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62
Lampiran 1 Output Frontier 4.1 Padi Semi Organik Output from the program FRONTIER (Version 4.1c) instruction file = terminal
data file = y2-dta.txt
Tech. Eff. Effects Frontier (see B&C 1993) The model is a production function
The dependent variable is logged the ols estimates are :
coefficient standard-error t-ratio
beta 0 0.94033067E+00 0.61250630E+00 0.15352180E+01 beta 1 0.77874903E+00 0.77957428E-01 0.99894141E+01 beta 2 0.35454084E-02 0.90424499E-02 0.39208494E+00 beta 3 0.53089402E-02 0.95199152E-02 0.55766675E+00 beta 4 0.58224511E-02 0.96380175E-02 0.60411294E+00 beta 5 0.74242602E-02 0.11695416E-01 0.63480085E+00 sigma-squared 0.94342801E-01
log likelihood function = -0.40601525E+01 the estimates after the grid search were : beta 0 0.12322973E+01 beta 1 0.77874903E+00 beta 2 0.35454084E-02 beta 3 0.53089402E-02 beta 4 0.58224511E-02 beta 5 0.74242602E-02 delta 0 0.00000000E+00 delta 1 0.00000000E+00 delta 2 0.00000000E+00 delta 3 0.00000000E+00 delta 4 0.00000000E+00 delta 5 0.00000000E+00 sigma-squared 0.16132741E+00 gamma 0.83000000E+00
iteration = 0 func evals = 20 llf = -0.32498600E+01
0.12322973E+01 0.77874903E+00 0.35454084E-02 0.53089402E-02 0.58224511E-02
0.74242602E-02 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00
63 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.16132741E+00 0.83000000E+00
gradient step
iteration = 5 func evals = 42 llf = -0.12258625E+01
0.12318574E+01 0.78686999E+00 0.71004582E-02 0.29950288E-02- 0.17165933E-02
0.22439908E-01-0.22979072E-02-0.15762953E-02-0.45202553E-01 0.79387760E-03
0.20472605E-01-0.12733644E-02 0.14896700E+00 0.83555116E+00 iteration = 10 func evals = 67 llf = -0.59243258E+00
0.12161217E+01 0.78997986E+00 0.89231919E-02 0.12338246E-02 0.11519119E-02
0.21679336E-01-0.14154184E-01 0.42632210E-03-0.61753737E-01- 0.17593923E-02
0.28289591E-01-0.76267508E-02 0.12700203E+00 0.86828917E+00 iteration = 15 func evals = 98 llf = 0.32012996E+01
-0.30812320E-01 0.94869324E+00 0.12735268E-01 0.42080000E-02- 0.26591699E-02
0.17364137E-01-0.12493026E+01 0.64809037E-02-0.47793384E-01- 0.64595917E-03
0.62907106E-01-0.17224029E-01 0.11181107E+00 0.99359730E+00 iteration = 20 func evals = 131 llf = 0.40726352E+01
-0.21559681E-01 0.94558204E+00 0.13579963E-01 0.35212257E-02- 0.35345825E-02
0.18744437E-01-0.24484252E+01 0.12579474E-01-0.33214466E-01- 0.30566063E-03
0.95619161E-01-0.16401559E+00 0.15581977E+00 0.97240148E+00 iteration = 25 func evals = 227 llf = 0.44422795E+01
-0.24675025E+00 0.97589627E+00 0.15699989E-01 0.46630049E-02- 0.39807804E-02
0.19055344E-01-0.22291114E+01 0.11831230E-01-0.40507294E-01- 0.96009961E-03
0.93741487E-01-0.22344055E+00 0.16354052E+00 0.98916712E+00 iteration = 30 func evals = 293 llf = 0.58044215E+01
-0.33199809E+00 0.98646285E+00 0.17665257E-01 0.51232054E-02- 0.32474291E-02
0.18141918E-01-0.19511239E+01 0.10574955E-01-0.52281387E-01- 0.15875306E-02
0.91034118E-01-0.29361189E+00 0.17813618E+00 0.99998961E+00 iteration = 35 func evals = 325 llf = 0.61051646E+01
-0.31223201E+00 0.98375614E+00 0.18246998E-01 0.51956703E-02- 0.33614564E-02
0.19137257E-01-0.20256349E+01 0.10601108E-01-0.56344108E-01- 0.15697972E-02
0.95557415E-01-0.31702633E+00 0.18637567E+00 0.99999999E+00 iteration = 40 func evals = 342 llf = 0.61172914E+01
-0.31246885E+00 0.98378091E+00 0.18244492E-01 0.51957021E-02- 0.33600478E-02
64
0.19130315E-01-0.20261833E+01 0.10600200E-01-0.56316967E-01- 0.15699674E-02
0.95468107E-01-0.31685412E+00 0.18628708E+00 0.99999999E+00 pt better than entering pt cannot be found
iteration = 43 func evals = 365 llf = 0.61259472E+01
-0.31362419E+00 0.98398124E+00 0.18232715E-01 0.51958501E-02- 0.33531561E-02
0.19096281E-01-0.20288052E+01 0.10595774E-01-0.56183532E-01- 0.15708011E-02
0.95034667E-01-0.31600791E+00 0.18585744E+00 0.99999999E+00 the final mle estimates are :
coefficient standard-error t-ratio
beta 0 -0.31362419E+00 0.30295409E+00 -0.10352202E+01 beta 1 0.98398124E+00 0.32274261E-01 0.30488111E+02 beta 2 0.18232715E-01 0.18411664E-01 0.99028066E+00 beta 3 0.51958501E-02 0.32860197E-02 0.15811987E+01 beta 4 -0.33531561E-02 0.29705592E-02 -0.11287962E+01 beta 5 0.19096281E-01 0.92125853E-02 0.20728472E+01 delta 0 -0.20288052E+01 0.25094247E+01 -0.80847423E+00 delta 1 0.10595774E-01 0.10318697E-01 0.10268519E+01 delta 2 -0.56183532E-01 0.10998290E+00 -0.51083878E+00 delta 3 -0.15708011E-02 0.88802304E-02 -0.17688743E+00 delta 4 0.95034667E-01 0.92831223E-01 0.10237360E+01 delta 5 -0.31600791E+00 0.62958381E+00 -0.50193144E+00 sigma-squared 0.18585744E+00 0.23041639E+00 0.80661556E+00 gamma 0.99999999E+00 0.24837593E-04 0.40261549E+05 log likelihood function = 0.61259472E+01
