THE INTRINSIC ANALYSIS IN C.S. LEWIS NOVEL
PRINCE CASPIAN
(BOOK 2 IN THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA)
A PAPER
BY
ANDRE YAMME RESA BUKIT
REG. NO. 102202038
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
It has been proved by Supervisor
NIP. 19630216198903 1 003
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English.
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program
NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C. A. Sembiring, M.A.
Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.
The Examination is held on April 2014
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera Dean,
NIP. 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
Board of Examiners Signature
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Name : ANDRE YAMME RESA BUKIT
Title of Paper : The Intrinsic Analysis in C. S. Lewis Novel Prince Caspian
(Book 2 In
The Chronicles of Narnia)
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ABSTRAK
Novel merupakan salah satu hasil karya sastra manusia yang tidak hanya berisi cerita yang menarik, tetapi juga mengandung pesan moral bagi pembacanya. Kertas karya yang berjudul
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
For words.
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the God for blessing and giving me
health, strength and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get
Diploma III certificate from English Department Faculty of Letters, University of
North Sumatera.
Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love and appreciation to:
• My beloved prents, Drs. Pilemon Bukit, MTh and Ir. Meiyesti
Situmorang, MKes. Thank you for all your motivations, advices, prays, and loves for me. I present this paper for you.
• Dr. Matius C. A. Sembiring, M.A. as the Head of English Diploma Study
Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.
• Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum. as my supervisor. Thank you for the
valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing
this paper.
• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of
North Sumatera.
• All lectures in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and
knowledge.
• My Entire friends in Solidas (Student Of English Diploma Association).
Thank you for the nice friendship during us together.
• My best friend: Stefanus, Horas, Basten, Habib, and Wahyu. Thank you for
the nice friendship during our study. I will never forget your kindness to me
and I will be missing the days we spent together.
Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I
welcome any constructive critics and suggestions towards this paper. I hope this
paper will be a worthwhile for the readers.
Medan, April 2014
The writer,
Reg. No. 102202038
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii
ABSTRAK ... ii
3.3.2. Peripheral Character ... 25
3.4. The Setting ... 26
3.4.1. Setting of Place ... 26
3.4.2. Setting of Time ... 27
3.5. Point of View ... 27
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 28
4.1. Conclusion ... 28
REFERENCES ... 31 APPENDICES ... 32
ABSTRAK
Novel merupakan salah satu hasil karya sastra manusia yang tidak hanya berisi cerita yang menarik, tetapi juga mengandung pesan moral bagi pembacanya. Kertas karya yang berjudul
ABSTRACT
PRINCE CASPIAN NOVEL
(BOOK 2 IN THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA)
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Literature is creative expression of human imagination or wishes that it is
almost impossible to create an exact definition of it. Wellek & Warren (1971:3) state
that literature is the mirror of human life that portrays ‘human feeling, thought,
imagination and perception which can be viewed based on personal judgment.
Literature can be divided into three genres, such as prose fiction, poetry and
drama. In the sense of literary, prose also called fiction, narrative text, or narrative
discourse. Fiction is a narrative work that tells something that is imaginary,
something that does not exist and happen in the real world. As a work of imaginary,
fiction directs various problems of man and humanity, life and living. Fiction tells
the various problems of human life in the interactions with the environment and
others. Fiction is the result of dialogue, contemplation, and reactions to the
environment and the life of the author.
Novel is fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a
nearly always an extended fictional prose narrative, although some novel are very
short, some are non fictional, some have been written in verse and some not even tell
a story, novel is fictitious kind of writing.
Novel is a world specially made in words by an author. A novel exists in the
way it does because an author has chosen to put it together in that particularly way.
This means that novels are not real life. Like all works of art poems, plays, pots or
pieces of music – they have been constructed or crafted. (Gill, 1985:77).
There are two important elements in fiction, intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
Extrinsic elements include: religion, education, custom, etc. while intrinsic elements
include: theme, plot, character, setting, and point of view.
Prince Caspian Novel has written by C. S. Lewis as a part of his seventh book of The Cronicles of Narnia. This novel is a book 2 which content “The return to
Narnia” after the ‘main character’ in book 1 (The Lion The Witch and The Wardrobe)
adventured, preyed by White Witch. And then Aslan, the noble lion, free Prince
Caspian and Narnia from the spell of her (the White Witch).
1.2 Scope of Study
Analyzing literature especially novel is not easy. The scope or limitation of
this analysis is to analyze only five intrinsic elements in C.S. Lewis novel Prince of
Caspian. There are theme, plot, character, setting, and point of view. It is important to
1.3 Purpose of Study
The purpose of this study to analyze the intrinsic elements in Prince of
Caspian novel, so that the writer can understand how the elements of literature works
include theme, plot, character, setting, and point of view made. So the story ideas,
conflict in the story, the characters in the story, the setting of place and setting of
time, until the point of view that created by the author can be analyzed carefully. The
writer hopes this analysis could help the readers who want to know more about the
messages in the novel.
1.4 Significance of Study
The significance of this paper is to enrich literary study especially in
literature of novel. The writer hope this analysis could become references for further
study of literary works whatever forms they will be.
