TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN TWO EDITORIAL TEXTS OF THE JAKARTA POST
A THESIS
BY
DEVI FIVILIANA REG. NO. 100705101
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN TWO EDITORIAL TEXTS OF THE JAKARTA POST
A THESIS BY
DEVI FIVILIANA REG. NO. 100705101
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A. Ph.D
NIP. 19540916 198003 2 003 NIP. 19590419 198102 2 001 Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum.
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Friday July 18th, 2014
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
NIP.19511013 197603 1 001 Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ………..
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M. A. Ph. D ………..
Prof. Hj. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D ………..
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP ………..
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I AM DEVI FIVILIANA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXPECT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PPERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : DEVI FIVILIANA
TITLE OF THESIS : TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN TWO EDITORIAL TEXTS OF JAKARTA POST
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVALIABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Jesus Christ for blessing and giving me His mercy, health, opportunity, and ability from the time I started writing this paper until I was able to complete it.
I would like to thank to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, and the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and the Secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D for giving all facilities and opportunities in completing this thesis. A great thanks is dedicated to my best supervisor, Prof. Hj. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A , Ph.D and my Co-Supervisor, Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum. for their willingness to share time and patience in guiding and correcting and supervising this thesis. Also thank to all staff in English Department and Faculty of Cultural Studies for helping me in administration especially bang Mistam.
My highest appreciation and greatest attitude to my beloved parents is
dedicated to my beloved parents, my father, Sonak Beresman Repinson Marjahan Marpaung and my mother, Suwarni, my beloved Uda, Darman Marpaung, my inanguda, Maria Sihite, my namboru, Bou Danniel, Bou Kristian, Bou Dorminta, Bou Mindo, Bou Melly, Bou Nelly, Bou Grace, my bude, Ende Lastri, Ende Lampung, who have given me supports of mental or material, advices, cares, and always pray for me in order to get my best. To my beloved sister, Silvi Serawati Marpaung, Rahel Hariaty, Hesekiel Marpaung, Della, Nissi, Anri, Abigail and my beloved cousin, Gracia Anastasya thanks for your motivations, support, and cares that you have given me during my study. My specially thank is dedicated to my beloved friend, Hendri Puji Kristiawan.
In this occasion, I would like thank to my best friends from English Department 2010 Uli Simanungkalit, Elhainun Situmeang, Nazlia, Mitha, Hariadi Saputra, Denny, Wina, Ayu Imelda and the others friend from class A and B that could not be mentioned one by one, on the attention and support to me, thank for all of you.
really really fussy, Petrus Suryo Kuncoro, Liwan Sihite and my junior, Anastasia Bernadette thank you for your kindness and attention.
The special thank is dedicated to my beloved room-mate, Stephanie M. Yohanna Siallagan and thank to my beloved friends of ASPUTUS (Asrama Putri USU), my sisters, Kak Lindrayana Manik, Kak Nearly Gultom, Kak Dina Silalahi, kak Betty Manurung, Kak Anne Irene Lase, Kak eirene Napitupulu, Kak Feni Sihite, Kak Monica Kaban, Kak Repi Limbong, Kak Cory Sihombing, Kak Shinta Agnesia, Kak Delvina Sinaga, my beloved friends, Rani P. Tambunan, Romian T. Rumapea, Pesta Ria Hutahaean, Nita Silitonga, Ivo Novita Silalahi, Sastri Tambunan, Bernadetta Simbolon, Ocha (Geby Napitupulu). Last but not least, I would like to thank to all commitee of “Christmas Celebration Faculty of Cultural Studies 2013” especially the head of the committee, Debora Pakhpahan, Graciella Dominica Purba (emak), Angel Panjaitan (cici cina), Dona Karokaro, Friztian, Materaikan Laoli, Cinio Sinaga, Niel Maruli, David, Hormat Sihotang, Ucup, Joko.
For all of member LPMI (Lembaga Pelayanan Mahasiswa Indonesia), especially for Kak Eka Manao, Kak Roro, Kak Rika, Bang Alpen, Bang Iyut, bang Honda, Bang Jonry, Ranto, Devis, Wahyu, Imelda, and my Nias mission trip team, Maslan Sinaga, Anta Dika, Dian, Kak Dina.
Finally, I realized that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Therefore, any constructive criticisms and advices are highly appreciated.
May God bless us.
Medan, July 2014 The writer,
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vii
ABSTRAK ... ix
ABSTRACT ... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ……….… 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ………... 5
1.3 Objective of the Study ………. 5
1.4 Scope of the Study ………... 5
1.5 Significance of the Study ………... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theoritical Frame Work ... 6
2.1.1 An Overview of Discource Analysis ... 6
2.1.3 Metafuction of Language ... 9
2.2. Transitivity ... 11
2.2.1. Circumtances ... 12
2.2.2 Processes ... 14
2.3 Relevant Studies ... 25
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Approach ... 27
3.2 Data and Source of Data ... 28
3.3 Collecting Data... 29
3.4 Data Analysis Technique ... 29
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Analysis ... 33
4.1.1 Material Processes ... 33
4.1.2 Mental Processes ... 34
4.1.3 Verbal Processes ... 35
4.1.4 Relational Processes ... 36
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion... ... 47
5.2 Suggestion ………. 48
REFERENCES …...………. 49
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the Study
Everybody needs information. We can get infromation easily in the short time and directly from the other city and country. We can get an information from mass media. Mass media are media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience. Mass media are separated into three kinds, they are: Broadcast media such as radio, television, and recorded music, Print media such as newspaper, magazine, and book, and Internet media such as e-mail, website, and blogs. Newspaper is the object of this analysis. In Indonesia, there are so many kinds of newspaper like Sinar Indonesia Baru, Seputar Indonesia (SINDO), Kompas, Jakarta Post, Times etc, and the writer chooses Jakarta Post as a data in her research for the analysis.
