We are just writing to let you know that this project report titled "A Comparative Study on Lab Tests of Various Types of Knit Garments" was prepared by the students' Md. Therefore, it will be greatly appreciated if you kindly accept this project report and consider for the final evaluation. We would like to thank the people who have made a significant contribution to making this project possible.
Deep knowledge and keen interest in him help us a lot in carrying out this project on clothing testing. We would like to thank all my fellow students from Daffodil International University who participated in effective discussions and suggestions to make this project as well. We hereby declare that this project was carried out by us under the supervision of Md.Mominur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of TE, and Daffodil International University.
We also declare that neither this project nor any part of this project has been submitted elsewhere for awarding any degree. This project is based on different types of testing for color fastness, pilling, shrinkage, dimensional stability, spirality and quality variation for different fabrications.
- Background of the Study
- Objectives of the Study
- Importance of the Study
- Limitations of the Study
The main purpose of the study is to know what would be the quality variation result for different fabrics such as 100% cotton, 60% cotton and 40% polyester, 95% cotton and 5% elastane, and the basic idea about different types of testing that are most suitable are usable. By conducting research, we were able to test the procedure and treatment process if a test failed. The key research factor is to examine quality variation compared to different types of fabrics and which types of fabric would produce which outcome, and to determine why quality variation occurred.
This study is very useful for our working future in the textile industry to face a challenge. As textile students we would be able to research the introduction of different test names and their test procedure, test parameters, time duration, test instrument and also learned how to make test report as buyer requirement. As operators they would be able to test was done in laboratory and which method they use as buyer satisfaction.
They will learn how to make a test report and they need to understand the test report. As a general people, they can learn that clothing testing is usually done in the testing laboratory to maintain the quality of the products.
- Quality
- Testing
- Color Fastness to Rubbing
- Procedure for Dry Rubbing
- Procedure for Wet Rubbing
- Dimensional Stability & Spirality
- Procedure
- Shrinkage Test Calculation
- Spirality Calculation
- Performance of Pilling
- Pilling Test Procedure
- Rating Table
- pH Test
- Garments pH Testing Procedure
- Range of pH Scale
- Print Durability
- Procedure
Quality means the feature of the product that satisfies the customer, the suitability of the product or the goodness and badness of the product. Quality is an important part of the RMG industry due to customer satisfaction, reducing costs and achieving higher revenues, improving time management, improving productivity and building a better relationship with the customer in the long term . To determine the quality measure such as friction, dimensional stability, spirality, pH, printing durability of different garments and different manufacturing and different GSM and different colors.
To check the manufacturing, color fastness, friction, pilling performance, pH, print durability etc. are good or bad. This test is performed to determine the degree of color that can be transferred to the surface by rubbing the color. Dimensional stability is the characteristics of a fabric and the measured dimensional stability of a fabric determines whether a fabric has the potential to retain its original shape and determines the change in size or appearance of a garment.
Where S1 = distance of the right side of the pattern from the seam S2 = distance of the left side of the pattern from the seam. Pilling is caused by a small ball of fibers on the surface of the fabric caused by wear and tear. Pilling is the tendency of fibers to loosen from the fabric surface and form spherical fiber particles.
In two samples the seam is marked parallel to the warp direction and in the other two parallel to the weft direction. Make a solution by mixing detergent with water and pour it into the bucket of the tester, but we cannot place the sample until the solution reaches the specified temperature. We can take out the sample and get the result after the tester has run for a specified time.
For 100% Cotton Fabric
- Fabric Details
- Quality Test Reports of Garments
- Changed in Measurements of Garments
And it was different GSM, such as there are two samples 150 GSM, eight samples are 160 GSM. See the table for 100% cotton highest wet value 5 and lowest value 1 and highest dry value 4-5, lowest dry value 1. After washing, we measure the length, width, chest, bottom and sleeve length of the clothes for control measurements on clothes for shrinkage.
