ix ABSTRACT
Emy Christiani (2009). Message as Seen through Edmund’s Characteristic in
C.S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe, Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata
Dharma University.
C.S. Lewis’ novel entitled The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe which was published in 2007 becomes the object of this study.
The study focuses on the possible message as seen through the character that is supported by the conflicts.
The aims of this study first analyze the character, Edmund, and find out the conflict that he faced to support his characteristics. The seconds aim is to reveal the possible message in the story from the character.
The study uses objective criticism as the approach to analyze this novel. This approach emphasizes on the literature itself that is from the intrinsic elements. This study analyzes the message that can be taken from the intrinsic elements, they are the characteristic and the conflicts. The theory that is used in analyzing this study is theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict and theory of message.
x ABSTRAK
Emy Christiani (2009). Message as Seen through Edmund’s Characteristic in
C.S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe, Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Sastra. Universitas
Sanata Dharma
Novel C.S. Lewis berjudul The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The
Witch, and The Wardrobe yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2007 menjadi objek dari
studi ini. Studi ini berfokus pada pesan yang terungkap dari tokoh karakter yang didukung oleh konflik.
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah pertama menganalisa karakter, Edmund, dan menemukan konflik yang dia hadapi untuk mendukung karakternya. Tujuan kedua mengungkap pesan cerita dari tokoh karakter.Studi ini menggunakan kritik objektif sebagai pendekatan untuk menganalisa novel.
Pendekatan ini menekankan pada karya sastra itu sendiri, yaitu unsur-unsur intrinsik. Penelitian ini menganalisis pesan yang diambil dari unsur-unsur-unsur-unsur intrinsik yaitu karakteristik dan konflik. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisa studi adalah teori karakter dan karakterisasi, toeri konflik dan teori pesan.
MESSAGE AS SEEN THROUGH EDMUND’S
CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA:
THE LION THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
EMY CHRISTIANI
Student Number: 094214053
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
iv
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been
previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that,
to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material
previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the
text of the undergraduate thesis.
Yogyakarta, August 31, 2015
v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIK
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama : Emy Christiani
Nomor Mahasiswa : 094214053
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
MESSAGE AS SEEN THROUGH EDMUND’S CHARACTER IN C.S.
LEWIS’ THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION THE WITCH AND
THE WARDROBE
Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,
mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin ataupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal: 31 Agustus 2015
Yang menyatakan
vi
FOR ALL OF
MY FAMILY
AND
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ who gives me strength,
health, guidance, and His Blessing so I can finish my thesis.
Then, I would like to thank Adventina Putranti, S.S.,M.Hum as my major
advisor and Maria Ananta Tri S., S.S., M.Ed as my co advisor. I am grateful for
their important advice and suggestions during the writing of my thesis.
I also would like to thank all members of teaching staff of English Letters
Department of Sanata Dharma for giving me valuable knowledge during my study
in English Letters. I also would to thank all the administrative staff, secretariat
staff, and library staff, who gave many help for completing my thesis.
I am extremely grateful to my beloved father and mother for their support,
love, patience, and understanding. To my sister and brother, I thank you for your
unseen support to finish this undergraduate thesis.
Finally lot of gratitude goes to all my friends in English Letters, especially
Yeyen, Yogaku, Creseilla, Ivan Ray, Beawinda, Abraham Mov, Etha, for your
support, discussion, suggestion, tips, and everything that can push me to finish
this undergraduate thesis.
Last but not least, I would like to thank everyone who has not been
mention here for everything they have given me. All of them have motivated me
viii
a. Theory of Character and characterization…………..…………. 8
b. Theory of Conflict………. ……..……….. 10
A. Edmund’s characteristic and his conflicts..……….………… 18
B. Message Revealed by Edmund’s characteristic and his Conflicts… 31 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION………….……….……… 39
ix ABSTRACT
Emy Christiani (2009). Message as Seen through Edmund’s Characteristic in
C.S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe, Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata
Dharma University.
C.S. Lewis’ novel entitled The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe which was published in 2007 becomes the object of this study.
The study focuses on the possible message as seen through the character that is supported by the conflicts.
The aims of this study first analyze the character, Edmund, and find out the conflict that he faced to support his characteristics. The seconds aim is to reveal the possible message in the story from the character.
The study uses objective criticism as the approach to analyze this novel. This approach emphasizes on the literature itself that is from the intrinsic elements. This study analyzes the message that can be taken from the intrinsic elements, they are the characteristic and the conflicts. The theory that is used in analyzing this study is theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict and theory of message.
x ABSTRAK
Emy Christiani (2009). Message as Seen through Edmund’s Characteristic in
C.S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe, Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Sastra. Universitas
Sanata Dharma
Novel C.S. Lewis berjudul The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The
Witch, and The Wardrobe yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2007 menjadi objek dari
studi ini. Studi ini berfokus pada pesan yang terungkap dari tokoh karakter yang didukung oleh konflik.
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah pertama menganalisa karakter, Edmund, dan menemukan konflik yang dia hadapi untuk mendukung karakternya. Tujuan kedua mengungkap pesan cerita dari tokoh karakter.Studi ini menggunakan kritik objektif sebagai pendekatan untuk menganalisa novel.
Pendekatan ini menekankan pada karya sastra itu sendiri, yaitu unsur-unsur intrinsik. Penelitian ini menganalisis pesan yang diambil dari unsur-unsur-unsur-unsur intrinsik yaitu karakteristik dan konflik. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisa studi adalah teori karakter dan karakterisasi, toeri konflik dan teori pesan.
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Literature is a creative work based on the representation of human life that
usually contains specific issues at specific time. Hudson said that literature is a
vital record of men have seen in life, what they have experienced in life, what they
thought and left about life through the medium of language (1958:10). It means
that an author produce literary work based on what he has experiences in his life,
what he has seen, and what he has thought through creative writing.
Novel is one of the literary works. Novel is different from other kinds of
literature, because a novel has an explanation of elements, such as the characters,
the conflicts, plots, setting, symbols, messages, themes, etc. A novel usually
shows the development of the characters or a large complex social situation or a
relationship involving many characters or a complicated event covering many
years, or a complex relationship among characters in detail (Stanton, 1965:44).