Jakarta Post is one of the best newspapers in Indonesia which use English. Many information is provided by the Jakarta Post such as headline, opinion, national, business, Jakarta and paper edition, however, it lacks of a news about around the World, Sport, Archipelago, Editorial, Lifestyle, etc. In this thesis, two articles of editorial are used as data for analysis that found in Jakarta Post. Editorial is a special page dedicated to the writer for giving opinion. However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial in the
experiences, feeling, and information. Newspaper consists of texts. The texts are combination of the range of words, sentences which have a meaning. Halliday (1985: xvii) says, “A text is a semantic unit, not a grammatical one. But meanings are realized through wordings; and without a theory of wording—that is, a grammar—there is no way of making explicit one’s interpretation of the meaning of a text.” Sentences and words are not so sharply set off one another; they are no different in kind—both are units in the grammar. Language is kind of Linguistics. How language is put together and how it works are systemized in grammar or rules for forming words and making sentences. Through grammar of a language someone understands how text work and the structure of sentences.
Furthermore, Halliday (1985: xiv) views a language is interpreted as a system of meanings, accompanied by forms through which the meanings can be realized. Language consist of three levels, they are : Phonology (talking about the sound of language), Lexicogrammatical (talking about the construction of making sentences) and discourse (talking about the unity of clause to imagine the meaning).
Language of text has three functions or it is called as metafunction of language (Gerot & Wignell, 1994: 12), they are: Ideational Function, Interpersonal Function, and Textual Function.
From Textual Function view, it is explained that text is as a system organizes messages in unified manner so that chunks of massages fit logically with others around them and with the wider context in which the talking or writing takes place. That realized by Theme System of Language.
In ideational function, text is used to talk about our experience, to describe, states and the entities involved. Language serves as a coding system which deals with the relation between man and nature. The Ideational function consists of logical and experiential function. The experiential function is realized by the transitivity system. Transitivity is normally understood as the grammatical feature which indicates if a verb takes a direct object.
In relation to this research, the analysis of the editorials uses the system of transitivity covering the Process, Participants and Circumstances. With different participant types for different process types will be found in the two articles of editorial that taken from the Jakarta Post newspaper. In the concept of transitivity found in Halliday’s Introduction of Functional Grammar, The Process consist of Material Processes (Processes of doing); Mental Processes (processes of sensing); Verbal Processes (processes of saying); Behavioural Processes (processes of physiological and psychological behaviour); Existential Processes (represents that something exist and happen). The participants are directly involved in the process such as who does says, is, exists, behaves or senses. Participants are also centrally involved in the process by being affected by it, the one that is done to, sensed, etc. While circumstances are typical adjuncts. They answer such questions as when, where, why, how, how many and as what.
transitivity system because the elements of transitivity can held a clauses. As we known that Transitivity is analysed at clause level.
Text is a range of clauses. Every clause has message for the readers. As it is known that text is semantic unit which has a massage in every clause. Through processes, participants and circumstances of clauses someone understands how text work and the structure of sentences. Processes, participants and circumstance try to get the meaning or message of the text to deliver the readers in the editorial texts of Jakarta Post as a source. Every element of transitivity has different function. Processes have function that tell us about the activity of the participant in clauses. Processes are center of transitivity. Processes are realized by verbs to show the activity and to know what the participants doing of the clauses, such as: doing, sensing, physiological and psycological behaviour, saying, being and having. The processes also can hepl us to get the message or meaning in every clause around abuot the activies of participants. But not all of the clause have a processes. In minor clause has not a processes, such as: “Hi! Good afternoon! (greeting), oh, So high! (exclamations).”
Participants and Circumstances are incumbent upon the doings, happening, feeling and beings. Participants follow the Processes of the clause. In every Processes have different participants. The function of Participants is to know who doing the activities in the clause.
1.2Problem of The Study
1. What types of transitivity system are found in two editorial texts?
2. What is the most dominant type of process, participant and circumstance used in the two editorial text of Jakarta Post?
1.3Objective of the Study
The objectives of this thesis are:
1. To analyse the transitivity processes, participants and circumstances that found in two editorial article of Jakarta Post.
2. To describe the most dominant type of process that used in the two editorial texts of Jakarta Post relation to the finding of experiential.
1.4Scope of Study
This thesis is only concerned with the Ideational function. In the ideational function there is a function which is called experiential. Experiential is realized by transitivity process. Transitivity system is a presentation of meaning in a clause. The analysis is focused on the transitivity process which consists of Processes: Material Process, Mental Process, Verbal Process, Relational Process, Behavioral Process,
and Existential Process; Participants and Circumstances: Time (tells when and is probed by when? How often? How long? ), Place (tells where and is probed by
where? How far? ), Manner (tells how about means, quality, and comparison),
Cause (tells why about reason, purpose, and behalf), Accompaniment (tells with
probed by as what?) and Matter (tells about what or with reference to what and is probed by what about?) found in two editorial articles of Jakarta Post.
1.5Significance of the Study
The significances which will be expected from this thesis are as follows: 1. To give information about the structure of the text of the editorials
2. To give information about the process, participants and circumstances of experiential realized transitivity process such as : Proses : Material Process, Mental Process, Relational Process, Verbal Process, Behavioral Process and Existential Process.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1Theoretical Frame work
2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis studies language in context.The scope of discourse analysis is wide because discourse analyzes units of languages not only in text but also in spoken for example speech, interview, conversation, etc. We as listeners and readers try to understand every single meaning of the word. In reaching these, the speaker or the writer will try to find the best way in choosing words to link them each other so that the reader or the listener easy to understand.
Discourse analysis deals with everything that has something to do with a set of language or communication activities, either inthe form of spoken or written text. Concerning with discourse, there are many writers who define about discourse.
2.1.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics
meanings that operate in various semiotic levels and dimensions. The ‘L’ for ‘Linguistics’ implies that the theory derives from a discipline called “Linguistics”. It is a language-based on theory which is used to investigate the phenomena of language.
SFLT can be used for analyzing text as a form of discourse. The aim has been to construct a grammar for purposes of text analysis : one that would make it possible to say sensible and useful things about any text, spoken and written in modern English. The text that is analyzed, including literary, ethnographic, educational, pedagogical and so on.
It is obvious that when analyzed text, the grammar becomes prominent thing to describe how language works. Therefore, grammar and meaning are closely related. Grammar becomes a study of how meanings are built up through the use of words when language acts are performed as the expression of meaning. The way how language works involves the idea that a language consists of a set of systems, each of which offers the speakers ( or writer ) a choice of ways expressing meanings because the forms of the language that is used by a speaker represents meanings.
