• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

7.2 Saran

Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, peneliti mengemukakan beberapa saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya sebagai berikut :

92 1. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui potensi efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun kelor apabila dilakukan perlakuan dalam konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dan waktu yang berbeda.

2. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel pada kelompok penelitian dengan jumlah yang lebih banyak.

3. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai kandungan aktif dari daun kelor.

93

93 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abdullah. H. A, 2016. Comparative Evaluation of Nanocomposite and Microhybrid. Journal of Al Rafidain University College. Issue No.37:358-72.

Adebayo, O. A. Burrow, M. F. Tyas, M. J. 2007. Effects of conditioners on microshear bond strength to enamel after CP bleaching and/or casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP- ACP) treatment. J Dent . Vol 35:862-70.

Alqahtani M. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. The Saudi Dental Journal 2014; 26:35-41.

Alqahtani . M. Q ., 2014. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Saudi Dental Journal, 157 :14-8.

Al Awdah AS, Al Habdan AHA, Al Muhaisen N, Al halifah R. The effect of different forms of antioxidant surface treatment on the shear bond strength of composite restorations to bonded to office bleached enamel. RRJDS. 2016;4:5-11.

Ameer , A.A, Abdulla, M. W. Al-Shamma. 2018. Effect of Delayed Bonding and Different Antioxidants on Composite Restoration Microleakage of Internally Bleached Teeth. Adv Dent &

Oral Health 9(3): 1-6

Anusavice, K.J., 2003. Phillips : Science of Dental Materials. Ed.Ke-10. Elsevier Science, St Louis. Hal : 80-5,110- 15,125-27,245-49.

Anwar, S., Yulianti,W., Hakim, A., Fasya, G., Fauziyah, B., dan Muti’ah. R., 2014. Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Akuades (Suhu Kamar) Dan Akuades Panas (70 oC) Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) Terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina Leach. Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Maulana;2008:41-8.

Arumugam, M. T, Nesamani, R, Kittappa, K, Sanjeev, K, Sekar, M. 2014. Effect of various antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel: An in vitro study.

J Conserv Dent. Vol 17:22-6.

Barbosa, C. M, Sasaki, R. T, Florio, F. M, Sasting, R. T. 2008. Influence of time on bond strength after bleaching with 35% HP. J Contemp Dent Pract . Vol 9:81-8.

Basting, R. T, Freitas, P. M, Pimenta, L. A. F, Serra, M. C. 2004. Shear bond strength after dentin bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide agents. Braz Oral Res. Vol 18(2):162-7.

Berger S. B, Pazenhagen, R, Martinelli, N. 2014. Effect of bleaching agents on the exural strength of bovine dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract. Vol 15:24-7.

94 Bose, C.K., 2007, Possible role of Moringa Oleifera L. root in epithelial ovarian cancer, MedGenMed, 9(1): 26.

Breschi L, Cadenaro M, Antoniolli F, Visintini E, Toledano M, Di Lenarda R. Extent of polymerization of dental bonding systems on bleached enamel. Am J Dent 2007;20:275-80.

Carlos , R. G, Kand, F. A, Alessandra, B. B. 2006. The effects of antioxidant agents as neutralizers of bleaching agents on enamel bond strength. Braz J Oral Sci. Vol 5(16):971-76 Chan. K. H.S , Mai. Y , Kim. H , Tong. K. C. T , Ng. D, Hsiao. J.C.M . 2010. Review: Resin Composite Filling. Materials. 3, 1228-43.

Costa. S.X.S , Becker.A B , Rastelli. A. N. S, Loffredo. L. C .M , Andrade. M. F, Bagnato. V. S.

2009. Effect of Four Bleaching Regimens on Color Changes and Microhardness of Dental Nanofilled Composite. International Journal of Dentistry:1-7.

Craig, R(Eds). Restorative Dental Materials. 13th ed. Missouri: Elsevier.2012.p:161- 98.

Dewisari IL, Trimurni A. Pengaruh bahan pemutih gigi hidrogen peroksida 35% terhadap shear bond strength resin komposit nanopartikel dengan bahan adhesif total etch (penelitian in vitro).

2014.