From those elements of the novel, the writer will focus only on conflict,
character and message. Character is an important element in the story. Character
is a person who acts in the story that is created by the author and have important
role in creating the conflict in a story.
By reading a novel, people do not only gain satisfaction but also the
message that given by the author. Every novel may consists of some messages
can use their perception in putting those messages. Like Henkle said, “It would
enrich our appreciation of the novel if we could put its message clearer
perspective” (1977: 2-3).
In this thesis the writer wants to analyze a novel which is written by C.S.
Lewis. The Chronicles of Narnia are series of seven fantasy novels, they are
recognized as children’s fantasy novel. They are also popular in student and adult.
These books are about the adventure of Son of Adam and Daughter of Eve, Peter,
Susan, Edmund, and Lucy, to a place populated by men and women, dwarves,
giants, merpeople, centaurs, and fauns, ruled by a ferocious and gigantic lion
named Aslan. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is the one of seven books of
the series. This story is about the experiences of the major characters in exploring
the magic world, Narnia. The story is started when Peter, Susan, Edmund, and
Lucy play hide and seek when they play, Lucy found the wardrobe that inside it
there was a magic world. In this story, one of the main characters, Edmund, he
meets a witch who is gives him a promise to be a King in Narnia. Yet, he become
a King in Narnia, he has to bring his siblings as a requirement. When he comes to
the witch’s house he does not bring his sibling, so the witch became angry and he
treat Edmund cruelty. In the end of story, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy
became King and Queen of Narnia by defeat the witch.By analyze the character
and the conflict that exists in the story, the writer can see the message.
According to Van de Laar and Scoonderwoerd the novel or short story is
made up of seven elements known as the intrinsic elements; they are story or plot,
novelist’s philosophy of life (1969:163). In this thesis, the writer would like to
focus on how the message reveal through describing Edmund, one of the main
character in the story The Chronicles of Narnia:The Lion, the Witch and the
Wardrobe.
The writer chooses this novel as the object of this thesis because from the
characters and the story of this novel the writer can get something lay behind the
literary work itself, which is the message that appears in the story. Interestingly
enough, the novel is not specifically written for children but also for adult. C.S.
Lewis in The Chronicles of Narnia:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe has a
message that useful not only for children but also for adult or some generation.
B. Problem Formulation
The writer formulates two problems to be analyzed in this thesis. The
problems are formulated as:
1. How is Edmund’s characteristic and his conflict?
2. What is the message revealed through Edmund’s characteristic and his
conflict?
C. Objective of the Study
The objective of this novel is how Edmund, one of the main characters,
described. The conflict that faced by the character can also supports Edmund’s
character and reveals the message by describing him. The first objective is to find
his characteristic. The second objective is to find out possible message that
revealed through describing Edmund.
D. Definition of Terms
It is important to explain the meaning of certain word related to the topic
to avoid ambiguity. These are the terms that are used.
1. Character and characterization
Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work.
The characters are known by the reader as some people who have moral and
dispositional qualities. These qualities are usually expressed in what they say (the
dialogue) and what they do (the action) (Abrams, 2012:46). While
characterization is the process in by which an author creates character (Rohrberger
and Woods, 1971:20).
2. Conflict
A Handbook to Literature describes conflict as the struggle that grows out
of the interplay of the two opposing forces in the plot. Conflict can be argument
opposing forces, like man against man, nature, fate, society or perhaps the internal
one between two opposing parts of man’s personality (Holman and Harmon,
2009: 123).
3. Message
Message is actually the same with theme. A message is define as the real
meaning or some easy conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside
more complexity than message. Message becomes one of the elements that makes
or form a theme. Nevertheless, it has no direct value as suggestion aimed to the
readers (1966: 89). From that explanation, message can be seen as one form of the
6 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies
The novel The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
is one of the seven sagas that are written by C.S. Lewis. The other novel of The
Chronicles of Narniaare The Magician’s Nephew, The Horse and His Boy, Prince Caspian, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Siler Chair, and The Last Battle. The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe novel tells about
two daughter of eve and two son of Adam that are exploring Narnia, a magic
world. They meet some queer creatures like dwarves, giants, merpeople, centaurs,
fauns, and animal that can talking.
There are some people that already discusses this novel, one of them is
Margareth Aritonang. She discusses about the portrayal of the female antagonist
in the seven books of C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia that are assumed as
the representations of Misogyny toward woman. She analyzes each of the females
who are considered antagonist in the novels according to their chronological
appearance. Later she investigates literary allusions from other works of literature
which are found within the female antagonist in the chronicles then addresses the
images of women from the Bible that has been inspiring numbers of literary work
include Narnia. Finally she concludes that the misogynistic accusation at Lewis
Liu Xinjie in his paper, he will demonstrate that The Chronicles of Narnia
the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is the bearer of important moral lesson for
children. He discusses about the important moral value that represent by various
characters, human and animal. By using the devices of talking animals,
fascinating images as well as enchantment, the narrator expresses didactic
message in an entertaining manner. How moral values in The Chronicles of
Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe are expressed in action. It has
inspired children to exceed the limitation of themselves and become the best
people they can be.
Another research is done by Marcelina Galuh Kristiyani. She writes about
personality changing of Edmund after he gets bad treatment. She uses The
Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in her undergraduate
thesis. She works on it and finds the personality changing which happened to
Edmund is caused by the bad treatment by the White Witch. In her undergraduate
thesis Marcelina just focuses on the personality changing.
This research is different from those three researches above. First,
Margareth writes about the female antagonists that exist in C.S. Lewis book. She
analyzes the characters that point out the Bible which has been inspiring for this
novel. Liu Xinjie writes about the moral values from those characters in the novel.
Moreover, Marcelina’s thesis writes about the personality changes Edmund
characteristic, one of the main characters in the novel.
The similarity with those researches is analyzing C.S.Lewis’s book and
above, in this research the writer focuses on the message that revealed by the
character supported by conflicts. It is important for the writer to see the message
from the character because this is a children literature, so the message becomes
the important things. However, the message can also be addressed for anyone who
read it, include an adult. Therefore the study has different topic from the previous
one.