LR test of the one-sided error = 0.20372199E+02 with number of restrictions = 7
[note that this statistic has a mixed chi-square distribution] number of iterations = 43
(maximum number of iterations set at : 100) number of cross-sections = 31
number of time periods = 1 total number of observations = 31 thus there are: 0 obsns not in the panel
65
covariance matrix :
0.91781180E-01 0.31233075E-02 -0.15260655E-01 -0.44412118E-03 0.23382548E-02
-0.93683160E-02 0.18395446E+01 -0.18913448E-02 0.77400947E-01 - 0.68585900E-03
-0.69265421E-01 0.45551622E+00 -0.16636349E+00 -0.10745377E-04
0.31233075E-02 0.10416279E-02 0.15705807E-02 0.56262870E-04 - 0.37705190E-03
0.17649807E-02 -0.26617945E+00 0.28431009E-03 -0.11627966E-01 0.96399132E-04
0.11771138E-01 -0.68799616E-01 0.26092704E-01 0.97382024E-06
-0.15260655E-01 0.15705807E-02 0.33898936E-03 -0.57218429E-05 0.72760479E-04
-0.29274208E-03 0.54874634E-01 -0.50033828E-04 0.24472110E-02 - 0.96066603E-05
-0.21914679E-02 0.14083943E-01 -0.52784289E-02 -0.27992463E-06
-0.44412118E-03 0.56262870E-04 -0.57218429E-05 0.10797925E-04 0.55149390E-05
-0.11080427E-04 0.65799066E-04 -0.61198982E-05 0.14041088E-04 0.44781895E-05
-0.74272351E-05 0.24382578E-03 -0.25589262E-04 0.56594986E-08
0.23382548E-02 -0.37705190E-03 0.72760479E-04 0.55149390E-05 0.88242221E-05
0.60274949E-04 -0.10974249E-01 0.71906210E-05 -0.50911036E-03 0.26328492E-05
0.45028102E-03 -0.28679110E-02 0.10812893E-02 0.53788660E-07
-0.93683160E-02 0.17649807E-02 -0.29274208E-03 -0.11080427E-04 0.60274949E-04
0.84871728E-04 0.50806945E-01 -0.49583940E-04 0.21825368E-02 - 0.12763951E-04
-0.19690150E-02 0.12708966E-01 -0.47395031E-02 -0.21903085E-06
0.18395446E+01 -0.26617945E+00 0.54874634E-01 0.65799066E-04 - 0.10974249E-01
0.50806945E-01 0.62972124E+01 0.13807775E-02 -0.35805775E+00 0.73365173E-03
0.28653001E+00 -0.19771981E+01 0.73670775E+00 0.32418689E-04
-0.18913448E-02 0.28431009E-03 -0.50033828E-04 -0.61198982E-05 0.71906210E-05
-0.49583940E-04 0.13807775E-02 0.10647552E-03 0.34355214E-03 - 0.44722244E-04
-0.27711805E-03 0.18531563E-02 -0.69399613E-03 -0.43267213E-07
0.77400947E-01 -0.11627966E-01 0.24472110E-02 0.14041088E-04 - 0.50911036E-03
0.21825368E-02 -0.35805775E+00 0.34355214E-03 0.12096239E-01 0.22739732E-03
66
0.14034232E-01 -0.87283913E-01 0.32448626E-01 0.14116644E-05
-0.68585900E-03 0.96399132E-04 -0.96066603E-05 0.44781895E-05 0.26328492E-05
-0.12763951E-04 0.73365173E-03 -0.44722244E-04 0.22739732E-03 0.78858492E-04
-0.44554059E-04 0.36817777E-03 -0.17667000E-03 -0.57931189E-08
-0.69265421E-01 0.11771138E-01 -0.21914679E-02 -0.74272351E-05 0.45028102E-03
-0.19690150E-02 0.28653001E+00 -0.27711805E-03 0.14034232E-01 - 0.44554059E-04
0.86176359E-02 0.76777503E-01 -0.30057572E-01 -0.24332693E-05
0.45551622E+00 -0.68799616E-01 0.14083943E-01 0.24382578E-03 - 0.28679110E-02
0.12708966E-01 -0.19771981E+01 0.18531563E-02 -0.87283913E-01 0.36817777E-03
0.76777503E-01 0.39637578E+00 0.18793639E+00 0.91028943E-05
-0.16636349E+00 0.26092704E-01 -0.52784289E-02 -0.25589262E-04 0.10812893E-02
-0.47395031E-02 0.73670775E+00 -0.69399613E-03 0.32448626E-01 - 0.17667000E-03
-0.30057572E-01 0.18793639E+00 0.53091712E-01 -0.39470749E-05
-0.10745377E-04 0.97382024E-06 -0.27992463E-06 0.56594986E-08 0.53788660E-07
-0.21903085E-06 0.32418689E-04 -0.43267213E-07 0.14116644E-05 - 0.57931189E-08
-0.24332693E-05 0.91028943E-05 -0.39470749E-05 0.61690605E-09
technical efficiency estimates : firm year eff.-est. 1 1 0.87097583E+00 2 1 0.95643189E+00 3 1 0.99253711E+00 4 1 0.41272841E+00 5 1 0.85281469E+00 6 1 0.99931535E+00 7 1 0.26777644E+00 8 1 0.96718454E+00 9 1 0.84243938E+00 10 1 0.78304226E+00 11 1 0.46486426E+00 12 1 0.76182212E+00 13 1 0.94368377E+00 14 1 0.81560457E+00
67 15 1 0.30720369E+00 16 1 0.47051432E+00 17 1 0.67858938E+00 18 1 0.95001445E+00 19 1 0.47969672E+00 20 1 0.87000158E+00 21 1 0.82172895E+00 22 1 0.62580473E+00 23 1 0.72830440E+00 24 1 0.90056062E+00 25 1 0.86888104E+00 26 1 0.61660313E+00 27 1 0.90609990E+00 28 1 0.92894450E+00 29 1 0.81032441E+00 30 1 0.62540412E+00 31 1 0.76021221E+00 mean efficiency = 0.75097125E+00
