C. Rekomendasi
2. Umum
Secara umum kegiatan COREMAP di lokasi sasaran telah berjalan baik. Sebagian besar Pemerintah Daerah sangat mendukung program ini karena bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya masyarakat nelayan di kawasan pesisir yang sebagian besar tingkat kesejahteraannya masih di bawah rata-rata. Meski demikian, hanya sebagian kecil Pemerintah Daerah masih belum memiliki komitmen kuat untuk mendukung pelaksanaan capaian COREMAP II.
Selama periode perpanjangan dua tahun (2010-2011) pemerintah daerah dapat dan telah memanfaatkan program ini sebaik-baiknya, sehingga setelah masa
71 perpanjangan tersebut PEMDA dapat melanjutkan program seperti ini di daerahnya masing-masing. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa program ini multisektoral dengan melibatkan banyak pihak, oleh karena itu koordinasi antar instansi/lembaga terkait mennjadi factor kunci dalam keberhasilan program. Secara umum terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan baik pemerintah daerah maupun pemerintah pusat beserta instansi terkaitnya di antaranya:
a. Ketersediaan dana pendamping dalam mendukung pelaksanaan kegiatan di masing -masing RCU dan PIU sesuai dengan komitmen yang sudah diberikan. RCU dan PIU sebaiknya lebih cermat dalam menentukan kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan masyarakat. Perencanaan kegiatan ini perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari keterlambatan pelaksanaan. Selain itu seluruh aspek kegiatan perlu di monitoring sehingga permasalahan dan kendala di lapangan dapat diatasi.
b. Kapasitas pelaksana masih perlu ditingkatkan baik secara teknis maupun administrasi. Penilaian program perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui bahwa rencana anggaran yang sudah dibuat dengan rencana dan jadwal kegiatan masih sesuai. Laporan kinerja program sebaiknya dibuat secara teratur dan konsisten dengan sistem yang sudah dibuat oleh pemerintah
c. Model pendekatan tetap menekankan perencanaan berbasis masyarakat agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat setempat
d. Perlunya kegiatan pelatihan dalam pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD) secara berkelanjutan guna mengantisipasi meningkatnya harapan masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders) termasuk potensi wisatawan, terhadap pengelolaan KKLD tersebut
e. Pelaksanaan COREMAP tahap berikutnya – jika berlanjut ke tahap ketiga – sebaiknya lebih terfokus pada penguatan kelembagaan dan kegiatan CBM khususnya peningkatan mata pencaharian alternatif; sedangkan kegiatan sosialisasi dan lainnya secara perlahan diambil alih oleh pemerintah daerah setempat
f. Dalam pemilihan lokasi bagi COREMAP III – bila mungkin – perlu dipertimbangkan kesiapan dan respon pemerintah daerah setempat dalam
hal komitmennya menjalankan program seperti ini, mengingat pengalaman dari COREMAP II, tampak ada sebagian kecil dari oknum pimpinan daerah kurang memiliki komitmen terhadap program, sehingga sebagian besar capaian tidak terlaksana, meski ironisnya kegiatan dan anggaran program tetap terserap. Oleh karena itu, jika program berlanjut ke tahap berikutnya, diharapkan PMO menyeleksi secara ketat daerah mana saja yang layak untuk dilanjutkan, karena jika tidak demikian, selain akan memperberat beban target capaian PMO, juga lebih baik alokasi anggaran yang ada dipertuntukan bagi daerah yang telah melakukan langkah-langkah konkrit – semisal telah mengesahkan PERDA, RENSTRA, telah menyiapkan dana pendamping yang memadai, telah terbentuk KKLD, dan seterusnya. Hal itu bisa terjadi pada daerah yang mantan COREMAP II atau sama sekali daerah baru bukan COREMAP II, namun memiliki capaian setara dengan capaian daerah yang mengikuti COREMAP II. Hal itu juga sekaligus mengapresiasi pemerintah daerah yang telah pro-aktif memajukan sektor kelautan dan perikanan g. Kelembagaan ekonomi – dalam program COREMAP fase berikutnya – perlu
