ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah SWT, the most gracious and the most merciful whom she would like to express her sincere gratitude, Allah the Almighty who has given her the blessing health, strength and patience in the process of completing this thesis which entitle “Idiom Translation Strategies in English Version of Hirata’s Edensor” as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Magister Humaniora at the Postgraduate of English Applied Linguistics Study Program, State University of Medan. Then, praises are also addressed to our prophet Muhammad SAW who guided us to the better life.
In the completion of this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge her deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to her by a lot of people. The writer would like to express her highest appreciation to Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as her first advisor and Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum as her second advisor, for their generous assistance, guidance, advice, and precious time they spent on supervising and guiding this thesis.
The writer would also like to express her gratitude to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed as the Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have assisted her in processing the administration requirements during the process of her studies in the Postgraduate School of the State University of Medan, and not forget special thanks to the all lecturers of the English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have given their valuable knowledge to her in their lectures.
An un-expressible gratitude to her beloved parents, Ir.H.Rajikan and Dra.Hj. Sri Hayati, who has given their love, prays, patience, motivations and supports in keeping encouraging the writer to finish her study. And also special thanks for her brother and sister, Bayu Pratomo, SST, M.P and Astri Wulandari for their sincere and support, there is no suitable words that can fully describe their everlasting love ad express how much she loves them.
At last, it is honor for her to convey thanks to Angga Pradana, SST who has motivated and supported her. Then, last but not least thanks to her beloved classmates of LTBI A1 XXIV for sharing the joy and pain together, beautiful moments, sweet memory and keep our friendship going, and all of those who supported her in any respect during the completion of this thesis.
Medan, March 2016 The Writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ………. i
ABSTRAK ………...……… ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……….. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……….……… v
LIST OF FIGURES ……….………. viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ………...………. ix
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ……….………..….... 1
1.1 The Background of the Study ……….….……… 1
1.2 The Problems of the Study ……….……….. 6
1.3 The Objectives of the Study ………. 7
1.4 The Scope of the Study ………..…….. 7
1.5 The Significance of the Study ………..…… 7
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURES ………. 9
2.1 Translation ……… 9
2.1.1. Types of Translation ……….…..………...…… 10
2.1.2. Approaches in Translations ………...……. 14
2.1.3. Translations Process …………...………..……….. 15
2.1.4. Form and Meaning in Translations ……… 16
2.2 Idioms ………. 18
2.2.1. Characteristics of Idiom ………...…….………. 20
2.2.2. Types of English Idiom …….…………....…….…….….. 22
2.2.3. Types of Indonesian Idiom ……….…...……… 24
and Form ……….. 27
2.3.2. Translating an Idiom by Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form ……….……….…………... 28
2.3.3. Translation by Paraphrase ……….. 29
2.3.4. Translation by Omission ……… 30
2.4 Context on Translation ………...…. 31
2.4.1. Linguistic Context ……….………. 32
2.4.2. Paralinguistic Context ……….... 33
2.4.3. Social Cultural Context ……….. 35
2.4.4. Style Context ……….. 37
2.5 Relevant Studies ……….……….………… 38
2.6 Conceptual Framework ……….……….. 40
CHAPTER III. THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ………. 42
3.1 Research Design ……….………. 42
3.2 The Data and the Source of Data ……….………... 42
3.3 The Instrument of Data Collection ……….………. 43
3.4 The Technique of Data Collection ………....……….. 43
3.5 The Technique of Data Analysis ……….……… 45
3.6 The Trustworthiness of the Study ….……….. 47
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISUSSION ……… 51
4.1 Data Analysis ………...….………….………. 51
4.1.1 Kinds of Idiom Translation Strategies in Edensor Novel into its English Version ……….... 53
4.1.1.1 Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form ……...…. 53
4.1.1.2 Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form ………. 56
4.1.1.3 Paraphrase Strategy ……….. 58
4.1.1.4 Baker’s (2011) Non-Applicable Strategy to the Data (Word for Word Strategy) ……… 60
4.1.2 The Context of Idiom Translation Strategies were Applied in Edensor Novel into its English Version …..……...…….……… 62
4.1.2.1 Linguistic Context ……… 63
4.1.2.2 Social Cultural Context ………..…….. 65
4.2 Findings ………..….……… 67
4.3 Discussion …..………....….… 68
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ……… 72
LIST OF FIGURES
[image:11.595.70.528.116.675.2]LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages APPENDIX 1. The Types of Idiom Translation Strategies were found
in Edensor Novel into Its English Version ……….. 77
APPENDIX 2. Similar Meaning and Form ..……… 92
APPENDIX 3. Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form ………...…….. 93
APPENDIX 4. Paraphrase Strategy ………...….. 94
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.The Background of the Study
Translation has become an activity of enormous importance in
recent decades. We live in an increasingly internationalized world where
ever-growing numbers of individuals are in continuous contact with
foreign cultures and languages both in their professional lives as well as in
more informal contexts, usually via mass media. The more
internationalized the world become, the greater the importance of
translation and qualified translators also grows.
