SPEECH FUNCTIONS AND THEIR REALIZATION IN THE NEWS
STORY TEXT OF DAILY METRO TABAGSEL
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
AHMAD RIPAI RANGKUTY Registration Number: 8136112002
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
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ABSTRACT
AHMAD RIPAI RANGKUTI :Student’s Reg . No. : 8136112002 : “ SPEECH FUNCTIONS AND THEIR REALIZATION IN THE NEWS STORY TEXT OF DAILY METRO TABAGSEL, ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS, PASCASARJANA PROGRAM, STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN, 2016
This study was dealt with saying, doing and being texts in Daily Metro Tabagsel, where in those texts, the journalists use congruent and metaphorical realization of speechfunctioninits
mood,as well as readers’ misinterpretations to the newspaper texts which are predicted as the result of interpreting the realization of speech function and its moods in delivering news or information.The objective of the research is to find the system network of speech function realized in the newspaper of Metro Tobagsel.The research was conducted of saying, doingand being texts found in Daily Metro Tabagsel which waspublished in 1 February After 4February 2016.In analyzing the data, descriptive analysis is used. to draw the realization of
speechfunction to its mood. The data analysis is formulated in some steps as identifying texts
in Daily Metro Tabagsel ;Identifying the saying, doingand being texts in Daily Metro
Tabagsel, breaking all texts (saying, doingand being texts’) into clauses, analyzing all
clauses by using the theory of speech function and moods realization, finding or computing the percentages based on the types of coding, describing the type of realization and finding, reasoning or elaborating why the system network is used in saying, doingand being texts in daily Metro Tabagsel.
The realization of speech functions in mood in the text. The first text, “KPK
BukaKemungkinanPeriksaKembali” speech function has realized in mood which has 50.51%.The types of speech function in both of the speeches are: statement, offer, question, and command. The dominant speech function in the first speech is statement (95.92%) and the second speech is statement (89.80%).The main function of speech is giving, explaining, and clarifying something happens in the society.
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ABSTRAK
AHMAD RIPAI RANGKUTI :Student’s Reg . No. : 8136112002 : “ SPEECH FUNCTIONS AND THEIR REALIZATION IN THE NEWS STORY TEXT OF DAILY METRO TABAGSEL, ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS, PASCASARJANA PROGRAM, STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN, 2016
Studi ini adalah kajian tentang teks pada Koran Metro Tobagsel yang terkait dengan saying teks, being text dan doing text.dalam Harian Metro Tabagsel, dimana dalam teks tersebut wartawan menggunakan metaphoric yang direalisasikan dalam speech function in its mood, serta intepretasi pembaca saat membaca Koran tersebut dalam menyampaikan isi informasi Koran itu. Objectiif dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan system speech function yang direalisasikan dalam Koran Tabagsel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan terhadap ;saying, doingand being text’ yang ditemukan di harian Koran Metro Tabagsel yang dipublikasikan dari 1 February hingga 4 February 2016. Dalam menganalisis data, deskriptif analisis diterapkan untuk menggambarkan realisasi dari speech function terhadap mood. Analisis data diformulasikan dalam beberapa langkahya itu dengan mengiidentifikasi texts dalam Koran Metro Tabagsel ; mengidentifikasi saying, doing and being texts dalam Koran Metro Tabagsel,
memecah semua texts (saying, doing and being texts’) kedalam klausa klausa, menganalisis semua Klausa dengan menggunakan teori speech function dan realisasi mood, menemukan dan menghitung persentase berdasarkan pada jenis - jenis coding, menggambarkan jenis - jenis realisasi dan menemukan alasan mengapa system network digunakan dalam saying,
doing dan being texts dalam harian Metro Tabagsel.
Realisasi speech functions dalam mood pada teks ditemukan ; Teks pertama “KPK Buka
Kemungkinan Periksa Kembali” speech function telah direlasikan dalam mood yang memiliki 50.51%. Jenis speech function yang ditemukan dalam teks tersebut adalah statement, offer, question, and command.Speech function yang dominan adalah statement (95.92%) and the second speech is explaining (89.80%). The main function of speech is giving, explaining, and clarifying something happens in the society.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the Name of Allah, most gracious, most merciful. I am willing to present my thanks for everyone who has helped me, especially in this thesis. Alhamdulillah, all of honors are just Allah Azza Wajalla, the almighty and Sholawat and Salam to Prophet Muhammad SAW.
Then I want to express my sincere thanks to :
My beloved parents Syamsl Rizal Rangkuti and Masliana Harahap. Thank you so much for your pray affection, advices, guidance, instruction and help in all my life, yor love is beyond and words. My Lovely wife Tirama Damala Sari S.Kom wich provides support and prayer to me. My big brother Mhd. Abdi Rangkuti and His Wife Sumaning, My Big sister Rina Septi Melinda Rangkuti and Her Husband Munawar Harahap, My Little Sister Gustina Khairina Rangkuti and Her Husband Zuulfikar Siregar and My Little Brother Henra Rizky Rangkuti may Allah SWT does ever safeguard.