68
Lampiran 2 Output Frontier 4.1 Padi Konvensional Output from the program FRONTIER (Version 4.1c) instruction file = terminal
data file = y0-dta.txt
Tech. Eff. Effects Frontier (see B&C 1993) The model is a production function
The dependent variable is logged the ols estimates are :
coefficient standard-error t-ratio
beta 0 0.57548029E+01 0.10047650E+01 0.57275115E+01 beta 1 0.41966444E+00 0.20177852E+00 0.20798271E+01 beta 2 0.45169211E-01 0.18923054E+00 0.23869937E+00 beta 3 0.15823508E+00 0.17063321E+00 0.92734045E+00 beta 4 0.13747306E-01 0.34016826E-01 0.40413253E+00 beta 5 0.54104416E+00 0.28020289E+00 0.19309014E+01 sigma-squared 0.12905423E+00
log likelihood function = -0.89162671E+01 the estimates after the grid search were : beta 0 0.61284841E+01 beta 1 0.41966444E+00 beta 2 0.45169211E-01 beta 3 0.15823508E+00 beta 4 0.13747306E-01 beta 5 0.54104416E+00 delta 0 0.00000000E+00 delta 1 0.00000000E+00 delta 2 0.00000000E+00 delta 3 0.00000000E+00 delta 4 0.00000000E+00 delta 5 0.00000000E+00 sigma-squared 0.24371361E+00 gamma 0.90000000E+00
iteration = 0 func evals = 20 llf = -0.69650813E+01
0.61284841E+01 0.41966444E+00 0.45169211E-01 0.15823508E+00 0.13747306E-01
0.54104416E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00
69 gradient step
iteration = 5 func evals = 48 llf = -0.34684608E+01
0.61277024E+01 0.42706534E+00 0.49717669E-01 0.11947254E+00 0.75710843E-02
0.56310893E+00-0.41112629E-02 0.53086786E-03 0.18624768E+00 0.81538357E-02
-0.69113314E-01-0.94928752E-02 0.24918317E+00 0.88543638E+00 iteration = 10 func evals = 70 llf = -0.24271927E+01
0.61476534E+01 0.44549750E+00 0.10796371E+00-0.88326541E-02 0.15306248E-01
0.69413282E+00-0.20247240E+00 0.40749493E-02 0.19898415E+00 0.84784355E-02
-0.61456551E-01-0.24697002E+00 0.23148798E+00 0.92707271E+00 iteration = 15 func evals = 115 llf = 0.14395224E+01
0.57722451E+01 0.38046799E+00 0.79145815E-01 0.71197268E-01 0.23582682E-01
0.73501779E+00-0.33413041E+01 0.29217643E-01 0.25919119E+00 0.73882444E-02
0.54162523E-02-0.39776438E+00 0.11905019E+00 0.85666810E+00 iteration = 20 func evals = 199 llf = 0.17512154E+01
0.62770540E+01 0.46931798E+00 0.45700601E-01 0.73785521E-01 0.19350564E-01
0.58723748E+00-0.42269701E+01 0.29176968E-01 0.29284262E+00 0.11356372E-01
0.27309826E-01-0.41662675E+00 0.11115370E+00 0.77306497E+00 iteration = 25 func evals = 304 llf = 0.17605991E+01
0.62415083E+01 0.46416338E+00 0.46920500E-01 0.72042299E-01 0.20291385E-01
0.59896268E+00-0.46781267E+01 0.31673594E-01 0.31666103E+00 0.12513385E-01
0.31352442E-01-0.46691424E+00 0.11960380E+00 0.78967666E+00 iteration = 30 func evals = 385 llf = 0.17606866E+01
0.62390768E+01 0.46332205E+00 0.46835273E-01 0.72666789E-01 0.20350067E-01
0.59913925E+00-0.46685952E+01 0.31682458E-01 0.31636583E+00 0.12472950E-01
0.31143110E-01-0.46757892E+00 0.11966069E+00 0.79043443E+00 iteration = 31 func evals = 388 llf = 0.17606866E+01
0.62390768E+01 0.46332205E+00 0.46835273E-01 0.72666789E-01 0.20350067E-01
0.59913925E+00-0.46685952E+01 0.31682458E-01 0.31636583E+00 0.12472950E-01
0.31143110E-01-0.46757892E+00 0.11966069E+00 0.79043443E+00 the final mle estimates are :
70
beta 0 0.62390768E+01 0.91893459E+00 0.67894677E+01 beta 1 0.46332205E+00 0.18772087E+00 0.24681435E+01 beta 2 0.46835273E-01 0.13322406E+00 0.35155266E+00 beta 3 0.72666789E-01 0.12181173E+00 0.59655002E+00 beta 4 0.20350067E-01 0.27187305E-01 0.74851359E+00 beta 5 0.59913925E+00 0.25756876E+00 0.23261332E+01 delta 0 -0.46685952E+01 0.38862149E+01 -0.12013219E+01 delta 1 0.31682458E-01 0.27666913E-01 0.11451389E+01 delta 2 0.31636583E+00 0.20978584E+00 0.15080419E+01 delta 3 0.12472950E-01 0.14717494E-01 0.84749139E+00 delta 4 0.31143110E-01 0.52715952E-01 0.59077204E+00 delta 5 -0.46757892E+00 0.49780366E+00 -0.93928383E+00 sigma-squared 0.11966069E+00 0.85919792E-01 0.13927023E+01 gamma 0.79043443E+00 0.21202359E+00 0.37280494E+01 log likelihood function = 0.17606866E+01
LR test of the one-sided error = 0.21353907E+02 with number of restrictions = 7
[note that this statistic has a mixed chi-square distribution] number of iterations = 31
(maximum number of iterations set at : 100) number of cross-sections = 31