In using language to express meaning, a speaker has a linguistic choice that allows him/her to change the order of groups of words or in other words, the speaker is given allowance to use many ways of language use, for example: when a speaker intents to know the time, she/he may use his/her own expressions the language offers such as:
(1) What’s the journey?
(2) What the journey is it, please?
(5) I’d like to know the journey.
Those are different form of expressions. The first and second one are interrogative forms, the third is requesting form. The fourth one is imperative form while the last one is declarative form. Most of linguistics choices a speaker makes are unconscious. He/she never makes a conscious choice among the available language forms. He/she had chosen the best form to express or to convey the meaning. Halliday (1985: xxvii) a system network is a theory of language as a choice. It represents a language, or any part of language, as a resource for making meaning by choosing.
It is clear that grammar and meaning (semantic) are related each other either in spoken or written language. SFLT believes that such a kind of relation is one of realization. Therefore, the linguistic analysis of texts can help us to find out why some texts are more effective than other texts at communicating information. Text analysis is advantageous in giving us a better understanding of the nature of language use in English in many fields.
SFLT puts a great interest in the relation between language and context. If a text can be understood by the speakers or writers, there is a great deal about the context in which the text occurs can be revealed. Therefore, SFLT has been described as a functional semantic approach to language which explores how people use language in different context, and how language is structured for use as a semiotic system.
2.1.3 Metafunction of Language
message which has good formulation. Metafunctions of language consist of three major functional components, they are : The Ideational Function, The Interpersonal Function, and The Textual Function.
2.1.3.1 The Ideational Function
The ideational function relates to the inner and outer worlds of reality, it is “language about something”. Whenever one reflects on the external world of phenomena or the internal world of one’s consciousness, the representation of that reflection would take the form of ‘content’. This form of content is called the experiential meaning.
i. Experential Meaning
Focusing the language on the clause level with respect to the notion of clause as representation. Clause as a representation means that one function of the clause is as representation of experience of both external realities (i.e. reality outside oneself) and internal reality (reality inside oneself). The experiential or representational function of language (clause) is realized by the transitivity system of language. The outer world of reality that is brought into the inner world of reality in one’s consciousness, which is encoded in the transitivity system of language, is interpreted as a what-is-going-on process, which is related to material actions, events, states, and relations.
ii. Logical Function.
The logical function is meaning which is in the semantics of functional relationships between the clauses that form the logic of natural language.
2.2 TRANSITIVITY
Transitivity system belongs to experiential metafunctions. Transitivity is normally understood as the grammatical feature which indicates if a verb takes a direct object.When we look at the experiential metafunctions, we are looking at the grammar of the clause as representation. It is called so because the clause in its experiential function is a way of representing pattern of experience. Through the system of transitivity, we can explore the clause in its aspects such is:
When people talk about what a word or sentence means, it is kind of meaning they have in mind. Meaning in this sense is related to content or idea. So, here the clause that functions as the representation of processes explores by transitivity system. A fundamental property of language is that it enables human beings to build a mental picture of reality, to make sense of their experience of what goes on around them and inside them. The clause is the most significant grammatical unit, in this case because it is the clause that functions as the representation of processes. Transitivity analysis offers a description of one of the structural strands of the clause. Transitivity specifies the different types of process that are recognized in the language, and the structures by which they are expressed.
According to Halliday (1985: 101) There are three semantic categories which explain in general way about how phenomena of the real world are represented as linguistic structures. They are :
• The process it self
• Participants in the process
• Circumstances associated with the process
These provide the frame of reference for interpreting experience of what goes on.
2.2.1
Circumstances answer such question as when, where, why, how, how many and as what. Halliday (2004: 262) his classified into:
Circumstances
1) Time (temporal): tells when and is probed by when? How often? How long? Example: Faisal goes to her girl friend house every Saturday night. 2.) Place (spatial): tells where and is probed by where? How far?
Example: Indra goes to her girl friend house every Saturday night. 3.) Manner: tells how. Circumstance of Manner has divided to 3 kinds, they are:
• Means: tells by what means and is probed by what with.
Example: John goes by bicycle.
• Quality: tells how and is probed by how?
Example: Ryan loved her madly, deeply, truly!
• Reason: tells what cause the Process and is probed by why? Or how? Example: the sheep died of thirst.
• Purpose: tells the purpose and is probed by what for? Example: Stephanie went to market for new pencil.
• Behalf: tells for whose sake and is probed for whom?
Example: Sastri went to the market for his mother.
5.) Accompaniment: tells with(out) who or what and is probed by who or what else?
Example: Rani left work without his briefcase.
6.) Matter: tells about what or with reference to what and probed by what about? Example: This book is talking about functional grammar.
7.) Role: tells what as and is probed by as what? Example: Silvi lived a quite life as a beekeeper.
8.) Contingency : circumstances of contingency specify an element on which the actualization of the process depends. Contingency has three kinds, they are:
• Conditional have to obtain in order for the process to be actualized; they have the sense of ‘it’. They are expressed by propositional phrases with complex preposition in case of, in the event of, on condition of.
Example: Andi get back to the bedroom and change clothes in case of
bloodstains.
• Concession circumstantial construe frustrated cause, with the sense of
‘although’; they are expressed by prepositional phrases with the prepositions despite, in spite of, or regardless.
• Default circumstantial have the sense of negative condition- ‘if not, unless’; they are expressed by prepositional phrases with the complex prepositions in the absence of, in default.
Example: In the absence of any prior agreement between the parties as to the rate of salvage payable, the amount is assessed, as a rule, by the Admiralty Court.
9.) Angle is related either to (i) the Sayer of a ‘verbal’ clause, with the sense of ‘as…says’ or (ii) to the Senser of a ‘mental’ clause, with the sense of ‘as…thinks’. We can call type (i) ‘source’ since it is used to represent the source information.
Example: According to the phlogistic theory, the part remaining after a substance was burned was simply the original substance deprived of phlogiston.
We can call (ii) ‘viewpoint’ since it is used to represent the information given by the clause from somebody’s viewpoint, such as: to, in the view/opinion of, from the stand point of.
Example: To Marry it seemed unlikely, they’re guilty in the eyes of the law.