1.5 Method of Research
Method of research conducted in this paper is the step by step method. The
first step is reading the main source data until finish; it is Prince of Caspian novel.
After reading to the end, the writer select the text, interpret it, and then analyze the
texts in order to decide which ones of the text are relevant to the elements of literature
contained in the novel so that it can be conclude to this paper. The writer also
searches some data from books and internet that related with elements of literature as
2. REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Novel
Novel is the name of a literary kind and there is a story to tell about how, over
the centuries, its substance has widened and its conventions changed. Henry James
(Watson,1978: xi) in an excited moment, called the novel ‘independent, elastic
prodigious, and its story is as untidy as some of its masterpieces. If Aristotle had ever
read any novels, he would have needed a far wider canvas than he allowed to tragedy
in that surviving fragment of analysis known as the poetics.
Novella literally means 'a small new item' and then interpreted as 'a short
story in the form of prose' (Abrams,1981: 119). Novels and short stories are two
forms of literature that once called fiction. Differences between the novel and short
stories are a formality in terms of shape, in terms of story length. A long story, let's
say hundreds of pages, clearly can not be called as a short story, but more
appropriately called a novel. Because of its length, the novel can not inherit the solid
unity that belongs to the short story. The novel is also not able to make the subject
stand out like a microcosmic principle of short stories. Instead the novel is able to
present the development of one character, a complicated social situation,
relationships that involve many or few characters, and a variety of complicated events
occurring in greater detail. The novel is able to create a complete universe at once
compared with the short story. It is said more easily because the novel is not
burdened with the responsibility to deliver something quickly or with solid form and
said to be more difficult because the novel was written in large scale units that
contain a larger organization rather than short stories.
The novel is educating us because novels can inform on some surprising
subjects. Like other kinds of story, a novel is a way of learning about how things
were cognitive instrument and those who distrust stories as evidence should consider
how often in conversation we use them to make points or answer questions. For one
thing, a novel is too untidy an object, often, to be seen as regulated in its entirety and
the patterns offered can be impoverishing the figure in the carpet is not itself the
carpet, or anything like it. A novel is a fund of knowledge as well as a literary form
and any pure and exclusive formalism whether structuralize or other, flies in the face
of much of the ordinary experience of reading fiction.
Novel can freely express something, to present something more, more
detailed, more detail and more involving many complex problems. This includes
various the story elements that build the novel. (Nurgiyantoro, trans.2005:11).
Novels, however are fictional, that is to say, they have been made up. A
character in a novel can’t be compared to a real person from whom he or she has been
copied, because, for example, there is no Prince Caspian in real life. He, or any other
Novel is one of many possible prose narrative forms. Richard Gill in his book
(1985:78) state that; in the writing, there is a recognition that a novel is something
specially made by an author so that a reader will respond to it in a particular way. The
good candidate has recognized three things about a novel: the events of the novel, the
author who has created them, and the reader for whom the novel is written. In any
good writing about a novel, these three things should be mentioned. They are,
however not separable. For instance, the events of a novel are only there because the
author has put them there, and they are only recognized as events when read by a
reader.
The author, of course is the most important element; the events of the novel
and the reactions of the reader depend upon what he or she chooses to do. Because
without an author there could be no book at all, but there is also a much more
important reason: a novel is a world specially made in words by an author.
2.2 The Instrinsic Elements of Novel
Element of literature denote the things that are used to make up a work
literature. There are different types and forms of literature. They are novel, drama,
poetry, biography, non-fictional prose, essay, epic and short story. All these types of
literature have some elements. To complete a piece of literature, a writer, dramatist or
novelist needs to use certain elements like theme, plot, character, etc. However,
Extrinsic and intrinsic approaches to literature are employed by critics to
evaluate literature according to understandings of the world. Extrinsic and intrinsic
approaches to literature are ways to criticize literature in different terms. In intrinsic
approach, the critic is mainly concerned with the form, language, style, symbols,
images, contrast, structure and development of plot in literary work.Intrinsic is also
called formalism as the critic’s basic interest is in the form of the text. In comparison
to intrinsic, the extrinsic approach makes the critic to give more importance to the
context of a text. It means that he is mainly interested in the background, history,
social conditions and biography of the author.
Analysis of the intrinsic elements in literary is an analysis of the literary work
itself without looking the related with the data beyond the literary work.(Sukada,
trans.1987:51). In this chapter, the writer analyzes further about intrinsic elements in
Prince of Caspian novel. There are five elements to develop the story. It consists of
theme, plot, character, setting, and point of view.
2.2.1 The Theme
Theme is one of the fundamental components of fiction. Theme means what
the novel can be summed up as saying. Another way of putting it would be to talk of
the ‘ideas’ of the book. According to Wikipedia, theme is a broad idea, message or
often explore timeless and universal ideas and are almost implied rather than stated
explicitly.
To determine the main meaning in a novel, we should know the definition of
theme itself. Hartoko & Harmanto state that “The theme is the basic common idea
that support of literary work that is contained in the text as a semantic structure and
related equations similarities or differences”. (Nurgiyantoro, trans.1995.68).