number of time periods = 1 total number of observations = 31 thus there are: 0 obsns not in the panel covariance matrix :
0.84444079E+00 0.16708876E+00 -0.56949746E-01 -0.36428144E-01 - 0.16056019E-01
-0.19438671E+00 -0.13567754E+00 -0.99033603E-02 0.12939376E-01 0.54619007E-02
0.17047755E-01 0.38156771E-01 -0.88263362E-02 -0.49850153E-01
0.16708876E+00 0.35239125E-01 -0.12132502E-01 -0.71355852E-02 - 0.35256190E-02
-0.38273110E-01 -0.54789076E-01 -0.18203160E-02 0.41904330E-02 0.12230017E-02
0.34530486E-02 0.64916530E-02 -0.18376506E-02 -0.11504648E-01
-0.56949746E-01 -0.12132502E-01 0.17748650E-01 -0.59938769E-02 0.11758226E-02
0.11096201E-01 -0.31226786E-01 0.10752744E-02 0.15124748E-02 - 0.39946622E-03
-0.14398185E-02 -0.87560435E-03 0.29791693E-02 0.10865055E-01
-0.36428144E-01 -0.71355852E-02 -0.59938769E-02 0.14838097E-01 - 0.33456191E-04
-0.26179637E-02 0.68378713E-01 -0.22189282E-03 -0.41180797E-02 - 0.22587160E-03
71 -0.43034682E-03 -0.25516033E-03 -0.32473834E-02 -0.97154111E-02
-0.16056019E-01 -0.35256190E-02 0.11758226E-02 -0.33456191E-04 0.73914954E-03
0.54946030E-02 0.29449935E-02 0.26142784E-03 -0.47075754E-03 - 0.17126582E-03
-0.36127962E-03 -0.42720072E-03 0.29668629E-03 0.15510344E-02
-0.19438671E+00 -0.38273110E-01 0.11096201E-01 -0.26179637E-02 0.54946030E-02
0.66341666E-01 0.70114226E-01 0.25907780E-02 -0.53991333E-02 - 0.16288453E-02
-0.51352080E-02 -0.12734173E-02 0.39652414E-02 0.21743376E-01
-0.13567754E+00 -0.54789076E-01 -0.31226786E-01 0.68378713E-01 0.29449935E-02
0.70114226E-01 0.15102667E+02 -0.80917832E-01 -0.78704939E+00 - 0.37973171E-01
-0.14495516E+00 0.14665386E+01 -0.24734462E+00 -0.32543898E+00
-0.99033603E-02 -0.18203160E-02 0.10752744E-02 -0.22189282E-03 0.26142784E-03
0.25907780E-02 -0.80917832E-01 0.76545806E-03 0.38850886E-02 0.54891589E-04
0.28186388E-03 -0.71226369E-02 0.15271263E-02 0.29823686E-02
0.12939376E-01 0.41904330E-02 0.15124748E-02 -0.41180797E-02 - 0.47075754E-03
-0.53991333E-02 -0.78704939E+00 0.38850886E-02 0.44010100E-01 0.23392969E-02
0.69540821E-02 -0.81546758E-01 0.13877829E-01 0.18542553E-01
0.54619007E-02 0.12230017E-02 -0.39946622E-03 -0.22587160E-03 - 0.17126582E-03
-0.16288453E-02 -0.37973171E-01 0.54891589E-04 0.23392969E-02 0.21660464E-03
0.45477087E-03 -0.41284458E-02 0.55385463E-03 0.30441542E-03
0.17047755E-01 0.34530486E-02 -0.14398185E-02 -0.43034682E-03 - 0.36127962E-03
-0.51352080E-02 -0.14495516E+00 0.28186388E-03 0.69540821E-02 0.45477087E-03
0.27789716E-02 -0.16669509E-01 0.14896165E-02 -0.35138672E-04
0.38156771E-01 0.64916530E-02 -0.87560435E-03 -0.25516033E-03 - 0.42720072E-03
-0.12734173E-02 0.14665386E+01 -0.71226369E-02 -0.81546758E-01 - 0.41284458E-02
-0.16669509E-01 0.24780848E+00 -0.24522486E-01 -0.28380310E-01
-0.88263362E-02 -0.18376506E-02 0.29791693E-02 -0.32473834E-02 0.29668629E-03
0.39652414E-02 -0.24734462E+00 0.15271263E-02 0.13877829E-01 0.55385463E-03
0.14896165E-02 -0.24522486E-01 0.73822106E-02 0.14416520E-01
-0.49850153E-01 -0.11504648E-01 0.10865055E-01 -0.97154111E-02 0.15510344E-02
72
0.21743376E-01 -0.32543898E+00 0.29823686E-02 0.18542553E-01 0.30441542E-03
-0.35138672E-04 -0.28380310E-01 0.14416520E-01 0.44954004E-01 technical efficiency estimates :
firm year eff.-est. 1 1 0.93495591E+00 2 1 0.69493004E+00 3 1 0.40155498E+00 4 1 0.91955770E+00 5 1 0.75011469E+00 6 1 0.87493621E+00 7 1 0.85550249E+00 8 1 0.77246798E+00 9 1 0.58305863E+00 10 1 0.30451612E+00 11 1 0.91090402E+00 12 1 0.89043643E+00 13 1 0.75381712E+00 14 1 0.84771178E+00 15 1 0.75040028E+00 16 1 0.91794346E+00 17 1 0.56730374E+00 18 1 0.66246270E+00 19 1 0.85799073E+00 20 1 0.76105689E+00 21 1 0.53314085E+00 22 1 0.92924150E+00 23 1 0.81503409E+00 24 1 0.75293363E+00 25 1 0.95078462E+00 26 1 0.82621860E+00 27 1 0.92280810E+00 28 1 0.89492116E+00 29 1 0.89269443E+00 30 1 0.93445151E+00 31 1 0.95846349E+00 mean efficiency = 0.78781658E+00
73 Lampiran 3 Output Minitab dan Frontier 4.1 Padi Semi Organik dalam ha
Regression Analysis: y versus LnBenih; LnN; LnP; LnK; LnPO; LnPsO; LnTK
The regression equation is
y = 6,73 - 0,071 LnBenih - 0,0647 LnN + 0,0516 LnP - 0,0023 LnK - 0,00827 LnPO + 0,0018 LnPsO + 0,470 LnTK
