Saran - ANALISIS PENGARUH NON PERFORMING FINANCING (NPF) DAN EFFICIENCY OPERATIONAL (BOPO) TERH

BAB V PENUTUP

C. Saran

Dengan telah dilakukannya pengujian pada pengaruh NPF dan BOPO terhadap ROA dengan CAR sebagai variabel intervening (Studi Kasus Bank Umum Syariah Periode 2014-2017) peneliti memberikan saran :

1. Pada penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambah variabel variabel yang lebih dominan dalam meningkatkan ROA Bank Umum Syariah seperti DPK, FDR dll.

2. Diharapkan dapat menambah populasi dalam penelitian agar hasil yang diharapkan lebih baik dan lebih akurat seperti menambah populasi dengan adanya Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah dan Unit-Unit Syariah.

3. Diharapkan dalam penelitian selanjutnya untuk menambah periode waktu agar data semakin banyak dan memiliki hasil lebih baik dari penelitian ini.

4. Pada penelitian ini hanya menggunakan kebijakan ekonomi mikro, maka diharapkan dalam penelitian selanjutnya dapat ditambahkan variabel makro dalam variabel independennya seperti Inflasi, Suku Bunga dll. 5. Untuk perbankan syariah dalam meningkatkan ROA atau profitabilitas

dapat melakukan penanganan dalam mengatasi rasio keuangan dalam bank, seperti menjaga nilai modal supaya dalam posisi aman, menjaga KAP atau Kualitas Aktiva Produktif dengan lebih cermat dan hati - hati dalam melakukan pemberian pembiayaan.

6. Hasil dari penelitian ini memerlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk memperkuat hasil kebenaran teorinya.

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LAMPIRAN I DATA UTAMA BUS PERIODE 2014-2017

No. Nama Bank Tahun NPF BOPO CAR ROA

1 BMI 2014 6,55 64,81 13,91 0,17 2015 7,11 97,41 12,36 0,20 2016 3,83 97,76 12,74 0,22 2017 4,43 97,68 13,62 0,11 2 BMS 2014 3,89 97,61 18,82 0,29 2015 4,26 99,51 18,74 0,30 2016 3,30 88,16 23,53 2,63 2017 2,95 89,16 22,19 1,56 3 BPS 2014 0,53 82,58 25,69 1,12 2015 2,63 89,29 20,30 1,99 2016 2,26 96,17 18,17 0,37 2017 12,52 217,40 11,51 -10,77 4 BNIS 2014 1,86 89,80 18,43 1,27 2015 2,53 89,63 15,48 1,43 2016 2,94 86,88 14,92 1,44 2017 2,89 87,62 20,14 1,31 5 BRIS 2014 4,60 99,77 12,89 0,08 2015 4,86 93,79 13,94 0,76 2016 4,57 91,33 20,63 0,95 2017 6,43 95,24 20,29 0,51 6 BSM 2014 6,84 100,60 14,12 -0,04 2015 6,06 94,78 12,85 0,56 2016 4,92 94,12 14,01 0,59 2017 4,53 94,44 15,89 0,59 7 BCAS 2014 0,12 88,11 29,57 0,76 2015 0,70 94,14 34,30 0,96 2016 0,50 89,18 36,78 1,13 2017 0,32 87,20 29,39 1,17 8 BJBS 2014 5,91 96,94 15,83 0,69 2015 6,93 98,78 22,53 0,25 2016 17,91 122,77 18,25 -8,09 2017 22,04 134,63 16,25 -5,69 9 BSB 2014 4,07 96,77 14,80 0,27 2015 2,99 91,99 16,31 0,79 2016 7,63 109,62 15,15 -1,12 2017 7,85 99,20 19,20 0,02 10 BVS 2014 7,10 143,31 15,27 -1,87 2015 9,80 119,19 16,14 -2,36 2016 7,21 131,34 15,98 -2,19 2017 4,59 96,02 19,29 0,36

11 MSI 2014 5,04 69,62 52,14 3,60 2015 35,15 192,60 38,40 -20,13 2016 43,99 160,28 56,06 -9,51 2017 0,00 83,36 75,83 5,50 12 BTPN 2014 0,87 87,78 32,78 4,23 2015 0,17 85,82 19,96 5,24 2016 0,2 75,14 23,8 8,98 2017 0,05 68,81 28,91 11,19 Keterangan :