A theme must represent the whole part of the story, because theme is basic
development of story. Like as the important meaning in ourselves experience, the
theme of a story is individualistic and universal. Theme gives a strong to explained
unity of event that describing and also tells about life in common context.
Thus, to find the theme of a work of fiction, it must be inferred from the
whole story, not only on the basis of certain parts of the story. Principal themes as the
meaning of a work of fiction are not deliberately hidden because of precisely this that
is offered to readers. However, the overall theme is the meaning of which supported
the story, by itself it will be hidden behind the story that supports it. As a meaning, in
general, the themes not depicted directly or specifically. The existence or presence of
the theme possesses the whole story and this is causes the small probability for the
direct depiction. And this is also the cause not easy interpretation the themes. The
sometimes it can also found any sentences or paragraphs of certain conversations that
can be interpreted as something that contains the main theme.
2.2.2 Plot
According to Stanton (1965:14), state that the plot is a story that contains the
sequence of events, but each incident was only connected in cause and effect, the
events that caused one and also cause the occurrence of other events. Appearance of
events for events that only based on the order of time is not necessarily a plot. To be a
plot, the events must be processed and made creatively, so that the results of
processing and making itself is something beautiful and interesting, particularly in
relation to the relevant works of fiction as a whole.
Kenny (1966:14) points out the plot as the events are displayed in a not simple
story, because the author set the events was based on a causal connection. The plot is
basically sequences of events in logical and chronological relations are interrelated
and are caused or experienced by the characters. The plot outline is divided into three
parts, namely early, middle, and end. The first part contains the exposition that
contains instability and conflicts. The middle part contains the climax which is the
height of the conflict. The final section contains troubleshooting (Wiyatmi,
trans.2008:37).
The plot has a number of rules, namely plausibility, surprise, suspense, and
within the framework of fiction. A story says makes sense if the story has a truth,
which is right for the story itself. In addition, the surprise also serves to slow down
or speed up the climax. Suspense arises when a series of events related to previous
events, arrive - arrived diverted to other events that are not related, so the
continuation of the event was delayed and experience uncertainty. The series of
events contained in a story has to have integrity.
In accordance with the composition of the events or its parts, the plot can be
divided into several types. There are the progressive plot and regressive plot. In a
progressive plot, the events arranged: early, middle, end. A novel is called
progressive if the events which are narrated chronologically, the first event followed
by the events that happened later. While the regressive plot also called as flash back
plot is arranged on the contrary, for example: the middle, beginning, end or the end,
beginning, middle.
On the basis of quantity, there are a single plot and plural plot. Plot is called a
single when the events contain only one primary event, while the plot is called plural
when containing a variety of primary events and other events. When viewed from its
quality, there are dense plot and loose plot. The dense plot is when the main plot of
the story doesn’t have a space to be added another plot. Conversely, the loose plot is
when it has possibility to inserting another plot.
2.2.3 Character
Characters, according to Abrams in Nurgiyantoro (Trans.1995:164) ‘are the
people who featured in a narrative or dramatic works that are interpreted to have
certain moral qualities and tendencies as expressed in speech and what is done in
action’.
Fiction is a form of creative work, so how authors create characters and
develop the story was not separated from the freedom of creativity. Fiction offers the
life model which attitudes and experienced by the characters of story according to
how the author in looking life itself. Because the author is deliberately created the
world in fiction, he has the complete freedom to display the characters according to
his taste, whoever the person, whatever his social status, however his attitude and
whatever the problems faced.
Although the characters are figure just created by the author, they should be
who living fairly as how the man in the real life which contained of blood and meat
also has thoughts and feelings. The life of the character is only in a fictional world, so
they should be appropriate according to the story and the role that played. If there are
any other actions of characters from stories that have been described previously, it
should be on the responsibility of accountable in terms of plot, so the story still has a
higher plausibility level. Or if the characters act strange in a reasonable life, they
in a story that is rated important and is shown continuously, so it felt to dominate
most of the story, it is called the central / main character. While there are also
characters that only appear once or several times in the story and it were probably in a
relatively short portion, namely peripheral character.
2.2.4 Setting
Setting is the foundation that leads to understanding the place, time relations,
and social environment where the occurrence of the events described. In fiction, the
background can be divided into three kinds, namely the setting place, time, and
social. The setting of place is related to geographical problems, the location where the
incident occurred, in what village, what city, and so forth. The setting of time is
related to matter of time, days, hours, and historical. The setting of social is related to
people’s lives (Wiyatmi,trans.2008:40). A story requires clarity about where the
accident occurred and when it happens to easy imagination and understanding. That
means that a story requires the setting of places, the setting of time and the setting of
social-cultural where the story took place.
According to Gill (1985:106), Setting is a broad word. It covers the places in
which characters are presented; the social context of characters, such as their families,
friends and class; the customs, beliefs and rules of behavior of their society; the
scenes that are the background or the situation for the events of the novel; and the
setting. When we study a novel, we should pay attention to setting, because it can
make a contribution to the book. A successful setting is one which is appropriate to
the section of the novel in which it appears and also, possibly, to the book as whole.
