RINGKASAN
Syarifa Mayly Boelian Dachban. Respons Pertumbuhan Progeny Kelapa
sawit (Elaels quineensis Jacq) PadaBeberapaLeveiPemupukan dan Janis
Media Tanam. Dibawah bimbingan Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Abu Dardak, MSc
selaku ketua, Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. T.M. Hanafiah Oelim, MS.DAA dan Bapak
Dr. Sutarman, MSc selaku anggota,
Dafam upaya mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi optimal dari
tanaman ketapa sawit perlu dilakukan pemilihan bibit tanaman yang dapat
menghasilkan oertumbuhan dan oroduksi secara genetik vang sesuai dengan
kondisi iklim dan jenis tanah
serta penggunaan praktek budidaya
yang
mengoptimumkan level input hara tanaman.
Penelitian ini bertuiuan untuk (1) menentukan kualitas oenamoilan bibit
kelapa sawit pada tingkat kecukupan hara yang berbeda, (2) menguji pengaruh
perbedaan media pembibitan terhadap kualitas penampilan bibit kelapa sawit,
(3) menguji kualitas penampilan bibit dan berbagai macam progeny kelapa sawit
dan, (4) mengkaji pengaruh interaksi 2 faktor dan 3 faktor terhadap kualitas
oenamoilan bibit kelaoa sawit.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bah Lias Research Centre Perdagangan
dengan menggunakan rancangan lingkungan Acak kelompok dengan 6 ulangan
dan Rancangan oercobaan Split solit Plot Design. Petak utama adalah Perlakuan
pemupukan (F) terdiri dan 3
tarat
yaitu Z= Tanpa Pemupukan, N= Pemupukan %
Standar, D = Pemupukan Standar Bah Lias Research Centre Perdagangan.
Anak petak adalah Jenis Media Tanam (T) terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu PT= Tanah
Gambut yang berasal dari Kecamatan Kuala Hulu Kabupaten Labuhan Batu, SS
= Tanah Toosoil
(50) :
Pasir
(50)
dan. SO = Tanah Toosoil. Anak-anak Petak
yaitu Progeny Kelapa Sawit (P) yang terdiri dan 21 Progeny. Peubah yang
diamati adalah peubah vegetatif tanaman yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun,
diameter batang. oetiole cross section. dan indikator fisiolocis tanaman vaitu
jumlah klorofil pada daun, persentase seleksi bibit sehat, Kadar N,P,K,Ca,Mg
daun.
Kualitas
keunggulan
bibit
kelapasawitditet"pkanberturut-tllfllt
berdasarkan kelompok tertinggi dalam peubah vegetatif yang paling banyak
menyisihkan perfakuan kombinasi yang dikalahkannya.
Berdasarkan analisa secara statistik terhadap peubah vegetatif tanaman
menunjukkan pengaruh masing-masing faktor tunggal tarat pemupukan, jenis
media tanam, macam progeny serta seluruh interaksi baik dan dua faktor
maupun tiga faktor secara konsisten menunjukkan pengaruh yang sangat nyata
terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan petiole cross section
pada umur 10 bulan setelah tanam. Kualitas penampilan bibit ditetapkan dalam 3
peringkat yaitu kualitas 1 (4 kombinasi); kualitas 2 (10 kombinasi); dan kualitas
3(11 kombinasi). Dan pertakuan kombinasi unggulan yaitu progeny F, U, E, D, G,
H,
0,
P,
Q,
R, T pada kombinasi SON dan SOD serta progeny L, N, dan Spada
kombinasi SON. Tidak ada perlakuan unggulan pada kombinasi semua level
pemupukan baik pada media topsoil:pasir dan gam but.
I
Seluruh parameter indikator flsiolocis tanaman tidak beroencarun nvata
,';',-j-,c.uc.p
iiii",aii.Si ;; .aii.tO'
Levei F'emupukan X Jenis i'viedia
Tanam
X
Progeny,
kecuali
oada
media
aarnbut
penqaruh kadar P daun terhadao interaksi
3
faktor
ini sangat nyata. Interaksi dua taktor Level Pemupukan
x Jems
Media tanam
beroenqaruh
sanest nvata
terhadap iumlah klorofil, kadar hara N, K dan
persentase seleksi bibit sehat serta berpengaruh nyata pada parameter kadar
hara P daun dan beroenaaruh tidak nvata terhadao
kadar hara Ca. dan Ma
daun.
