“Kalau kenapa saya mikir alasannya kenapa, klunya dari intuisi, rumus ya kadang berperan. Tapi kebanyakan intuisi. Saya itu susah menentukan tense masuk yang mana. Part II lebih gampang sih, rasane… masalah saya, saya nggak tahu penempatan have.”
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PART I
6. finally make instead of have finally made
“finally make…..yo well, yo konteks sekali lagi ya gitu. Ya ancen jawabane ngono, saya mikir’e. Eee...., apa ya? Karena setahu saya sih present waktu itu, tapi salah yo, harus’e finally made ya, karena kan telah ya. Lanjutane have chosen. Salah ya…. Iyo, is over. Karena menurut saya ini kalimat present dari make sama finally. I was confused at that time, ya nggak diawur juga. Waktu itu mikir, sekarang lebih encer lagi, harus’e finally made ya”
Translation: The student thinks that 'finally make' suits the context. Then, he changes his mind and uses 'finally made' because the action has been done. In addition, he feels sure because of 'is over'. He admits that he was confused when he did the test, and now, he feels very sure that the answer is simple past tense. Analysis: The student can not give specific reasoning for his answer during the TAP. Then, he changes it into simple past. It is highly probable that he actually does not comprehend the concept or use among simple present, simple past, and present perfect tense. It indicates that he has problem related to the concept or use. (6)
23. haven’t instead of haven’t sold
pas saya cek cek lagi, ketinggalan. Harusnya ....(read the question).. haven’t sell..apa..ah.. .haven’t sold…”
Translation: The student overlooks the verb. During the TAP, he can give the correct answer, 'have not sold'.
Analysis: The student was careless when he did the test. During the TAP, he admits that he skips and forgets the re-check. However, he can correct it. It shows that he has problem related to carelessness. (8)
27. bought instead of have bought
“bought… ya karena saya telah membeli tiga kaleng paint. (Su)Da(h) itu aja. Time signal..sek sek,o ya salah.. harus’e I am going to buy? Eh, salah, I will buy? Tapi ini belum kan? Ceritane belum beli kan??”
Translation: The student firstly thinks that his answer is correct, and then he changes his mind and thinks that the action is still in the future. He thinks that it is still a plan.
Analysis: The student gave the wrong answer when he did the test. During the TAP, he still can not correct it. According to him, the context is still in the future. It is probable that he is distracted by the sentence ‘I am planning’. (7)
PART II
5. did you already watering instead of have you already watered
“did you already watering… kenapa saya jawab past tense… oh ya watering itu kata kerja.. iyo salah, ngawur kok isa njawab gini? Wah, ini tulisanku yo… Ya pas itu saya nggak tahu…. Karena saya rasa ini appropriate... because watering is fine at the time i thought at that time.”
Translation: The student is confused of his own answer. He tries to analyze it and figures out that 'watering' is suitable.
Analysis: The student thinks that ‘watering’ is an active verb and it is appropriate. It is probable that ‘watering’ is like giving affix ‘me-’ in Indonesian. He fails to see that there is someone who is asking the addressee and is expecting her to do something, which should use present perfect tense. It signals that he has problem
related to the use of Present Perfect Tense. (6)
43. correct; are you doing instead of have you done
“ ya bener.. so far.. nggak,nggak, konteksnya, kamu ngapain aja selama ini. Salah yo? What were? What did”
Translation: The student thinks that his answer is correct. He gets the clue form 'so far'. He translates the sentence, but then he is confused and tries to figure out the correct answer.
Analysis: ‘So far; indicates present continuous tense, according to the student. He translates it during the TAP into “what are you doing so far”. The student is distracted by the time signal. (1)
44. correct; have instead of have had
“ya bener… I’ve been working on the business for ten years.” Translation: The student thinks that it fits perfectly.
Analysis: Although it seems that ‘I have been working in the business for the years’ become his clue, he still has problem caused by the concept. Instead of choosing other form of present (in this case, present perfect), he sticks with present simple. It indicates that he does not the difference in use between present simple and present perfect tense. (6)
49. have changed instead of has changed
“have changed…karena ada since I arrived.”
Translation: The student thinks that 'have changed' fits well. He gets the clue form 'since I arrived'.
Analysis: The student gets the clue from ‘since I arrived’. However, it indicates that he has problem caused by verb agreement. (4)