Perjanjian Kredit Investasi Di Lingkungan Bank Muamalat Indonesia Dan Di Lingkungan Bank Konvensional (Suatu Studi Banding)

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Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa

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kredit

investasi bank muamalat dengan bank konvensional. Untuk perjanjian pada

bank muamalat dilakukan secara bersamaan yang dituangkan dalam kontrak

perjanjian sesuai dengan nisbah. Apabila proyek atau usaha yang dijalankan

tersebut mengalami kerugian maka beban kerugian ditanggung bersama

kecuali kerugian tersebut

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akibat kecurangan yang dilakukan oIeh

mudharib sendiri. Sedangkan

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pada bank kOnvensional terhadap

kredit investasi tidak ditetapkan dalam kesepakatan bersama, namun

ditetapkan secara sepihak oleh bank itu sendiri. Sedangkan debitur atau

nasabah hanya menyetujui dari jumlah harga yang telah ditetapkan oleh pihak

bank. 5ehingga bank muamalat lebih banyak membina kepada masyarakat

tingkat bawah, sedangkan bank konvensional orientasinya pada masyarakat

menengah ke atas dengan maksud dapat dipinjamkan sejumlah uang. Untuk

perbandingan antara prinsip perjanjian mudharabah pada bank muamalat

indonesia dengan bank konvensional terdapat beberapa hal yaitu : (1)

Pembiayaan Mudharabah di buat secara tertulis dalam bentuk nisbah, dan

jaminan hanya kelengkapan dokumen usaha saja. (2) Pembiayaan pada bank

konvensional perjanjiannya sama yaitu dalam bentuk kontrak tertulis,

pendapatannya berupa bunga, resiko di tanggung

o/eh pihak debitur

sedangkan jaminan merupakan syarat utama dalam berbagai jenis.

Disarankan kspada pihak ulama dan umar'a supaya bank muamalat

Indonesia lebih dapat ditingkatkan operasionalnya pada semua daerah di

Indonesia. 5ebab kehadiran bank muamalat di indonesia merupakan salah

satu bank yang dapat mencegah terjadinya krisis moneter dan krisis ekonomi

dan dapat dijangkau oleh semua lapisan masyarakat baik dari golongan

miskin maupun golongan menengah ke atas. Di samping itu juga disarankan

kepada pihak ulama dan umara' agar bank-bank umum dapat menetapkan

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secara terbuka antara kreditur dan debitur berdasarkan asas

kesepakatan, kehadiran bank muamalat ini dapat menghindarkan umat islam

dari bermuamalah secara riba. Demikian juga terhadap pelayanan bagi

nasabah-nasabah bank yang baik.

Kata Kunci

-

Perjanjian Kredit

-

Bank Muamalat dan Bank Konvensional

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Perbandingan prinsip perjanjian

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Investment Credit Contract In The Circle of

Indonesian Muamalat Bank and The Conventional Bank

(A Comparative Study)

Zulkifli Nasution'

Mariam Dams Badrulzarnan"

H.

Abdullah Syah

l

H.

Sanwani

Nasutiorr'

ABSTRACT

The Law Number 10 of 1998 about banking is as a change of the Law

Number 7 of 1992 gives an absolute recognition about the existence and the

importance of the banks according to the syari'ah principles, and gives more chance

for the banks development. Among other things that law rules about possibility of

conventional banks to open the branches that operate according to the syari'ah

principles. The syari'ah in Islam is as a big branch only of the three big branches of

Dinul Islam. The others two big branches are belief (aqidab) and morals (akhlaq).

Islam has combineal tightly the three aspects mentioned above idest among aqidah,

syari'ah and akhlaq as the very important foundation for muamalah activities. Akhlaq

is as one of the very important aspect of the three aspects in all muamalah activities

or consider as the umbrella. The join together agreement between creditors and the

business side can do the just and have a good will. Therefore it is necessary a study of

investment credit contract of muamalat bank with conventional

bank

and a

comparative of loss and profit sharing contract at the Indonesian muamalat bank and

the conventional bank.

This research characteristic is descriptive analytical comparative that describe

comparison of both banking legal systems idest muamalat and conventional bank.

The

research location is in central of Jakarta because Indonesian muamalat bank

nowadays is in Jakarta only. The respondents as samples which are used in this

research is: a) Muamalat Bank, b) Conventional bank (4 banks), c) Indonesian

Moslem Theologians Assembly, d) the banking experts. The primary and secondary

data collector are questionnaire, interview directions and documentation study, and to

be analysis by juridical qualitative method.

The research and study result show that credit investment contract between

muamalat

bank

and conventional bank. For the contract at the muamalat bank is done

together which is ruled in the contract according to the nisbah. It the project and

I

Faculty ofLaw of Medan Area University, Medan.

2

Faculty ofLaw of North Sumatera University, Medan

3

Faculty ofSyari'ah of State Islamic Institute ofNorth Sumatera, Medan

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business which are operate have some loss, so the loss is mutual liability except. The

loss caused occurred dec1et who is done by mudharib only. While the contract at

conventional

bank

of investment credit does not be decreed in the together

agreement, but be ruled by the bank side only. While the creditors only agree of total

price which was decreed by bank side. Therefore muamalat

bank

founds most of the

bottom level communities, while conventional bank found the middle and high

communities oriented, by mean can be lended some money. For comparison, there

are several things between loss and profit sharing contract principles of the muamalat

bank with conventional bank idest: (1) loss and profit sharing expenditure is made

written in the nisbah form, and the surety is business documents only. (2)

conventional bank expenditure

has

the same form idest written contract, the income

as interest, risk is guaranteed by debitor side, while surety is as main conditional in

kinds of contract.

It

is suggested to the moslem theologians and the government that Indonesian

Muamalat Bank can be increased its operational in all of Indonesia. Because the

existence of muamalat

bank

in Indonesia is as one of the

bank

that can prevent

reached by all social stratification either the poor or the middle and high. Beside that,

it is suggested to the moslem theologians and the govermnent

that

conventional

banks

can make open contract between creditor and debitor based on agreement principles,

the existence of muamalat bank can avoid moslem communities from muamalah

activities by usury. That also to the good

bank

creditors services.

Key Words:

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Credit Contract

Muamalat Bank and Conventional Bank

Comparison of Contract Principles

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