Since translation has become increasingly important on both
national and global level, it is definitely a subject worth a closer study.
Obviously, there is a wide range of topics which could be investigated in
terms of translational aspects. The present study focuses on the translation
of one of the most fascinating and innovative aspects of language: idioms.
Idiom is a combination of words that has a meaning that is
different from the meanings of the individual words themselves (Larson,
1984:3). When used in everyday language, they have a meaning other than
the basic one you would find in the dictionary. Every language has its own
idioms which develop according to the culture of the source language.
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they are the part of communication. Idioms are expressions of “at least two
words which can’t be understood literally and which function as a unit
semantically” (Beekman and Callow 1974 quoted in Larson 1984).
Different with other kind of phrases, idioms need certain strategy
to translate them, since idiom is a number of words which, when taken
together have different meaning from the individual meaning of each word
(Seidl and McMordie, 1988:13). Some idioms have metaphor feeling in it.
Beside of having metaphor feeling in it, idioms also can be
different from one country to another. It happens because the differences
of culture between the SL area and the TL area. Culture plays an important
role in the course of the idiom interpretation. Only by having a solid
foundation of the culture of the target language, the translator can catch the
implied meaning. Therefore, sometimes there are idioms from the SL
which do not have any equal idioms in the TL.
In the study of idiom translation strategies, there are numerous
studies that have described and raised many issues on the different
strategies in their way in translating idioms. Motallebzadeh and Tousi
(2011) analyze Persian translation of Mark Twain's Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn. The result shows that in most cases the translators had translated the SL idioms into TL non-idioms.
An MA thesis by Mustonen (2010) investigated the types of
strategies a translator uses to translate English idioms into Finnish. The
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translation. It was found that the translator of the English novel used two
main strategies: translating an idiom with an idiom and translating an
idiom with a non-idiom. The researcher found that the preferred strategy
used by the translator was translating the source text idiom with a
non-target text idiomatic term.
Furthermore, a study by Strakšienė (2009) discussed the strategies
of translating idioms and highlighted the difficulties that translators face
when translating idioms from English into Lithuanian. The research has
shown that translation strategies used are paraphrasing, idiom with the
similar meaning and form, idiom with the similar meaning but dissimilar
form and omission. To examine strategies of translating idioms, the
researcher used two books by Agatha Christie, analyzing each novel
separately to compare the translation of idioms into Lithuanian. The study
showed that the Lithuanian language lacks equivalent idioms from those
found in the two English books. It was concluded that the strategy of
paraphrase was the most preferred one in translating idioms from English
into Lithuanian to address the problem of non-equivalence.
From the research findings of some studies above, we can see that
idioms from different languages are translated by using different strategies
to be held the equivalence of meaning constant and understandable to the
reader. Analyzing the opposite, the researcher would analyze the idioms
translation strategies from Indonesian idiom into English. The researcher
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found when translating Indonesian idioms into English. The idioms
translation of Andrea Hirata’s novel, Edensor, which was translated into English with the same title Edensor, wasanalyzed.
A large number of novels have been published in Indonesia in
every genre. Spreading Indonesian novels abroad can be an effective
means to introduce the culture and values of Indonesia. Unfortunately,
only a few Indonesian novels or other literary works arepublished in other
countries in this era, and Andrea Hirata’s novel Edensor is one of the works published abroad. Edensor is the third novel of the Laskar Pelangi (The Rainbow Troops) quartet written by Andrea Hirata. This novel becomes best selling in Indonesia andhas been translated into English and
some languages. It brought Andrea Hirata to achieve awards in some
events, such as the winner of General Fiction New York Book Festival
2013 in USA and the winner of Buchawards 2013 in Germany. In line
with this phenomenon, there are some studies that conduct researches
about Edensor. Permatasari (2014) analyzed the translation shift of verbs and verb phrases in Edensor novel. Sheconcluded that there are two shifts of translation found in her research namely category shift and level shift.