2.2.2
Gerot and Wignel (1994: 54) processes are central of Transitivity. Participants and Circumstances are incumbent upon the doings, happenings, feeling, and beings. We use term process and participant in analyzing what is represent through the use of language. They center on the part of the clause which are realized by the verbal group. They are also regarded as what “goings-on” and suggest many
different kinds of goings-on which necessarily involve different kinds of participant in varying circumstances. While participants and circumstances are incumbent upon the doings, happenings feeling and beings.
Processes can be subdivided into different types. There are six different process types identified by Halliday in Gerot and Wignel (1994 : 54), they are:
1). Material doing bodily, physically, materially
2). Mental sensing emotionally, intellectually, sensorilly
3). Relational being equal to, or some attribute of
4). Verbal saying lingually, signaling
5). Behavioral behaving physiologically and psychologically
6). Existential existing there exist
Processes are realized by verbs. Traditional verbs have been defined as ‘doing words’. But as the above lists indicates, some verbs are not doing words at all, but rather express states of being or having. There are different orders of doings and beings. For example, to write a funny story, to tell a funny story, and to hear a funny story are three different orders of meaning.
According the statement above, the examples:
1.) Material Sammy went up the hill.
2.) Mental Sammy realises the difficulties.
3.) Behavioural Sammy snores loudly.
4.)Verbal Sammy says ‘‘don’t eat a lot!’’
The tripartite interpretation of processes is what lies behind the grammatical distinction of word classes into verbs, nouns, and the rest, a pettern that in some form or other is probably universal among human languages. We can express this as Halliday (1985: 102):
Type of element: Typically realized by: (i). Process
(ii). Participant (iii). Circumstance
Verbal group Nominal group
Adverbial group or prepositional phrase
The concept of process, participant and circumstance are semantic categories which explain in the most general way how phenomena of the real world are represented as linguistic structures.
In the following sections we shall explore the different types of process that are built in to the semantics of English, and the particular kinds of participant role that are systematically associated with each.
1.) Material Processess
Material processes are Processes of material doing. Halliday (1985: 103) material processes are processes of ‘doing’. They express the nation that some entity ‘does’ something—which may be done ‘to’ some other entity. So clauses with a Material Process obligatorily have a doing (Process) and a doer (Participant).
The lion run
Participant process
Pesta wrote a letter
The entity who or which does something is called “the actor”. Halliday (1985: 102) says, “the actor is the’ logical Subject’ of older terminology, and means the one that does the deed.
Example: The mouse ran up the clock. In the sentence, ‘the mouse’ is a subject or participant who does something.
A logical element is a function in transitivity structure. The traditional view of transitivity in western linguistics is as follows.
i.) Every process has an Actor.
ii.) Some processes, but not all, also have a second participant, which we shall call GOAL.
The goal is the entity which may be done to.
Example:
The lion run
Participant
Process An actor
Pesta wrote a letter
Participant
Process
Participant
An Actor The Goal
• Creative type
In the creative type, the Goal is brought about by the Process.
Example:
The leader Dissolved the commitee
Actor Process: Material Goal
Pesta Wrote a letter
Actor Process: material Goal
• Dispositive type
In the dispositive type, we have doings and happenings.
Example:
His boss Dismissed Andi
Actor Process: material Goal
My father Resigned
Actor Process: material
Material Processes ‘take’ both the active voice and the passive. The active voice is a happening rather a doing: the probe is not what did actor do? But what happen to actor? The passive form is used, we can probe for an explicit actor—we can ask who by?
Example:Active Voice
Petter Sent the letter
Passive Voice
The letter was sent by Petter
Goal Process: material Actor
2.) Mental Processess
Mental Processes is process of sensing. Gerot and Wignel (1994: 58) Mental Processes are ones of sensing such as: feeling, thinking, perceiving. Halliday (1985:111) Mental Processes, on the other hand, are processes of feeling, thinking and seeing. Mental Processes has three types, they are:
a. Affective or reactive (feeling) b. Cognitive (thinking)
c. Perceptive (perceiving through the five senses.)
Gerot and Wignel (1994: 58) says, “Mental Processes are mental, convert kinds of goings-on.”Mental processes is diffferent from Material Processes ones in much as much the letter are physical, moving and overt doing. And the participant in Mental is not much acting or acting upon in a doing sense, as sensing – having feelings, perceiving or thinking.
The participant roles in Mental Processes are:
• Senser
• Phenomenon
The phenomenon is that which is sensed: felt, though or seen.
Example:
The clause with Senser and Phenomenon.
Silvi likes banana
Senser Mental: affect Phenomenon
Senser only:
The active and passive form in Mental Process: (Active)
(Passive)
3.) Behavioural Processes
According to Halliday (1985 : 128) Behavioural Processes are Processes of physiological and psychological behovioural, like breathing, dreaming, smiling, laughing, etc.
Indra doesn’t like doll
Participant: Senser Process: Mental Participant: Phenomenon
Novi understood
Senser Mental: Cognitive
Nerly likes banana
Senser Mental: affect Phenomenon
Banana is liked by Nerly
There in one obligatory Participant: the Behaver. The Behaver is a conscious being but the Process is one of doing, not sensing. But sometimes involve a ‘behavior’.
Example:
Indra weeps for me
Behaver Process: behavioural Circum: cause
The lion roars loudly
Behaver Process: behavioural Circum: manner
4.) Verbal Processes
Verbal Processes are processes of saying, or more accurately, of symbolically signaling.
Halliday (1985: 129) Verbal Processes are processes of saying. A things which need not to
be a conscious being (signal source) is called The Sayer. Gerot and Wignell (1994: 62) There
are three participants in Verbal Processes, they are:
• Receiver: the one to whom the verbalization isaddressed
• Target: one acted upon verbally (insulted, complimented, etc.)
• Range/ Verbiage: a name for the verbalization itself.
Examples:
Silvi Told Anna a rude joke
Sayer Verbal Target Verbiage
I am always praising Him
5.) Relational Processes
Relational processes are those of being. They can be classified according to whether they
are being used to identify some thing or to assign a quality to something.
In Relational Processes has three kinds, they are:
• Identifying Processes
Processes which establish an identity are called Identifying Processes. In Identifying
Processes the Participant roles are Token and Value. Token = which stands for what is being
defined. Value = which defined.