The head of english Applied Lingustic, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed, secretary of the head of english applied Linguistic, Dr. Anni Kholila Pulungan, M.Hum. My first Advisor, Prof. Amrin Saaragih M.A Ph.D and second Advisor, Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd for his valuable guidance, encoragement, patient, correlation, advice, and suggestion which are very helpful in finishing this thesis. Then, you very much for your time to share your great knowledge and great experiences to me. The reviewers, Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph. D, Proff. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Dr. Anni Kholila Pulungan, M.Hum that has given me suggestions and comment to make my thesis more better.
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Special thanks to my beloved friends B-3 CLASS 2013. Thanks to my close friend organization community. Whose have given me a cheerful and joyful world and beautiful
togetherness; I’ll never forget our happiness and sadness when we were together in
secretariat.
The last, this thesis is far from being perfect, but it is expected that this thesis will be useful not only for the researcher, but also the readers. For this reason, construstive thought full suggestion and critics are well come to make this better.
Finally, may allah SWT receive all their works and kidneses. Amin
Medan, May 2016
The Writter
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Pages
TABLE OF CONTENT ... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... v
ABSTRACT ... vii
ABSTRAK ... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study ... 1
1.2 The Problems of the Study ... 5
1.3 The objectives of the Study ... 5
1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 5
1.5 The Significances of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER I I REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Speech Function and Mood ... 8
2.2 Congruent Coding in Speech Function and Mood ... 13
2.3 Metaphor Coding in Speech Function and Mood ... 14
2.4 Newspaper as a Genre ... 15
2.5 Saying Text ... 16
2.6 Doing Text ... 18
2.7 Being Text ... 21
2.8 Relevant Studiest ... 23
vi CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ... 26
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 27
3.3 The Techniques of Collecting Data... 28
3.4 The Techniques of Analyzing Data... 28
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Research Findings ... 30
4.1.1 Realization of Speech Function in Mood ... 30
4.1.2 Realization in Mood ... 56
4.1.3 Dominant of Speech Function ... 57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 60
5.2 Suggestions ... 61
REFERENCES ... 63
LIST OF APPENDIX APPENDIX I ... 67
APPENDIX II ... 69
APPENDIX III ... 71
APPENDIX IV ... 72
APPENDIX V ... 75
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1. Speech Function ... 9
Table 2. Mood and its Coding ... 12
Table 1.16 List of Statement in the Text ... 31
Table 1.17 Initiating of Statement ... 35
Table 1.18 List of Statement ... 36
Table 1.19 Initiating of Statement ... 41
Table 1.20 List of Statement in the Text ... 42
Table 1.21 Initiating of Statement ... 48
Table 1.22 Initiating of Command I ... 49
Table 1.23 Initiating of Command II ... 50
Table 1.24 Initiating of Question I ... 51
Table 1.25 Initiating of Question II... 52
Table 1.26 Initiating of Offer ... 53
Table 1.27 Mood in Clause I ... 54
Table 1.28 Mood in Clause II ... 55
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. The Derivations of Speech Function ... 10
Figure 2. Realization of Speech Function in mood ... 11
Figure 3.Linear and Circular Genre ... 16
Figure 4. Generic Structure of Saying Text ... 17
Figure 5.Generic Structure of Doing Text ... 19
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1The Background of the Study
Newspaper is not a new thing to society, it is one of the oldest mass medium. Everybody knows newspaper. Every day, people read it. it proves that newspaper has maintained its existence in society. Nowadays, newspaper can be found in government or private offices, school or even at traditional coffee shop. It is easy to find. It is anusual view seeing people reading newspaper everywhere, or bringing it wherever they go. It indicates that newspaper is receivable at society. Newspaper readers cover the whole stage of ages as long as the reader can read. Even though some of newspapers news are oriented to the certain readers.
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completely by himself or herself. Either in prosperity or misery, sadness or happiness someone needs others to fulfill his or her needs. When someone is hungry, s/he needs someone else to provide him or her for food. When you are ill, you need someone to cure you. Similarly, in wider scope in our modern times no country can completely fulfill its needs and interests by itself and this situation compels all states or nations to establish international organizations such as the UN, NATO, ASEAN and many other international societies. Thirdly, among the living creatures only human beings are destined (by God) to store information and pass the information from one human being to others and pass it on from one generation to the next generations. The capacity and ability of human beings to store and convey or deliver information has resulted in tremendous human civilizations and cultures.
The existence of newspaper is very useful to the society. It becomes as sharing knowledge or information medium. Many recent information are found in newspaper, it is because newspaper updated and printed everyday. It becomes as an important source of information for society, either at village or city, beside it is cheap and easy to find. Newspaper gives recent information about local, national or international news. This situation makes government also shares information to the society through newspaper.It makes newspaper as one of the trusted information in society. Politics, education, advertisement, entertainment, sport, literary, literature, or even about health are presented in newspaper. It helps society to access the information that they needs.