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P VIF Constant 6,7333 0,5612 12,00 0,000 LnBenih -0,0706 0,2055 -0,34 0,734 2,2 LnN -0,06472 0,02560 -2,53 0,019 4,2 LnP 0,05156 0,02029 2,54 0,018 3,2 LnK -0,00226 0,01300 -0,17 0,864 1,8 LnPO -0,008271 0,009016 -0,92 0,368 1,5 LnPsO 0,00177 0,01875 0,09 0,925 1,3 LnTK 0,4703 0,1327 3,54 0,002 1,8 S = 0,282445 R-Sq = 48,9% R-Sq(adj) = 33,3% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 7 1,75408 0,25058 3,14 0,018 Residual Error 23 1,83482 0,07977 Total 30 3,58891 Source DF Seq SS LnBenih 1 0,21884 LnN 1 0,05349 LnP 1 0,47800 LnK 1 0,00000 LnPO 1 0,00212 LnPsO 1 0,00011 LnTK 1 1,00152 Unusual Observations
Obs LnBenih y Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 15 3,22 7,6009 8,2766 0,1059 -0,6757 -2,58R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. Durbin-Watson statistic = 2,42112
74
Regression Analysis: y versus LnP; LbPO; LnPsO; LnTK
The regression equation is
y = 7,03 + 0,0136 LnP + 0,00438 LnPO + 0,0153 LnPsO + 0,340 LnTK Predictor Coef SE Coef T P VIF
Constant 7,0267 0,4819 14,58 0,000 LnP 0,01362 0,01348 1,01 0,321 1,2 LnPO 0,004382 0,008131 0,54 0,595 1,1 LnPsO 0,01526 0,01926 0,79 0,435 1,2 LnTK 0,3400 0,1128 3,01 0,006 1,1 S = 0,305169 R-Sq = 32,5% R-Sq(adj) = 22,2% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 4 1,16758 0,29189 3,13 0,031 Residual Error 26 2,42133 0,09313 Total 30 3,58891 Source DF Seq SS LnP 1 0,26841 LnPO 1 0,03704 LnPsO 1 0,01615 LnTK 1 0,84598 Unusual Observations
Obs LnP y Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 7 2,89 7,6962 8,3792 0,1536 -0,6830 -2,59R 15 2,89 7,6009 8,2726 0,0929 -0,6717 -2,31R 16 -6,91 7,7551 8,3629 0,1461 -0,6078 -2,27R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. Durbin-Watson statistic = 1,81900
75
Output from the program FRONTIER (Version 4.1c) (dalam ha)
Padi Semi Organik
instruction file = terminal data file = semiha-dta.txt
Tech. Eff. Effects Frontier (see B&C 1993) The model is a production function
The dependent variable is logged the ols estimates are :
coefficient standard-error t-ratio
beta 0 0.70266935E+01 0.48185729E+00 0.14582520E+02 beta 1 0.13620164E-01 0.13475137E-01 0.10107625E+01 beta 2 0.43817832E-02 0.81309282E-02 0.53890319E+00 beta 3 0.15263758E-01 0.19255226E-01 0.79270730E+00 beta 4 0.34004624E+00 0.11282298E+00 0.30139802E+01 sigma-squared 0.93127921E-01
log likelihood function = -0.44671793E+01 the estimates after the grid search were : beta 0 0.73633812E+01 beta 1 0.13620164E-01 beta 2 0.43817832E-02 beta 3 0.15263758E-01 beta 4 0.34004624E+00 delta 0 0.00000000E+00 delta 1 0.00000000E+00 delta 2 0.00000000E+00 delta 3 0.00000000E+00 delta 4 0.00000000E+00 delta 5 0.00000000E+00 sigma-squared 0.19146591E+00 gamma 0.93000000E+00
iteration = 0 func evals = 20 llf = -0.18968660E+01
0.73633812E+01 0.13620164E-01 0.43817832E-02 0.15263758E-01 0.34004624E+00
0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00
0.00000000E+00 0.19146591E+00 0.93000000E+00 gradient step
iteration = 5 func evals = 42 llf = 0.16650853E+01
0.73697031E+01-0.48600984E-02 0.58289646E-03 0.21715986E-01 0.34863951E+00
76
-0.29288894E-02 0.48087714E-02-0.67616559E-01-0.10015268E-01 0.25257362E-01
-0.26937665E-02 0.18050045E+00 0.95179059E+00 pt better than entering pt cannot be found
iteration = 10 func evals = 74 llf = 0.28468029E+01
0.73805337E+01-0.78800074E-02 0.16488010E-02 0.17539617E-01 0.33978104E+00
-0.69697230E-02 0.47514907E-02-0.77311415E-01-0.14160378E-01 0.36940115E-01
-0.62807939E-02 0.16953985E+00 0.99787633E+00 the final mle estimates are :
coefficient standard-error t-ratio
beta 0 0.73805337E+01 0.97033721E+00 0.76061534E+01 beta 1 -0.78800074E-02 0.13172271E+00 -0.59822695E-01 beta 2 0.16488010E-02 0.18408801E-01 0.89565911E-01 beta 3 0.17539617E-01 0.27796442E-01 0.63100224E+00 beta 4 0.33978104E+00 0.25781116E+00 0.13179454E+01 delta 0 -0.69697230E-02 0.99973683E+00 -0.69715577E-02 delta 1 0.47514907E-02 0.70490338E-01 0.67406268E-01 delta 2 -0.77311415E-01 0.19914807E+00 -0.38821072E+00 delta 3 -0.14160378E-01 0.22661159E-01 -0.62487440E+00 delta 4 0.36940115E-01 0.23012458E+00 0.16052225E+00 delta 5 -0.62807939E-02 0.99788282E+00 -0.62941197E-02 sigma-squared 0.16953985E+00 0.86713073E+00 0.19551821E+00 gamma 0.99787633E+00 0.42117542E+00 0.23692654E+01 log likelihood function = 0.28468029E+01
LR test of the one-sided error = 0.14627964E+02 with number of restrictions = 7
[note that this statistic has a mixed chi-square distribution] number of iterations = 10
