PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
“Di bagian pertama, petunjuk yang sering dipakai...ya bisa di....pattern... maksudnya pattern dari tenses, especially. Kan kalau tenses pasti ada rumus-rumus terus ada time signal, terus feeling. Pasti ada seng salah, pasti ada yang bener, karena salah satu jalan keluar. The others...the others...? selain feeling tiu melihat drai kalimat, kalimatnya itu...cocok atau enggak, dicocokkan. Cocoknya from..dari kalimat-kalimat sebelumnya. Konteks. Yang lebih menjajikan time signal sama konteks, kalo feeling kalo sudah buntu.
Kalau masih ragu, aku akan memberikan dulu, terus setelah iotu aku mnegrjakn yang lainnya dulu. Terus kalau sudah selesai semua aku back to the number… aku periksa kembali yang mana yang ragu. Selain feeling, aku ngawur. Aku nggak pernah ngosongi, nggak suka jawaban kosong. Soalnya kan menunjukkan kalau aku setidaknya bisa menjawab daripada kosong.
Present perfcet continuos sama present perfect? Has been crying itu kan barusan selesai., kalo has cried itu kan sudah selesai crying-nya. Kalau is crying kan masih menangis sampai sekarang. Has, had itu mbuleti....
Sekilas lihat bagian ke-dua lebih sulit, selain memeriksa benar atau salah, juga disuruh correction...ya itu kan sulit. Kalo cuman njawab gini kan, aku isa, maksud’e aku isa feeling”
PART I
6. finally make instead of have finally made:
“finally make.. ehm.. ya nggak tahu kan dah buntu, habis ujian to? Feeling….harusnya have finally made.”
Analysis: The student was on her edge when she did the test. During the TAP, she can correct it. She has problem related to tiredness. (8)
23. haven’t sell instead of haven’t sold:
“haven’t sell…lampau kan? Eh, enggak sih.. mungkin karena ada I bought a new house last year, nah, terus aku nangkep’e I haven’t sell itu aku belum menjual sampai sekarang. Jadi masih ada hubungannya sampai sekarang. Present perfect. Haven’t sold…ah…iya, haven’t sold.”
Translation: The student thinks that her answer is correct because she assumes that the doer has not sold it up to this moment. She thinks that it still has some present relevance. Then she realizes that she uses the wrong verb and can correct it.
Analysis: During the TAP, the student can utter her analysis. She says that the event is till related up to the moment of focus. Then, she can correct her answer. She is careless. (8)
PART II
44. had had instead of have had:
“jawabanku had had… (read the question)… oh karena di depannya kan ada present perfect jadi di belakang’e aku berpikiran, aku sudah punya enough experience. Melihat depannya.”
Translation: The student answers 'had had' because the previous sentence is in the form of Present Perfect Tense and she concludes that the doer has had enough experience.
Analysis: She claims that the previous sentence uses present perfect, so she should use past perfect. However, she is not aware that the state is affected by the previous sentence, which means that both of the sentences have present time frame. Further, she is not aware that the state began in the past but continuous up to present. It indicates that she has problem related to the use or concept of Present Perfect Tense. (6)
49. had changed instead of has changed: “had changed, ada since sama past tense.”
Translation: The student thinks that 'arrived' indicates past time frame and 'since' indicates perfective.
Analysis: ‘Since’ and simple past (arrived) give the student clues that the event should be in the past perfect. It indicates that she has problem related to the sentence context. (7)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
PART I
22. has studied instead of has been studying
“have studied karena ada since, present perfect. Betul, ya soal’e ada since three months ago. Has studied….? Ehm…, ya nggak masuk ya to? Eh, tapi masuk juga.. aku bingung. Present perfect continuos sama present perfect? Has been crying itu kan barusan selesai., kalo has cried itu kan sudah selesai crying-nya. Kalau is crying kan masih menangis sampai sekarang.”
Translation: The student thinks that 'since' indicates present perfect. The student further explains that
Analysis: According to the student, ‘since’ signals present perfect only. However, she is rather confused between present perfect and present perfect continuous in use. It is highly probable that she has problem caused by the concept or use. (6)
PART II
10. will have been repairing instead of have been repariring
“…they will have been repairing, dari time signal, for two hours. Present perfect dengan future perfect bedanya…, kalo future kan belum dilakukan, kalo present perfect kan sudah dilakukan. Kalo future perfect kan masih akan dilakukan…” Translation: The student thinks that the time frame is in the future. So, she uses future perfect continuous. She explains that the difference between present perfect
about something which will be done.
Analysis: ‘For two hours’ according to the student indicates future perfect action. Further, she can give explanation between the uses of those two tenses. However, in this particular number, she fails to apply it. It indicates that her problem is related to the misunderstanding of the sentence context. (7)
19. will have been painting instead of have been painting
“will have been painting…ehm….rasane aku ini ngeliat di depane, nomor 10 part one,they will have been repairing* aku njawab’e pake future perfect continuous. Sama.”
* supposed to be number 10, part II.
Translation: The student thinks that this number also has the same tense as number 10 part II.
Analysis: For this particular number, she gives the same reasoning as the previous number. She thinks that the action is in future. It indicates that she has problem related to copying wrong answer of her own. (8)