Ditaprilia. M, Hardjono. S, Danusastro. D. S,. 2016. Pengaruh Hidrogen Peroksida 40% Sebagai Bahan Bleaching Terhadap Kekuatan Geser Pelekatan Braket Logam Dengan Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer (Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratoris). Jurnal Ked Gi, Vol. 7, No. 2, April 2016:

103–10.

Dishman MV1, Covey DA, Baughan LW. The effects of peroxide bleaching on composite to enamel bond strength. Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials, 01 Jan 1994, 10(1):33-6.

Garg Nisha. Textbook of Operative Dentistry. 2nd edition., 2013. P: 299- 303.

Gladwin, M.A, Bagby, M. 2004. A Clinical Aspect of Dental Material, Theory, Practice and Case. 2nd edition. Baltimore, Philadelpia, USA. Lippincott William and Willkins. 215- 21.

Garcıxa-Godoy F, Dodge W. W, Donohue, M, O’Quinn , J. A. 1993. Composite resin bond strength after enamel bleaching. Oper Dent . Chapter 18:144-7.

Hegedus C, Bistey T, Flora-Nagy E, et al. An atomic force microscopy study on the effect of bleaching agents on enamel surface. J Dent. 1999;27:509-15.

Heymann. H.O, Ritter. A. V, Roberson. M. T 2011.Introduction to Composite Restorations : Studervants Art and Science Operative Dentistry. Chapter 8; 219-22.

95 Huerta . E , Corona. J.E,. Oliva A.I. 2010. Universal testing machine for mechanical properties of thin materials. 56(4): 317–22.

Jarad, F. D, Griffiths, C.E, Jaffri, M, Adeyemi, A. A, Youngson, C.C. The effect of bleaching, varying the shade or thickness of composite veneers on final colour: An in vitro study. J Dent.

2008; 36: 554–9.

Joiner A. 2006. The bleaching of teeth: A review of the literature. Journal of dentistry 34 : 412–

19.

Titley K C, TorneckC D, SmithD C, Chernecky R, Adibfar A. Scanning electron microscopy observations on the penetration and structure of resin tags in bleached and unbleached bovine enamel. J Endod; 1991 Feb;17(2):72-5.

Kimyai S, Valizadeh H. The effect of hydrogel and solution of sodium ascorbate on bond strength in bleached enamel. Oper Dent. 2006; 31(4):496-99.

Kwon, Y. H., Shin. D. H., Yun. D. I., Heo. Y. J., Seol. H. J., Kim. H. I., 2010 . Effect of hydrogen peroxide on microhardness and color change of resin nanocomposites. American Journal of Dentistry, Vol. 23: No. 1: 19-22.

Majeed,A. Farooq, I. Grobler,S. R. Rossouw,R. J. 2015. Tooth-Bleaching: A Review of the Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Various Tooth Whitening Products. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. Vol. 25 (12): 891-96.

Malkondu , H Yurdaguven, EC Say, E Kazazoglu, M Soyman Effect of Bleaching on Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials . Operative Dentistry, 2011, 36- 2, 177-86.

Miletic, V., 2018. Development of Dental Composites, dalam: Miletic. V(eds) ., Dental Composite Material for Direct Restorations. Springers, Switzerland, 1; 7.

Mohan B, Deivanagayam K. A confocal microscopic evaluation of resin-dentin interface using adhseive system with three different solvent bonded to dry and moist dentin. An in vitro study.

Quintessence Int J. 2005;36:511-21.

Moosavi H, Hajizadeh H, Shaykhvasy M. Shear Bond Strength of Resin Bonded to Bleached Enamel Using Different Modified 35% Hydrogen Peroxides. J Dent Biomater, 2015;2(4):133-40.

Motarzavi V, Fathi, M. H, Ataei E, Kohdaeian N. The effect of 15 % Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Enamel. Shiraz Univ Dent J 2009 ; 9 (1) ; 24-30.

Mukka. P. K, Kominen. N. K, Pola. S , Soujanya. E, Karne.A.R, Nenavath. B, Shiva. S, Vuppunuthula. P . 2016. An In-vitro Comparative Study of Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Bleached Enamel using three Herbal Antioxidants. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.Vol-10(10): 89-92.

96 Nari-Ratih D, Widyastuti A. Effect of antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel following extra-coronal bleaching. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019;11(2):126-32.