dibentuk semisal koperasi, usaha pendanaan mikro, dan sejenisnya untuk menyalurkan berbagai kegiatan yang telah ada yakni mata pencaharian alternatif bagi masyarakat pesisir. Hal itu selain sambil membuka akses permodalan dan mengundang peran serta sektor swasta dan perbankan, juga memperluas jaringan pemasaran, sehingga produk-produk perikanan dan turunanannya (kerupuk dsb), maupun non-perikanan sebagai kegiatan mata pencaharian alternatif, dapat berkelanjutan
h. Berbagai aset dan kelengkapan daerah dari hasil COREMAP II sebaiknya diintegrasikan ke dalam kebutuhan dan keberlanjutan program KKLD masing-masing daerah, sehingga organisasi ini dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan baik
i. Peran Komite Pengarah Daerah di tingkat kabupaten dan RAC di tingkat provinsi perlu diperkuat, khususnya bagi COREMAP fase berikutnya, sambil menyiapkan Satker di dinas lainnya mengambil alih sebagian kegiatan- kegiatan terkait yang dilaksanakan COREMAP II semisal Dinas Pariwisata, Dinas Pendidikan, Balai Konservasi SDA setempat, dan seterusnya, untuk
73 menyiiapkan Daerah mmmendukung penuh keberlanjutan pasca COREMAP berakhir
j. Komponen pendukung kebehasilan program perlu lebih ditingkatkan, termasuk kinerja penyuluh, fasilitator, maupun konsultan di tingkat daerah (RA) dan konsultan di PMO. Pendekatan anggaran yang fleksibel dan renumerasi yang memadai akan menjadi lebih efektif dalam target capaian k. Pemerintah Daerah secara bertahap mulai merealisasikan konsep
keberlanjutan program (exit strategy) paska COREMAP II yang telah tersusun pada 2009, dengan melakukan koordinasi antar dinas dan instansi terkait lainnya. Sebagian program kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan pada COREMAP II dapat mulai diambil alih oleh Dinas terkait lainnya (Dinas Pariwisata, Dinas Pendidikan, Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Perhubungan, Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup Daerah, Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam, dst.) dengan koordinasi Bappeda sesuai tugas pokok dan fungsi (Tupoksi) di Dinas masing-masing melalui pendanaan APBD. Dengan adanya payung hukum melalui PERDA dan arah kebijakan melalui RENSTRA di masing-masing daerah, diharapkan proses keberlanjutan pengelolaan terumbu karang paska COREMAP II dapat berlanjut dengan didanai oleh APBD dan berbagai kontribusi lainnya.
75
STATUS OF ACHIEVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS BASED ON THE PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets Status as of 31 October 2010 Development Goals:
(i) Coral reefs and associated ecosystems rehabilitated, protected, and well managed.
Live coral cover increased by 2% per year.
Where natural settings allow, live coral cover in most sites has increased by more than 2 percent per year. Few years after the tsunami and earthquake in Nias, Nias Selatan, and Mentawai, live coral cover has increased approximately 2.5 percent per year in these sites. In Natuna and Bintan, live coral cover has increased by about 2.7 percent per year and has achieved optimum level, while that in Batam and Lingga, the optimum level of about 50 percent live coral cover has been maintained. Live coral cover in Tapteng has also been maintained at 40 – 50 percent which is the optimum level for sites near a mainland like Tapteng.
(ii) Lower incidence of poverty in coastal communities.
Average per capita income in target coastal
communities increased by 2% per year in real terms.
Per capita income in two locations (Bintan and Nias Utara) increased more than 2 percent per year, and the annual growth rate in 3 locations (Mentawai, Batam and Nias Selatan) increased below 2 per cent. Per capita income in Tapanuli Tengah, Natuna and Lingga decreased from 0.9 to 4.4 per cent per year (see Appendix 7).
Project Purposes:
(i) Enhanced national and local capacity to manage coral reef resources and
effectively managed priority reef areas.