B. Review of Related Theories
There are some theories that are needed to answer the problem
formulation. Those are:
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Character is one of the important elements of the story. The characters are
known by the reader as some people who have moral and dispositional qualities.
These qualities are usually expressed in what they say (the dialogue) and what
they do (the action) (Abrams, 2012:46). In his theory he says that the character is
a person presented and has a role in a story. The readers interpret the character as
characteristic by expressing the way they say or their dialogue and the way they
do or their action.
Characterization is the way the author creates characters. It means that
characterization is process the author creates the characters to make the readers
believes that his character is a particular type of person (Rohrberger and Wood,
There are nine way for the author to tell the readers about a character to be
understandable. They are (Murphy, 1988: 161-173):
a. Personal description
Personal description is how the author can describe the person’s
appearance and clothes, face and body. By the appearance can help the reader to
imagine how the character is.
b. Character as seen by another
Instead of describing a character directly the author can describe him
through the eye and options of another.
c. Speech
The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the person in
the book through what that person says. Whenever a person speaks, whenever he
is in conversation with another whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving
us some clue to this character.
d. Past life
By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life the author
can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. This can be done by direct comment by author, though the person’s thought, thought
his conversation or through the medium of another person.
e. Conversation of others
The author can also give us clue to a person’s character through the
about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of
the person spoken about.
f. Reaction
The author can also give us a clue to a person’s character by letting us
know how that person reacts to various situation and events.
g. Direct comment
The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly.
h. Thought
The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person thinking about.
i. Mannerism
The author can describe a person’s mannerism, habits or idiosyncrasies
which may also tell us something about his character.
Unlike Murphy who has nine ways to understand the characteristic of a
character, Barnet in his book describe only three ways to understand it. They are:
a. What the character/ figure says
How the character says will help the readers interpret her/his
characteristic.
b. What the character does/ acts
The reader can learn the attitudes or behaviors of a character and they may
c. What other characters say about the character
A character interacts with other characters. They share their opinion and
gives comments about that character. Such opinion and statement may reflect the
characteristic of the character drawn.
2. Theory of Conflict
One of important element of fiction is conflict. Every work of fiction
contains two types of conflict. They are internal and external conflict. Internal
conflict means a conflict between man versus himself. That means he/she arguing
with himself/herself. He/she fights against himself about what to do before
something happens this conflict forces him/her to make decision. While, the
external conflict means that the conflict happens when the protagonist has
problem and conflicting against other characters. Usually the protagonist fights
against a single character or more than one (Stanton, 1965: 16)
According to Holman and Harmon, conflict is a struggle that is produced
by the dealings of two opposing focuses in the plot. They explain there are four
types of conflict, they are:
a. A Struggle Between Against Nature.
It presents the character’s struggle when they have to deal with natural
forces, such as flood, hurricane, earthquake, and etc.
b. A Struggle Against Another Person.
It is struggle between the protagonists against another person can be a
c. A Struggle between Society.
It happens when the character deal with a particular social force, condition
produced by society, or society’s value system.
d. A struggle against Fate or Destiny
It is also called internal conflict. It shows the struggle between the
character when they try to change their own fate or destiny (Harmon, 2009:123).
3. Theory of Message
Message is one of elements of any work art that can be found intentionally
or unintentionally. According to Beaty and Hunter a message is defined as the real
meaning or some essay conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside
a work of art (1989: 899). It means that message is the main basic that can cover
the whole idea of a certain work of art. It gives the illusion for the reader that
certain literary work exist to tempt the readers to get the real meaning of live
through the novel, drama, poem, etc.
The meaning of message is often confused with the theme. In order to
avoid the misconception between the meaning and the theme, the writer tries to
conclude by seeing the different meaning between theme and message from the
definition by Beaty and Hunter. They say the difference between theme and
message is that message seeks to inform or convince, meanwhile theme seeks to
have the reader comprehends and emphasizes so that the idea are more broadly
convince the reader rather than giving ideas broadly like theme. These definitions
are hope the writer to find the message from the novel.
Message in a story intended as suggestion related to practical lesson that
can be taken by the readers through the story. They are closely related to the
problems in life, such as attitude and behavior. The readers can find them in real
life, in the same manners as they reflected on the story through it characters.
The message is distributed through those various ways. By contrast, if
readers want to understand or interpret the message, they should do it based on the
story and the character’s life.
C. Theoretical Framework
The topic that the writer wants to discuss in this thesis is the message that
is reflected in character which supported by the conflict in The Chronicles of
Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. To analyze this study, the writer
uses theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict and theory of
message.
The theory of character and characterization are used to answer the first
question in problem formulation, about the characteristic of the main character.
Theory of character from Abram can help the writer to understand about one of
the main characters that exist in the story. To find the characterization the writer
use theory of Murphy that states that there are nine ways to tell the readers about a
Theory of conflict helps the writer to see which conflict that face by the
main character whether he struggle with himself or with other. These theories also
use to support what Edmund describe is.
Theory of message is needed to answer the second problem formulation. It
will help the writer to reveal the message through the characteristic of the main
character that support by the conflict that he faced. This theory is important for the
15 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobeis written
by C.S. Lewis. It consists of 189 pages and it is divided into seventeen chapters.
The story tells about the adventure of the four children, two son of Adam and two
daughter of Eve, in the magical word named Narnia.
This novel has been filmed with the same title The Chronicles of Narnia
the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. The film was directed by Andrew
Adamson and was written by Ann Peacock. This film was produced by Walt
Disney Pictures and released in 8 December 2005. This movie was success in box
office and won some awards.
