PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM
(STUDI MENGENAI GANTI RUGI PENGADAAN TANAH PROYEK
KANAL (FLOOD WAY) SEI DELI-SEI PERCUT MEDAN)
TESIS
Oleh :
LINDAWATI LEONARDI
037011047
Magister Kenotariatan
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
P E N G A D A A N T A N A H U N T U K K E P E N T T N G A N U M U M
( S T U D I M E N G E N A I G A N T I R U G I P E N G A D A A N T A N A H P R O Y E K KANAL (FLOOD WAY) SEI DELI — SEI PERCUT MEDAN )
L i n d a w a t i L e o n a r d i * ) M u h a m m a d Y a m i n * * )
D j a i d i r * * ) Runtung Sitepu **)
I N T I S A R I
Permasalahan lingkungan yang selalu timbul di Kota Medan adalah banjir yang selalu terjadi di setiap musim hujan tiba. Banjir telah mengakibatkan banyak kerugian baik moril maupun material bagi masyarakat Kota Medan. Penyebab utama banjir adalah meluapnya air Sei Deli yang mengalir di tengah-tengah Kota Medan. Pada waktu hujan, air melimpah sehingga badan sungai tidak mampu lagi menampung luapan air. Dan hasil survei yang dilakukan para ahli termasuk salah satu diantaranya Negara Jepang diketahui bahwa salah satu upaya mengatasi banjir adalah dengan membuat kanal yang dalam penelitian ini dikenal dengan istilah Flood Way, yang berfungsi mengalirkan sebagian aliran Sei Deli ke Sei Percut pada waktu hujan tiba. Untuk pembangunan kanal yang merupakan proyek kepentingan umum ini dibutuhkan areal kurang lebih 19 hektar. Oleh karena lokasi yang ditetapkan sebagai jalur kanal tersebut merupakan daerah pemukiman, areal pertanian bahkan industri maka pengadaan tanah untuk Proyek Kanal (Flood Way) ini harus memenuhi ketentuan yang ditetapkan berdasarkan Keppres nomor 55 tahun 1993. Namun didalam proses pengadaan tanah tersebut musyawarah yang dilakukan tidak dapat mencapai kesepakatan mengenai besarnya ganti rugi, masyarakat belum menerima bentuk dan besarnya ganti rugi dan banyak kendala yang dihadapi mulai dan penetapan luas dan batas-batas tanah yang kurang akurat dan pihak panitia pengadaan tanah sampai kepada penentuan nilai ganti rugi yang dirasakan masyarakat yang terkena Proyek Kanal (Flood Way) kurang sesuai dengan harga pasar.sss
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum sosiologis dengan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Kota Medan yang terkena jalur Proyek Kanal (Flood Way) yang meliputi 2 Kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Medan Johor dan Medan Amplas serta 6 Kelurahan yaitu Kelurahan Titi Kuning, Kelurahan Kedai Durian, Kelurahan Gedung Johor, Kelurahan Harjosari II, Kelurahan Sukamaju, dan Kelurahan Pangkalan Masyhur. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat yang terkena pengadaan tanah Proyek Kanal (Flood Way) Sei Deli –Sei Percut Medan. Dan keseluruhan populasi diambil sampel secara purpossive sebanyak 45 responden, dan untuk melengkapi data diperoleh dan narasumber yaitu instansi Kantor Pertanahan Kota Medan, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Medan dan Kepala Kelurahan dan masing-
masing yang terkena proyek. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dengan menyebarkan kuisioner kepada responden dan wawancara dengan responden dan narasumber serta data sekunder dengan menghimpun bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Alat pengumpulan data berupa studi dokurnen, wawancara dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan menyebarkan kuisioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisa kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses musyawarah dalam menentukan bentuk dan besarnya ganti rugi tidak mencapai kesepakatan, masyarakat secara yuridis telah menerima bentuk dan besarnya ganti rugi namun secara implisit mereka merasa kecewa dan diperlakukan tidak adil. Hambatanhambatan yang dihadapi dalam pengadaan tanah Proyek Kanal (Flood Way) Sei Deli – Sei Percut Medan ada 2 yaitu hambatan non teknis dan hambatan teknis. Hambatan non teknis antara lain berupa surat kepemilikan hak atas tanah yang akan diganti rugi yang kurang lengkap, dalam hal pemilik tanah, bangunan dan tanaman yang akan dibebaskan tidak berada di tempat, nilai ganti rugi dirasakan sebagian masyarakat pemegang hak atas tanah kurang sesuai dengan harga pasar sehingga masyarakat melakukan upaya hukum, terhadap tanah yang dibebaskan tersebut sedang dipasang Hak Tanggungan, masih adanya masyarakat yang menguasai tanah secara fisik tanpa ada alas hak, k e t i d a k a k u r a t a n p i h a k P a n i t i a P e n g a d a a n T a n a h d a l a m m e l a k u k a n inventarisasi. Hambatan teknis antara lain adanya perobahan desain Proyek Kanal (Flood Way) Sei Deli – Sei Percut Medan, terlalu cepatnya dilakukan pembayaran ganti rugi sementara masyarakat masih ada yang tetap bertahan di lokasi sehingga terjadi penggusuran dan pihak Proyek, proses pengukuran yang memakan waktu yang lama, adanya selang waktu yang cukup lama dan pelaksanaan inventarisasi sampai kepada pembayaran ganti rugi, adanya tenggang waktu yang cukup lama dari penetapan lokasi sampai kepada realisasinya, dan adanya salah satu industri kertas yang terkena proyek.