Interaksi dua faktor Progeny
x
Level pemupukan berpengaruh nyata
terhadap jumlah klorofil daun dan pada interaksi dua faktor Progeny
x
Jenis
Media
Tanam
berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap
jumlah
klorofil
daun.
Parameter indikator fisioloai lainnva vaitu kadar hara
N.
P.
K.
Ca dan Mg serta
persentase seleksi bibit sehat tidak berpengaruh nyata pada interaksi dua faktor
progeny dengan level pemupukan dan jenis media tanam.
Dari hasil oenelitian
vano
telah dilakukan daoat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa
jenis media
tanam,
level
pemupukan,
progeny dan seluruh
interaksinya
mempengaruhi kualitas penampilan bibit tanaman kelapa sawit dengan sangat
nyata.
Peubah vegetatif tanaman yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter
batang, petiole cross section pada umur
10
bulan setelah tanam menentukan
peringkat kualitas penampilan bibit yaitu perlakuan kombinasi FSON. FSOD.
USON, dan USOD ditetapkan sebagai peringkat kualitas nomor
1.
Perlakuan
kombinasi DSON, GSON, LSON, QSON, RSON, TSON, GSOD, QSOD, RSOD
dan TSOD ditetapkan sebagai peringkat kualitas nomor
2.
Perlakuan kombinasi
ESON, HSON, NSON, OSON, PSON, SSON, DSOD, ESOD, HSOD, OSOD,
PSOD ditetapkan sebagai peringkat nomor
3.
Dan seluruh perlakuan kombinasi
dengan media tumbuh tanah gam but
atau media topsoil : pasir termasuk
peringkat yang masih diduga banyak masalahnya yang belum teratasi pada
penelitian ini.
Seluruh parameter indikator fisiologis tanaman berpengaruh tidak nyata
terhadap interaksi 3 taktor Level Pemupukan X Jenis Media Tanam X Progeny.
Indikator fisiologis tanaman berperan mendukung penampilan kualitas bibit
tanaman pada perlakuan unggulan peubah vegetatif dimana untuk
masing-masing indikator tersebut menunjukkan angka yang optimum sampai dengan
tinggl.
11
ABSTRACT
Syarifa Mayly Boelian Dachban. The Growth
ｾｾｳｰ
ｯｮ ｳ
of Oil Palm
(Elaeis
quineensis
Jacq) Progenies to Several
Fertiliser Levels
and
Types of
Media. Under
Consultation with Prof. Dr. Ir. Abu Darda\<, MSc as the
Coordinator,
Prof. Dr.lr.T.M. Nahafiah Oelim, MS,DAA and Dr. Sutarman,
MSc as the members.
In an effort to find an optimal growth and production of oil palm ,
selection of seeds is required
to increasing
genetically growth and
production of oil palm adjusted to the climate and types of soil and even
use of cultivation practice optimalizing the level of nutrient inputs of plant.
The objective of this research is (1) to determine the performance
quality of oil palm seeds in different sufficiency level of nutrients, (2) .to
test the effect of different types of seedling media on the performance quality
of oil palm seeds, (3) to test the performance quality of various oil palm
progenies, and (4) to assess the effect of interaction of two and three factors
on the performance quality of oil palm seeds.