Nour El-din AK, Miller BH, Griggs JA, Wakefield C. Immediate bonding to bleached enamel.

Oper Dent 2006;31:106-14.

Perchyonok. V. T, Grobler . S. R. 2015. Tooth-bleaching: Mechanism, Biological Aspects and Antioxidants. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health. Volume 1.3 :1-7.

Perdigao. J, Francci. C, Swift. E. J. Jr, Ambrose W.W, Lopes. M. An ultramorphological study of the interaction of dental adhesives with carbamide peroxide bleached enamel. Am J Dent.

1998 Dec; 11(6):291-301.

Sasaki RT, Flório FM, Basting RT. Effect of 10% Sodium Ascorbate and 10% A-tocopherol in Different Formulations on the Shear Bond Strength of Enamel and Dentin Submitted to a Home-use Bleaching Treatment. Operative Dentistry, 2009, 34-6, 746-52.

Setzer. F., 2016. Bleaching Procedures, dalam : Kenneth, M., Hargreaves, P. D., Cohen, P. S., Bermain, L. H. (eds.), Cohen’s Pathway of the Pulp, 11th ed. Elsevier, St. Louis. Chapter 27:101.

Spalding M, Taveira LA, de Assis GF. Scanning electron microscopy study of dental enamel surface exposed to 35% HP: alone, with saliva, and with 10% CP. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003;

15:154-65.

Stitcha, K.R.K., Kenney, P.M.J., Boysen, G., Liang, H., Su, X., Wang, M., Upadhyaya, P., dan Hetch, S.S., Effects of benzyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate on DNA adduct formation by a mixture of benzo[a]pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in A/J mouse lung, Carcinogenesis, 23(9): 1433-39.

Swift EJ Jr. Restorative consideration with vital tooth bleaching. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;

128:608-48.

Torres CRG, Koga AF, Borges AB. The effects of anti-oxidant agents as neutralizers of bleaching agents on enamel bond strength. Braz J Oral Sci. 2006; 5: 971–6.

Turker S. B, Biskin. T., 2002. The effect of bleaching agents on the microhardness of dental aesthetic restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil, 29:657-61.

Turker. S. B, DDS, PhD,Biskin. T , DDS, PhD. 2003. Effect Of Three Bleaching Agents On The Surface Properties Of Three Different Esthetic Restorative Material. Journal Of Prostetic

Dentistry. 89: 5 :466-73.

Turkun M, Celik .E. U, Kaya A. D, Arici. . M. 2009. Can the hydrogel form of sodium ascorbate be used to reverse compromised bond strength after bleaching.The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 11: 35-40.

97 Türkün M, Kaya A. D. 2004. Effect of 10% sodium ascorbate on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached bovine enamel. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31:1184-91.

Youn-Soo, Shim., 2015. Effect of In-office Bleaching Application on the Color, Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Five Esthetic Restorative Materials . Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(S1) : 420–25.

Walton R. E, Torabinejad M. Endodontics principle and practice, 3rd ed., India : Elsevier 2008 ; 258-9

Walton R. E, Torabinejad M. Prinsip dan praktik ilmu endodonsia. Edisi II. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC; 1998.81-262.

Whang H. J, Shin D. H. Effects of applying antioxidants on bond strength of bleached bovine enamel. RDE. 2015;40:37-43.

LAMPIRAN 1

Alur Penelitian

27 buah gigi insisivus RA

Pembuatan ekstrak etanol daun kelor

Kelompok I,II,III

27 gigi bleaching dengan H2O2 40%

Pengaplikasian resin komposit nanofilled

Analisis Hasil Penelitian

• 9 sampel dari tiap kelompok diuji dengan Torsee Universal Testing Machine

• 1 sampel dari tiap kelompok diuji dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy EDX Preparasi gigi

Kelompok I diaplikasikan antioksidan alpha tokoferol

10%

Kelompok III tanpa antioksidan (Kontrol)

Bleaching dengan hidrogen peroksida Penanaman sampel ke dalam cetakan

Kelompok II diaplikasikan antioksidan 10% ekstrak

etanol daun kelor

LAMPIRAN 2

LAMPIRAN 3

LAMPIRAN 4