DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2. Dampak Pe rubahan Iklim dan Tarif Impor Pada Kasus Negara Besar
4.3. Alat Analisis
4.3.7. Agregasi dan Disagregasi Sektor dan Region
Penelitian ini menggunakan agregasi 14 negara/region termasuk rest of the world da n 19 sektor. Justifikasi agregasi regional terfok us pada negara- negara yang merupakan produsen/eskportir dan importir komoditi beras, jagung dan gandum. Sementara agregasi sektoral merepresentasikan pemetaan tiga komoditi pangan yang menjadi fokus utama penelitian yaitu beras, gandum dan jagung dan komoditi pertanian lainnya. Sedangkan sektor untuk produk manufaktur diagregasi ke dalam beberapa sektor yang terkait dengan pengolahan produk pertanian, sedangkan jasa diagregasi menjadi satu sektor.
Data dasar model GTAP versi 7 memuat antara lain: tabel input-output (I-O), nilai tambah sektor produksi, nilai input primer dan input antara, perdagangan bilateral, transportasi, tingkat proteksi, pajak dan subsidi dari 113 region dan 57 sektor. Untuk keperluan penelitian ini, data dasar tersebut akan diagregasi menjadi 14 region dan 19 sektor yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian.
i
tingkat output, Qoi
pendapatan regional
174 Tabe l 20. Agregasi Sektoral dan Region/Negara
No. Sektor No Negara/Wilayah
1 Paddyrice 1
2 Wheat 2 Rusia
3 Cereal grains nec (Maize) 3 China
4 Vegetables, fruit, nuts 4
5 Oilseed 5
6 Sugar cane, sugar beet 6
7 Cattle,sheep,goats,horses 7
8 Raw milk 8
9 Forestry 9
10 Fishing 10 Philipina
11 Other Agriculture 11
12 Meat: cattle,sheep,goats,horse 12 Pakistan 13 Vegetable oils and fats 13 Bangladesh
14 Sugar 14 RestofWorld
15 Food and Beverage 16 Leather products 17 Mining, Oil,and Gas 18 Manufacturing products 19 Services
Sumber: GTAP Database Versi 7, 2008
Keempa t belas region yang diagregasi tersebut meliputi Indo nesia, Thailand, Vietnam, China, India, Philipina, Brazil, USA, Australia, EU, Rusia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, dan RestofWorld. Selanjutnya dari 57 sektor dalam data dasar GTAP diagregasi menjadi 19 sektor yang menggambarkan produk pertanian yang diperda gangka n diantara keempat belas negara tersebut. Dalam agregasi sektoral, komoditi pertanian yang mencakup produk pertanian pangan, kehutanan, perika nan da n peternaka n tidak diagregasi, kecuali untuk komoditi yang sangat berdekatan, seperti: gula, gula bit, dan gula tebu diagregasi menjadi gula. Hal ini disesuaikan dengan fokus penelitian, yaitu menganalisis dampak pe ruba han iklim terhadap produktivitas dan produksi dan perdagangan produk pertanian.
Sedangkan sektor manufaktur diagregasi ke dalam satu sektor manufaktur. Untuk sektor jasa seluruhnya diagregasi menjadi satu ke dalam kelompok jasa.
Untuk melakuka n agregasi region dan sektor tersebut, pertama–tama disusun file pemetaan agregasi antara sektor yang terdapat pada model GTAP standar dengan sektor yang diinginkan dalam penelitian. Selanjutnya pemetaan tersebut di run dengan program DataAgg yang ada di dalam GTAP versi 7 sehingga dihasilkan header array file, parameter, dan setting sesuai dengan agregasi sektor da n region yang dikehendaki. Daftar agregasi region dan sektor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini selengkapnya disajikan pada Tabel 21 dan Tabe l 22.
Tabe l 21. Agregasi Region
No. Code Description
1 AUS
2 RUS Russian Federation
3 CHN
4 PHL Philipina
5 IDN
6 DEU European Union:
7 PAK Pakistan 8 THA 9 VNM 10 IND 11 BGD Bangladesh 12 USA 13 BRA
176 Tabe l 21. Agregasi Region (Lanjutan)
No. Code Description
14 RestofWorld
South America Rest of Central America, Caribbean Eastern Europe, Soviet Union Western Africa, Rest of Central Africa, Rest of South Central, Africa of Eastern Africa Union, Rest of EFTA Southeast Asia Asia.