• Attributive Processes
Processes which assign a quality are called Attributive Processes.In Attributive the
participant roles are Carrier and Attribute. Attribute is quality or epithet ascribed to the
carrier (X carriers the attribute) and carrier (X is a member of the class “a”).
Example:
Attributive Processes
Identifying Processes
Mian may be the best games player
Token Identifying Value
Ivo is a good games player
There are three developments of the two sub type of relational process (Halliday,
1985: 112):
• Intensive (x is a)
• Circumstantial (x is at a)
• Possessive (x has a)
Gerot and Wignel (1994: 68) show the option of relational process as the following:
Examples:
Cytoplasm Is sort of a jelly-like material
Carrier Attributive: intensive Attribute
Fish Have fish fin
Carrier Attributive: possessive Attribute
My home Is inside the city
Carrier Attrib: circumstantial Attribute
Atom is the nucleus of the cell
Token Identifying: intensive Value
Attributive: carrier, attribute Indentifying: token, value
Relational Process
All cells Contain cytoplasm Token Identifying: possessive Value
Albumen Surrounds the yolk
Token Identifying: circumstantial Value
6.) Existential Processes
Existential processes are processes of existence. Halliday (1985: 130) says, “Existential Processes are represent that something exist or happens.” ‘There’ has no representational function; it is required because of the need for a Subject in English. Existential processes are expressed by verbs of existing: ‘be’, ‘exist’, ‘arise’, and the Extent can be a phenomenon of any kind. If in an Existential clause containing a Circumstantial element the Circumstantial element is Thematic, the word ‘there’ may be omitted.
Examples:
There’s a baby dog in the yard
Existential Existent Circumstance: place
On the matinee jacket Was a blood-stain
Circumstance: place Existential Existent
On the wall There hangs a photo
Circums: place Existential Existent
There’s a man at the door
2.3 Relevant Study
1 Nova Indriyani (2004) in her thesis “Transitivity process in worldview’s
articles of nesweek.” She explained about the types of transitivity process
occurred in the worldview’s articles of Newsweek. Newsweek is an
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1Research Approach
This research is done by using qualitative research. Qualitative research is designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena. Descriptive Qualitative is the suitable method for analyzing this thesis. Descriptive Qualitative method is used for giving description of the transitivity process. They are directed towards determining the real situation, as it exists at the time of the study. The data is gotten by collecting the texts and books in library which have been related to the topic. The sources text of this thesis are two article of editorial found in Jakarta Post. The writer is not only use the qualitative method but the writer combine the qualitative method and library research. In qualitative method, we can present summary, hard selection, classified in one of large system, not only that, but also qualitative can change the data into number or arrange. Huberman in Rohidi (1992: 17) says that the number and word are going to explain the number working together in the analysis. In order to find out the most dominant type of transitivity that used in the Editorial articles of Jakarta Post, the writer applies Bungin’s formula (2005:172);
N = Percentage of each types of transitivity
Fx = total number of types of transitivity.
All of data that the writer analyzed are called by population. Population is the total object in the research in order that the two editorial text of Jakarta Post were called by Population.
3.2Data and Source of Data
The object of the study in this thesis are two editorial articles. It is known that editorial is a special page dedicated to the writer for giving opinion. It reflects the majority vote of the editorial board, the governing body of the newspaper made up of editors and business managers. It is usually unsigned. Much in the same manner of a lawyer, editorial writers build on an argument and try to persuade readers to think the same way they do. Editorials are meant to influence public opinion, promote critical thinking, and sometimes cause people to take action on an issue. In essence, an editorial is an opinionated news story. However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial in the opinion. The source of research data is Jakarta Post, published in February 15th, 2013 with volume 30 and with serial No. 285 consists of twenty-eight pages in page six (6) and February 4th,2013 with volume 30 and with serial No. 139 which consist of forty pages in page six (6). The data of analysis are the clauses found in both of the editorial texts of Jakarta Post consists of 108 clauses.
3.3Collecting Data
texts of Jakarta Post. This research is used two editorial texts of Jakarta Post because from the both of source this research has found 108 clauses. That is a siut counts for analysing into the three classified in Transitivity, Processes, Participant and Circumstances.
This research chose two editorial articles found in Jakarta Post by random. First, the writer sought the topic of editorial article in the newspaper that is the Jakarta Post by random then selected the most interesting tittles in the newspaper. This research uses editorial articles because as we know that editorial articles is special place for the writer to express their feeling, thinking and opinion, try to persuade readers to think the same way they do. Editorials are meant to influence public opinion, promote critical thinking, and sometimes cause people to take action on an issue.
3.4Data Analysis Technique
This research identified all clauses in two editorial articles found in Jakarta Post. In this thesis, all of sentences divided into clauses, identified and classified the processes based on transitivity theory by coloum. And the last, the research found out the most dominant processes that used in the two editorial text of Jakarta Post. Finally this research reported the data by coloum and make a conclusion.
Miles & Huberman (1994:10) state that they define analysis as consisting of three concurrent flows of activity: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification
abstracting, and transforming the data that appear in written up field notes or transcription. The first step is reducing by selecting the clause which is necessary to analyze and which one is not, in two editorial text of Jakarta Post.
The second step is displaying the data. After the reducing the data which will be analyzed, the analyst has to display the data inspecific form whether it is table, matrices, graphs, charts, or networks. All are design to assemble, compact from so that the analyst can see what is happening and either draw justified conclusion or move on to the next step of analysis the display suggests may be useful (1994:11). After reducing the data by selecting the clause which necessary to analyze, the second step is displaying the data. In the second step, the clause has selected, should be identified and clasified based on Halliday’s theory.
The last step is drawing a conclusion. According to Milles & Huberman (1994:11), conclusion is also verified as a analyst proceeds. The meaning emerging from the data have to be tested for their plausibility, their sturdiness, their ”confirmability” – that is, their validity. In the last step, the research should make a conclusion. In this research, the conclusion is showed by coloumn and number.