Setting is important to development the story. Setting provides in a concrete
and clear. It will give a realistic impression for the reader. That is the story told as if it
is happening and earnestly. Provide basic background in concrete and clear. This will
give the reader a realistic impression, that is the story told as if it happened and in
earnest, so that the reader feels much easier to operate a good imagination power to
participate critically in relation to knowledge about the setting. Readers feel to find
something truly become a part of him when read the story.
2.2.5 Point of View
The point of view can be interpreted as how a story is told. Abrams state that
the point of view is the way of the author used as a means of displaying the
characters, action, background, and various events that make up the story in a
fictional text to the readers. So, the point of view is the way, strategy, or tactic that is
deliberately chosen by the writer to express stories and ideas. Selection of point of
view in fiction, in many cases will affect the freedom, sharpness, and objectivity in
telling stories, and it will also influence the level of plausibility of the story.
Point of view distinguished by the form of persona which tells in the story.
person point of view. Based on two forms of persona, Lukens (2003:168)
distinguishes point of view into four categories, namely first person point of view,
omniscient point of view, limited omniscient point of view, and dramatic point of
view. According to Mitchell (2003:267), first person point of view and third person
point of view is still dominant, but in the writing of contemporary have been
modified in such away as to appear more attractive.
First person point of view displaying the “I” character as the center of
narration and central of story. The “I” character usually be the protagonist character
who tells about what he experienced, though only occurred in the mind or the real,
which is conducted verbally and none verbally. Third person point of view shows the
“He” character as the central of story. The character of “He” appears with the title
name such as he, she or they. The omniscient point of view describes imagery of the
some characters into the other characters concerning the events that made and placed
in the reality, or any event which tells the author's mind that happened in hearts and
minds of the characters and what is done in real, and also actions and reactions that
take place between the character, as the author became a source of information to
know everything. Limited omniscient point of view does not give the author to tell
about the character as told. The author has limitations in accessing information that
can be told, either in relation to the number of characters and events because the
3. The Analysis of Prince Caspian Novel.
3.1 The Theme
To look for the theme in novel, we must read the previous novels in The
Cronicles of Narnia saga. This novel writen with fantasy and myth stories so to
analyze it we need to read it with concern and imagination. In Prince Caspian novel the writer delivered two major themes of the story are courage for life and the
revolution toward for restoration for a better world. Then the sub theme in this novel
is about adventure and friendship.
• Courage
The stories about courage for life always appear in the novel, that is why the
writer decides that courage for life is the central theme in Prince Caspian novel. The story happens when the main character, which is Prince Caspian (The Tenth = X), as
a small boy (by which time both of his parents are dead), His uncle King Miraz
appoints
killed
himself. Although Miraz never cared much for Prince Caspian, he was willing that
Caspian should succeed him as king, as he would rather Caspian inherit the throne
than a stranger. When Miraz's wife
changes overnight. Miraz wish to inherit the throne to his own son, and will murder
And when he found himself in two reality that first King Miraz secretly
planned to kill him immedietly and second his people need the true King lo lean the
nation on, he started to learn to become a King, learn about his history, philosophy,
and how to embrace every segment of his people. The stories about courage also
delivered when the journey of Caspian meet his loyals (The Old Narnian Hood) on
the sixth chapter, The People that Lived in Hiding, this chapter tell two side of
courages first about many marginalized people by Telmarine found the prince in the
wood and reborn a new hope for the future, second for Caspian for being brave
enough to lead those people. And then Caspian started to courage himself to start his
own journey to the Old Narnia and meet Aslan (the representation of hope and nearly
god). Then he was blowing his magic horn to recall the Kings and Queens of The Old
Narnian, which is Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy: four children who found their way
into the magical land of Narnia through a secret passage way through a wardrobe in
the first novel. The recall of The Old Narnian Kings and Queens also build a
subjective about courage, Caspian and his old narnian people hoping for a help, a big
chilvary and magic but in fact, they did not found anything but only the four young
people, children of adam, and when they missed the expectation, they remind
themselves about the spirit of old narnian, that spirit is more important than any
military equipment and dozens knight. The spirit for being brave, the spirit for being
wise, the spirit of familyhood instead of helping each other and trusting each other, is
• The Revolution toward for Restoration for a better world
Whole Saga of The Cronicles of Narnia repeat this theme, the revolution
toward for restoration for a better world, but the second novel which is Prince Caspian novel reflect it more. For the start, this novel telling us about the magnificiant world that left behind, an ancient that have been forgotten, in the middle
of the novel, the story tell us that the new world became chaos for greedy politic and
imperial hesitation, then the novel tell us about how the forgotten one, which is the
old narnian arise again, step by step. Started with the young prince of Telmarine,
Caspian horn is revolusion for his uncle. And the four Kings and Queens of Narnia ;
Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy, with the kings and queens of old and Aslan at his
side Prince Caspian finds himself easily capable of defeating his uncle and bringing
Narnia back to its previous glory. remake the restoration just like what Aslan did
about The Whitch Kingdom in the first book of the Saga
• Adventure and Friendship.