Susanti (2012) analyzed the moral values in Edensor novel. Moral values that found in the novel as never give up, nationalism, empathy to each
others, strength of heart, optimism and thinking positively, believe in God,
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However, as far as the researcher knows, the idiom of the novel has
not been studied earlier. This novel contains extremely colorful language
and plenty of idioms, metaphors and other figurative expressions, which
makes it an ideal piece of literature for investigating Indonesian idiomatic
expressions as well as their English translations. After read the novel, the
researcher found that there are some Indonesian idioms that translated
without using the translation strategies that had been proposed by Mona
Baker. Some data below:
1. SL : Aku tak merasa pulang dengan tangan hampa
(Edensor original version, page 264 line 19) TL : I didn’t feel like I had come back empty handed
(Edensor English version, page 223 line 17) Based on Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia, tangan hampa means
tidak mendapat apa-apa (get nothing). In this context, tangan hampa is translated into empty handed. It can be seen that the translator rendered the meaning of the SL idiomatic expression into
a non-idiomatic one. The noun tangan is translated into its English matching noun hand, and also the same case with adjective hampa is translated become adjective empty. Thus, the idiom was rendered easily by the translator word for word as empty handed.
2. SL : Matanya berkaca-kaca
(Edensor original version, page 225, line 1) TL : His eyes went glassy
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Based on Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia, berkaca-kaca means
mata berlinang karena dilanda rasa haru (the emotion in the eye). The basic word of berkaca-kaca is kaca. In Bahasa Indonesia, kaca means glass. Regarding the translation of the idiom to glassy it can be seen that the translator rendered the meaning of the SL
idiomatic expression into a non-idiomatic one. The adverb
berkaca-kaca is translated into its matching English adverb glassy. Thus, the idiom was rendered easily by translator word for word as
glassy.
Those facts indicate there is another strategy used by the translator
when translating Indonesian idiom into English besides using similar
meaning and form, using similar meaning but dissimilar form, translation
by paraphrase and translation by omission. This phenomenon is interesting
to be explored more deeply how idiomatic expressions which enrich
meaning translated from SL into TL in Edensor novel and the translation strategies that used by the translator when translating idioms in the
Edensor novel into its English version.
1.2. The Problems of the Study
In line with the phenomenon above, the problems of the study are
formulated as in the following:
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2. In what context the strategies are applied in translating Indonesian
idioms in Edensor novel into its English version?
1.3. The Objectives of the Study
Based on the research problems formulated above, this study has
some objectives as follow:
1. To describe the types of idiom translation strategies in Edensor novel
2. To describe the context of idiom translation strategies are applied
in Edensor novel
1.4. The Scope of the Study
This research focused on idiom translation strategies found in
Edensor novel and its English translation in Edensor novel English version. The researcher used idiom translation strategies theory proposed
by Mona Baker.
1.5. The Significance of the Study
This research is expected to have both theoretical and practical
significance for the readers, English teachers and also English student.
Theoretically, the findings of this research are expected to be useful as a
means deploying and supporting the theories presented in the study of
8
research can hopefully spur for the holding of research deeper for further
research. Practically, this research can be used as an illustration, reference,
a source of understanding and study of the translation strategies and
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions
Having analyzed the data, conclusions of this study are drawn as
the following:
1) Four types of idiom translation strategies were found, namely using
an idiom of similar meaning and form, using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, translating an idiom by paraphrase and translating idiom by word for word.
2) The linguistic context and cultural context were applied in
translating Indonesian idioms in Edensor novel into its English version. The context of prose translation not only preserves the
meaning but also the sense of language, stylistic needs and to make
his transmitted message effective and convey the same impression
of the SL. The existing cultural context in a novel in the source
language is acceptable in the target language. Even though the
product of translation changes the structural of grammar, the
meaning, characteristic and style of language contained in the
source language (SL) is still equivalent.
5.2. Suggestions
This study has investigated some types of idioms, the strategies
73
version and the context were applied in the idiom translation strategies.
Based on the conclusions stated above, this study has some suggestions to
the readers as provided in the following items:
1) The word for word strategy can be added as the part of idiom translation strategies’ theory.
2) The findings of this work are tentative and may not be considered
effective for non-literary texts. In this literary text research was found
that linguistic context and social cultural context were applied. Further
studies on the translation of culture-bound idioms in various text types
such as social, religious, and political texts (non-literary text ) should
be carried out because it is possible to find out another context beside
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