The story starts when four children, whose name Peter, Susan, Edmund,
and Lucy were sent away from London during the war. They are sent away
because of the air raids. They were sent to the house of an old Professor. When
Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy played hide and seek, Lucy hide in a wardrobe
that brought her into a magical word. Their adventure is started from that. In the
Narnia, one of the boys, Edmund, is seduced by the White Witch who plies him
with Turkish Delight and promises of great power. In the end, Edmund is only
saved from evil when Aslan the lion sacrifices his own life. Nevertheless, Aslan
returns to life and leads his forces in a great battle, after which the children
B. Approach of the Study
In analyzing a literary work, the writer needs a certain approach to
understanding the literary text better. To analyze C.S. Lewis’s novel the writer
chooses the objective criticism. Abrams said:
The objective criticism approaches the work as something which stands free from poet, audience, and the environing world. It examines the literary work based on the work itself, without connecting it to the other aspect outside the work including his historical and social background, or the biography of the author. The objective criticism focuses on the literary work from the intrinsic element such as setting (place and time), theme, character, plot, which building the work. (Abrams, 2012:70)
In the other words, the objective criticism criticizes a work that standing
on a work itself that is to be analyzed by the intrinsic element without any
references to the other external elements.
The writer thinks that the objective criticism is suitable for analyzing this
study which is going to analyze two of the intrinsic elements of those novel, they
are characters and conflict, to reveal the message. This study focuses on the
analysis of character and the conflict, and need no other aspect outside or external
element for the analysis.
C. Method of the Study
The method of study that used to analyze this study was library research.
There were two kinds of sources that used in this analysis, the primary and the
secondary sources. The Chronicles of Narnia: the Lion, the Witch, and the
answer of the problem formulation. The secondary sources takes from the book
that provide the theory of character and characterization, conflict, message, the
criticism and approach on the novel that was important for the study.
Firstly, the writer read the main source that was The Chronicles of Narnia:
the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, then read and re-read so the writer
understood what actually the author wanted to say through the novel. The writer
tried to focus on the novel, especially the characters and the conflict.
Secondly, the writer formulated the problems that were to analyze the
character to get message from describing the main character. To answer the first
problem, the writer analyzed the characteristic and the conflict to describing the
main character. The writer analyzed from the primary book which related to the
characterization of Edmund and his conflict from the beginning to the end of
story.
After the first problem answer, the writer tried to answer the second
problem. The writer answered it by making conclusion some possible messages
from describing Edmund. After the analyzed part had been done, the writer made
conclusion. In making conclusion, the writer concluded all of the analysis starting
from how the main character are described in the story and what the message are
18
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter presents the answer of the problems that have been
formulated in chapter one. The writer discusses them into two sections. The
discussion of the analysis is started by analyzing the major character, named
Edmund, through the conflicts that is faced by Edmund in supporting how
Edmund described. In the end, the writer discusses the massage that can be found
from the characteristic of Edmund and his conflicts.
A. Edmund’s Characteristic and his Conflict
In the novel, Edmund is the third child of Pevensies, one of the main
characters whose personality changes from bad to good. His characteristic
develops because he gets bad treatment from the White Witch. In this part the
writer focuses on his characteristic and his conflicts. It is explained as:
1. Selfish
Edmund is a selfish person. Selfish is having or showing concern only for
your self and not for needs or feelings of other people. The other meaning of
selfish is concerned excessively or exclusively with oneself: seeking or
concentrating on one‘s own advantage, pleasure, or well-being without regard for
other (Webster, 2006:1663). It can be seen when Edmund imagine himself as a
King in Narnia.
… He did want Turkish Delight and to be a Prince (and later a King) and
with the others, he didn‘t want her to be particularly nice to them-certainly not to put them on the same level as himself; … (Lewis, 2007:89)
The quotation above gives a clue that Edmund is selfish. He does not want
his sibling in the same level with him. He also does not want the White Witch
gives a nice attention to them. He wants to be the highest one.
―When I‘m King of Narnia thing I shall do will be to make some decent roads.‖ And of course that set him off thinking about being a King and all the other things he would do and this cheered him up a good deal. He had just settled in his mind what sort of palace he would have and how many cars and all about his private cinema and where the principal railways would run and what laws he would make against beavers and dams and was putting the finishing touches to some scheme for keeping Peter in his place, when the weather changed. (Lewis, 2007:91)
That also supports the assumption that he is selfish from what he thinks
about if he becomes a King in Narnia someday. He will make some decent roads.
He thinks about what sort of palace he would have. He wants to live luxuriously
and he does not think about his siblings. He just thinks about the other things that
will make him happy. For example he wants to have a private cinema, some cars,
make a law against the beavers and make scheme for keeping Peter in the beavers
place.
The White Witch is a not a real Queen in Narnia. She is a horrible witch
that everybody in Narnia hates her. She also makes the country is always in
winter.
―She isn‘t real Queen at all,‖ answer Lucy; ―she‘s a horrible witch, the
White Witch. Every one—all the wood people—hate her. She has made an enchantment over the whole country so that it is always winter here and
Edmund‘s conflict againsts the witch that focuses to bring Edmund‘s
siblings also can be the depiction how selfish Edmund is. From what Edmund
thinks about being a King, he decides to tell the witch about his siblings.
―I‘m come, your Majesty,‖ said Edmund, rushing eagerly forward.
―How dare you come alone?‖ said the Witch in terrible voice. ―Did I not tell you to bring the other with you?‖
―Please, your Majesty,‖ said Edmund, ―I‘ve done the best I can, I‘ve brought them quite close. They‘re in the little house on top of the dam just up the river-with Mr. and Mrs. Beaver.‖ (Lewis, 2007:99)
In that conversation, the writer can conclude that Edmund is a selfish
person. He brings his sibling quite close with them. He tells the witch that his
siblings in Mr. and Mrs. Beaver‘s house. He does not bring his siblings because
he wants to be the only King in Narnia. That is why he does not bring his siblings
to the witch‘s house. That is the best things that he can do. If he brings his siblings
to the witch‘s house, he thinks that the Witch will also make his siblings to be the
King of Narnia. He will not put Peter on the same level with him because he does
not like when Peter calls him a beast. Edmund‘s selfishness brings him in this
situation, conflict against other person.
Furthermore, Edmund‘s selfishness changes him into a greedy person.