Main coral reef
management issues in six districts in three provinces effectively addressed.
Policies and regulations through the issuance and implementation of Renstras and Perdas have been set to address coral reef
management issues in 6 districts (see Appendix 4). Moreover, community-based MCS are being conducted in 8 districts.
(ii) Increased income and improved living standards of poor coastal communities.
Income of 10,000 households increased by 20% in real terms over the term of the Project and living standards of 10,000 households improved.
Socio-economic assessments are being conducted by LIPI. Available data need further analysis.
Component 1:
Institutional Strengthening and Project Management Output 1:
National and regional governments strengthened in the development of policies, strategies, and guidelines for sustainable coral reef
Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets Status as of 31 October 2010
management.
Activities:
Formulate national and regional policies, strategies, and plans related to coral reef rehabilitation and management.
National policy and strategy for coral reef management implemented by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) based on draft National Policy and Strategy produced during Phase I.
The Ministerial Decree No. 17/2008 –
Conservation Areas in Coastal and Small Islands has been issued on September 2008.
Six district strategies for coral reef management drafted and implemented by district governments.
Strategic Plans on Coral Reef Management (Renstras) have been issued by the Bupatis in six districts and are being implemented through the District Medium-Term Development Plans (RPJMDs) and various marine resources management activities such as the Marine Management Areas (KKLDs) and local MCS. Develop legal framework,
strategic issues papers, and best practices guidelines for coral reef management.
National policy and strategy for coral reef management issued in presidential decree.
The government regulation on Fisheries
Resource Management has been issued through PP 60/2007.
Regional policy and strategy issued in local decrees.
Local ordinances (PERDAs) have been passed in Natuna, Tapteng, Bintan, Mentawai, Batam, Sumbar and Kepri. That of Nias Selatan has been approved by DPRD and has been submitted to the governor for notification. Formulate and implement
appropriate mechanisms for interagency coordination for effective regulation, law enforcement, and resource allocation in target districts.
Coordination with the Navy and the MCS units at the national and district levels have been on- going. However, the role of community groups on marine resources surveillance (Pokmaswas) needs strengthening and clarification.
Prepare coral reef
management plans (CRMPs) to guide resource allocation in the target districts.
Detailed CRMPs prepared by six target district governments.
Detailed Coral Reef Management Plans (RPTKs) have been prepared and are being implemented in 57 villages (under 8 project districts)
Conduct monitoring, control, and surveillance
interventions, including local patrols and reef watchers, and establish MMAs for coral reef conservation in target districts.
Marine management areas (MMAs) established and implemented in three to six target districts.
SK Bupati delineating MMAs in 7 districts have been done. MMA Plans have been prepared in Nias Selatan, Tapteng, Mentawai, Batam, Bintan and Natuna (see Appendix 5).
Locally initiated monitoring, control, and surveillance program for coral reef management established and implemented in three to six target districts.
Community-based MCS are on-going in all project districts
Output 2:
Network of coral reef
information and training centers (CRITCs) established
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Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets Status as of 31 October 2010 Activities:
Strengthen and expand the network of CRITCs
established in Phase I in new project districts.
A network with centrally and regionally operated CRITCs established, developed, and coordinated by LIPI.
A national and 8 regional CRITCs have been established
Conduct national and local- level research in support of coral reef management and livelihood development in coastal areas. Develop a nationally coordinated coral reef information system through the CRITC network.
A specific national Coral Reef Spatial Information System and an expanded BME system for coral reef management in place to provide information and feedback to concerned national agencies and regional governments.
Reef health and socio-economic surveys are being conducted regularly as planned. CREEL is now operational in all districts.
Extend the BME developed in Phase I to the Phase II districts to facilitate benefit/impact evaluation.
A national coral reef research program prepared and various studies and researches conducted at the national and regional levels.
National and local research agenda have been prepared. From 2005 to 2010, 2 national and 21 local researches have been conducted,
respectively (see Appendix 6). The results of these researches have also been uploaded in the COREMAP website and socialized to communities and local governments.