The three steps can be represented in the following figure (Milles & Huberman, 1994: 12)
Components of Data Analysis: Interactive Model
Data reduction
Data display Data
In above figure, the three types of analysis activity and the activity of data collection itself from an interactive, cyclical process. The coding of data, for example (data reduction), leads to new ideas on what should go into matrix (data display), entering the data requires further data reduction. As the matrix fills up, preliminary conclusions are drawn but they lead to the decision, for example to add another column to the matrix to test the conclusion. In this view, qualitative data analysis is a continuous, iterative enterprise. Issues of data reduction, of display and of conclusion drawing/verification come into figure successively as analysis episode follow each other (Milles & Huberman, 1994:12)
Based on component of Milles and Huberman’s theory, for the frist step in this research is collecting the data by documentation. The writer is select the best topic in editorial articles of Jakarta Post. After that, the clause should be reducting, select the cluase which is necessary to analyze and which one is not. The next step, the writer, identified and classified the clause based on Halliday’s theory. The last step, the writer make a conclusion.
Because of the writer chooses distribution frequency in calculating the data. Converting to percentage by using this formula from Bungin (2005:171-172)
� =��
� � 100 %
n = Percentage of the use of code-mixing
Fx = Frequency of the use of code-mixing
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 ANALYSIS
All of clauses has found in two editorial articles should be identified and classified the processes based on experiential realized by transitivity theory. This research found four processes from six processes. In this chapter only provided some analysis of the clauses. Next, the examples of analysis are:
A. MATERIAL PROCESSES a.) Creative type
In the creative type, the Goal is brought about by the Process. The process is physical process of doing.
(1.) Source 1, Paragraph 1, Clause 5
(2.)Source 1, Paragraph 6, clause 35
(3.)Source 2, Paragraph 1,Clause 3
to acts of terrorism in the country
Material: Creative Goal Cirm. Place
Who Worked under Santoso,
- Material - Goal
after three months of due diligence, to cancel their plan
b.) Dispositive type
In the dispositive type, we have doings and happenings. The process is not physical process of doing, such as: dissolved, dismissed.
(1.)Source 1 , Paragraph 6, Clause 33
(2.)Source 1, Paragraph 8, Clause 49
(3.)Source 1, Paragraph 9, Clause 55
B. MENTAL PROCESSES
Halliday (1985:111) Mental Processes, on the other hand, are processes of feeling, thinking and seeing. Mental hs three kinds, Cognitive, Affective and Perceptive.
(1.)Source 2 , Paragraph 1, Clause 2
It has been uncovered
Actor Material
Learning from the global terror network al-Qaeda,
It will come as no surprise
- Actor Material Goal
heroin production soared each year.
Actor Material Cirm. Time
after AirAsia and its Indonesian partner PT Fersindo Nusaperkasa
decided last Ocotber,
(2.)Source 2, Paragraph 12, Clause 35
(3.)Source 1, Paragraph 2, Clause 10
C. VERBAL PROCESSES
Verbal processes are processes of saying, or more accurately, of symbolically signaling.
(1.) Source 1, Paragraph 4, Clause 24
(2.)Source 2, Paragraph 2, Clause 5
(3.)Source 1, Paragraph 9, Clause 58
The media and several intelligence agencies also reported
Sayer - Verbal
The top priority for the government
Now must be to ensure the interests of consumers
(ticket holders)
Senser Cirm. Time Mental: cognition phenomenon
had long been aware of the key issue of terrorism funding,
Mental: cognition Phenomenon
to ask foreign government
Verbal Receiver
Even though AirAsia chief executive
D. RELATIONAL PROCESSES
(1.)Source 2, Paragraph 5, Clause 12
(2.)Source 2, Paragraph 9, Cluase 23
(3.) Source 1, Paragraph 4, Clause 26
included on the list of world
terrorist groups and
Identifying Value Cirm: Role Cirm: Place
Undertaking such a big deal in the hope of obtaning a contract from the government
Carrier Attributive Attribute Cirm.Cause:
Behalf
while airline businesses need a huge outlay of capital and
high technology
4.2FINDINGS
In the editoral text of Jakarta Post pusblished in February 15th, 2013 volume 30 serial number 285 with twenty-eight pages finds 64 clauses. The type of Processes found in the text can be seen in the table below:
Table 4.2.1Processes type of the first source text
No. Processes Type TOTAL
1. Material Processes 52 clauses
2. Mental Processes 3 clauses
3. Verbal Processes 5 clauses
4. Ralational Processes 4 clauses
5. Existential Processes -
6. Behavioural Processes -
Total 64 clauses
In the editoral texts of Jakarta Post pusblished in February 4th,2013 volume 30 serial number 139, with forty pages finds 44 clauses. The type of Processes found in the text can be seen in the table below:
Table 4.2.2 Processes Type of the second source text
No. Processes Type TOTAL
1. Material Processes 27 clauses
2. Mental Processes 2 clauses
3. Verbal Processes 2 clauses
5. Existential Processes -
6. Behavioural Processes -
Total 44 clauses
Total clauses from the both of articles editorial consists of 108 clauses, they are that the Material processes gained 79 processes, the Relational processes gained 17 processes, the the Verbal Processes gained 7 process gained 5 processes, and the last, Mental Processes.
Based on the analyzed, the writer can find the percentage of transitivity verbs by using Bungin’s formula. Such as follows:
N = fx / n x 100%
N = Percentage of each types of transitivity
Fx = total number of types of transitivity.
