Informasi tentang penyerbukan dan morfologi bunga terkait dengan ekspresi seks tanaman dapat digunakan untuk mengatur bentuk, ukuran dan mutu buah pepaya.
Tanaman betina menghasilkan bunga betina dan tanaman hermafrodit menghasilkan bunga hermafrodit dan ekspresi seks bunga tanaman pepaya baru diketahui setelah tanaman berbunga. Karakter bunga betina dan hermafrodit pepaya genotipe IPB 1 mempunyai perbedaan dalam: bentuk bunga, keberadaan benang sari, jumlah lekukan pada tangkai kepala putik, perkembangan bunga menjadi bakal buah (4-5 hari pada bunga betina, dan 5-7 hari pada bunga hermafrodit). Buah pepaya betina memiliki nisbah Panjang/Diameter (P/D) antara 1.1-1.5 sehingga bentuk buahnya membulat. Buah pepaya hermafrodit cenderung berbentuk lonjong dengan nisbah P/D berkisar 1.5-2.3.
Letak benang sari terhadap stigma bunga pepaya IPB 1, IPB 3 dan IPB 4 (kategori buah kecil) berdekatan, sedangkan pada genotipe pepaya IPB 2, IPB 7 dan IPB 8 (kategori buah besar) letak benang sari di bawah stigma. Tabung sari dalam empat jam perkecambahan untuk pepaya kategori buah kecil (IPB 1, IPB 3 dan IPB 4) tumbuh paling panjang, sementara jarak antara stigma dengan bakal buah pendek. Pola pertumbuhan panjang dan diameter buah pepaya genotipe IPB 1 (kategori buah kecil) dan IPB 2 (kategori buah besar) adalah kurva sigmoid tunggal.
Penyerbukan bunga pepaya secara alami menghasilkan mutu buah yang baik. Pengendalian penyerbukan dengan pengurangan benang sari, pengurangan cuping stigma pada bunga pepaya hermafrodit genotipe IPB 3 (kategori buah kecil) menurunkan mutu kimia buah tetapi tidak mempengaruhi mutu fisik buah. Pengurangan cuping stigma bunga hermafrodit yang disertai dengan penyungkupan pada pepaya genotipe IPB 3 menyebabkan pengurangan dalam bobot buah, tebal daging buah dan jumlah biji. Pengurangan benang sari, pengurangan cuping stigma dan penyungkupan pada bunga pepaya hermafrodit genotipe IPB 2 (kategori buah besar) menurunkan mutu fisik buah tetapi tidak
mengurangi mutu kimia buah. Pengurangan cuping stigma bunga betina genotipe IPB 3 mengurangi jumlah biji dan bobot biji. Penghalangan penyerbukan dengan menyungkup bunga betina menghasilkan buah pepaya betina yang tidak berbiji. Mutu fisik dan kimia buah pepaya hermafrodit IPB 3 tidak dipengaruhi genotipe sumber serbuk sari.
Mutu buah pepaya yang paling sesuai untuk tujuan konsumsi segar adalah pada stadia kematangan IV (persentase warna kuning pada kulit buah 75 %). Waktu petik buah pepaya berdasarkan persentase warna kuning pada kulit buah menghasilkan mutu buah lebih baik daripada berdasarkan jumlah hari setelah antesis. Pepaya genotipe IPB 1, IPB 2A, IPB 3, IPB 3A, IPB 4, IPB 7, IPB 8, dan IPB 9 pada umumnya memiliki mutu buah yang sama, tetapi pada karakter tertentu beberapa genotipe lebih baik dari genotipe lainnya. Kandungan padatan terlarut total (PTT) dan Asam tertitrasi total (ATT) daging buah pepaya meningkat dengan semakin tua umur petik dan semakin lamanya waktu simpan. Daya simpan buah pepaya yang paling lama terdapat pada genotipe IPB 10A yaitu 8-9 hari, sedangkan untuk genotipe lainnya mempunyai daya simpan yang sama yaitu 6-7 hari.
Saran
1. Hasil penelitian morfologi bunga, pola penyerbukan dan perkembangan buah dapat digunakan sebagai dasar penyusunan strategi pemuliaan pepaya.
2. Penanaman pepaya untuk tujuan produksi dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai genotipe pada kebun berdekatan.
3. Penentuan kriteria panen buah pepaya sebaiknya berdasarkan stadia warna pada kulit buah.
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