Greedy is having or showing a selfish desire to have more of something (such as a
money or food). Greedy also has meaning very eager to have something (Webster,
2006: 805). In the novel, the writer knows that he is a greedy person because he
always concerns only for himself: seeking or concentrating on one‘s own
Edmund meets the White Witch at the first time. The White Witch offers
something to eat and he asks Turkish Delight, as follow:
While he was eating the Queen kept asking him questions. At first
Edmund tried to remember that is rude to speak with one‘s mouth full, but
soon he forget about this thought only of trying to shovel down as much Turkish Delight as he could, and the more he ate the more he wanted to eat, and he never asked himself why the Queen should be so inquisitive. At last the Turkish Delight was all finished and Edmund was looking very hard at empty box and wishing that she should ask him whether he would like some more. (Lewis, 2007:37-38)
―please, please,‖ said Edmund suddenly, ―please couldn‘t I have just one
piece of Turkish Delight to eat on the way home?‖(Lewis, 2007:41)
From what he says, it describes that he never feels enough with what he
gets. He has already gotten a round box that contains several pounds of Turkish
Delight but he wants more to eat on the way home.
Edmund was already feeling uncomfortable from having eaten too many sweets, and when he heard that the Lady he had made friends with was a dangerous witch he felt even more uncomfortable. But he still wanted to taste that Turkish Delight again more than he wanted anything else.(Lewis, 2007:42)
From the explanation above, the writer can identify the characteristic
reacts to various situations. The narration above gives the writer a clue how
Edmund reacts when he feels uncomfortable to be a friend with the White Witch.
Even though Edmund hears that the White Witch is a dangerous witch, he still
seeks his pleasure. His pleasure about eat that Turkish Delight.
Edmund meanwhile had been having a most disappointing time. When the dwarf had gone to get the sledge ready he expected that the Witch would start being nice to him, as he had been at their last meeting. But she said nothing at all. And when at last Edmund plucked up his courage to say,
―Please, your Majesty, could I have some Turkish Delight? You – you-said-―(Lewis, 2007:111)
Edmund also still thinks about the Turkish Delight in fact he is
disappointed to the witch because she is not being nice to him like their last
meeting. Even thought he is disappointed to him, he plucks up his courage to ask
some Turkish delight. From that situation, it can be said that he is a greedy person,
showing a selfish desire to have more of food. He always thinks about the food
whatever the situation he is faced.
By his characteristic that is greedy, the White Witch uses the enchanted
Turkish Delight to tempt Edmund.
Probably the Queen knew quite well what he was thinking; for she knew, though Edmund did not, that this was enchanted Turkish Delight and that anyone who had once tasted it would want more and more of it, and would even, if they were allowed, go on eating it till they killed themselves. But she did not offer him any more. Instead, she said to him (Lewis, 2007:38).
The Witch uses the enchanted Turkish Delight to kill Edmund and his
siblings so that she can be the Queen in Narnia. Thus, she tempts Edmund with
Turkish Delight and promises to him to be a King in Narnia.
… said the Queen. ― I am sure you would like it. There are whole rooms full of Turkish Delight, and what‘s more, I have no children of my own. I
King of Narnia when I am gone. While he was Prince he would wear a gold crown and eat Turkish Delight all day long; and you are much the
cleverest and handsome young man I‘ve ever met. I think I would like to
make you the Prince-some day, when you bring the others to visit me.‖
―why not now? Said Edmund
―oh, but if I took you there now,‖ said she, ― I shouldn‘t see your brother
and your sisters. I very much want to know your charming relations. You are to be the Prince and-later on- the King; that is understood (Lewis, 2007:38-39).
From the speech above, the writer knows that Edmund is a person that
easy to provoke. The Witch tells him about rooms full of Turkish Delight in her
house and makes Edmund wants to come in her house. That also supports how
selfish Edmund because he is easily tempted by the food. She also promises
Edmund that he can be the King of Narnia, but he has to bring his siblings to meet
the Witch. By praising Edmund, the Witch can also make Edmund believe in her.
Edmund becomes a traitor because he is greedy for the authority. He
betrays because of the offer that is given by the White Witch. Edmund betrays his
siblings because he is promised by White Witch to be the King of Narnia.
Edmund‘s character is also seen from the conversation with Mr. Beaver and his
siblings. They talk about Edmund that already becomes a traitor because of this
condition.
―Then mark my words,‖ said Mr. Beaver, ―he has already met the White
Witch and joined her side, and been told where she lives. I didn‘t like to mention it before (he being your brother and all) but the moment I set eyes
on that brother of yours I said to myself ‗Treacherous.‘ He had look of one
who has been with the Witch and eaten her food. You can always tell them
Like what Mr. Beaver says, Edmund already meets the Witch and joins on
her side. Edmund has already known where the witch is living. When Mr. Beaver
meets Edmund, Mr. Beaver knows that he is a treacherous.
―if you please sir,‖ said Edmund, trembling so that he could hardly speak, ―my name is Edmund, and I‘m the Son of Adam that Her Majesty met in the wood the other day and I‘ve come to bring her the news that my
brother and sisters are now in Narnia-quite close, in the Beaver‘s house.
She-she wanted to see them.‖(Lewis, 2007:98)
Edmund who is the son of Adam comes to the Witch‘s house to tell that he
already brings his siblings to Narnia with his trembling voice. He does not bring
his siblings to her house but they are quite close, they are in the Beaver‘s house.
―Please, your Majesty,‖ said Edmund, ―I‘ve done the best I can. I‘ve brought them quite close. They‘re in the little house on top of the dam just
up the river-with Mr. and Mrs. Beaver.‖(Lewis, 2007:99)
After he meets the Witch, he tells to the Queen about his sibling. He tells
her that the siblings are in the Beaver‘s house and he can not bring them to the
Witch. According to him, the best things that he can do bring his sibling quite
close to her.
To support how selfish Edmund is, it can be seen by the way he faces his
internal conflict and external conflict. The dilemma that Edmund faces is whether
to tell the truth or keep the secret and telling a lie about the country.
If Edmund tells the truth about Narnia, he can not be the King of Narnia
because his siblings will be on the faun side. But, when he keeps the secret about
the existence of Narnia and tells a lie to them, he can be the King like he is
promised at the first met and he can also taste the Turkish Delight. He fights with
himself about what he has to do whether he has to keep secret or tells about
Narnia.
