin: oedl•nln <tnd t'Jllphy- senta of thl' luJ1g·~: geut>r<JI iderus; ~eYC'J'C asc·ite:;: Sl-'l'l'l'(' rt>g-re;;Ril·t·
dwnges in I he lil'l-'1'; regTl'ssi,·e d1anges in ilw kidney~: h,l'jWI'<Il'lllia oJ !he mul·o:;a of p;1rls of the small in((•,;(ine: Huid JJJ;dl·rinl iu tht•
colon.
D lC ll.\1' J>TAL.~CEAE.
1Jicl/£tf11'ialulll l'l'tU'IIUiltlll· Eug-1. S G-ilg. Neulstered 11UIItUeT.- 0.P.II. ::'\o. 810; 19.-±.-±--1-.
Comlltull 11</IIU'.- JJlaargif, :Thiakuu.
Ori.rJin.- Grootrouteill. South \Yest .\h ica.
State and stave uf decelu-p111ent.- 'fbe plant n·as 111 !he dry state witlwut flo,,·ers or fruit.
49
lNVE:;TtGATIOXS TKTO TIU•; TOXH'JTY 0.!:" l'L.-1.\TS, ETC.
Nabbit A. (2 ·3 Kg.) \Yas giYen 10 gm. of the pbut iu the t:Oluse of G hums. H.eoult.- K egatiYe
HabiJit B (2·;! Kg.) "·ns g-1nm :!0 gm. of the plant in the ~..:oun;e of (j li01ll'~.
SyntjJtUIIts.- The animal died o\·entight on the daY of LheJH.:lJiug. Pust-IIIUdem appearanccs.- Ueileral t:ytmosi;;; ~e,·ere h,q>eri.lemia of the lungs; h~·per<temiu of the lin·r and h 11ueys; slight h;qJeraemia of the mut:osa of the stomad1.
EHEKACJ-:AE.
Ru.IJella decid11a Hurl'h (=H. ['allen:; 1'\iL.) l<evistered numuer.- O.P .H. Ld13; FJ.l 1.-±J.
Co111111un 'IWIILC.- BlouLus.
Urluin.- .l'.Ii1hlelburg, Cape l'tovinee.
St11te and st11ye of decelofllnent.- 'l'he plnnL '"as in the fTcsft state and iu the.
pre-flo,,·ering ;;bge.
:iheep (j(j(j81 (full-mouth; ·H ·O Kg.) was giYen 1·7 Kg. of the .fre.-;71 le:nes of the plant in the ('Ourse of G4 hom:;.
Sy111p/u11ts.- Apathy; anorexia; slight dyspnoea; pulse sommYhat
•Iceelerated; ~light tympanites; rumen iuaetiYe; Yery seYere Llia nl1oe•1. The aniwal recoYered.
Sheep GGG84 (G-tooth; 04 ·1 Kg.) \H1~ giYen 900 gm. of the dry l-eaYes of the plant in the (·ourse of 24 hours.
:iympto m:; .---As for the preYious sheep. The animal recoYercd.
IRIDACEAE.
ilforaea trita var . .foliata N.E. Hr.
Registered nwnber.- O.P.H. 12315; 25.9.43.
Colltlltun name.- 'I'ulp.
Orivin.- PietersLurg, 'l'ransYaal .
.State and sfa·ye of de~Jelopment.-Tbe plaut was in the fresh state and in the flowering and seeding stages .
.S!te'ep GGG92 (G-tooth; 31 Kg.) ,,·a:; giYen 1·;) Kg. of the LulLs of the plant
10 the course of 24 hou1·s.
Sylllptoms.- Listlessness; uyspnoea; vulse fairly slO\\. and Yery strong; rumen iuad iYe; anore.:-;:ia; l'On.iuncti ,·ne dark re(l. The animal died aJ>!Jl'o.ximatel.v 30 hour,; after the t:ommencement of tlreut:hiug-.
Post-lllorlc m a PJICII Nuu·e.< .- Adnutee1l post-morte1n clw nges;
genPral <·y<~nosi;;; t;ulwndocanlinl petechine; hyperaemia of the mucosa of the trachea ancl bronchi; hype1·aeniia, oedema :<n1l emphysema of the lungs; tympanites of the rumeu; fluid material Ill the large intestine; hyperaelllia of t:ertuiu lymphatic glands.
50
S. J. Y.\X DEH \\·_\LT AXD DOCW G. STEY:'>.
LEGt:MIXOS.\F.
Bmd1inia Galpini X.E. Br.
Registered 'l!lllliUCr.- O.P.H. Xo. 9294; 18.8.43 and 117G2-il; :20.9.4:3.
Origin.- llarlwrton, TnmsYaal.
