“Tense paling gampang menurutku simple past, soale cumak ganti verb tok... Kalo simple present kita harus embedakno itu continuous. atau ndak, kalo past tens jarang. Yang paling susah itu yang perfect-perfect itu, all perfect.”
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PART I
7. chose instead of have chosen
“Jawabannya jadi chose karena kan electionnya kan sudah selesai to... is over jadinya kan choose*... chose past ya... Gak pake present perfect soalnya is over kan sekarang sudah selesai jadi kan e... mungkin ae... the electionnya sudah kemarin atau yesterday jadi pake past to...”
Translation: The student thinks that 'chose' is suitable because she assumes that the election happened yesterday. She thinks that present perfect is not suitable. Analysis: According to the student, the election was done yesterday. She knows that the election is over so the action has been finished but she thinks that present perfect is not suitable. It indicates that she can not differentiate the use between present perfect and simple past. In fact, she says: “Gak pake present perfect
soalnya is over kan sekarang sudah selesai”. It shows that she has problem related
to the concept of present perfect tense. (6)
17. had already became instead of has already become
“Jawabnya had already became soalnya kan di sini ada When I first came jadi pertama dateng ke sini very quiet neighborhood terus then tapi ternyata sekarang sudah menjadi serame ini gitu lo... jadi... proses jadi kerame ini mungkin ae.. sudah berlalu jadi aku pake past. Kejadian yang duluan When I first came Aku mikire...kan had....had pake past itu mungkin karena become very noisynya itu
sudah berlalu dan sekarang jadine gak sama pada waktu When I first came.... karena When I first came ini kan sudah past to.... jadie… past perfect. Waktu itu nangkep’e noisy’e ini sebelum, tapi saat pertama de’e dateng neighborhood em... itu jadi quiet ya… terus… setelah beberapa waktu sekarang jadi… very noisy.” Translation: The student thinks that when the doer arrived, the condition was quiet. She thinks that theb process happened in the past
Analysis: The student thinks that the event should be in the past because the even ‘when I first came’ is in the past time frame. She misunderstands the context of the sentence. (7)
PART II
5. have you been watering instead of have you already watered
“Jawabnya waktu itu incorrect diubah jadi Have you been already watering, sudahkah… kamu menyirami bunga-bunga itu... have you. Kok tetep watering atau continuous, e.... watering…. proses kan watering.... maksud’e watering the flowers. Kalimat ku itu apa sehh… Have you been already watering ya…. itu tense… perfect….Present perfect continuous. Pake itu karena wateringnya proses, kalo have been nya sudahkah.”
Translation: The student thinks her answer fits perfectly because ‘watering’ is a process. The tense is present perfect continuous.
Analysis: The student thinks that the action of watering needs a process. Therefore, she uses have you been watering. However, it indicates that she does not know the difference in use between present perfect continuous and present perfect simple. It means that the student has problem caused by the concept or use. (6)
22. is washing instead of has washed
“Dia sedang memcuci mobil dan sekarang sudah bersih. Salah he... waktu itu tak jawab sudah bener soale liat tensesnya.... continuous... present... present. Jadi sama.... satu present yang lainnya jugak present.”
already clean. As she thinks that the previous sentence is using present simple, she uses the same tense.
Analysis: The next sentence uses simple present, so the student is encouraged to use present as well. Then, she does not think further and leaves the sentence as it is. She has problem caused by the sentence context. (7)
43. are you doing instead of have you done
“Jadi…. Continuous. Arti kalimatnya…. apa yang sedang kamu lakukan sampai sejauh ini, sampai sekarang itu kamu... melakukan apa…. sedang melakukan apa…. gitu… What are you doing so far jadi... dari awal sampai sekarang.” Translation: The student thinks that the meaning is about someone inquiring about what one has done so far. So she answers it with ‘are you doing’ because it indicates action that started form the beginning up to now.
Analysis: The student thinks that the sentence is questioning about something that has been started and is still been doing by the addressee. It means that she does not understand the difference in concept between Present Continuous and Present Perfect Continuous Tense. (6)
44. have instead of have had
“Jawabannya correct, karena...karena.... I’ve working 10 years to….. Nah maksudnya I have enough ini…. aku mempunyai cukup pengalaman. Jadi aku liat dari artinya aja… mempunyai cukup pengalaman.. Karena sudah bekerja 10 tahun. Gak aku setarakan karena…. Kayak’e lebih cocok I have enough….. aku bekerja 10 tahun…. Sudah 10 tahun jadi… aku punya cukup pengalaman in the field. Jadi cumak dari artine aja.”
Translation: The student thinks that the doer has been working for ten years, so he has enough experience. She feels it suitable, like a fact.
Analysis: The previous sentence gives clue that the context is in present. When she translates it, she feels that it fits perfectly. It is highly probable that she thinks it is a fact in the present. Thus, the student misinterprets the context. (7)
49. have changed instead of has changed
“Have changed… soalnya…. Since juga perfect, e….. pakai present perfect….. jadi…. Telah berubah itu kan….. aku datang…. Jadi’e…. saat…. Dia datang sama jugak itu…. My understanding itu… Have changed. Sejak dia datang My understanding of this country…. Have changed… jadi arrived… dulu baru pengertiannya berubah. Jadi yang bener has he…..he…”
Translation: The student thinks that ‘since’ indicates perfective aspect. She says that from the action of arriving, the doer’s mind has changed. Then, she suddenly realizes that it’s supposed to be ‘has’.
Analysis: The student finally gets the correct answer after she utters her thought. She realizes it after she reads ‘my country’. (8)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
PART II
36. have studied instead of have been studying
“Jawabnya have studied soalnya kan e... aku telah.... belajar.. selama 5 jam. Ya.... ya…. telah. Keterangannya dari for five straight hours.”
Translation: The student thinks that the doer has studied for 5 hours. She gets the clue from the time signal.
Analysis: The student believes that the action has finished before the moment of focus. She is also encouraged by the time signal ‘for five straight hours’. She misinterprets the sentence context. (7)