Edmund selfishness makes him telling a lie and it can be seen when he
argues with his siblings about Narnia. Edmund has already gone in the wardrobe
and he has found a country that Lucy tells about to her siblings. Edmund meets
Lucy in Narnia. Lucy wants Edmund to tell Peter and Susan about Narnia. She
wants Peter and Susan knows that Narnia is real.
―What‘s all this about, Ed?‖ said Peter.
And now we come to one nastiest thing in this story. Up to that moment Edmund had been feeling sick, sulky, and annoyed with Lucy for being
right, but he hadn‘t made up his mind what to do. When Peter suddenly
asked him the question he decide all at once to do the meanest and most spiteful thing he could think of. He decided to let Lucy down.
―Tell us Ed,‖ said Susan
And Edmund gave a very superior look as if he were far older than Lucy
(there was really only a year‘s different) and then a little snigger and said,
―Oh, yes, Lucy and I have been playing-pretending that all her story about a country in wardrobe is true. Just for fun, of course. There‘s nothing there
really‖ (Lewis, 2007:45)
Lucy expects Edmund to convince Peter and Susan to believe that the
story about Narnia is true. Peter and Susan ask Edmund about Narnia, but
Edmund decides to tell a lie to his sibling about a country in a wardrobe. There is
something that he does not want his siblings know about what‘s on in Narnia and
King of Narnia. He tells that the country in the wardrobe is nothing, he just
pretends that the story about Narnia is not real.
Edmund‘s selfishness makes Lucy down. He tells to his siblings that
Lucy‘s story about a country in the wardrobe is not real, just for fun. Moreover, he
succeeded to make Lucy sad and rushes out of the room. He keeps secret about it
because he still wants to taste the Turkish Delight and to be a King of Narnia
without regard for other. His selfishness shows when he disregards the other. He
only concerns with his own advantage.
Edmund‘s selfishness can also be seen when he being spiteful. Edmund
likes to jeer and being beastly to anyone who is smaller than him. It can be seen
when Lucy tells about her experience in Narnia to her siblings, they do not believe
about it. They think that she was telling a lie. It makes Lucy become sad. The
quotation below strengthens that he is selfish.
The others who thought that she was telling a lie and a silly lie too, made her very unhappy. The two elder ones did this without meaning to do it, but Edmund could be spiteful, and on this occasion he was spiteful. He
sneered and jeered at Lucy and kept on asking her if she‘d found any other new countries in other cupboards all over the house. (Lewis, 2007:26)
Peter and Susan do that without any purpose to make Lucy sad, because
she tells about a country in the cupboard that they think that it is only a story
made up for fun, but Edmund does that pitiless. He sneers and jeers Lucy about
the new country that she has found in the cupboard.
This evidence also shows that Edmund likes being beastly not only with
―You didn‘t think anything at all,‖ said Peter; ―it‘s just spite. You‘ve always liked being beastly to anyone smaller than yourself; we‘ve seen that at school before now (Lewis, 2007:46).‖
From Peter‘s speech, it gives a clue that Edmund is selfish. He is selfish
because he just want to concern with him own pleasure by being mean to other
person especially one who smaller than him.
The way he faces his dilemma until he decides to tell a lie, it describes
how selfish Edmund is. He becomes a liar in order to be a King and eat the
Turkish Delight. He is selfish not only about the food, but also on the authority
that make him became a liar.
Beside the dilemma that he faces, external conflict that Edmund faces also
can be the depiction of how selfish Edmund is.
Edmund, who was becoming a nastier person every minute, thought that
he had scored a great success, and went on at once to say, ―There she goes again. What‘s the matter with her? That‘s the worst of young kid, they
always-―
―Look here,‖ said Peter, turning on him savagely, ―shut up! You‘ve been
perfectly beastly to Lu ever since she started this nonsense about the wardrobe, and now you go playing games with her about it and setting her off again. I believe you did it simply out of spite (Lewis, 2007:45).‖
In the quotation above, Edmund becomes a nastier person. At the first time
when Lucy tells about a country that she can get through the wardrobe, he jeers
Lucy and now, when he already knows about Narnia, he makes Lucy angry and
hurt her feeling by pretending there is nothing real in Narnia.
Edmund that is selfish can be seen in the conflict that he faces. He gets a
conflict against Peter. Peter does not like Edmund who likes to jeer Lucy and
In that conversation, there is a tension between Peter and Edmund. Peter
does not like the way Edmund treats his sister and can not value his sister that tells
about Narnia. In fact, Edmund has already gone to Narnia, a magical country that
Lucy has been said before. Lucy wants Edmund to tell the truth that Narnia really
exists in the wardrobe. When she asks that, Edmund tells that Lucy‘s story about a
country in the wardrobe is just for fun, there is nothing in there.
There is a tension between them that can be categorized as a conflict. It
also can be used as an explanation to support Edmund‘s characteristic that is
selfish. Edmund does not tell the truth about Narnia because there is something to
be kept from his siblings. Because of his selfishness, he wants concern with
himself and feels exclusively without regard for other.
From the conflict against the White Witch, the writer can conclude that he
is a selfish person, especially for the authority. He concerns exclusively with
himself without regard for other. It can be seen in this conversation between
Edmund and the White Witch, as follow:
―I‘m come, your Majesty,‖ said Edmund, rushing eagerly forward.
―How dare you come alone?‖ said the Witch in terrible voice. ―Did I not
tell you to bring the other with you?‖
―Please, your Majesty,‖ said Edmund, ―I‘ve done the best I can, I‘ve brought them quite close. They‘re in the little house on top of the dam just
up the river-with Mr. and Mrs. Beaver.‖ (Lewis, 2007:99)
Edmund comes alone to the witch‘s house. He demands the promise about
the Turkish Delight and to be the a King of Narnia. In that conversation between
Edmund and the witch there is a tension can be categorized as a conflict. The
Edmund and the witch because there are two opposing focuses. Those focuses are
Edmund does not bring the siblings and the White Witch wants Edmund to bring
his siblings in order she can destroy them and then she can be the only Queen in
Narnia.