State and stoue of decelopm.ent.- The t11·o consign1neuts of the plaJJt were 1nthout flowers or huit. 'I' be first consignment (929-±; 18.8.4:!) wa;, :fresh and the se~:ond (llG72-il; 20.9.-.l:J) was dr_y.
,')/,eep GGS-±9 (4-t()oth; :-J-±·1 Kg.) waB given 1·1 Kg. oi the fresh leaves of
the fir~t consignment of the plant in tht> f'Ol.Hse of G hom·s.
He.sult.- X egatiYe.
Shee]J GG:)GS (?-tooth: 2-)·0 Kg.) \Yas g-iYen 9·;2.) Kg. of the dry leaYes of the secoud con~i~-t·nment of the plnnt in tht> com'S!' of 25 days.
R es'lllt.- K ega tin·.
Shee7J G292-± (-±-tooth: 3-1: ·0 Kg-.) was g-iwu +·0 Kg. of the dry leaws of the second cnnsig·nlllent of tlte plant in the course of 10 days.
Rew lt.- X eg-;1 ti n•.
Cassia Occid.e11talis L. Registered n·umuer.-O.P .H. K o. 11+27-28; 13.9.40. Urigin.- Burao, llriti:sh ~omaliland.
State and :sta_qe of decelopment.- The plant 11·as in tlte dry state and in the seeding stage.
Sheep 6292-± ((i-tooth: 31·9 Kg.) \\·as gi,·en 1+·0 Kg. of thP plant in the eourse of 17 days.
J.IJm.ptoms.- 'l'owards the end of the period of drenching the sheep dewlo1Jed digesti;-e disturbances. 'l'he rumen became inactive and tympanites deYeloped e;-ery time after drenching. Finally a slight tlia rrh oea fl eveloped. 'l'be shf'f'j) recovered immedia tf' ly drenching was discontinued.
'l'he symptoms would appear to be simply clue to digestive dis- tm·bauces as a result of being drf'nchecl and not clue to the pbnt being toxic.
Jlledicago sati'ra L. Registered nwnuer.- O.P .H. X o. 8678; 9.8.43.
Cmnmon na.me.- Lusern, lucerne.
01·igin.-Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
'l'he lucerne hay was infected with the follo,Ying fungi: !llucor sp., Aspergill11S sp., Penicili111n sp. and Fusarium monilifonne. Sheep 64549 (full-mouth; 31·9 Kg.) was g-iven 1·69 Kg. of the infected hay
in the course of 4 days.
ReS'IIlt.- X ega tin•.
76-!2- 7
1NVESTTGATTO-:\"S JXTO THE TOXICITY OF I'LA-:\"TS, ETC.
Phaseolus tulgaris I ...
Reyistered number.- O.P.H. Xo. GG491; 18.12.43.
01·igin.- :Machadodorp, 'l'ransnal.
State and sta.ge of deuelopment.- The plant was in the fresh state and in the seeding stage.
Sheep GG491 (6-tooth; 40·5 Kg.) was given 2·01 Kg. of the conns of the plant in the course of 24 hours.
Sym.ptoms.- '1'he sheep deYeloped a mild diarrhoea which lasted two days :o~fter whic·h the auimal rec·oyered. The lliarrhoea was apparently simply due to derangement of digestion as a, result of drenching.
LTU:\CEAE.
Ornithogal u m pretoriense Baker.
Regi~tered number.- O.P.I-I. Xo. 14:)7:3; 29.10.43.
Origin.- Pretoria, TransYaal.
State and stage of deuelopment.- The plant was m the fresh state and iu the flowering and seeding stages.
heep 67500 (full-mouth; 40·5 Kg.) was g'lYen :3·5 Kg. of the bulbs of the plant in the course of .2 days.
Hesult.- X egatiYe.
Schi:wca·rphus nervosus (Burl:h.) F. v. d. M. (=Scilla rigidijolia Kunth. Yar. ner1·osa. Bak.) (Fig. 3.)
Registe·red nu mu'er.- O.P .H. X o. 1208:); 21.9.4~.
Origin.-Rust-der-\Yinter, TransYaal.
State and stage of dC'veloznnent.-The plant was m the fresh state and m the flowering stage .
.'heep 6fi461 (6-tooth; 34·1 Kg.) wa;; giYen 1·0 Kg. of the plant in one close. Symptoms .- Severe tympanites; rumen
accelerated, strong pulse; apathy; anorexia.
night on the day of drenching.
inactiYe; dyspnoea; The sheep died over-
Post-mo1·tcm a.ppearanccs.- The cadaYer was too decomposed for examination.
Sheep 64607 (full-mouth; 2G·O Kg.) was g1ven 500 gm. of the plant in one dose.
52
S. J. Y.-\X DElt \\"ALT AND DOUW G. STEY~.
Symptmn.s.- Uenentl weakness; apathy; fair degree o£ tympa- nites; rumen inactive; anon'xia; dyspnoea; pulse very slow, strong and irregular.