Output 3:
HRD and extension programs developed and implemented.
Activities:
Develop and implement an HRD program for MMAF, LIPI, and regional agencies in six districts in three provinces.
Institutional assessment completed and
comprehensive training plan prepared and conducted for 200–300 national and regional staff of MMAF, LIPI, and other agencies and 300–400 personnel of private sector and NGOs.
Institutional Assessment completed. A Comprehensive Training Plan prepared and submitted to ADB and was approved in 2007. About 1,500 personnel of MMAF, LIPI and other agencies have been trained on coral reef management; About 400 NGO staff and 800 personnel from the private sector have also been trained
Formulate and carry out a comprehensive training program for national and regional government staff, private sector, and
nongovernment organizations (NGOs) in coral reef
management and social development.
Comprehensive
information, education, and communication (IEC) program prepared and conducted for increased awareness of 70% of government personnel and coastal communities in project areas.
In 2009 survey, about 50 percent of government personnel and coastal communities in project sites have increased awareness. New survey will be conducted in 2011.
Develop and conduct a comprehensive extension program to equip local resource users in each project district in coral reef management.
Comprehensive extension program developed and implemented based on resource and
socioeconomic surveys to assist 40–45 coastal communities in sustainable use of coral reef resources and livelihood activities.
Extension program has been submitted and approved by ADB. Implementation has been done through the NGOs and extension workers in all of 57 coastal villages under the project.
Conduct an information, education, and
The project has been conducting various IEC and socialization activities on the different
Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets Status as of 31 October 2010
communication program to raise public awareness for coral reef conservation at national and local levels.
aspects of coral reef management every year.
Output 4:
Project activities implemented on time.
Activities:
Establish PMO and project implementation units (PIUs) and hire competent project staff.
PMO established in MMAF, national PIU in LIPI, and six regional PIUs in project districts to effectively coordinate project activities.
PMO, NPIU-LIPI, RCUs and PIUs have been established and operating since the
commencement of project implementation. Regular consultative meetings are being conducted annually to coordinate project activities.
Provincial role as coordinator needs to be established. Competent project director, seven PIU managers and a group of professional and supporting staff further developed and trained in program
coordination and project management.
RCUs have been providing coordination
functions at the provincial level. The PMO, RCUs and PIUs are staffed with seconded and full-time staff.
Hire consultants. The Project Management Consultant team was
mobilized on April 2005. Three Junior Consultants were also hired to assist in Monitoring and Evaluation, Institutional Development and Marine Management, and Community-based Resource Management Award contracts for
community organizing, training, surveys, civil works, and other services required by the Project.
Contracts were awarded in accordance with ADB Guidelines on Procurement.
Conduct training, workshops, seminars, study tours, etc.
Done. Various trainings are being conducted annually.
Purchase vehicles and equipment required by the Project.
Done.
Oversee overall project implementation.
Actual annual project implementation achievement consistent with predetermined or planned targets for each year.
Overall project implementation was 86.1 percent as against elapsed time of 85.7 percent since loan effectiveness date of 7 November 2003 and with revised loan closing date of 31 December 2011.
Ensure adequate funding and resources for project activities according to planned
allocations.
Funds budgeted for each component is disbursed and utilized.
From 2004 to 2010, total counterpart funding, exclusive of in-kind government contributions, consists of 14.3 percent of the total budget from loan proceeds which was distributed among the PMO (35.7 percent), LIPI (17.1 percent), RCUs (8.4 percent) and PIUs (38.8 percent) (see Appendix 14). Since the start of project implementation, total disbursement of the total SDR allocation as of 31 October was 86.3 percent.
79
Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets Status as of 31 October 2010 Component 2:
Community-Based Resource Management and Development
Output 1:
Coastal communities organized and empowered for coral reef management
Activities:
Conduct participatory planning for coral reef management, village development, environmental improvement, and livelihood development with assistance of NGOs and fisheries extension workers.
Participatory planning for coral reef management, village development, and income generation conducted in each target district.