The witch will break the spell by destroy the Son of Adam and Daughters
of Eve by tempting Edmund. The spell that everyone in Narnia knows says that
when Adam‘s flesh and Adam‘s bone sit at the Cair Paravel in throne, the evil
time will be over and done. So, the witch does whatever it takes to prevent her era.
The other focus comes from Edmund that he does not bring his siblings because
his characteristic which is selfish. He wants to be the only King in Narnia.
2. Courageous
At the beginning of the story, Edmund is not a good person. Nevertheless,
after Edmund gets different treatment from the White Witch, not like the first time
he meets her. He changes to be courageous. The White Witch treats him cruelly
because Edmund does not bring the siblings. Until finally, he realizes that the
White Witch is not a nice Queen. He also realizes that he is on the wrong side. He
has already betrayed his sibling for the Turkish Delight and tantalized to be the
King of Narnia. Yet, in fact he never gets what the White Witch promises. After
the long journey with the White Witch, Edmund goes back to his sibling by Aslan.
Then he asks his siblings for forgiveness. As follow:
―Here is your brother,‖ he said, ―and – there is no need to talk to him about
what is past,‖
Edmund shook hands with each other of the others and said to each of
everyone wanted very hard to say something which would make it quite clear that they were all friends with him again- something ordinary and natural – and of course no one could think of anything in the world to say. (Lewis, 2007:139)
From Edmund‘s reaction for forgiveness, it can be said that he is
courageous. To ask forgiveness is not easy, he admits his mistakes and begs for
pardon bravely to his siblings. After that, their relationships are getting better.
Edmund is a courageous person. It also shows when he fights against the
White Witch‘s army, as follow:
There stood Peter and Edmund and the rest of Aslan‘s army fighting
desperately against the crowd of horrible creatures whom she had seen last night, only now, in the daylight, they looked even stranger and more evil and more deformed. There are also seemed to be far more of them. Peter‘s army – which had their backs to her – looked terribly few (Lewis, 2007:175-176).
By fighting against the White Witch‘s army to help Peter and bring Narnia
into Freedom from the evil, Edmund can be said as a hero. He is bravely against
the White Witch that already treats him unkind. Thus, he defeats the White Witch
bravely.
From that narration, the writer knows that there are two focuses that can be
categorized as a conflict. The conflict against society that is Edmund versus the
witch and her army can support the characteristic of Edmund. This conflict takes
place after he gets a bad treatment from the White Witch.
The war happen between Edmund and the White Witch‘s army is fight for
Narnia. Edmund fights for Narnia, he wants the evil time to be over. The White
she will not let her era is over. If her era is over she can not be the Queen of
Narnia.
The conflict, which against the society, can support the idea that he is a
courageous person. He bravely fights many people to fight for the right. He is also
ready to sacrifice his life fighting for freedom, freedom from the evil time that has
been so long rules the Narnia.
―It was all Edmund‗s doing, Aslan,‖ Peter was saying. ―We‘d have been beaten if it hadn‘t been for him. The Witch was turning our troops into
stone right and left. But nothing would stop him. He fought his way through three ogres to where she was just turning one of your leopards into a statue. And when he reached her he had sense to bring his sword smashing down on her wand instead of trying to go for her directly and simply getting made a statue himself for his pains. That was the mistake all the rest were making. Once her wand was broken we began to have chance –if we hadn‘t lost so many already. He was terribly wounded. We must go and see him (Lewis, 2007:178-179).
The quotation above shows that Edmund has changed. He is different now.
He is ready to sacrifice his life in that battle against the Witch. He is terribly
wounded. However, he succeeds defeating the Witch by breaking her wand,
which is the power of her. They win the battle that makes Edmund become a hero
in the battle.
B. Messages as Revealed by the Edmund’s Characteristic and his Conflicts
In the second problem formulation, the writer wants to reveal some
possible messages form the characteristic of Edmund and his conflicts. The
message in this story is indirect, so the writer has to interpret the message. Based
and his conflict that support that characteristic, there is a message found in the
novel.
1. Selfishness brings you in a misery
The message that we can obtain from this story is that selfishness brings
you in a misery. Edmund‘s selfishness that shows when he is greedy, he becomes
a liar, becomes a traitor and when he shows his spiteful attitude. His characteristic
brings him in some conflict and in difficult situation.
Edmund, who is described as a selfish person, takes himself into some
conflicts against his sibling, the White Witch and also himself. Edmund has
already stirred up because his selfishness, he becomes greedy, liar, traitor. His
selfishness brings him into a greedy person because he only concerns with his
advantage or his pleasure especially in food and the authority. He becomes a liar
because he has to keep a secret that he is already meet the witch in order he can be
a King. Then, he becomes a traitor because he gives information to the witch
about where the siblings are and about the Aslan.
From the first time he meets the White Witch in the wood, it can be seen
that Edmund is greedy. The way he tries to finish the Turkish Delight and asks
more, showing his selfish desire to have more of food, as stated below:
At last the Turkish Delight was all finished and Edmund was looking very hard at empty box and wishing that she should ask him whether he would like some more (Lewis, 2007:37-38)
Turkish Delight is used to persuade Edmund to bring his sibling. The
White Witch can give some Turkish Delight and make Edmund to be a King in
―It is lovely place, my house,‖ said the Queen. ―I am sure you would like
it. There are whole rooms full of Turkish Delight, and what‘s more, I have no children of my own. I want a nice boy whom I could bring up as a Prince and who would be a King of Narnia when I am gone. While he was Prince he would wear a gold crown and eat Turkish Delight all day long; and you are much the cleverest and handsome young man I‘ve ever met. I think I would like to make you the Prince-some day, when you bring the
others to visit me.‖(Lewis, 2007:38-39)
Edmund has already stirred up with the witch and he starts to think the
way he tells to his siblings about the witch he met in Narnia. In this situation he
gets a conflict against himself or internal conflict. He is dilemma, he does not
know what will he says to the siblings about Narnia.