In was reflect in every parts of the novel. It started with adventure, it was
described since the beginning of the novel on the first chapter, The Island. The first
chapter tell about when the four children are sitting in a railway station when they
feel themselves being tugged back into Narnia. They are somehow transported to Cair
Paravel, their former castle, which is now a ruin. There they are found by a dwarf
who brings them back to Caspian. At the end of the story, Susan and Peter are told
Kings and Queens with Aslan, The four Kings and Queens with Caspian, Caspian and
his tutor – half telmarine half narnian, Caspian and his little knight of Old Narnian,
reflect an adventure journey from the beginning until the end of the story.
3.2 Plot
In Prince Caspian novel, the author tells the story step by step in chronologivally manner. Thus, Prince Caspian novel is using progressive plot. The story began, when The Kings and Queens of Narnia, in real world
awaiting their train to school after the summer holidays, are magically whisked away
to a beach near an old and ruined castle. They come to realize the ruin is
where they once ruled as the Kings and Queens of
vault where Peter's sword and shield, Susan's bow and arrows, and Lucy's bottle of
magical cordial and dagger are stored. Susan's horn for summoning help is missing,
however, as she left it in the woods the day they returned to England after their first
visit to Narnia. Although only a year has passed in England, many centuries have
passed in Nar
That same day, they intervene to rescue
who have brought him to the ruins to drown him. Trumpkin tells the children that
since their disappearance, a race of men called
driving the Talking Beasts into the wilderness and pushing even their memory
but the rightful king is Miraz's young nephew,
support of the Old Narnians.
Miraz had usurped the throne by killing his own brother, Caspian's
father
Prince Caspian, until that point ignorant of his uncle's evil deeds, escaped
from
in the lore of Old Narnia, and who gives him in parting Queen Susan's horn. Caspian
flees into the forest but is knocked unconscious when his horse bolts. He awakes in
the den of a talking badger,
who accept Caspian as their king.
The badger and dwarves take Caspian to meet many creatures of Old Narnia.
They gather for a council at midnight on
warn them of the approach of King Miraz and his army; he urges them to flee
to
Narnians to the How, and after several skirmishes the Narnians appear close to defeat.
At a second war council, they discuss whether to use Queen Susan's horn, and
whether it will bring Aslan or the Kings and Queens of the golden age. Not knowing
where help will arrive, they dispatch
Trumpkin to Cair Paravel, and it is then that Trumpkin is captured by the Telmarines
Trumpkin and the Pevensies make their way to Caspian. They try to save time
by travelling up
follow where he leads, but the others do not believe her and follow their original
course, which becomes increasingly difficult. In the night, Aslan calls Lucy and tells
her that she must awaken the others and insist that they follow her on Aslan's path. In
the cold early hours of morning the others eventually obey. They begin to see Aslan's
shadow, then Aslan himself. Aslan sends Peter, Edmund, and Trumpkin ahead to
Aslan's How to deal with the treachery brewing there, and follows with Susan and
Lucy.
Peter, Edmund, and Trumpkin enter Aslan's How; they overhear Nikabrik and
his confederates, a Hag and a Wer-Wolf, trying to convince Caspian, Cornelius, and
Trufflehunter to help them resurrect the
defeat Miraz. A fight ensues, and Nikabrik and his two friends are slain.
Peter challenges Miraz to single combat; the army of the victor in this duel
will be considered the victor in the war. Even though he has a stronger army and thus
has more to lose by a duel, Miraz accepts the challenge, goaded by his two
lords
cry that the Narnians have cheated and stabbed the King in the back while he was
down. They command the Telmarine army to attack, and in the commotion that
follows, Glozelle stabs Miraz in the back. Aslan, meanwhile, accompanied by Lucy
woods to life. The gods and awakened trees liberate several victims of Telmarine
oppression, then intervene to turn the tide of battle and send the Telmarines fleeing.
Discovering themselves trapped at the Great River, where their bridge has been
destroyed by Bacchus, the Telmarines surrender.
Aslan gives the Telmarines a choice of staying in Narnia under Caspian or
returning to Earth, their original home. After one volunteer disappears through the
magic door created by Aslan, the Pevensies go through to reassure the other
Telmarines, though Peter and Susan reveal to Edmund and Lucy that they are too old
to return furthermore to Narnia. The Pevensies find themselves back at the railway
station where the adventure began, just as the train to Susan and Lucy's boarding
school pulls up into the station.
3.3 The Character
There are some character in Prince Caspian novel. In this chapter, the writer will describe main character and peripheral character. There are six main characters
in this novel, and ten peripheral characters.
3.3.1 Main Character
•
introduces Caspian as the young nephew of and heir to King
this time 1300 years have passed since the rule of High Ki
into hiding by Caspian's ancestors, the
believed to be
With
Deliverance" and restore old Narnia. Despite his Telmarine bloodline, Caspian is
named the rightful heir by Aslan himself, for he is a member of Adam's race from
Earth. He becomes King Caspian X.