Base on the data that the writer got in this thesis,
• n = 107, 107 clauses
• fx material processes : 52 + 27 = 79
• fx mental processes : 3 + 2 = 5
• fx relational processes: 4 + 13 = 17
• fx verbal processes : 5 + 2 = 7
Percentage of the Material processes : N = fx / n x 100%
N = 79/108 x 100%
Percentage of relational processes : N = fx/n x 100%
N = 17/108 x 100%
N = 15,8 %
Percentage of mental processes : N = fx/n x 100%
N = 9/108 x 100%
N = 4,7 %
Percentage of verbal processes : N = fx/n x 100%
N = 7/108 x 100%
N = 6,5%
Table 4.2.3 : Types of Transitivity processes found in editorial text of Jakarta Post
No. Processes Type TOTAL %
1. Material Processes 74 73 %
2. Relational Processes 19 15,8 %
3. Mental Processes 8 4,7 %
4. Verbal Processes 7 6,5 %
5. Behavioral Processes 0 0 %
6. Existential Processes 0 0 %
TOTAL 108 100 %
Table 4.2.4 Participant type in both of source text
Based on the analyzed, the writer can find the percentage of transitivity verbs by using Bungin’s formula. Such as follows:
• Percentage of Actor (participant):
N = fx / n x 100% N = 47/157 x 100% N = 30 %
• Percentage of Goal :
No Processes Type Participants TOTAL
(Source 1)
3. VERBAL PROCESSES
N = fx / n x 100% N = 62/157 x 100 % N = 39 %
• Percentage of Senser:
N = fx / n x 100% N = 3/157 x 100% N = 2 %
• Percentage of Phenomenon:
N = fx / n x 100% N = 3/157 x 100% N = 2 %
• Percentage of Sayer:
N = fx / n x 100% N= 5/157 x 100% N = 3 %
• Percentage of Verbiage:
N = fx / n x 100% N = 3/157 x 100% N = 2%
• Pecentage of Receiver: N = fx / n x 100% N = 1/157 x 100% N= 0,6 %
N = fx / n x 100% N = 10/157 x 100% N = 6,4 %
• Percentage of Attribute:
N = fx / n x 100% N = 12/157 x 100% N = 8%
• Percentage of Token: N = fx / n x 100% N = 5/157 x 100% N = 3%
• Percentage of Value: N = fx / n x 100% N = 6/157 x 100% N = 4 %
Table 4.2.5 Percentage of Participant Type.
VERBIAGE 3 2%
From the table above, we know that the most dominat participnt in both of editorial texts is Goal (participant of Material Processes), after that Actor, follow Attribute and in this research that is not found Target (participant of Verbal Processes). In this research is not only found Processes and Participant which most dominant but also the circumstances. The circumstances are found in this research can be seen in the table bellow:
Table 4.2.6. Circumstances type are found in two editorial text of Jakarta Post.
No. CIRCUMSTANCES TYPE
6. Circumstance Matter 0 0 0
7. Circumstance Role 2 1 3
8. Circumstance Angle 1 0 1
9. Circumstance Contingency 1 2 3
TOTAL 38 34 72
According this research, circumstance Matter is not found in the both of editorial texts. Based on the analyzed, the writer can find the percentage of transitivity verbs by using Bungin’s formula. Such as follows:
• Percentage of circumstance time N = fx / n x 100%
N= 23/72 x 100% N = 32%
• Percentage of circumstance place N = fx / n x 100%
N = 21/71 x 100% N = 29%
• Percentage of circumstance manner N = fx / n x 100%
N = 2/72 x 100% N = 2%
N = fx / n x 100% N = 15/72 x 100% N = 21%
• Percentage of circumstance accompaniment
N = fx / n x 100% N = 5/72 x 100% N = 7%
• Percentage of circumstance role N = fx / n x 100%
N = 3/72 x 100% N = 4%
• Percentage of circumstance contingency N = fx / n x 100%
N = 3/72 x 100% N = 4%
• Percentage of circumstance angle N = fx / n x 100%
Table 4.2.7. Circumstance type of two editorial texts of Jakarta Posts
No. Circumstances Type TOTAL %
1. CIRCUMSTANCE TIME 23 32%
2. CIRCUMSTANCE PLACE 21 29%
3. CIRCUMSTANCE MANNER 2 2%
4. CIRCUMSTANCE CAUSE 15 21%
5.
CIRCUMSTANCE ACCOMPANIMENT
5 7%
6. CIRCUMSTANCE ROLE 3 4%
7.
CIRCUMSTANCE CONTINGENCY
3 4%
8. CIRCUMSTANCE ANGLE 1 1%
TOTAL 72 100%
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After describing the transitivity process and analyzing them, the writer comes into some conclusions, as follows:
1. This reaserch is found 4 processes out of six processes, they are Material Processes, Mental Processes, Verbal Processes, and Relationanl Processes. In this research is not completed by Behavioural Processes and Existential Processes. This reaserch is not completed by Target (participant of Verbal Processes). This research has found Goal, Actor, Senser, Phenomenon, Sayer, Verbiage, Receiver, Token, Value, Attribute, Carrier. This research has found 8 circumstance out of 9 circumstances. This research is not completed by circumstance matter.
circumstance contingency (4%), the last, circumstance manner and circumstance angle (1%).
5.2 Suggestions
1. The writer suggests the readers especially learners concerning language to do deeper study and research about experiential realized by transitivity systems in order to get a better in understanding of transitivity.
2. The writer hopes the students can gain the knowledge from many sources
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First Source text:
Jakarta Post published in February 15th, 2013. Vol. 30 No.285. Twenty-eight pages
Fighting Rich Terrorists
1. The National Police’s crackdown on al-Qaeda linked Jamaah Islamiyah (JI) as the party reponsible for a series of deadly bomb attacks targeting foreign interests within the last decade has in fact not marked an end to acts of terrorism in the country. Terrorist cells have continued to seek and reveice funding to carry out recuitment, training and eventually carnage, albeit on a lower scale.
2. The country’s law enforces had long been aware of the key issue of terrorism funding, but it took them one year to finally win the House of Representatives’ approval of a bill on terrorism financial. The bill, unanimously passed on Tuesday, authorizes government institutions, including the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK), to track down and cut the sources of funding for terrorisr activities, both domestically and overseas.
The National Police’s crackdown on al-Qaeda Jamaaah Islamiyah (JI)
linked Jamaaah Islamiyah
(JI)
Actor Material Goal
as the party responsible for a series of deadly bomb attacks
Carrier Attributive attributte
targeting foreign interests within the last decade
Material Goal Circumstance time
has in fact not marked an end
Material Goal
to acts of terrorism in the country
Material Goal Cirm. Place
Terrorism cells have to continue to seek
Actor Material
to carry out recruitment, training and
eventually carnage,
albeit on a lower scale.
Material Goal Circ. Contingency
And receive funding
(9.)
3. It will complement the draconian antiterrorism law passed in 2006 and the anti-money laundering legislation endorsed in 2003. When the bill comes into effect, PPATK will be responsible for freezing bank accounts and confiscating assets related to terrorism and terrorist organizations in cooperation with law enforcement agencies and financial service providers. (17.)
(18.)
(19.)