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Actually it is not a big deal, because contain of the information is same, the different only about the medium of presenting, one is in paper and another is posted in internet or blogging. It is because the competition of newspaper publisher is about the diction of words in news text. More interesting is more popular or more demanded by the newspapers readers. It makes newspaper publisher has a competition in selecting words in presenting news.
The large numbers of newspaper publisher in Indonesia result a competition. The competition itself affects to the way of delivering information. They believe that
language diction can attract the readers’ interest higher. The diversity of language
used can lead to the readers’ misinterpretation. It leads to the different view about text
purpose. And it is the result of language choice phenomena in the text It can be influenced by the realization of purpose by the mood chosen in different ways.. It means that the different interpretation of speech function based on the mood realization affect to the different understanding to the same text in newspaper.
Readers’ misinterpretations to the newspaper texts are predicted as the result
of misinterpret the realization of speech function and its moods in delivering news or information. It is because, the realization of speech functions results two types, they are congruent and metaphor. As Saragih states that when a speech function is not coded by its mood it is called as metaphor. The metaphor coding in text deals with the
readers’ perspective. It goes to misunderstanding when the readers’ perspective out of
the realization of speech function and mood.
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field of information in one edition of a newspaper every day. But, when it is justified to the genre, a newspaper has three type of text, they are saying, doing and being texts (Saragih, 2014). The three types of text have own social function, generic structure and lexicogramatical features. And furthermore, Saragih states that the three types of texts have circular genre, where it refers to the contain of the text, not the arrangement of the text.
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1.2The Problems of the Study
1. What are system networks of speech function in news story texts of the daily Metro Tabagsel?
2. How are the system networks realized in the news story texts of the daily Metro Tabagsel?
3. What is the dominant of speech in the news story texts of the daily Metro Tabagsel ?
1.3The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are;
(1)Tofindthe system network of speech function in the news story text of daily Metro Tabagsel.
(2)to investigate the system network of speech function in the news story texts of daily Metro Tabagsel, and
(3)toknow the dominant of speech function in news story texts.
1.4The Scope of the Study
This study deals with saying, doing and being texts in Daily Metro Tabagsel, where in those texts, the journalists use congruent and metaphorical realization of
speechfunctioninits mood. This study is also restricted to cover three points; they
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1.5The Significance of the Study
It is expected the findings relevant and useful theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the findings of the study are expected to justify the use of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theories, speech function and its mood in interpersonal function of metafunction are applicable to newspaper texts which are used in to other disciplines such as language communication. Practically, the findings of this study are expected to be useful for.
1. The society as the consumers of information from newspaper. The society are expected not to be trapped by the coding pattern of language use, congruent and metaphorical coding that can lead to the misinterpretation
2. The newspaper publisher as the delivers of information. It is hoped the newspaper publisher to be more selective in selecting the language used, in this
context, “moods” of the speech function to avoid of misunderstanding of
delivered information.
3. To the government, especially in information department. It is hoped to
monitor the language used, in this context “moods’ of newspaper next in order
to meet the society information needs.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing the data conclusions are drawn as the following.
(1) The realization of speech functions in mood in the text. The first text, “KPK
Buka Kemungkinan Periksa Kembali” speech function has realized in mood which has 50.51%. Four types of speech function has realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has realized in declarative which has 56.29%. Command has realized in imperative which has 8.70%. Offer has realized in mood which has 50%. Question has realized in interrogative which has 50%. The second text, speech function has realized in mood which has 44.90%. Four types of speech function has realized in three kinds of mood. Statement has realized in declarative which has 54.32%. Command has realized in imperative which has 18.18%. Offer has realized in mood which has 50%. Question has realized in interrogative which has 0%. Speech function has realized in mood by elaboration in the Table 1.2: elaboration realization of speech function in mood.
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condition has got well. The second speech, the issue is about public which was talking about the text. This research has found that the text is almost using statement in the sentence which is to help the speaker to inform the people about the problem or the issue. The sentence of the texts should be clear because it can make different interpretation if the speech is not clear. The main function of speech is giving, explaining, and clarifying something happens in the society.
(3) The four speech functions in initiating are realized as follows: statement realized by declarative Mood, question realized by interrogative Mood, and command realized by imperative Mood. The researcher concludes that speech function refers to the verb in the sentence. It categorizes in the semantics term. Semantics term has realized in the lexicogrammar. Every sentence has realized in the speech function, and also speech function in semantics has realized in mood system in lexicogrammar. The conclusion is text as the object of the study which realizes in the speech function and mood. It could be dominant using of speech function. So that is the reason why speech function is the dominant using in the speech.
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are stated as the following.
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(2) It is recommended to the lecturer hoped to give the attention by studying about the speech in the class. It can help the students to make the speech which is not long-winded speech.
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