Po8t-m.ortem. apl1eaNmces.- General t:~·auosi:;; l1ydropericardium;
h,vdrothora:s:; ascites; su hendocardial and subepicardial petechiae;
:;light regressiYe ehanges in the myocardium; hyperaemia and oedema
of the lungs; regressiYe changes in the liYer; tympanites of the
rumen; slight hyperaemia of the mucosa of the abomasum.
L
FIG. 3.-Schizocarph1ts nervosus (Burch.) F.v.d.M.
53
l.\"YEST1GATIOX~ I.\"TO THE TOXICITY OF PLA.\"TS, ETC.
Scillo inquinat.a C. A. Sm.
Re.IJ~steted mnnucr.- O.P.H. X o. 1208-±; 21.9.43.
Otigin.- H ust-der-\r inter, TransY::~al.
State and sta.qe of derelopment.- 'rhe plunt was m the fresh sbte and iu the seeding stage .
.Sheez1 66866 (-±-tooth; 21·3 Kg.) was g11~en 1·8 Kg. of the plant in the course of 19 hours.
Svn,ptoms.- Follo,Ying- on the first close the sheep deYelopecl a severe tympanites. At the time the second dose was giYen the sheep
h::~d apparently recoYered. Yer)~ sl1ortly after being drenched for the llecond time thf' animal again cleYelopt>d :1 Yer_,. seYere tympanites dying -± hours after the adminishation of the t;econd dose.
Post-molfPIII 1/fJfH'ruall(·es.- Gener:d cyanosis; ascite;;; hydro- thorax; hydropericardium; hyperaemia of the mucosa of the h ache:<
and bronchi: seYere hyperaemia, oedema altll emphysema of the lung-s; slight recessiYe changes in the myoc-arllium; h~·peraemia of, and reg-ressin• dwng-es in. the liYer and kidneys; sew·re tympanites of the nnneu .
.From the abow it \\·ould appear that digestiYe disturbances, as a result of the animal being drenched, was the cause o£ death.
PAr A ,-ElL~CK~E.
Papocer aculeatum 1'hunb.
Registered nvmuer.- O.P.H. Xo. 1Ci82-±-25: -1-.12.-:l-:1.
(higin.- Pretoria, T'ransYaal.
State and stage of develoznnent.- The plant was fairly dry and in the flowering- and seeding stages.
SJ,eep 66786 (6-tooth; 35 ·5 Kg.) was g-iven 2 ·85 Kg. of the plant in the conrse of R days.
Resvlt .- X eg·n tiw
SoL.L.\"AC'E.\ E.
Solmnnn tulJe1'0su?n L.
Re!)istered numlJer. -O.P.H .. No. 16991: 9.12.43.
Common name.- Aartappel, potato. 01'igin. -Vaaltakkie, 'rrausvaal.
State and star;e of development.- 1'he potato-tops tested, we1·e 111 the fresh state and in the pre-flowering- stage. At first the potato-tops were feel to the m1imals hut later, as theY became drier. were minced and drenched to the anim::~ls. ·
.SheezJ 66521 (6-tooth: 30·5 Kg.) and sheep 68617 (2-tooth; 31·9 Kg.) were g-iven 2·8 Kg. and 3·80 respectiYely of the potato-tops in the course of 9 days.
Resul f.- ;;;[ eg-a ii Ye.
S. J. VANDER WALT.AND DOUW G. STEYN.
M elasina circophora Meyr.
The pupae o£ this insect, commonly known as " grashuisies ", were suspected to be poisonous. After removal o£ the pupal cases t!te pupae were minced and administered to a rabbit per stomach tube.
Rabbit A (1·5 Kg.) was given 30 gm. o£ the pupae in the course o£ 6 hours.
Result.-N egative.
SuMMARY AND CoNCLUSIONS.
0£ the 18 plants investigated the following four plants were, according to the literature available to the authors, for the first time proved to be toxic : 1'etragonia Schenkii Schinz., Encephalartos Leh'11ULnit (E. & L.) Lehm., Moraea trita var. foliata N.E. Br., and Schizocarphus nervosus (Burch.) F. v. d. M.
The toxicity o£ the pupae o£ M'elasina circophorco Meyr. was also mves- tigated.
ACI{NOWLEDGMENTS.
We wish to thank Dr. E. P. Phillips, late Chief, Division of l3otany and Plant Pathology, and the botanists in his Division for the identification of plant specimens. To Drs. H. P.
A.
de Boom and W. Malherbe <Jf the Section o£ Pathology we are indebted for the histological examination o£animal organs. Finally we wish to thank Messrs P. A. Swanepoel and M. G. van Niekerk, Technical Assistants in the Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, £or assistance rendered in the course of the experiments.
7642-8
55