Sumber: Database GTAP versi 7, 2008
Tabe l 22. Agregasi Sektor
No Code Sector
Aggregation Description
1 Pdr Paddyrice Paddy Rice: rice, husked and unhusked; 2 Wht Wheat Wheat: wheat and meslin;
3 Gro Cereal grains nec (maize)
Other Grains: maize (corn), barley, rye, oats, other cereals
4 V_f Vegetables, fruit, nuts
Veg & Fruit: vegetables, fruitvegetables, fruit and nuts, potatoes, cassava, truffles,
5 Osd Oilseed Oil Seeds: oil seeds and oleaginous fruit; soy beans, copra
6 C_b Sugar cane,
sugar beet Sugar; Cane & Beet: sugar cane and sugar beet 7 Ctl Cattle,sheep,
goats,horses
Cattle: cattle, sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules, and hinnies; and semen thereof
8 Rmk Raw milk Raw milk; Milk: dairy products
9 Frs Forestry Forestry: forestry, logging and related service activities 10 Fsh Fishing Fishing: hunting, trapping and game propagation
Tabe l 22. Agregasi Sektor (Lanjutan)
No Code Sector
Aggregation Description
including related service activities, fishing, fish farms; service activities incidental to fishing
11 Meat cattle,sheep,gMeat: oats,horse
Cattle Meat: fresh or chilled meat and edible offal of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules, and hinnies. raw fats or grease from any animal or bird; Other Meat: pig meat and offal. preserves and preparations of meat, meat offal or blood, flours, meals and pellets of meat or inedible meat offal; greaves
12 Vol Vegetable oils
and fats
Vegetable Oils: crude and refined oils of soya-bean, maize (corn),olive, sesame, ground-nut, olive, sunflower-seed, safflower, cotton-seed, rape, colza and canola, mustard, coconut palm, palm kernel, castor, tung jojoba, babassu and linseed, perhaps partly or wholly hydrogenated,inter-
esterified, re-esterified or elaidinised. Also margarine and similar preparations, animal or vegetable waxes, fats and oils and their fractions, cotton linters, oil-cake and other solid residues resulting from the extraction of vegetable fats or oils; flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits, except those of mustard; degras and other residues resulting from the treatment of fatty substances or animal or vegetable waxes.
13 Lea Leather
products
Leather: tanning and dressing of leather; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear
14 Othagric Other
Agriculture
Plant Fibres: cotton, flax, hemp, sisal and other raw vegetable materials used in textiles; Other Crops: live plants; cut flowers and flower buds; flower seeds and fruit seeds; vegetable seeds, beverage and spice crops, unmanufactured tobacco, cereal straw and husks, unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets; swedes, mangolds, fodder roots, hay, lucerne (alfalfa), clover, sainfoin, forage kale, lupines, vetches and similar forage products, whether or not in the form of pellets, plants and parts of plants used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy, or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes,
178 Tabel 22. Agregasi Sektor (Lanjutan)
No Code Sector
Aggregation Description
sugar beet seed and seeds of forage plants, other raw vegetable materials, Other Animal Products: swine, poultry and other live animals; eggs, in shell (fresh or cooked), Natural honey, snails (fresh or preserved) except sea snails; frogs' legs, edible products of animal origin n.e.c., hides, skins and furskins, raw , insect waxes and spermaceti, whether or not refined or coloured; Other Food: prepared and preserved fish or vegetables, fruit juices and vegetable juices, prepared and preserved fruit and nuts, all cereal flours, groats, meal and pellets of wheat, cereal groats, meal and pellets n.e.c., other cereal grain products (including corn flakes), other vegetable flours and meals, mixes and doughs for the preparation of bakers' wares, starches and starch products; sugars and sugar syrups n.e.c., preparations used in animal feeding, bakery products, cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery, macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products, food products n.e.c.; Wool: wool, silk, and other raw animal materials used in textile
15 Sgr Sugar Sugar
16 fdbvrg Food and Beverage
Dairy products; Food products nec; Beverages and tobacco products.
17 mining Mining, Oil,and Gas
Coal; Oil; Gas; Minerals nec; Petroleum, coal products; Mineral products nec; Ferrous metals; Metals nec; Metal products.
18 manufac Manufacturin g products
Textiles; Wearing apparel; Wood products;
Paper products, publishing; Chemical,rubber,plastic prods; Motor vehicles
and parts; Transport
19 Svc service
Electricity; Gas manufacture, distribution; Water; Construction; Trade; Transport nec; Sea transport; Air transport; Communication; Financial services nec; Insurance; Business services nec; Recreation and other services; PubAdmin/Defence/Health/Educat; Dwellings.
Sumber: Database GTAP versi 7, 2008