For 60% Cotton and 40% polyester Fabric
- Fabric Details
- Quality Test Report of Garments
- Changed in Measurements of Garments
For 60% cotton and 40% polyester we get the highest wet rub percentage 4-5, the lowest rub percentage 1 and the highest dry rub percentage 4-5, the lowest rub percentage 1. For dimensional stability highest increase length +1.9%, highest decrease length - 2.3% and highest increase width +2.1%, highest decrease width -3.7%.
For 95%Cotton and 5% Elastane
- Fabric Details
- Quality Test Report of Garments
- Changed in Measurements of Garments
Color and two samples are gray mottled and two samples are gray mottled AOP and one sample is bright gold. For 95% cotton and 5% elastane we get the highest wet rub rate 4-5, the lowest rub rate 3 and the highest dry rub rate 4-5, the lowest rub rate 1-2. For dimensional stability: highest increase in length +2.1%, highest decrease in length -7.1% and highest increase in width +1.8%, highest decrease in width -6.0%.
After washing, we measure the length of the clothes, the width, the chest, the bottom and the length of the sleeves for checking.
- Comparison of Color Fastness
- Comparison of Dimensional Stability & Spirality
- Comparison of Performance (pilling)
- Comparison of PH & Print Durability
- Comparison Changed in Measurements of Garments
For sample 01 and 02 above, compared to a different fabric composition, we get the chafing resistance of 95% cotton and 5% elastane of good quality. For sample 01 above, compared to different types of fabric composition, we get dimensional stability and helicity of 95% cotton and 5% elastane, which is of good quality. It has good elasticity and twist, so we felt the above sample was of good quality.
For the sample above, we get the pilling performance of 95% cotton and 5% elastane of good quality compared to different fabric composition. Due to less short fibers, less hair, good finish, so we considered the above sample to be of good quality. For all samples the pH is good. For sample 01, we get the compared print fastness of 100% cotton&.
For sample 03 we come through the comparative pressure durability of 95% cotton & 5% elastane and 100% cotton is good quality. For sample 05 we come through the comparative pressure durability of 100% cotton and 95% cotton & 5% elastane is good quality. For sample 08 we get through the comparative pressure durability of 60% cotton and 40% polyester is good quality.
For sample 2, by comparing above, we see that the difference% of the garments: the measurement of 95% cotton and 5% elastane is the most variable. For sample 3 we see, by comparing above, that the difference% of the garments: the measurement of 95% cotton and 5% elastane is the most variable. For sample 4, by comparing above, we see that the difference in percentage of 100% cotton garments is the most variable.
For the sample 5.6 and 7.8, with the above comparison, we get the difference in % of clothing measurements. 95% cotton and 5% elastane is the most variable. For sample 9, with the above comparison, we get the difference in % clothing measurements 100% cotton is the most variable. Thus, we can say that by analyzing the change in dimensions, clothes made of 95% cotton and 5% elastane shrink more after washing compared to clothes made of 100% cotton and 60% cotton + 40% polyester.
After many experiments and discussions, we completed our project by collecting information from NAZ Bangladesh Ltd. This project will help us to know about different types of tests and their testing procedures. By doing the project, we learned if any test failed, then how the treatment is done in the testing laboratory, and we also learned how to prepare the test report according to the customer's requirements.
In this project we worked on 10 samples of three types of fabric, which gave us an idea of the manufacturing process. By researching, we have obtained the color fastness of 95% cotton and 5% elastane of good quality (for wet 3-4 and for dry 4-5) because the fabric, dyeing and finishing are good. For all sample fabrication, the pH value is good and the print durability of 100% cotton and 60% cotton and 40% polyester is of good quality (for 100% cotton and 60%. Cotton+ 40% polyester, highest pH value 6.80 and print durability P=4 -5, B=4-5 ) Finally we can say that this project will help us to meet the challenge in working hard as a textile engineer in the future.