The research was
carried out
at
Bah Lias
Research Centre
Perdagangan using a Group Design with 6 replications and Split-split Plot
Design. The main plot included fertiliser treatment
(F)
consisting of 3 levels
;
Z
=
Without
Fertiliser,
N
=
Half-Standard
Fertiliser,
0
=
Standard
Fertiliser of Bah Lias Research Centre Perdagangan. The subplot included
Types of media
(T)
consisting of 3 levels ; PT
=
Peat from Kuala Hulu
Subregency of Labuhan Batu Regency, SS
=
Soil (50) : Sand (50) and SO
=
Soil. The sub-sub plot included the oil palm Progenies (P) consisting of 21
progenies. The parameters of vegetative growth are height of plant, number
of green frond,
stem bole diameter, petiole cross-section,
and
the
parameter of indicator plant physiology are the total leaf c1orophyl content,
percentage of selected vigour seeds, nutrient levels of N,P,K,Ca, and Mg of
leaf. The prominent quality of oil palm seeds was determined on the base of
the highest group within
vegetative growth parameters that largestly
overcame the combined treatments of the recessive one.
Based on
the
statistical
analysis
for
the vegetative growth
parameter of plant, it showed the effects of each single factor of fertiliser
level, type of media, types of progeny and all the interactions either of the
tw?
or three factors consistently showing the most significantly effect on the
height of plant, number of green frond, stem bole diameter, petiole
cross-section at 10 months after planting. The performance quality of seeds was
determined
in three levels
; quality -1 (4 combinations) , quality-2 (10
combinations),
and
quality-3 ( 11 combinations). And the combined
prominent treatment namely; progeny F, U, E, 0, G, H,O, P,
Q,
R, T on the
combined
SON and SOD and even the progeny of L,N, and S on the
111
combined
SON. There was
nothing
prominent treatment on all the
combined levels of fertiliser either in soil: sand or peat
All the parameters of
physiological
ｩｮ､ｩ｣｡
ｴ ｯ
.of plant
ｨ ｾｾ
no a
significant effect on the interaction of 3 factors of
ｆ
･ ｾ ｬｨ ｾ ･
ｾ ･ ｶ ･･
with Types
of media with Progeny, except of in the peat media
Inｷ ｨｬ ｾ
!he effect of
leaf nutrient level of P on the interaction of 3 factors was very
ｳ ｬｧ ｾ ｬｦｩ｣｡ｮ
ｴ t
Interaction of the two factors. Fertiliser Level with Types of media has a very
significant effect on the clorophyl content, nutrient level.of .N, K, and the
percentage of selected vigour seeds and even
ｨ｡
ｾ
Significant effect on
the parameter nutrient level of P
and
has no Significant effect on the
nutrient level of Ca and Mg.
The interaction of the two factors of Progeny with fertiliser level has
a significant effect on the total leaf clorophyl content and in the interaction
of two factors of progeny with types of media, it has a very significant effect
on the total leaf clorophyl content. The other parameters of physiological
indicator such as the nutrient level of N,P,K, Ca and Mg and even the
percentage of. the selected vigour see
has no significant effect on the
interaction of two factors of progeny with fertiliser level and types of media.
From the
result of research that has bee carried out, it can be
concluded that
the types of media, fertiliser levels, progeny and
the
interactions have a very significant effect on the performance quality of the
oil palm seeds. The parameter of vegetative growth such as; the height of
plant, number of green frond, stem bole diameter, petiole cross-section in 10
months of age after planting
considerably determined
the
rating of
performance quality of seeds,namely : the combined treatments of FSON,
FSOD, USON, and USOD were determined as the first quality rating. The
combined treatments of DSON, GSON, LON, aSON, RSON, TSON, GSOD,
aSOD, RSOD and TSOD were determined as the second quality rating.
The combined treatments of ESON, HSON, NSON, OSON,PSON, SSON,
DSOD, ESOD, HSOD,
0500,
and PSOD were determined as the third
quality rating. And all the combined treatments with' peat or soil : sand
belonged to the lowest quality rating which was supposed that there were
many problems to solve.
All the parameters of physiological indicators of plant have
no
significant effect on the interaction of 3 factors of Fertiliser Level with Type
of media with Progeny. The indicators of plant
have a role to support the
performance quality of seeds on
the prominent treatment of
vegetative
parameters in which each of the indicators showed the optimal and higher
levels.
Key words ; oilpalm, fertilizer level, types of media, progeny, vegetative
growth,
IV