BMI = Bank Muamalat Indonesia

BMS = Bank Mega Syariah

BPS = Bank Panin Syariah

BNIS = Bank Nasional Indonesia Syariah

BRIS = Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah

BSM = Bank Syariah Mandiri

BCAS = Bank Central Asia Syariah

BJBS = Bank Jabar Banten Syariah

BSB = Bank Syariah Bukopin

BVS = Bank Victoria Syariah

MSI = Maybank Syariah Indonesia

LAMPIRAN UJI ANALISIS DATA 1. Uji Stasioneritas

a. Variabel NPF

Panel unit root test: Summary Series: NPF

Date: 08/21/18 Time: 21:00 Sample: 2014 2017

Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags

Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0

Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test

Cross-

Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs

Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)

Levin, Lin & Chu t* -7.57077 0.0000 12 36 Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)

ADF - Fisher Chi-square 22.3436 0.5588 12 36 PP - Fisher Chi-square 29.1175 0.2157 12 36 ** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.

b. Variabel BOPO

Panel unit root test: Summary Series: BOPO

Date: 08/21/18 Time: 20:56 Sample: 2014 2017

Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags

Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0

Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test

Cross-

Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs

Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)

Levin, Lin & Chu t* -609.055 0.0000 12 36 Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)

ADF - Fisher Chi-square 45.7243 0.0048 12 36 PP - Fisher Chi-square 53.1710 0.0005 12 36 ** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.

c. Variabel CAR

Panel unit root test: Summary Series: CAR

Date: 08/21/18 Time: 20:59 Sample: 2014 2017

Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags

Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0

Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test

Cross-

Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs

Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)

Levin, Lin & Chu t* -2.91761 0.0018 12 36 Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)

ADF - Fisher Chi-square 17.1716 0.8413 12 36 PP - Fisher Chi-square 19.1379 0.7446 12 36 ** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.

d. Variabel ROA

Panel unit root test: Summary Series: ROA

Date: 08/21/18 Time: 21:00 Sample: 2014 2017

Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags

Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0

Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test

Cross-

Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs

Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)

Levin, Lin & Chu t* -567.844 0.0000 12 36 Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)

ADF - Fisher Chi-square 36.2325 0.0521 12 36 PP - Fisher Chi-square 41.2506 0.0156 12 36 ** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.

2. Uji Asumsi Klasik

a. Uji Multikolinieritas Auxiliry 1) Regresi Variabel NPF

Dependent Variable: NPF

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 21:42

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (balanced) observations: 48

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -17.41550 3.705955 -4.699327 0.0000 BOPO 0.209480 0.027231 7.692690 0.0000 CAR 0.109253 0.080045 1.364902 0.1791 Effects Specification S.D. Rho Cross-section random 2.843076 0.2669 Idiosyncratic random 4.712320 0.7331 Weighted Statistics

R-squared 0.560218 Mean dependent var 3.967211 Adjusted R-squared 0.540672 S.D. dependent var 7.064858 S.E. of regression 4.788118 Sum squared resid 1031.673 F-statistic 28.66171 Durbin-Watson stat 1.955940 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

2) Regresi Variabel BOPO

Dependent Variable: BOPO

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 21:43

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (balanced) observations: 48

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 95.32089 6.844853 13.92592 0.0000

NPF 2.662897 0.347441 7.664311 0.0000

CAR -0.479314 0.258843 -1.851755 0.0706 Effects Specification

S.D. Rho

Cross-section random 7.390567 0.1486

Idiosyncratic random 17.69003 0.8514

Weighted Statistics

R-squared 0.571706 Mean dependent var 77.66740 Adjusted R-squared 0.552670 S.D. dependent var 26.48576 S.E. of regression 17.71439 Sum squared resid 14120.98 F-statistic 30.03398 Durbin-Watson stat 1.642748 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

3) Regresi Variabel CAR

Dependent Variable: CAR

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 21:44

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (balanced) observations: 48

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 32.03288 4.690283 6.829625 0.0000 NPF -0.083746 0.162147 -0.516483 0.6080 BOPO -0.091495 0.042000 -2.178470 0.0346 Effects Specification S.D. Rho Cross-section random 10.30447 0.8325 Idiosyncratic random 4.622320 0.1675 Weighted Statistics

