PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PART I
6. finally made instead of have finally made
“Finally Made keputusan akhir, jadi e… dek’e wes…wes… mbuat suatu keputusan lha... apa tapi sudah past gitu lho... sudah.... apa.... Wes mbuat suatu keputusan jadi Finally Made. Gak pakai present perfect have finally made, ya…. sebenere sek… aku agak bingung antara have finally made sama finally madenya tadi. Nek have finally made sebenere seh isa juga…. Berarti kan baru saja to… baru saja membuat keputusan. Nah aku tadi ya bingung antara finally made nya tadi sama have finally made nya sendiri aku juga bingung. Soale waktu itu aku sempat… apa… bingung terus ada temenku sing jawab ini ya wes aku ikut jawab ini… tapi sebenere aku rodok bingung sih soale have finally made kan baru saja membuat suatu keputusan… nah.. aku juga bingung antara finally made tadi.. tapi aku pertama kan njawab have finally made terus temenku njawab finally made ya uda have’e tak hapus. Soale temenku itu nek ujian biasa’e.. lebih bagus dari aku…ya... tapi kadang-kadang belum tentu seh... de’e bener tapi kan karena nilaine de’e lebih bagus jadi ya... apa... tak pikire... ya aku salah gitu...”
Translation: The student thinks that ’finally made’ is the final decision, so the doers have alraedy made a decision. She does not use Present Perfect because she is confused between simple past and present perfect tense. In the middle of confusion, she sees that her friend is using simple past, so she uses simple past. She admits that her friend usually gets better mark, so she decides to cheat.
Analysis: She is actually confused between present perfect tense and simple past. She firstly tried to use present perfect, but when she looked at her friend’s answer, she changed hers. (8)
7. chosed instead of have chosen
“And they chose... ya.. apa... dia sedang… mereka sedang memilih jadi.. past pake’e nek ini memang chose. Pakai simple past juga soale the election is over berarti kan sudah selesai. Tapi… tapi kan aku mikire… mereka sedang... meskipun baru saja selesai tapi kan… mereka sudah memilih. Mereka sedang memilih… terus ndek sini apa ya…kayak nggak ada… kayak apa ya…. Biasane apa ya sing mbuat nyuport… ini apa ya…. Kok isa jawab sing chose… aku mikire ya sing gitu tok sih… pokok’e… Ann Andrew is now the club leader itu sekarang de’e wes jadi club leader, berarti de’e sudah dipilih udah past. Aku gak mikir sing alternatif lain. Ini wes pasti simple past Ya emang seh ini kan baru saja, tapi kan aku mikire sudah dipilih, nah sudah dipilih ini kan past tense. Aku liate dari inti kalimat’e dulu, translate ke indonesia, baru akhire kamu milih, pake simple past.” Translation: The student thinks that simple past is correct because the election is already over. However, she thinks that the doers are still in the moiddle of it. (pause) Then the student admits that simple past is correct because of the sequence of events.
Analysis: According to the student, the action has finished before the event ’Ann Andrew is now the club leader’. However, she uses simple past instead of present perfect tense. It signals that she is not aware of the use of present perfect tense in this particular number. (6)
17. already becomes instead of has already become
“Jawab’e already becomes... soale... e…. sekarang…sekarang sudah maksude… kayak... pake present ato... udah menjadi… already becomes itu simple present, pake simple present e…..ya maksud’e… sekarang to…. Sekarang dan untuk sehariannya terus kan dia emang… akhirnya very noisy now… sekarang udah rame. Keterangan dari kalimat itu…. aku dapet dari yang.... ini…. very noisy now ini. Jadi kayak keterangan waktune now...gitu.”
Translation: The student thinks that the condition has alraedy become noisy. She uses present tense because it is a fact. There is also a word ’now’.
Analysis: The student focuses only on ’now’. So, she thinks that the sentence must be in Present Tense sentence. (1)
PART II
22. has been washing instead of has washed
“Jawabnya has been washing, soalnya kan… dia baru saja… e…. dimulai dari e…. arti kalimatnya sama yang dibelakangnya it is already clean now… berartikan… baru sekarang maksudnya.... sekarang sudah bersih.... dan.... aku liat artinya disini kan... she is washing artinya kan dia baru saja selesai... baru saja selesai mencuci mobil dan sekarang sudah bersih. Klunya dari kalimat itu aku lihat dari kalimat sesudah’e sama.... dari artinya.”
Translation: The student thinks that the action just finished and the car is alraedy clean. So, she thinks that the suitable tense is present perfect continuous as it gives effect and just recently stopped.
Analysis: The student claims that ’has been washing’ fits perfectly although she knows that at the moment of focus the ‘car’ is clean. It signals that her problem is related to the use or concept of present perfect tense. (6)
44. have instead of have had
“Jawabannya correct, e... apa ya... ya….. e….. menurutku kayak bukan tense ya…. kayak…. Saya memang…apa ya…. saya mempunyai experience yang cukup, apa seh ini artinne…fakta. Jadi aku mikire ya bener. Aku cumak liat dari kalimat yang kedua ini I have enough experience dan artine sudah bener.”
Translation: The student thinks that this number does not deal with tense question, it is more like a fact.
Analysis: She thinks that there is no tense (perhaps what she means is this sentence is a simple sentence), so she should use simple present tense. It indicates that she is not aware on the use of present perfect tense. (6)