Participatory planning conducted in all of 57 project villages. Livelihood activities were selected upon consultation with the various community groups.
Organize, train, and empower local communities for coral reef management and livelihood development.
40–45 coastal community groups formed and 10,000 people trained on coral reef management and livelihood development.
Community groups have been formed in 57 coastal villages. More than 7,800 people from coastal communities have participated in formal trainings conducted by PMO, RCUs and PIUs on coral reef management and livelihood
development. In addition to these, NGOs and LIPI also provided formal trainings involving 800 and 150 people in coastal communities, respectively. Output 2: CRMPs formulated and implemented by organized communities. Activities:
Conduct detailed coral reef resource surveys and prepare CRMPs.
Ten site-specific coral reef resource surveys and CRMPs conducted and prepared.
Site-specific coral reef resource surveys are being done regularly in 17 sites. Moreover, coral reef health surveys are also being conducted annually by the district CRITCs in the DPLs of each of the 57 project villages.
Implement planned coral reef management programs.
60,000 ha of coral reefs and related ecosystems
protected by organized coastal communities and district governments.
Seven KKLDs covering more than 130,000 ha of coral reefs and associated ecosystems have been declared through Bupati Decrees (see Appendix 5). Moreover, management plans have been prepared for these KKLDs. Community- based MCS are protecting portions of these KKLDs, particularly those within the village waters and in the DPLs.
Conduct community-based monitoring, control, and surveillance; rehabilitate damaged coral reef areas;
Community-based compliance and
enforcement conducted by community groups in 10
Community-based MCS is being implemented in all of the 57 project villages in 9 districts
(originally 8 districts due to the subdivision of NIas); 75 percent of respondents in a 2009
Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets Status as of 31 October 2010
and reduce destructive and illegal fishing effort.
sites in six districts; 60,000 ha of coral reefs rehabilitated; and illegal fishing reduced by 40–50% in the project areas.
survey say that destructive fishing activities have been significantly reduced. Discussions with community and Pokmas leaders reveal that known incidence of illegal fishing activities has decreased by more than 50 percent.
Output 3:
Community social infrastructure facilities and services provided to coastal communities at project sites.
Activities:
Conduct detailed
socioeconomic surveys and prepare village development plans for target villages at project sites.
40-45 socioeconomic surveys conducted and 40– 45 village development plans prepared.
Development plans for each village has been prepared.
Provide the required basic social services and infrastructure facilities to coastal communities in selected villages at project sites.
Infrastructure and other identified amenities as needed by communities provided in 40-45 coastal villages.
Two hundred and sixty four (264) social infrastructures have been provided to the 57 project villages, with most of them receiving 3 to 4 types of facilities, the most common of which are village information centers (56), MCS patrol boats (58), clean water supply (39), sanitation facilities (37) and jetty/wharf (33) (see Appendix 11).
Output 4:
Livelihood and income- generating activities established and operated by coastal communities in target areas.
Activities:
Identify and screen microenterprise and livelihood opportunities and conduct feasibility studies of selected enterprises.
Livelihood opportunities identified and subjected to feasibility study in 40-45 villages.
As a matter of procedure, input assistance for livelihoods must be supported by a feasibility study before it is approved for funding. Proposals from the various Pokmas in 57 project villages follow the same procedure.
Provide technical, marketing, and financial assistance to organized community groups to operate feasible livelihood activities.
Technical and financial assistance provided to 10,000 people.
Technical and input assistance have been provided to more than 7,000 persons. EA estimates that a total of 7,200 persons could be assisted by the end of project implementation period in 31 December 2011 (see Appendix 12). This performance, as against the target of 10,000 people, could be near the maximum level that the project could attain. According to paragraph 3 of Appendix 4 of the RRP dated November 2002, 35-64 percent of the villagers in Batam, Kepulauan Riau (now Batam and
81
Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets Status as of 31 October 2010
Lingga), 31-36 percent of the villagers in Nias (now Nias, Nias Selatan, Nias Barat and Nias