The country’s law Enforces
Actor Material
had long been aware of the key issue of terrorism funding,
Mental Phenomenon
But It took them one year
- Token Identifying Value Cirm. time
to finally win the House of Representatives’ approval of
a bill on terrorism financial.
Material Goal
The bill unanimously passed on Tuesday
Actor - Material Cirm. Time
authorizes government institutions
Mental: Cognition` Phenomenon
including the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center
(PPATK), Identifying Value
to track down and cut the sources of
funding
for terrorist activities, both domestically and overseas.
Material - Material Goal Circ: cause: purpose
It will complement the draconian antiterrorism law
Actor Material Goal
passed in 2006
Material Circ: time
and the anti-money laundering legislation endorsed in 2003
(20.)
(21.)
(22.)
4. The bill will also allow Indonesian authorities to ask foreign governments to block bank accounts of individuals or corporations included on the list of world terrorist groups and vice versa as part of the international cooperation in the fight against terrorism.
(23.)
(24.)
(25.)
(26.)
5. According to the police, the terrorism network in the country has shifted to members and sympathizers as source funding. The terrorists turn out to justify funding raised through criminal acts as apparent in an August 2010 bank robbery in Medan, North Sumatera, which left a police officer dead, and the money changer robbery in Bali in March of last years. Bali bomber Imam Samudra, who was eventually executed, admitted to raising funds for the first attack on the tourist island in October 2002 by, among others, robbing a jewelry shop.
(27.)
(28.)
When the bill comes into effect
- Actor Material Goal
PPATK will be responsible for freezing bank accounts and confiscating assets
Carrier Attributive Cirm. Cause: Purpose
relate to terrorism and terrorist
organizations in coorperation
with law enforment agencies and financial service provider.
Material Goal Cirm. Accompaniment
The bill will also allow Indonesian authorities
Actor Material Goal
to ask foreign government
Verbal Receiver
to block bank accounts of individuals or corporations
Material Goal
included on the list of world
terrorist groups and
Identifying Value Cirm: Role Cirm: Place
According to
The terrorists turn out to justify funding
(29.)
(30.)
(31.)
(32.)
6. It has been uncovered that terrorists collect money through Internet hacking as evident in the arrest of IT experts Rizki and Cahaya, who worked under Santoso, a terror suspect who now tops the police most-wanted list for his activities in Poso, Central Sulawesi. The police said Rizki and Cahaya hacked a foreign exchange trading website and collected nearly US$700,000 used to launch a bomb attack on a Surakarta Protestant church last year and paramilitary training in Central Sulawesi.
(33.)
(34.)
(35.)
(36.)
raised through criminal acts
as apparent
Which left a police officer dead, and the
money changer robbery
Bali bomber Imam Samudra, who was eventually executed,
Actor - Material robbing a jewelry shop.
Material Goal Cirm.
Cause
Cirm. Place Cirm.
Time
Cirm. Manner
It has been uncovered
Actor Material
That terrorists collect Money through Internet hacking as evident
in the arrest of IT experts Rizki and Cahaya,
- Actor Material Goal
Who Worked under Santoso,
(37.)
(38.)
(39.)
(40.)
7. A former terrorist who has served his jail sentence once said terrorist cells also collected funds through charity foundations or organizations, whose member operated door-to-door, in bus terminals and train stations, without knowing the money would go to terrorists.
(41.)
(42.)
(43.)
(44.)
(45.)
8. With foreign funding no longer to be expected, terrorists will seek every avenue to secure their access to funding. Learning from the global terror network al-Qaeda, it will come as no surprise if in the future the Indonesian police find a link between terrorism and drug trafficking.
(46.)
The police said
Sayer Verbal
Rizki and Cahaya hacked a foreign exchange trading website
Actor Material Goal
And collected nearly US$700,000
- Material Goal
and Paramilitary training
sentence once said
Verbiage Verbal
terrorist cells also collected funds through charity foundations or organizations,
Actor - Material Goal
Whose member operated door-to-door, in bus terminals and train stations,
- Actor Material Goal Cirm. Place
would go to terrorists.
Material Goal
With foreign funding no longer to be expected,
(47.)
(48.)
(49.)
(50.)
9. The US security authorities discovered evidence of al-Qaeda’s alleged
involvement large-scale drug sales to finance its and its associates’ activities worldwide. They said ever since the Taliban took over Afghanistan, heroin production soared each year. The Taliban produced 400 out of 500 metric tons of heroin in 1999 alone. The media and several intelligence agencies also reported that bin Laden once exchanged $500 million worth of heroin for four suitcases with nuclear devices from the Chechens.
(51.)
will seek every avenue
Material Goal
to secure their access to funding.
Material Goal
Learning from the global terror network al-Qaeda,
it will come as no surprise
- Actor Material Goal
if in the future the Indonesian police
find a link between terrorism
and drug trafficking.
- Cirm. Time Actor Material Goal
The US security authorities
discovered evidence of al-Qaeda’s alleged
involvement large-scale drug sales
Actor Material Goal
to finance its and its associates’ activities worldwide.
Material Goal
They said
Sayer Verbal
ever since the Taliban took over Afghanistan
Cirm. time Actor Material Goal
heroin production soared each year.
Actor Material Circ. Time
The Taliban produced 400 out of 500 metric tons of
heroin
in 1999 alone.
Actor Material Goal Cirm. Time
The media and several intelligence agencies also reported
(58.)
10.The passage of a bill that will cut the lines of terrorist financing marks a progress in the country’s fight against terrorism. Sooner or later terrorists will arm themselves with high-tech unless the law enforcers succed in blocking their access to funding.
(59.)
(60.)
(61.)
(62.)
11.But all the efforts and initiatives to combat terrorists should not distract us from the root of terrorism: radicalism.
(63.)
The passage of a bill that will cut the lines of terrorist financing
Actor - Material Goal
marks a progress in the country’s fight against terrorism.
Material Goal Cirm. Place
Sooner or later terrorists will arm themselves with high-tech
Cirm. Time Actor Material Goal Cirm.
Accompaniment Unless the law enforcers succeed in blocking their access to funding.
- Actor Material Goal
But all the efforts and initiatives to combat terrorists
- Actor Material Goal
should not distract us from the root of terrorism: radicalism.