•
years before, is a cruel and unpopular ruler who has imposed stern laws and high
taxes on the Narnian population. Most notorious for banning the teaching of
Narnia's pre
He initially tolerates Caspian as his heir, taking the title of
himself, before ascending the throne while Caspian is a small child. Many years
later, his wife,
in order to clarify the succession. He fights the Old Narnians, who support
Caspian, and accepts a challenge to single combat with Peter to settle the matter;
but he is killed treacherously by Lord Glozelle after the duel.
•
she has a terrible time convincing her brothers and sister as well as Trumpkin the
dwarf that he had returned, echoing her trials early in the first book. However,
Edmund believes her and backs her up, due to her being right about Narnia itself
they refuse to come with her. Lucy comments that Aslan has grown larger, but
really she is the one that has grown.
•
Lucy's sighting of Aslan, pointing out that in their first adventure she turned out
to be right and he ended up looking a bit silly. He convinces Trumpkin the dwarf
that they are the Kings and Queens from the legend by defeating him in a sparring
practice. He later helps Peter and Trumpkin defend Caspian against Nikabrik, the
hag, and the werewolf, which Edmund kills. Edmund is also there to witness
Peter's duel against Miraz. In this book Edmund is around 11 years old at the time
of their return. He has since become more caring and protective of Lucy, and is
the first person to believe her when she sees Aslan, supporting her against the
disbelief of Trumpkin and her other siblings. Edmund proves to be much more
mature than Peter and Caspian both, but he stays out of their arguments. Edmund
is indispensable in all the battles, to Peter especially; sneaking into Miraz's castle
ahead of the army to signal that it was safe to enter, and presenting Peter's
proposition for a duel to Miraz and goading him into accepting, thereby buying
them time. Edmund, along with Trumpkin, Reepicheep, and others, provides
some comedic relief throughout the story. It can also be thought that Edmund's
repeated heroism and nobility is an attempt at compensating for betraying his
•
When the children are forced to make a decision, Peter, as High King, has the
final word. In order to stall the war long enough for Lucy to find Aslan and
awaken the Narnians, Peter claims the right to a one-on-one duel with the
Telmarine king, Miraz. After the Pevensie children help defeat the Telmarines,
Peter formally gives Caspian the authority to rule a free Narnia. Aslan gives
Caspian the authority to "rule under Us and under the High King". Peter later
confided to Lucy and Edmund that he was told by Aslan that he and Susan will
never return to Narnia, as they are now too old, and have learned all that they can
from that world.
•
arrow. Susan's magical horn plays an important part in the adventures of
half
King
transferred to Narnia from a railway station in
arrows she has retrieved from the ruin of
legendary prowess at archery by defeating
competition. She is described as being enormously gentle and tender-hearted,
being embarrassed to defeat the dwarf. Edmund, however, later describes her as
later admits to having known deep down that it was true. Aslan tells Susan that
she has "listened to fears", but his breath soon restores her faith and she immerses
herself in their adventures as deeply as in the first book. She later accompanies
Lucy as Aslan revives the forest and river spirits of Narnia. By the conclusion
of Prince Caspian, Aslan says that she and Peter will never enter Narnia again because they have accomplished what they needed to there.
3.3.2 Peripheral Character
•
•
by Miraz's soldiers and taken to Cair Paravel to be drowned, he is freed by the
Pevensie children and leads them to Caspian. At the beginning of the novel he is
entirely skeptical about the existence of Aslan and the ancient Kings and Queens,
but learns better in the course of the story.
•
Caspian about old Narnia and courage him to prepare himself to become a King,
work as formal and legal tutor to Caspian and also aids in the Narnians' defeat of
the Telmarines.
•
Aslan from his bonds in the previous book, and were thus given the gift of
•
Together with a Hag and a Wer-Wolf, he plots to raise the
the Telmarines through black magic, but all three are killed by Caspian and his
allies.
•
Prince Caspian in his struggle against Miraz.
•
•
• LordLord
Miraz they manipulate him into accepting Peter's challenge, cry treachery when
Miraz falls and secretly stab him in the back.
3.4 Setting
In this paper, the writer will analyze the setting into two parts, setting of place
and setting of time.
3.4.1 Setting of Place
countries. The author also provides glimpses of more fantastic locations that exist in and around the main world of Narnia, including an edge and an underworld.
3.4.2.Setting of Time
1940’s London year. 600 years after the old narnia built.
3.5 Point of View
The author of Prince Caspian novel uses the third person point of view as his technique to writing. The author uses the He/She/Them as main character, the
They/Them as supporting characters. The He/She/Them character in this novel were
The Kings and Queens of Narnia, Peter Pevensie, Susan Pevensie, Edmund Pevensie
4.CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
4.1 Conclusions
After analyzing the intrinsic elements of C.S Lewis’s Saga Novel, Prince Caspian, in this chapter the writer would like to conclude the analysis of the novel as follow :
1.The Theme
The theme of Prince Caspian novel is about courage for life and the revolution toward for restoration for a better world. Then the sub theme in this novel
is about adventure and friendship. The theme experience by Prince Caspian and The
Kings and Queens of Narnia as the main characters in this novel. They prove that
with courage they can build a revolusion and concret the restoration for the hood that
left behind, balance of every creatures. Instead of that their friendship and how
familyhood helping each other contribute to succeed to implement their vision and
react their missions.
