PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PART I
6. finally make instead of have finally made
"………(read the question)…….saya jawab finally made soalnya tidak menunjukkan kalo itu lampau atau kemudian hari jadi saat itu juga… ya setahu saya kalau tidak ada petunjuk biasanya harus dijawab present ya..."
Translation: The student thinks that 'finally made' fits perfectly because the sentence does not indicate any time frame. according to the student's understanding, if there is no time signal, the tense used is (simple) present.
Analysis: According to the student, if there is no time signal, the tense is supposed to be simple present tense. Therefore, she fails to see that the event gives present relevance. It indicates that she has problem related to the concept or use of present perfect tense (6)
7. will choose instead of have chosen
"ini sama dengan sebelumnya, karena tidak ada petunjuk maka dijawab present.... menunjukkan akan memilih presiden baru setelah diartikan ke bahasa Indonesia. Terus tinggal ditambahi ‘will’ artinya akan berdasar feeling. Kalau ada ‘will’ kan mereka akan memilih daripada tanpa ‘will’ jadi mereka memilih…"
Translation: The student thinks that this particular sentence has the same answer with the previous one. According to the student, the sentence means that there will be presidential election. Then, the student adds 'will'. She does it according to her sense.
Analysis: The student claims that there is no specific time signal so the time frame is in present. Therefore, she is not aware that the election has made a new development- Ann Andrew is now the club leader. The student has problem
related to the use of present perfect tense. (6)
PART II
43. are you doing instead of have you done
“nomer ini, dalam tenses nya present ya..jadi dia ini kan bertanya, jadi bertanya itu kayak langsung…, what are you doing so far…, nggak menunujukkan itu past tense atau future atau apa, nggak ada petunjuk…, saya milih present continuous soalnya kan nggak ada petunjuk, tapi ini kan dalam pembicaraan jadi tanya secara langsung gitu lho…”
Translation: The student thinks that the time frame is in present. She also thinks that the context is a direct conversation. Furthermore, she thinks that the sentence does not have any time frame indication. She choose present continuous because there is no clue.
Analysis: The student thinks that the context is in the form of direct question and present continuous fits perfectly. She is unaware that someone is asking about new and recent development which should use perfective tenses. It indicates that she has problem caused by the use or concept of present perfect tense. (6)
44. have instead of have had
“……….. eh, ini saya nangkepnya dalam bentuk pembicaraan juga, jadi ‘I have been working on the business for ten years… dia kan sudah bekerja di bisnis selama 10 tahun, jadi dia punya pengalaman yang cukup, diartikan ke Indonesia… saya nerjemahkannya seolah-olah dalam berbicara.”
Translation: The student thinks that the context is in the form of conversation. As the doer has been working in the factory for ten years, the doer has enough experience. The student translates the sentence into Indonesian and thinks that it is in the form of conversation.
Analysis: According to the student, the sentence is in the form of direct speech. She claims that it is just a fact. so, her answer, ‘have’, fits perfectly. Her mistranslation leads her to the wrong context. It shows that she has problem related to the wrong interpretation of sentence context. (7).
49. had changed instead of has changed
“ini…….. saya njawab had changed soalnya lewat time signal ‘since’. Diartikan ke Indonesia kalo ‘my understanding on this country had changed’ maksudnya sudah berlalu, lebih lampau dari kalimat berikutnya, jadi kalimat yang depan lebih dulu… tahunya mengalami lebih dulu daripada dia sudah tiba.”
Translation: The student answers 'has changed' because she sees time signal 'since'. She translates it into Indonesian and gets the meaning that the action happened first before the action of arriving.
Analysis: The student thinks that the action of ‘changing’ happened before the action of ‘arriving’. Therefore, she has problem related to the wrong interpretation of sentence context.. (7)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
PART II
19. have painted instead of have been painting
“………..eh… saya ngeliatnya ‘for two hours’ , kan bisa dipake untuk dua tenses, yaitu perfect sama perfect continuous, karena bisa dua, pikir saya juga bisa dipake dalam bentuk perfect biasa…have painted gitu..karena artine juga bisa, mungkin lebih tepat ke perfect continuous, tapi ini kan pilihannya gini, saya ngeartikannya ke Indonesia juga bisa masuk.. ngecat rumah selama dua jam..” Translation: The student admits that 'for two hours' may indicate present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense as well. She thinks that present perfect continuous quite makes sense, but when she translates the sentence into Indonesian, present perfect simple also makes sense.
Analysis: The student thinks that her answer makes sense although she does not deny that present perfect continuous is also correct. Therefore, she is unaware of the difference between present perfect and present perfect continuous in use as she
activity rather than the completion of the activity. (6)
36. have studied instead of have been studying
“……….saya ngeliatnya dari ‘for five straight hours’, eh.. ini kan kalimatnya kalo diartikan seperti dalam pembicaraan gitu, it is midnight, I have studied for five straight hours, no wonder I am getting tired…., sebenarnya waktu awalnya saya mau jawab ‘have been studying, tapi kalo diterjemahkan lagi artinya agak aneh…”
Translation: The student translates the sentence and thinks that it is in the form of conversation. She actually wants to use present perfect continuous, but when it is translated, the meaning is quite absurd.
Analysis: The student thinks that ‘have been studying’ sounds weird when it is translated. Therefore, she fails to see that the sentence emphasizes on the duration of the activity and the action which gives present result although the focus is the event, not the completion. It indicates that she has problem related to the concept or use pf present perfect continuous. (6)