(maximum number of iterations set at : 100) number of cross-sections = 31
number of time periods = 1 total number of observations = 31 thus there are: 0 obsns not in the panel covariance matrix :
77 0.94155430E+00 0.25430871E-01 0.51419589E-02 0.11628991E-01 - 0.22141617E+00
-0.35438456E-04 0.14369023E-01 -0.39495110E-01 0.41166530E-02 - 0.39437059E-01
0.39223780E-02 -0.48827085E-01 0.56673251E-02
0.25430871E-01 0.17350872E-01 0.23677810E-02 0.21377783E-02 - 0.21119873E-01
-0.16958455E-02 0.86808489E-03 -0.25164095E-01 0.25502720E-02 - 0.20270276E-01
0.44490757E-02 0.10862141E+00 -0.53713189E-01
0.51419589E-02 0.23677810E-02 0.33888395E-03 0.29979780E-03 - 0.32718530E-02
0.38240328E-03 0.10586838E-03 -0.34446000E-02 0.34244635E-03 - 0.27048878E-02
-0.41658781E-04 0.14664507E-01 -0.72041192E-02
0.11628991E-01 0.21377783E-02 0.29979780E-03 0.77264219E-03 - 0.40008564E-02
-0.75202791E-03 0.12473332E-02 -0.36851835E-02 0.33696242E-03 - 0.51084214E-02
-0.18208161E-02 0.90897250E-02 -0.62243369E-02
-0.22141617E+00 -0.21119873E-01 -0.32718530E-02 -0.40008564E-02 0.66466593E-01
0.17235070E-02 -0.34815447E-02 0.30927559E-01 -0.32089808E-02 0.25866625E-01
0.35828126E-02 -0.91198806E-01 0.48088611E-01
-0.35438456E-04 -0.16958455E-02 0.38240328E-03 -0.75202791E-03 0.17235070E-02
0.99947374E+00 -0.12282606E-01 -0.15872233E-01 -0.46742194E-02 0.10633963E-02
-0.77741916E-03 0.33891173E-02 0.11443852E-01
0.14369023E-01 0.86808489E-03 0.10586838E-03 0.12473332E-02 - 0.34815447E-02
-0.12282606E-01 0.49688878E-02 -0.35194501E-02 0.32457115E-03 - 0.12570487E-01
-0.28038031E-01 -0.35703644E-02 -0.45652694E-02
-0.39495110E-01 -0.25164095E-01 -0.34446000E-02 -0.36851835E-02 0.30927559E-01
-0.15872233E-01 -0.35194501E-02 0.39659952E-01 -0.35459250E-02 0.35552860E-01
-0.42802144E-02 -0.15492361E+00 0.78957569E-01
0.41166530E-02 0.25502720E-02 0.34244635E-03 0.33696242E-03 - 0.32089808E-02
-0.46742194E-02 0.32457115E-03 -0.35459250E-02 0.51352813E-03 - 0.33528988E-02
-0.47542813E-02 0.15478520E-01 -0.80659782E-02
-0.39437059E-01 -0.20270276E-01 -0.27048878E-02 -0.51084214E-02 0.25866625E-01
78
0.10633963E-02 -0.12570487E-01 0.35552860E-01 -0.33528988E-02 0.52957321E-01
0.49236662E-01 -0.10989679E+00 0.69344228E-01
0.39223780E-02 0.44490757E-02 -0.41658781E-04 -0.18208161E-02 0.35828126E-02
-0.77741916E-03 -0.28038031E-01 -0.42802144E-02 -0.47542813E-02 0.49236662E-01
0.99577012E+00 0.17869227E-01 0.21350350E-01
-0.48827085E-01 0.10862141E+00 0.14664507E-01 0.90897250E-02 - 0.91198806E-01
0.33891173E-02 -0.35703644E-02 -0.15492361E+00 0.15478520E-01 - 0.10989679E+00
0.17869227E-01 0.75191570E+00 -0.35445184E+00
0.56673251E-02 -0.53713189E-01 -0.72041192E-02 -0.62243369E-02 0.48088611E-01
0.11443852E-01 -0.45652694E-02 0.78957569E-01 -0.80659782E-02 0.69344228E-01
0.21350350E-01 -0.35445184E+00 0.17738873E+00 technical efficiency estimates :
firm year eff.-est. 1 1 0.91079699E+00 2 1 0.70017965E+00 3 1 0.98422390E+00 4 1 0.47458560E+00 5 1 0.64063204E+00 6 1 0.98818604E+00 7 1 0.38480930E+00 8 1 0.97990834E+00 9 1 0.94552242E+00 10 1 0.51616221E+00 11 1 0.64987163E+00 12 1 0.91631284E+00 13 1 0.91565889E+00 14 1 0.63995234E+00 15 1 0.38130064E+00 16 1 0.32957753E+00 17 1 0.61922043E+00 18 1 0.92756517E+00 19 1 0.55611751E+00 20 1 0.86040197E+00 21 1 0.80305513E+00 22 1 0.71225744E+00 23 1 0.78914826E+00 24 1 0.83190606E+00 25 1 0.77129052E+00
79 26 1 0.88806759E+00 27 1 0.84689089E+00 28 1 0.76049408E+00 29 1 0.70810966E+00 30 1 0.80701427E+00 31 1 0.97529335E+00 mean efficiency = 0.74885525E+00
80
Lampiran 4 Hasil Restriksi Padi Semi Organik
Number of Observations Read 31 Number of Observations Used 31 Analysis of Variance
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value Pr > F Model 6 0.66928 0.11155 0.92 0.5000 Error 24 2.91962 0.12165
Corrected Total 30 3.58891
Root MSE 0.34879 R-Square 0.1865 Dependent Mean 8.40564 Adj R-Sq -0.0169 Coeff Var 4.14942
Parameter Estimates Parameter Standard
Variable DF Estimate Error t Value Pr > |t| Intercept 1 4.86669 0.29912 16.27 <.0001 LnBenih 1 0.50987 0.16316 3.12 0.0046 LnN 1 -0.08812 0.03062 -2.88 0.0083 LnP 1 0.05470 0.02503 2.19 0.0389 LnK 1 -0.00635 0.01599 -0.40 0.6950 LnPO 1 -0.00533 0.01109 -0.48 0.6352 LnPsO 1 0.01383 0.02280 0.61 0.5498 LnTK 1 0.52139 0.16300 3.20 0.0039 RESTRICT -1 -1.74346 0.58384 -2.99 0.0012* * Probability computed using beta distribution.