2.The Plot
The author of Prince Caspian novel uses the progressive plot. The story start when The Kings and Queens of Narnia, Peter, Susan, Edmund, Lucy magicly
captivated again to the world of Narnia because of the horn of hope that blew by the
Telmarine, Prince Caspian, and tells step by step how these main characters proclaim
3.The Character
In Prince Caspian novel, there are six main characters and ten peripheral characters. The central character is Prince Caspian
4.The Setting
The setting of places in Prince Caspian is The World of Narnia and London. The writer doesnt found the real time of Narnia Age in this novel because the author
doesnt mention the exact time when the story began.
5.The Point of View
The author uses the He/She/Them as main character, the They/Them as supporting
characters. The He/She/Them character in this novel were The Kings and Queens of
Narnia, Peter Pevensie, Susan Pevensie, Edmund Pevensie and Lucy Pevensie, Prince
of Telmarine Caspian or King Caspian X as they act as persons who wacthing the
experience of the main characters.
6.The Style
Prince Caspian novel using some old-literature of British English to describe some situation or the sentence of conversation inside the story.
4.2 Suggestion
After explaining and analyzing the intrinsic element of Prince Caspian novel. I would hope this paper will make the readers can understand about story and get
things found in this novel are very interisting to analyze further. I realize that paper is
still far from being perfect and in writing this paper, I only used the simple words. So
i approve constructive criticism to my paper so that will give more benefit to me in
REFERENCES
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Gill, Richard. 1985. Mastering English Literature. London: McMillan Education LTD.
Hamalian, Leo and Karl, Frederick R.1967. The Shape of Fiction. New York: McGraw Hill
Inc.Printed in United Stated of American.
Laoli, R A. 2011. The Intrinsic Analysis In Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel Ranah 3 Warna. Medan:
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Lewis, C. S. 1970. Prince Caspian (Book 2 In The Chronicles Of Narnia). New York: Collier
Books Macmillan Publishing Company.
Lukens, Rebecca J. 1999. A Critical Handbook of Children’s Literature. New York:
Longman.
Nurgiyantoro, Burhan.1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University
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Robert, Edgar V, Jacobs, Henry E. 1985. Literature: Introduction to Reading and Writing.
New York, USA: A Simon and Schuster Company.
Stanton, Robert.1965. An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
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Sukada, Made. 1987. Pembinaan Kritik Sastra Indonesia Masalah Sistematika Analisis
Struktur Fiksi. Bandung: Angkasa.
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Books.
APPENDICES
Biography of C. S. Lewis
Born on November 29, 1898, in Belfast Ireland, C.S. Lewis went on to teach
at Oxford University and became a renowned apologist writer, using logic and
philosophy to support the tenets of his Christian faith. He is also known throughout
the world as the author of The Chronicles of Narnia fantasy series, which have been adapted into various films for the big and small screens.
Author Clive Staples Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, on November 29,
1898, to Flora August Hamilton Lewis and Albert J. Lewis. As a toddler, Clive
declared that his name was Jack, which is what he was called by family and friends
thenceforth. He was close to his older brother Warren and the two spent much time
together as children. Lewis was enraptured by fantastic animals and tales of gallantry,
and hence the brothers created the imaginary land of Boxen, complete with an
intricate history that served them for years.
Lewis's mother died when he was 10, and he went on to receive his
pre-college education at boarding schools and from a tutor. During WWI, he served with
the English army and was sent home after being wounded by shrapnel. He then chose
to live as a surrogate son with Janie Moore, the mother of a friend of Lewis's who
Lewis graduated from Oxford University with a focus on literature and classic
philosophy, and in 1925 was awarded a fellowship teaching position at Magdalen
College, which was part of the university. There, he also joined the group known as
The Inklings, an informal collective of writers and intellectuals who counted among
their members Lewis's brother, Warren Lewis, and J.R.R. Tolkien. It was through
conversations with group members that Lewis found himself re-embracing
Christianity after having become disillusioned with the faith as a youth. He would go
on to become renowned for his rich apologist texts, where he explained his spiritual
beliefs via platforms of logic and philosophy.
Lewis began publishing work in the mid-1920s with his first book, the
satirical Dymer (1926). After penning other titles—including The Allegory of Love
(1936), for which he won the Hawthornden Prize—he released in 1938 his first sci-fi
work, Out of the Silent Planet, the first of a trilogy which dealt sub-textually with concepts of sin and desire. Later, during World War II, Lewis gave highly popular
radio broadcasts on Christianity which won many converts; his speeches were
collected in the work Mere Christianity.
During the '50s, Lewis started to publish the seven books that would comprise
resplendent with mythical creatures and talking animals. Different parts of the series
represented a variety of Biblical themes; one prominent character is Aslan, a lion and
the ruler of Narnia, who has also been interpreted as a Jesus Christ figure. (Lewis
would assert that his Narnia stories weren't a direct allegory to the real world.)
Though the book received some negative reviews, general readers took to the
story in a big way. The series has retained its international popularity over the
decades.