But Edmund secretly thought that it would not be as good fun for him as for her. He would have to admit that Lucy had been right, before all the others, and he felt sure the others would all be on the side of Fauns and the animals; but he was already more than a half on the side of the Witch. He did not know what he would say, or how he would keep secret once they were all taking about Narnia (Lewis, 2007:43).
In this part, Edmund shows that his desire to have more of food but also
the authority. From his characteristic that is selfish and his desire to be a King,
there is a message that is present explicitly from the conflict that he faced. In that
quotation, Edmund gets a conflict that makes him in a difficult situation. He does
not know what he will say to his siblings about the witch. If Edmund tells the
truth about Narnia, his sibling will be on the Fauns side and he can not be the
King in that country. Nevertheless, when he keeps secret about the existence of
Narnia, he can be the King there like what the White Witch promises to him and
eat the Turkish Delight.
And Edmund gave a very superior look as if he were far older than Lucy
(there was really only a year‘s difference) and then a little snigger and
said, ―Oh, yes, Lucy and I have been playing-pretending that all her story
about a country in the wardrobe is true. Just for fun, of course. There‘s
nothing there really (Lewis, 2007:45)
To reach his desire to be a King in Narnia, he becomes a liar. Edmund lies
to his sibling because he does not want they know about Narnia. Like what the
witch said that he has kept secret about Narnia and he has already met the White
Witch in order he can be a King there. So, he tells that a country in the wardrobe
is nothing. Telling a lie brings him in a conflict against his siblings. The external
conflict complicates him. This statement that can represent that his selfishness
will complicate him to reach his desire, as follow:
―Look here,‖ said Peter, turning on him savagely, ―shut up! You‘ve been
perfectly beastly to Lu ever since she started this nonsense about the wardrobe, and now you go playing games with her about it and setting her off again. I believe you did it simply out of spite (Lewis, 2007:45).‖
In that quotation, his selfishness brings him in a conflict with his sibling.
By Edmund conflicting with his sibling he cannot bring his sibling to the Witch as
a requirement to be a King and it will stir him up in to other problems.
Edmund goes to Narnia for the second time, but at this time he comes with
his siblings and they do not know about Narnia. He goes to the witch‘s house
alone. There, he gets a bad treatment from the White Witch. can not bring his
sibling with him in her house, as follow:
―Take it away,‖ said Edmund sulkily. ―I don‘t want dry bread.‖ But the
―You may be glad enough of it before you taste bread again,‖ said the
Witch (Lewis, 2007:112).
From the quotation above, Edmund disappoints to the Witch because he is
given dry bread and he cannot get want he want, Turkish Delight. He also gets a
bad treatment from the witch. He is forced to walk with his hand tied and gets a
flick every time he slips.
The dwarf obeyed, and in a few minutes Edmund found himself being forced to walk as fast as he could with his hands tied behind him. He kept on slipping in the slush and the mud and wet grass, and every time he slipped the dwarf gave him a curse and sometimes a flick with the whip.
The Witch walked behind the dwarf and kept on saying, ―Faster!
Faster!‖(Lewis, 2007:119-120)
His selfishness changes him to be a liar and get a conflict with his siblings.
That conflict causes him cannot bring his siblings to the witch as a requirement to
be a King in Narnia. Because Edmund can not bring them, he gets a bad treatment
from the White Witch. That situation describes that his selfishness brings him in a
difficult situation and add him problem.
Edmund found himself being roughly forced to his feet. Then the dwarf set him with his back against a tree and bound him fast.
―prepare the victim,‖ said the Witch. And the dwarf undid Edmund‘s collar and folded back his shirt at the neck. Then he took Edmund‘s hair
and pulled his head back so that he had to raise his chin. After that
his hair is pulled until he raised his chin. The problems that he gets because of his
selfishness are the internal and external conflicts. They are the dilemma what he
will say to his siblings about Narnia, the conflict against his siblings because he
makes his sister down, and the conflict against the White Witch because he can
not bring his siblings as the requirement.
After that moment, Edmund realizes that his characteristic that is selfish
bring him in this situation. His selfishness complicates him to realize his desire.
His selfishness that just concerns with his advantage and his own pleasure drive
him becomes greedy, liar, and also traitor. His relationship with his family also
gets worse because his selfishness that makes him miserable. He has to face some
conflict against his sibling and the witch and also get a bad treatment from the
witch is a misery for him because his selfishness.
2. Brave to Apologize will Fix the Relationship
This story also teach us about apologize and forgive. The message that the
writer get from this story is brave to apologize will fix the relationship.
After he gets bad treatment from the Witch, he realizes that is on the
wrong side. When he realizes it, he meets Aslan and regret what he has to do. The
way he wants to be a King by betrays and lies to his sibling bringing him into a
bad treatment. So now he decided to apologize and go to the right side, on his
Described as a courageous person after he gets bad treatment, bravely he
asks his siblings to apologize and his siblings forgive him and they can forget
about the past and they make peace again.
Edmund shook hands with each other of the others and said to each of
them in turn, ―I‘m sorry,‖ and everyone said, ―That‘s all right.‖ And then everyone wanted very hard to say something which would make it quite clear that they were all friends with him again- something ordinary and natural – and of course no one could think of anything in the world to say. (Lewis, 2007:139)
From that quotation, the writer can see that Edmund already realize what
he has done. So, he apologizes to his siblings for that mistake. He wants to be
released from feeling guilty. His courageous to apologize does not make him
worse. Moreover, his sibling and other people proud because he confesses his
guilty. He bravely ask for apologize to his sibling make their relationship better
and they can get along together.
3. Fight the Obstacles to Achieve the Dream
Edmund who has already realized his mistake, goes to the war between the
Witch and her army. Her armies are the giants and the werewolf and the spirit of
those trees who are in the witch‘s side, the Ghouls, the Boggles, the Ogres, and
the Minotaurs, the Cruels, the Hags, and the Specters. Bravely, he fights against
the witch‘s army to help Peter and bring the freedoms to the Narnians. Narnia is
already under the Witch‘s control too long. Peter and his siblings are trying to
bring them into the freedom by win the war and the evil time in Narnia will be