Disarankan dalam proses pengadaan tanah perlu dilakukan penelitian yang a k u r a t s e b e l u m d i l a k s a n a k a n p e n e t a p a n b e s a r n y a g a n t i r u g i d e n g a n mempertimbangkan letak tanah, kriteria ganti rugi terhadap tanah dan bangunan, penggunaan tanah, kualitas bangunan, fasilitas yang tersedia dan kondisi ekonomi masyarakat yang terkena proyek, perlu dilakukan sosialisasi di media cetak sehingga masyarakat memahami dampak positif dan pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum dan penyuluhan sebaiknya dilakukan secara benar dan berulang kali sehingga masyarakat benar-benar mengerti manfaat proyek dan ikut berpartisipasi menyukseskan pembangunan proyek kepentingan umum tersebut.
Kata Kunci : - Pengadaan Tanah - Kepentingan Umum - Ganti Rugi
PROVIDE LAND SPACE FOR PUBLIC INTEREST
(STUDY ABOUT COMPENSATION IN PROVIDE LAND SPACE KANAL PROJECT (FLOOD WAY) DELI RIVER — PERCUT RIVER MEDAN)
L i n d a w a t i L e o n a r d i * ) M u h a m m a d Y a m i n * * )
D j a i d i r * * ) Runtung Sitepu**)
A B S T R A C T
Environment problem which always emerge in Medan is the flood which always happened when rainy season comes. The flood has caused a lot of damages either moral or material for Medan City people. The main cause of the flood is the overflow of Deli River water. At the rain, the water overflows so that the body of the river cannot catch the overflow of water. From the result of survey which done by the expert include one of them is Japan country is known that one of methods to solve the flood is to make canal in this study known as Flood Way terminology, which have function to flow a part of water of Deli River to Percut River when rain comes. For the development of kanal which is project of public interest, it needs about 19 hectare area. Because of location which decided as track of canal is however residence area, agriculture area even industrial area therefore provide land space for this canal project (Flood Way) must fulfill fixation which was decided based on Presidential Decree number 55 year 1993. But in the process to provide land space the discussion which has done couldn’t have an agreement about the amount of compensation, people who infected by project hasn't accepted the amount of compensation and there are a lot of problem that has been faced beginning from the decision of wide and limits of land that less accurate from the committee of land supplying until to fixation value of compensation which felt by peoples that infected by Canal Project (Flood Way) is not suitable to market value.
This study is however a sociological legal research with a normative juridical and sociological juridical approaching. The location of study took place in Medan City that infected by Kanal Project track (Flood Way) that cover 2 district that is Medan Johor District and Medan Amplas and also 6 sub district that is Titi Kuning Sub District, Kedai Durian Sub District, Gedung Johor Sub District, Harjosari II Sub District, Sukamaju Sub District and Pangkalan Masyhur Sub District. The population on this study area are people who infected by provide land space Kanal Project (Flood Way) Deli River — Percut River Medan. From all population taken sample purposively amount 45 respondents, still in order to support the data, there obtained some informant such as Medan City Public Labour and Head Village of each village which infected by project. The data resource to this research is, obtained the primary data sources by spreading
questionnaires to those respondents and interview with respondent and informant and also found secondary legal material. The tool for collecting data is document study interview use with interview guide, and spreading questionnaires. The data analysis is conducted in qualitatively approach.
Result of research shows that the discussion process to decided the amount of compensation couldn't have an agreement, the people in juridical has accepted the amount of agreement, but implicitly they felt disappointed and treat unfair. The obstacles that were faced in provide land space Canal Project (Flood Way) Deli River — Percut River Medan are two that is non techniques obstacle and techniques obstacles. Non techniques obstacles such as owner letter right on land which has been paid is not complete, the owner of land, buildings, and plantation which will be released not in place, value of compensation was felt by several people the owner of land is not suitable with market value so that people do some expedient legal, the land which would have been released was imposing on warranty right and people still have manage the land without right, because of less accuracy of the committee of land supplying in doing the inventory. Techniques obstacles such as the changing of design of Canal Project (Flood Way) Deli River — Percut River Medan, it is so earlier to paid the compensation to the people while some people still stay in the location so from project side do condemnation of agricultural lands and buildings, the measurement process which take a long time to do, there is a long term of time from the decree about location until to the realization, and there is one industry of paper which are infected by the project.
It is suggested in provide of land process it is necessary to research accurately before doing the fixation about the amount of compensation by considering about position of the land, the criteria of compensation of land and building, the utilization of land, the quality of buildings, the facility which prepared and economical condition of the people who are infected the project, socialization should be done in print media so people understand about positive cause of development for public interest and espionage should be done right and several times so the people really understand the function of the project and take part in participate to succeed the development project for the public interest.
Key Word : Provide land space
Public Interest
Compensation