R-squared 0.230482 Mean dependent var 4.869826 Adjusted R-squared 0.196282 S.D. dependent var 5.439977 S.E. of regression 4.876957 Sum squared resid 1070.312 F-statistic 6.739099 Durbin-Watson stat 1.005035 Prob(F-statistic) 0.002754

4) Regresi Variabel ROA

Dependent Variable: ROA

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 21:42

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (balanced) observations: 48

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 8.877568 1.632894 5.436707 0.0000 NPF -0.246853 0.051030 -4.837423 0.0000 BOPO -0.085653 0.014149 -6.053643 0.0000 CAR 0.061304 0.031722 1.932526 0.0597 Effects Specification S.D. Rho Cross-section random 1.326315 0.4152 Idiosyncratic random 1.574082 0.5848 Weighted Statistics

R-squared 0.851430 Mean dependent var 0.019350 Adjusted R-squared 0.841301 S.D. dependent var 3.988990 S.E. of regression 1.589097 Sum squared resid 111.1101 F-statistic 84.05251 Durbin-Watson stat 2.231494 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

b. Uji Normalitas

1) Uji Normalitas Pertama

0 4 8 12 16 20 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Series: Standardized Residuals Sample 2014 2017 Observations 48 Mean 6.66e-16 Median -0.074681 Maximum 6.446248 Minimum -6.188033 Std. Dev. 1.937221 Skewness 0.380752 Kurtosis 6.574635 Jarque-Bera 26.71581 Probability 0.000002

2) Uji Normalitas Kedua 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Series: Standardized Residuals Sample 2014 2017 Observations 38 Mean -0.016536 Median 0.252888 Maximum 1.067923 Minimum -1.839749 Std. Dev. 0.783589 Skewness -0.720031 Kurtosis 2.559986 Jarque-Bera 3.590035 Probability 0.166125 c. Uji Autokorelasi

R-squared 0.554277 Mean dependent var -0.151947 Adjusted R-squared 0.514949 S.D. dependent var 0.946535 S.E. of regression 0.658570 Sum squared resid 14.74630 F-statistic 14.09353 Durbin-Watson stat 1.775987 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000004

d. Uji Heteroskedastisitas dengan Metode Glejser

Dependent Variable: RESABS

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:47

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 38

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 2.128064 0.861750 2.469467 0.0187 NPF 0.052947 0.036739 1.441196 0.1587 BOPO -0.016712 0.008917 -1.874064 0.0695 CAR -0.006858 0.006999 -0.979824 0.3341 Effects Specification S.D. Rho Cross-section random 0.133284 0.1016 Idiosyncratic random 0.396279 0.8984

Weighted Statistics

R-squared 0.151098 Mean dependent var 0.550936 Adjusted R-squared 0.076195 S.D. dependent var 0.402746 S.E. of regression 0.390228 Sum squared resid 5.177456 F-statistic 2.017248 Durbin-Watson stat 1.317500 Prob(F-statistic) 0.129971

Unweighted Statistics

R-squared 0.134658 Mean dependent var 0.652040 Sum squared resid 5.687792 Durbin-Watson stat 1.199288

3. Analisis Statistik (Uji Regresi)

a. Estimasi Model Regresi Data Panel

1) Model Regresi Common Effect

Dependent Variable: LOGROA Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:00 Sample: 2014 2017

Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 38

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 5.652585 1.686126 3.352410 0.0020

NPF -0.290880 0.068303 -4.258678 0.0002 BOPO -0.057818 0.017662 -3.273544 0.0024

CAR 0.012666 0.013135 0.964263 0.3417

R-squared 0.648708 Mean dependent var -0.258742 Adjusted R-squared 0.617712 S.D. dependent var 1.319800 S.E. of regression 0.816025 Akaike info criterion 2.530557 Sum squared resid 22.64049 Schwarz criterion 2.702935 Log likelihood -44.08058 Hannan-Quinn criter. 2.591888 F-statistic 20.92856 Durbin-Watson stat 1.191279 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

2) Model Regresi Fixed Effect

Dependent Variable: LOGROA Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:01 Sample: 2014 2017

Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 38

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 5.187094 1.884007 2.753224 0.0113

NPF -0.321975 0.112093 -2.872376 0.0086 BOPO -0.048306 0.018250 -2.646901 0.0144 CAR -0.000161 0.030446 -0.005278 0.9958

Effects Specification Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)