In 1954, Lewis joined the faculty of Cambridge University as a literature
professor, and in 1956 he married an American English teacher, Joy Gresham, with
whom he had been in correspondence. Lewis was full of joy during the years of their
marriage, though Gresham died of cancer in 1960. Lewis grieved deeply for his wife
and shared his thoughts in the book A Grief Observed, using a pen name.
In 1963, Lewis resigned from his Cambridge position after experiencing heart
trouble. He died on November 22, 1963, in Headington, Oxford.
Lewis was a prolific author of fiction and nonfiction who wrote dozens of
books over the course of his career. His faith-based arguments as seen in texts like
The Great Divorce (1946) and Miracles (1947) are held in high regard by many theologians, scholars and general readers. Lewis also continued his love affair with
Faces: A Myth Retold (1956) featured the story of Psyche and Cupid. He also penned an autobiography, Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life (1955).
Lewis's landmark series, The Chronicles of Narnia, has seen a number of on-screen iterations, including a cartoon version of The Lion, The Witch and the
Wardrobe that was released in 1979 and a 1989 BBC film series. Additionally, in 2005, FOX released a big-screen adaptation of The Lion, The Witch and the
Wardrobe, starring Tilda Swinton as the witch Jadis and Liam Neeson as the voice of Aslan. Two more Narnia films have been brought to theaters as well: Prince Caspian
(2008) and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010). Lewis's relationship with his wife Joy has also been depicted in Shadowlands, presented as a play and two films; one of the film versions was directed by Richard Attenborough and starred Anthony
Summary
Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy Pevensie sit at a railway station waiting for
the train that will whisk them away to boarding school. For those unfamiliar with the
concept, a boarding school is what you'd get if a regular school and a jail had a baby
(read: you live there, all day, all school year). Luckily for the Pevensie children, a
magical force does the whisking instead of the train, and they find themselves in a
thick thicket.
As any curious children would, they go exploring. They discover they are on a
forested island with a bunch of ruins. Peter figures out that they've returned to Narnia,
and that these ruins are their old castle of Cair Paravel from back when they were
kings and queens. To prove it, they find their old treasure room where their awesome
king and queen swag remains. Nice.
The next morning, they rescue a dwarf from being drowned by a couple of
soldiers. NBD. The dwarf thanks them and tells them he fights for King Caspian, a
Telmarine and the true king of Old and New Narnians alike. Old Narnians? New?
Caspian? Sounds like some backstory is in order, and the dwarf kindly obliges.
Caspian was the son of the king, but after the king's death, his uncle, Miraz,
ruled as a regent since Caspian was too young. Caspian learned of Old Narnia and the
Cornelius taught the young king until Miraz's wife became pregnant. Realizing
Caspian's life was in danger, Cornelius snuck him out of the castle and sent him
riding toward the southern woods.
There, he met the Old Narnians, including Trufflehunter the badger;
Trumpkin and Nikabrik the dwarfs; a couple talking bears and squirrels; and some
centaurs and fauns for good measure. What self-respecting magical wood doesn't
have centaurs and fauns bound about, right? With the rightful king on their side, the
Old Narnians decide the time for a civil war has come.
Seems like a good idea—until they start to lose. In a moment of desperation,
Caspian blows Susan's horn, given to him by Dr. Cornelius, and Trumpkin heads to
Cair Paravel to see if Aslan or some other type of divine assistance has shown up to
help (30 minutes or less or the miracle is free!).
And this is where we came in to the story. Trumpkin and the Pevensie
children agree to beat feet and get to Caspian's aid as soon as possible. They get lost
along the way and suffer hardships, including a non-talking bear, which apparently
aren't as friendly as their chit-chatty brothers. When they get to a gorge, Lucy spots
Aslan, but the others, save Edmund, don't believe her. They take the hard road and
When they sleep, Aslan comes to Lucy and tells her to wake the others.
Although always a difficult task to wake up campers, she manages, and they all
follow Aslan to Caspian's camp. There, they find Nikabrik trying to resurrect the
White Witch, source of evil, eternal winter, and enemy of Christmas. Since Peter and
Edmund are fans of good things and Christmas presents, they stop Nikabrik and his
corrupt companions.
With his new army outnumbered, Peter challenges Miraz to single combat,
which Miraz accepts because he feels his pride is on the line. Peter and Miraz duke it
out old-school style with swords and armor. But their duel is cut short when two
Telmarine lords, Glozelle and Sopespian, betray and stab Miraz in the back (literally).
The Telmarines fight the Narnians, but with Peter and Edmund in command, the
Narnians beat them back to the river.
Wait, but what were Susan and Lucy up to during all this? Well, they were
with Aslan invading the town of Beruna. With the gods and creatures of old, they
scared off the Telmarines who were scared of the old ways while accepting others
into their fold.
Victory and success! Caspian becomes King of Narnia, and the Old Narnians
can again live freely in their land. Aslan allows the Telmarines who wish to remain in
As for Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy, they have to return to their own
world, too. For Peter and Susan, it's bittersweet as Aslan says they've become too old
to return to Narnia again (a.k.a. too tall to ride this ride). It's hinted that Edmund and
Lucy will return one day, though. And with that, they return to the railway station and