81 Lampiran 5 Output Minitab dan Frontier 4.1 Padi Konvensional dalam ha
Regression Analysis: y versus LnBenih; LnN; LnP; LnK; LnPO; LnPK; LnTK
The regression equation is
y = 6,06 - 0,028 LnBenih + 0,253 LnN - 0,0121 LnP - 0,0139 LnK - 0,0039 LnPO - 0,032 LnPK + 0,339 LnTK
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P VIF Constant 6,0594 0,9591 6,32 0,000 LnBenih -0,0280 0,1877 -0,15 0,883 1,8 LnN 0,2529 0,2017 1,25 0,223 1,6 LnP -0,01208 0,02724 -0,44 0,662 1,6 LnK -0,01387 0,01978 -0,70 0,490 1,3 LnPO -0,00387 0,02913 -0,13 0,895 1,2 LnPK -0,0316 0,1040 -0,30 0,764 1,4 LnTK 0,3388 0,2020 1,68 0,107 2,5 S = 0,374923 R-Sq = 30,9% R-Sq(adj) = 9,9% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 7 1,4474 0,2068 1,47 0,227 Residual Error 23 3,2330 0,1406 Total 30 4,6804 Source DF Seq SS LnBenih 1 0,4815 LnN 1 0,2955 LnP 1 0,1660 LnK 1 0,0217 LnPO 1 0,0766 LnPK 1 0,0107 LnTK 1 0,3954 Unusual Observations
Obs LnBenih y Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 3 3,91 7,4674 8,1612 0,1982 -0,6938 -2,18R 10 2,93 7,3132 8,2633 0,1327 -0,9500 -2,71R 25 3,00 8,9872 8,2628 0,1641 0,7244 2,15R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. Durbin-Watson statistic = 1,85363
82
Regression Analysis: y versus LnN; LnTK
The regression equation is
y = 6,39 + 0,179 LnN + 0,321 LnTK
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P VIF Constant 6,3853 0,6941 9,20 0,000 LnN 0,1793 0,1595 1,12 0,270 1,1 LnTK 0,3207 0,1264 2,54 0,017 1,1 S = 0,345706 R-Sq = 28,5% R-Sq(adj) = 23,4% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 2 1,3341 0,6670 5,58 0,009 Residual Error 28 3,3463 0,1195 Total 30 4,6804 Source DF Seq SS LnN 1 0,5645 LnTK 1 0,7696 Unusual Observations
Obs LnN y Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 3 3,62 7,4674 8,2401 0,1355 -0,7728 -2,43R 10 4,23 7,3132 8,2557 0,0725 -0,9425 -2,79R 25 3,85 8,9872 8,3104 0,1093 0,6768 2,06R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. Durbin-Watson statistic = 1,76543
83
Output from the program FRONTIER (Version 4.1c)
Padi Konvensional
instruction file = terminal data file = O2K-dta.txt
Tech. Eff. Effects Frontier (see B&C 1993) The model is a production function
The dependent variable is logged the ols estimates are :
coefficient standard-error t-ratio
beta 0 0.63853357E+01 0.69406680E+00 0.91998863E+01 beta 1 0.17928017E+00 0.15945798E+00 0.11243098E+01 beta 2 0.32067090E+00 0.12636910E+00 0.25375738E+01 sigma-squared 0.11951244E+00
log likelihood function = -0.94822719E+01 the estimates after the grid search were : beta 0 0.67421218E+01 beta 1 0.17928017E+00 beta 2 0.32067090E+00 delta 0 0.00000000E+00 delta 1 0.00000000E+00 delta 2 0.00000000E+00 delta 3 0.00000000E+00 delta 4 0.00000000E+00 delta 5 0.00000000E+00 sigma-squared 0.23524303E+00 gamma 0.85000000E+00
iteration = 0 func evals = 20 llf = -0.80475761E+01
0.67421218E+01 0.17928017E+00 0.32067090E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00
0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.00000000E+00 0.23524303E+00
0.85000000E+00 gradient step
iteration = 5 func evals = 46 llf = -0.44476416E+01
0.67471833E+01 0.14914680E+00 0.34103209E+00-0.46105253E-02- 0.11507486E-01
0.18895882E+00 0.12387840E-01-0.48082323E-01-0.10014016E-01 0.23059602E+00
0.84339531E+00
84
0.77702097E+01-0.64130275E-01 0.32761491E+00-0.15632033E+01- 0.12094167E-01
0.25493332E+00 0.23011072E-01 0.54482950E-02-0.24272990E+00 0.12236895E+00
0.85931749E+00
iteration = 15 func evals = 140 llf = 0.79199150E+00
0.72709944E+01 0.53196582E-01 0.31588913E+00-0.31224779E+01 0.14742046E-01
0.24178676E+00 0.12030651E-01 0.29758948E-01-0.25933911E+00 0.97422408E-01
0.74801018E+00
iteration = 20 func evals = 243 llf = 0.94306767E+00
0.71543139E+01 0.74587764E-01 0.30892240E+00-0.38088751E+01 0.15644857E-01
0.27922132E+00 0.15501432E-01 0.40301794E-01-0.35400954E+00 0.91794194E-01
0.63440354E+00
iteration = 25 func evals = 348 llf = 0.95808580E+00
0.71513038E+01 0.70614776E-01 0.31396740E+00-0.42177382E+01 0.17061381E-01
0.30267999E+00 0.17039833E-01 0.45063450E-01-0.39967183E+00 0.10028172E+00
0.68055411E+00
iteration = 28 func evals = 390 llf = 0.95808586E+00
0.71514124E+01 0.70595935E-01 0.31396263E+00-0.42179292E+01 0.17064753E-01
0.30267988E+00 0.17038292E-01 0.45066215E-01-0.39966610E+00 0.10028023E+00
0.68055567E+00
the final mle estimates are :
coefficient standard-error t-ratio
beta 0 0.71514124E+01 0.53873525E+00 0.13274447E+02 beta 1 0.70595935E-01 0.12325597E+00 0.57275876E+00 beta 2 0.31396263E+00 0.92289990E-01 0.34019142E+01 delta 0 -0.42179292E+01 0.30260554E+01 -0.13938705E+01 delta 1 0.17064753E-01 0.18487723E-01 0.92303165E+00 delta 2 0.30267988E+00 0.16471816E+00 0.18375623E+01 delta 3 0.17038292E-01 0.13381555E-01 0.12732670E+01 delta 4 0.45066215E-01 0.45157734E-01 0.99797334E+00 delta 5 -0.39966610E+00 0.41370045E+00 -0.96607604E+00 sigma-squared 0.10028023E+00 0.61572142E-01 0.16286624E+01 gamma 0.68055567E+00 0.29798548E+00 0.22838552E+01 log likelihood function = 0.95808586E+00