R-squared 0.830815 Mean dependent var -0.258742 Adjusted R-squared 0.727832 S.D. dependent var 1.319800 S.E. of regression 0.688536 Akaike info criterion 2.378883 Sum squared resid 10.90388 Schwarz criterion 3.025299 Log likelihood -30.19878 Hannan-Quinn criter. 2.608873 F-statistic 8.067537 Durbin-Watson stat 2.400831 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000007

3) Model Regresi Random Effect

Dependent Variable: LOGROA

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:02

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 38

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 5.157633 1.648285 3.129090 0.0036 NPF -0.294637 0.079212 -3.719611 0.0007 BOPO -0.052066 0.016513 -3.153002 0.0034 CAR 0.012915 0.015395 0.838942 0.4074 Effects Specification S.D. Rho Cross-section random 0.540974 0.3817 Idiosyncratic random 0.688536 0.6183 Weighted Statistics

Unweighted Statistics

R-squared 0.647338 Mean dependent var -0.258742 Sum squared resid 22.72881 Durbin-Watson stat 1.152248

b. Pemilihan Model Regresi 1) Uji Chow

Redundant Fixed Effects Tests Equation: Untitled

Test cross-section fixed effects

Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob.

Cross-section F 2.250593 (11,23) 0.0487

Cross-section Chi-square 27.763617 11 0.0035

Cross-section fixed effects test equation: Dependent Variable: LOGROA

Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:01 Sample: 2014 2017

Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 38

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 5.652585 1.686126 3.352410 0.0020

NPF -0.290880 0.068303 -4.258678 0.0002 BOPO -0.057818 0.017662 -3.273544 0.0024

CAR 0.012666 0.013135 0.964263 0.3417

2) Uji Hausman

Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test Equation: Untitled

Test cross-section random effects

Test Summary

Chi-Sq.

Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob.

Cross-section random 0.652157 3 0.8844

Cross-section random effects test comparisons:

Variable Fixed Random Var(Diff.) Prob. NPF -0.321975 -0.294637 0.006290 0.7303 BOPO -0.048306 -0.052066 0.000060 0.6284 CAR -0.000161 0.012915 0.000690 0.6186

Cross-section random effects test equation: Dependent Variable: LOGROA

Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:02 Sample: 2014 2017

Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 38

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 5.187094 1.884007 2.753224 0.0113

NPF -0.321975 0.112093 -2.872376 0.0086 BOPO -0.048306 0.018250 -2.646901 0.0144 CAR -0.000161 0.030446 -0.005278 0.9958

Effects Specification Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)

3) Uji Lagrange Multiplier

Lagrange Multiplier Tests for Random Effects Null hypotheses: No effects

Alternative hypotheses: Two-sided (Breusch-Pagan) and one-sided (all others) alternatives

Test Hypothesis

Cross-section Time Both Breusch-Pagan 5.006442 0.277325 5.283766 (0.0253) (0.5985) (0.0215) Honda 2.237508 0.526616 1.954531 (0.0126) (0.2992) (0.0253) King-Wu 2.237508 0.526616 1.522490 (0.0126) (0.2992) (0.0639) Standardized Honda 2.826923 0.932512 -0.643188 (0.0023) (0.1755) -- Standardized King-Wu 2.826923 0.932512 -0.744763 (0.0023) (0.1755) -- Gourierioux, et al.* -- -- 5.283766 (< 0.05) *Mixed chi-square asymptotic critical values:

1% 7.289

5% 4.321

c. Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis)

1) Uji Regresi Model Pertama dengan Random Effect

Dependent Variable: LOGROA

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:03

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 38

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

Unweighted Statistics

R-squared 0.647338 Mean dependent var -0.258742 Sum squared resid 22.72881 Durbin-Watson stat 1.152248

2) Uji Regresi Model Kedua dengan Random Effect

Dependent Variable: CAR

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects) Date: 08/21/18 Time: 22:06

Sample: 2014 2017 Periods included: 4 Cross-sections included: 12

Total panel (balanced) observations: 48

Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

Unweighted Statistics

R-squared -0.076680 Mean dependent var 22.25187 Sum squared resid 7773.674 Durbin-Watson stat 0.138377

Dalam dokumen ANALISIS PENGARUH NON PERFORMING FINANCING (NPF) DAN EFFICIENCY OPERATIONAL (BOPO) TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) DENGAN CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR) SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Kasus Bank Umum Syariah Periode 2014 - 2017) (Halaman 115-142)