85 LR test of the one-sided error = 0.20880715E+02
with number of restrictions = 7
[note that this statistic has a mixed chi-square distribution] number of iterations = 28
(maximum number of iterations set at : 100) number of cross-sections = 31
number of time periods = 1 total number of observations = 31 thus there are: 0 obsns not in the panel covariance matrix :
0.29023567E+00 -0.52092464E-01 -0.12013665E-01 0.81241513E-01 - 0.15189122E-02
-0.14476014E-02 0.54015428E-03 -0.12997311E-02 0.59772384E-01 0.42071209E-02
0.34967275E-01
-0.52092464E-01 0.15192033E-01 -0.43923041E-02 0.48909398E-01 0.22970652E-03
-0.38476604E-02 -0.43137930E-03 -0.58030250E-03 -0.23811272E-02 - 0.25513624E-02
-0.14820307E-01
-0.12013665E-01 -0.43923041E-02 0.85174422E-02 -0.33278910E-01 0.14022316E-04
0.25067209E-02 0.20290755E-03 0.35405538E-03 -0.68270816E-02 0.18853199E-02
0.10535856E-01
0.81241513E-01 0.48909398E-01 -0.33278910E-01 0.91570111E+01 - 0.37421715E-01
-0.47024451E+00 -0.27298791E-01 -0.11713904E+00 0.91809715E+00 - 0.11664083E+00
-0.35873553E+00
-0.15189122E-02 0.22970652E-03 0.14022316E-04 -0.37421715E-01 0.34179589E-03
0.14583188E-02 0.70612870E-05 0.33151486E-03 -0.29125622E-02 0.34557214E-03
0.10359025E-02
-0.14476014E-02 -0.38476604E-02 0.25067209E-02 -0.47024451E+00 0.14583188E-02
0.27132072E-01 0.18192455E-02 0.56459731E-02 -0.52306183E-01 0.70210886E-02
86
0.54015428E-03 -0.43137930E-03 0.20290755E-03 -0.27298791E-01 0.70612870E-05
0.18192455E-02 0.17906602E-03 0.33752416E-03 -0.34623708E-02 0.46873040E-03
0.15200211E-02
-0.12997311E-02 -0.58030250E-03 0.35405538E-03 -0.11713904E+00 0.33151486E-03
0.56459731E-02 0.33752416E-03 0.20392210E-02 -0.13346434E-01 0.12028759E-02
0.31569188E-02
0.59772384E-01 -0.23811272E-02 -0.68270816E-02 0.91809715E+00 - 0.29125622E-02
-0.52306183E-01 -0.34623708E-02 -0.13346434E-01 0.17114807E+00 - 0.10867214E-01
-0.24914437E-01
0.42071209E-02 -0.25513624E-02 0.18853199E-02 -0.11664083E+00 0.34557214E-03
0.70210886E-02 0.46873040E-03 0.12028759E-02 -0.10867214E-01 0.37911286E-02
0.15482938E-01
0.34967275E-01 -0.14820307E-01 0.10535856E-01 -0.35873553E+00 0.10359025E-02
0.22682898E-01 0.15200211E-02 0.31569188E-02 -0.24914437E-01 0.15482938E-01
0.88795345E-01
technical efficiency estimates : firm year eff.-est. 1 1 0.92089176E+00 2 1 0.71097830E+00 3 1 0.38626081E+00 4 1 0.90611798E+00 5 1 0.74818317E+00 6 1 0.89937255E+00 7 1 0.82690958E+00 8 1 0.64389820E+00 9 1 0.63906336E+00 10 1 0.32077842E+00 11 1 0.91356041E+00 12 1 0.89322253E+00 13 1 0.66136865E+00 14 1 0.83935967E+00 15 1 0.71975025E+00 16 1 0.91765217E+00 17 1 0.58566245E+00 18 1 0.70200804E+00
87 19 1 0.91397301E+00 20 1 0.83154548E+00 21 1 0.58673749E+00 22 1 0.94326271E+00 23 1 0.85554281E+00 24 1 0.83429867E+00 25 1 0.94641707E+00 26 1 0.90894869E+00 27 1 0.92028388E+00 28 1 0.86034405E+00 29 1 0.87246650E+00 30 1 0.94008304E+00 31 1 0.96077282E+00 mean efficiency = 0.79386176E+00
88
Lampiran 6 Hasil Restriksi Padi Konvensional
Number of Observations Read 31 Number of Observations Used 31 Analysis of Variance
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value Pr > F Model 6 0.54462 0.09077 0.53 0.7824 Error 24 4.13581 0.17233
Corrected Total 30 4.68044
Root MSE 0.41512 R-Square 0.1164 Dependent Mean 8.38058 Adj R-Sq -0.1045 Coeff Var 4.95337
Parameter Estimates Parameter Standard
Variable DF Estimate Error t Value Pr > |t| Intercept 1 4.24762 0.70789 6.00 <.0001 LnBenih 1 0.07721 0.20274 0.38 0.7067 LnN 1 0.49941 0.19568 2.55 0.0175 LnP 1 -0.00782 0.03010 -0.26 0.7973 LnK 1 -0.02201 0.02161 -1.02 0.3187 LnPO 1 0.01071 0.03162 0.34 0.7378 LnPK 1 -0.02156 0.11508 -0.19 0.8530 LnTK 1 0.46406 0.21689 2.14 0.0428 RESTRICT -1 -1.81402 0.79255 -2.29 0.0185* * Probability computed using beta distribution.
89
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Penulis dilahirkan di Karanganyar, Propinsi Jawa Tengah pada tanggal 4 Mei 1988. Penulis merupakan anak pertama dari Bapak Surono dan Ibu Sri Wahyuningsih.
Tahun 2000 penulis lulus dari SD Negeri IV Citeureup, kemudian pada tahun 2003 penulis menyelesaikan studi di SMP Negeri 1 Cibinong. Selanjutnya penulis lulus dari SMA Negeri 3 Bogor pada tahun 2005. Tahun 2005 penulis diterima di IPB melalui USMI. Penulis menyelesaikan studi di Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian pada tahun 2009. Tahun 2010- 2011 penulis bekerja di salah satu perusahan milik negara sebagai staf pupuk dan pestisida.
Tahun 2011 penulis diterima di IPB sebagai mahasiswa pascasarjana Magister Sains Agribisnis, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen.