Effectiveness Of Ethanolic Extract Of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia tuberosa (non Jack) BI.) to Decrease Blood Glucose Levels In Diabetic Rats Induced by Alloxan

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SURAT

PENGALIHAN

PUBLIKASI

Nomor:

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah

ini:

Nama

: Anita Sulcrnawati, Ph.D.,

Apt

Jabatan : Ketua

Panitia

Menyatakan menyetujui

pengalihan

hak

unggah

publikasi

kepada Lembaga

Pengembangan

Publikasi

Ilmiah

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta atas artikel

berjudul 'rEffectiveness

of

Ethanolic

Extract

of

Sarang Semut

(Myrmecodia

tuberosa

(non Jack)

BI.) to

Decrease

Blood

Glucose

Levels

in

Diabetic

Rats

Induced by

Alloxan"

yang

ditulis

oleh

Tanti

Azizah Sujono,

NIDN:

0605087601,

Dosen Program

Studi/Fakultas

Farmasi,

Universitas Muhammadiyah

Surakarta

dalam

acara

International

Conference

ICB

Pharma yang

diselenggarakan oleh

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta,

pada

Hari

Sabtu,

Tanggal

10

Januari,

Tahun 2015

Surakarta,

24 April

201 5

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Proceeding

International

Conference

"current Breakthrough_ _{inpharmacy Matetials}_and_Analyses,,

/

Nurwaini

et

al.,

{ed)

Surakarta : _{Muhammadiyah Universi[r}press, ₂₀₁₅

xxi, 153 pages

ISBN: _{978-6 02-7 0429}-9 -s

Chairman of Editors

Team of _{Pharmaceutical Technology} _{Anita Sukmawati,}Setyo Nurwaini, M.Sc. Ph.D., Apt.

Suprapto, M.Sc., Apt.

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Dedi Hanwar, M.Si.,

Apt

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Dra. Nurul Mutma'inah, M.Si., Apt.

Zaklry Cholisoh, M.Clin. pharm., ph.D., _Apt.

Arifah Sri Wahyuni, M.Sc.,ApL

Tanti Azizah Sujono, M.Sc., Apt.

Zakky Cholisoh, M.Clin. pharm., ph.D.,Apt Arifah Sri Wahyuni, M.Sc., Apt.

Dra. Nurul Mutma'inah, M.Si., Apt.

Ratna Yuliani, M.Biotech.St. Azis, Saifudin, Ph.D., Apt.

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Proceeding International Conference

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Email : andi.suhendiCrDurns.ac.id Mobile : +62 85226494607

1.

Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning Ph'D., Apt'

2.

Normaidah

3.

Rani Utami WidYaningrum

1.

Diah Sulistyowati

7.

Atika YahdiYani Ikhsani, S.TP.

2.

Rimaning Hastungkoro Primadani

3.

Lita Rahima Oensjar

4.

Sanggita AYu lkasari

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Alifah AnastYa Dini

6.

Rafa Embun Religia

7.

Rifqi Satrio Utomo

l.

Titis Putri, S.Farm, APt

2.

Cita Hanif, S.Farm., Apt.

3.

Pembayun Putranti Putri, S'Farm., Apt

4.

Nita Irlya, S.Farm., APt'

5.

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Hestu Putri MitaYani

8.

Indah Hairunisa

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2.

Andika Dwi Mahendra

3.

Fahmi Azhari

+.

Doni Wibowo

5.

Arista RizH Oktaviani

6.

Amira

7.

Yeni Cristiana

8,

Faridha CYnthia Dhewanti

L.

Andhika Rizky Gilang Mahaputra

Z.

Choirul Ma'arif

3.

Annie Rahmatillah

:1.

DraiatTriWahYudi

2.

Fajar KholikulAmri

3.

Marhamah Nur Azizah

4.

Westi Fajrin BaYu Nugrahaini

: 1.

Hadi Cahyo, S.Farm., APt.

2.

Iwan Setya Nugroho, S.Farm., APt.

3.

Amin Suryaningrum

4.

Dyah Riswari Pitaloka SubagYo

5.

Nunik Kurniasih

6.

Siti Chotiah

7.

Trio ArdiYanti

LIST OF COMMITTEES

Pharmacy Faculty Universiry of Muhammadiyah Surakarta Rectorate board of UMS, Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy UMS

Proceeding lnternational Conference

"Current Bieakthrough in Pharmary Materials and Analyses"

ISBN : 97 8-602-7 0429-9'5

(6)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF _{PARTTCIPANT NON}

PRESENTERS...

...ix

LIST OF ORAL

PRESENTERS...

...xv

LIST OF POSTER

PRESENTERS...

...xviii

B-PHARMACEUTICAL

TECHNOLOGY...,...

... 1

B-OO2

_{DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICULATE FORMULATION, LOADING}

PROCEDURE AND

NANO-SCALE

CHARACTERIZATION

OF PLGA

_{NANOPARTICLES}

INCooRpoMTING

Roor

_E*TMCT_oFpuerariarobata(wild) _ohwl

Mardiyantor- , Neudrt

Achim2...

...1

8-005

_{FORMULATION oF}_Jatropha_Multiftda_Linn._LATEX

As ToptCAL DoSAGE F.RM

AND WOUND HEALING STUDY IN SWISS WEBSTER MICE

Amilar, Fetri Lestarir, Abdul

Rahmanl

...g

B-OO8

EFFECT _{OF USE VIRGIN}_COCONUT

OIL

ryCO) AS EMOLIENT ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES _{AND STABILITY}_OF_VITAMIN

i

Tru _{TNATVSPARENT SOAP}

Ms. Fatimah Kasorl*, Anita

Sukmawatil

...16

B.O10

_{INCREASING SOLUBILITY}_AND

DISSOLUTION OF GLIMEPIRIDE THROUGH

CO-CRYSTALLIZATION METHOD

Fitrianti _{Darusmanl*, Sundani}_N_{Soewandhi2, Rachmat}

Mauludin3..

...25

B-072

SYNTHESIS

OF

_{POLY(METHACRYLIC}

ACID)

CROSS-LINKED

BY

_SILVER

NANOPARTICLES _FoR_{pH-RESPONSIVE NANOSENSOR}

Erindyah R. Wikantyasningr-, Bunga Savifir, BrotoSantosor,

Suprapto

_...33

C-OO1

ELECTROCHEMICAL _DETECTION_OF_ZANAMIVIR

USING

MODIFIED _{BORON DOPED}_DIAMOND_ELECTRODE

Wulan Tri Wahyunil,2., _{lvandini Tribidasari}_{Ar, Endang}

Saepudinr...

...42

C-OOZ

OPTIMIZATION OF HPLC CONDITION FOR DETERMINATION _OF_{VITAMIN AAND}

DI IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPAMTIONS

Engrid _Juni_{Astutir, Mochammad yuwonoz, Muhamad}

Zainuddinz.

...49

,9lT"rl_B."akrhrough in pharmacy Materials and Analyses,, ISBN : 97 8-602-Z O4Z9 -9 -S

GOLD

AND

(7)

C.OO3

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION

AND

IN

VITRO TEST

OF

DICHLOROBENZOYL)-3-METHYL THIOUREA ON HeLa CELLS

t-(2,4-Ruswantol,2-, Amir M. Miftahl, Daryono H' Tjahjonor, Siswandono3""""""""""""""""""""""55

C-OO9

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

OF

ETANOLIC EXTRAC

AND

FRACTIONS OF LEMPUYANG EMPRIT (Zingiber amaricans BI.) LEAVES BY DPPH METHOD AND DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT

Afnan Madengl- and Dedi

Hanwar1...'

"""""""""""""""62

C-O1O

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

OF

FRACTIONS

AND

ETHANOL EXTRACT OF

LEMpUyANG

WANGI

LEAF (Zingiber aromaticum. Yal) WITH DPPH METHOD AND DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT

Nisreen Chelengl.and Dedi

Hanwarl

""""'70

D-PHARMACY COMMUNITY AND CLINIC

D-OO1

THE ROLE OF ZINC ON REMISSION OF DIARRHEA IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN

Rasmaya Niruril*, N.P. Oka Mahayanil, K' Dewi Kumara Watiz

...""'

"""""""""77

D-OOz

CLINICAL RECOVERY

TIME

FROM TYPHOID FEVER

AFTER

RECEIVING

cEPHALOSPORIN OR FLUOROQUINOLONE

Rasmaya Niruril*, G.A.Eka _{Pertiwir, Iulius}D.Tansale2, I. B .Eka Er1angga3...-...86

D-OO3

CON{PLIANCE LEVEL OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG USE INHYPERTENSION

PATIENTS IN OUT PATIENT INSTALLATION HOSPITAL X IN 2014

Chayanee Smantummkul, E. M' Sutrisna, and

Suharsono...'..."""""'

""""""""""""

95

D-OO4

ANALYSIS USE OF ANTIBIOTICS

IN

URINARY

TMCT

INFECTION DISEASE

BASED OF EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE (EBM)

IN

HOSPITAL

"X''

PERIOD

IANUARY -IUNE 2013

Asmah l-lseng1, E. M. Sutrisnal, Suharsonol

..."'.'...."..'..

"""""""""""'

104

D-OO5

RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION INSULIN-BASEDTHERAPY

WITH

BLOOD

GLUCOSE CONTROL ON THE PATIENTS OF TYPE 2DIABETES MELLITUS IN

ENDROCRINOLOGY POLYCLINICOF DR SARDJITO HOSPITAL YOGYAKARTA

Risya Mulyanir*, Tri Murti Andayaniz, I Dewa Putu Pramantara

S.e

"""""""""'

115

E -PHARJVIACOLOGICAL STUDY 123

EFFECT OF HISTAMIN.z RECEPTORANTAGONIST (RANITIDINE) ON THE ANTIPLATELET

FUNCTION

OF

CLOPIDOGREL

IN

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS)

PATIENTS

Vinci Mizranital*, Dhian Novitaz, Heru Sasongkol, Wisnu

Kundartot"

"""""""723

"Current Breakthrough in Pharmacy Materials and Analyses"

ISBN : 97 B-602-7 0429 -9 -5

(8)

E'O12

EFFECTIVENESS _{OF ETHANOLIC}_EXTRACT_OF_SAMNG_{SEMUT (Myrmecodia}

tuberosa _{(non fack) BI.)}

To

_DECREASE_BLooD_GLUCOSE_LEVELS

tt{

nnsertc

RATS INDUCED BYALLOXAN

Tanti Azizah Sujonott, Sartika Nurhainir, E. M. Sutrisnal, Sri _{Setiyanir, Erwin}_Susantir_.:..Lzg

E-014

THE EFFECT OF LONG TERM ADMINISTMTION OF ETHANOLIC EXTMCT OF

Perseu

americana

Mil.

PEEL TowARDs ALKALINE

pHospHATASE

CONCENTMTION

IN

WISTAR

MALE

RATS

INDUCED

BY

CARBON

TETRACHLORIDE

Lusia Drikti Nini Gorantokanl*, phebe

Hendrar...

....732

G.MICROBILOGY PHARMACY

143

G-002

ANTIBACTERIAL _ACTMTY_OF_{THREE EXTRACTS}_OF

Litseo ongutata SEED

foko Priyanto Wibo'aro1., _{Sukrasnoz, Rika}

Hartatiz...

...14g

G-OO3

COMPARISON _{OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTMCTS} OF

SEED AND STEM PAPAYA (Carica papqya L.) AGAINST Shigelta dysenteriae AND Streptococcus pyog enes

Yeni Cristianal* and Ratna

yulianil

_...147

Proceeding lnternational _Conference

_llrrent Brealrthrough in pharmary Materials and Analyses,, ISBN : 97 8-602-7 _0429-9-5

(9)

1,6.

t7.

18.

1,9

20.

Spinler,S., dan Denus, S.D., 2008, Acute Coronary Syndromes dalam Dipiro, _J.T.,

Talbert, RL., Yee, G.C.,Matzke, G.R., Wells, B.G., Posey, L.M., Pharmacotherapy : A Pathophysiologic Approach Seventh Edition, 282-307, McGraw-Hill, New york. Steg,G., _fames,S.K., Atar, D., Badano, L.P., Blo"mstrom-Lundqvis! C., Borger MA., dan

Di

Mario,

C., 20L2, ESC Guidelines

for

the

management

of

acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting

with

ST-segment elevation, Eur.Heart.f., 33:

2569-2679.

Taha, A.S., McCloskey, C., dan Prasad, R., 2009, Famotidine

for

the prevention of

peptic ulcers and oesophagitis

in

patients taking low-dose

aspirin

(FAMOUS): a phase _{III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet.,3T4:1Ig}_-ZS.

World

Heart Federation, 2012, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, World Heart Federation, Geneva.

Yamane, K., Kato, Y.,Tazaki, J., Tada, T., Makiyama, T., Imai, M., dan Jinnai, T.,ZO1,Z,

Effects

of

PPIs and an H2 Blocker on the Antiplatelet Function

of

Clopidogrel in lapanese Patients under Dual Antiplatelet Therapy, f.Atheroscler.Thromb., 19:

559-569.

Yeh, R.W., Sidney, S., Chandra, M., Sorel, _{M., Selby, f.V.,}dan Go, A.S., 2010, population trends in the incidence and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction, N.Engl.f.Med.,

362:2155-21.65.

EFFECTMNESS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodiatuberosa

(NON }ACK) BI.) TO DECREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETIC RATS INDUCED

BYALLOXAN

Tanti Azizah Suionot-, Sartika

Nurhainil,

E. M. Sutrisnal, Sri Setiyanil, Erwin Susantir lFaculty _of_{Pharmacy, Universitas}_{Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta,}_Indonesia

-Em

a il : tanti _{_azizah}@ ums.a c.i d

Abstract

Sarang _{semut fMyrmecodia tuberosa}_{fnon fack) BI.)}contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, tocopherols, and minerals. Flavonoid in Sarang

semut suspected can

lower

blood glucose levels

by

mechanism of stimulating insulin-sec4eting pancreatic

p

cells. The purpose

of this

study was

to

determine the effect of ethanolic

extraci

of sarang semut

to

decrease blood glucose levels

in

rats induced by alloxan.

This

research used pretest and posttest

with

control

design method. Before

treatment, blood was taken from tail vein lateralis rats to measurement of glucose levels

(baseline). Later, rats were induced by alloxan 160 mg/kgBW (intraperitoneal) to make

diabetic

in

rats. Three days later after induced by alloxan, blood glucosa was measured.

Twenty male

of

rats with glucose levels > ZOO mg/dL were used to research _[aspretest) and divided

into

5 groups. The

first

group _[negativecontrol) was treated

with

CMC Na

0,50/0. Second group was treated with glibenclamide 0,5 _{mg/kgBW [positive control).}The

third

to

fifth

groups were treated

with

ethanolic extract of sarang semut

with

dose 400 mg/kgBW, 800 mg/kgBW, and 1500 mglkgBW. The blood were raken

on

days 0, 3,

5,L0,1.4 and 2L (since pretest). The serum added to reagen kit glucose GOD FS from Diasys

and readable

the

glucose levels used

a

spectrophotometer visible

(1

500 nm). Blood

I SBN : 97 8- 602-7 0 429 -9 -5

2L.

(10)

glucose levels were tested by ANOVA followed by Post Hoc test (Tukey test). The result showed that ethanolic

extract

of Sarang semut

with

dose 400; 800 and L600 mg/kgBW respectively could reduce significant (p<0,05) the blood glucose level and they had similar effect compared with positive control.

Keywords: Myrmecodia tuberosa _{[non ]ack)}BI., Blood glucose, ethanolic extract, alloxan.

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by the pancreas that produce insulin

does not

work in

both absolute terms and relative

to

an increase

in

blood sugar levels

(Subekti et al, 2005). According to WHO, people with diabetes (DM) in Indonesia in 2000

reached 8.4 million, and by 2030 is expected to be 21.3 million people (PERKENI,

2011).lf

blood glucose levels are not controlled

in

the long term,

it

can lead to the occurrence of diabetic complications.

Management of therapy in diabetes mellitus can be done in various ways such as

regular exercise,

a

diet

low

in

sugar, and also use oral hypoglycemic drugs

or

insulin

IPERKENI, 201,1). Today the use of drugs of herbal ingredients in medicine is increasing,

but

generally

still

little

scientific evidence, while

the

demands

of

scientific evidence

of

users of traditional medicine is increasing with the increasing public awareness of health

(Suharmiati, 2003).

Sarang semut grows

in

the highlands

of

Papua as epiphytic plants that used as

traditional medicine. Sarang semut contains flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, tocopherols

also _{rich in various minerals [subroto}and Saputro,2006). Study of _{felly & Makiyah (2011)}

showed that infusion Sarang semut (Hydnophytum _formicarum)can increase the diameter and number

of

p

cells of the islets of Langerhans

in

rats induced

by

alloxan L30 mg/

kgBW. Sarang semut dose 5.04 g/kgBw can increase the size of the diameter of the islets

of Langerhans significantly

from

(33.46

t

12.38) pm become (62.2

t

15.88) pm. besides,

H. formicarum 5.04 g/kgBw able to incr:ease significantly the number of p _{cells of (L4.4 x}

5.01) to (34.6

!

3.81). So Sarang semut shown to reduce damage to the pancreas.

In

addition,

the

ethanol extract

of

Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens

Merr

&

Perry)

concentration

of

$.{o/owlv;

1

mL/30

gBW

had

hypoglycemic effect significant compared

to

the

negative control

with

the rate

of

decline 17.06

mg/dl.hour

in

mice induced glucose t$o/ow/v (Taebe etal,2012).

In the previous study showed that flavonoids in Sarang semut have activity as an

antidiabetic. In this study use ethanol 700lo which can sum up flavonoids. Besides, ethanol

"Current Breakthrough in Pharmary Materials and Analyses"

ISBN : 97 8-602-7 0429 -9 -S

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70%o non-toxic, selective

in

producing the optimal amount of active compound, can be

mixed with water in any ratio and less heat is needed for concentration (Depkes RI, 1986).

Therefore

it

is necessary

to

study on the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Sarang

semut

on the

hypoglycemic effect

in

alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

This

research is

expected to prove the efficacy of Sarang semut in Iowering blood glucose levels.

MATERI,ATSAND METHODS

Instruments: scales

of test

animals

[Triple

Beam Balance), analytical balance, UV-Vis

spectrophotometer (stardust FC15), minispin (Eppendrof), vortex, micropipette, cuvette,

blue tip, yellow tip, injection syringe (Terumo), oral needle.

Materials; Sarang _{semut [Papua), alloxan monohydrate}(Sigma Aldrich), distilled water,

CMC Na, reagent kit GOD FS (DiaSys).

Animal testing: healthy wistar male rats, agedz-3 months, weighing 150-250g.

The course

ofstudy:

Preparation of ethanolic extract ofSarang semut

One kg of crude Sarang _{semut was maserated in maserator, add}5 liters of ethanol

70o/o,then macerated for 2 days. Maserat v,ras filtered and dregs back macerated for 2 days

with

5 liters _{of ethanol. Maserat collected then concentrated using}a rotary evaporator to obtain extract.

Preparation of CMC Na 0.5%o solution

0.5g CMC Na put in 50 ml of hot distilled water and then added ad 100 ml with cold

distilled water, stirred until homogeneous. CMC Na 0.5%o solution was used to suspend the ethanolic extract of Sarang semut.

Preparation of alloxan

320 mg of alloxan monohydrate weighed, and then dissolved

in

25 ml water for injection _[wFI],stirred until homogeneous and immediately injected into rats.

Making of rat model of hyperglycemia

Rats

were

induced

diabetic

by

Alloxan

with

dose

160

mg/kgBW, injected intraperitoneally

[ip)

(Chougale et a1.,2007). On the third day the rats with blood glucose levels > _{200 mg}

/

_dL_were_used_for_research.

Determinotion of the dose of glibenclamide

"Current Breakthrough in Pharmacy Materials and Analyses" ISBN : 978-602-7 0429-9-5

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Glibenclamide dose in rats is 0.5 mg/kgBW (Jelly and Makiyah, 2011). Dosage is

based on the human (70 kg) therapeutic dose of glibenclamide is 5 mg. Then converted the human therapeutic dose of 70 kg to rats of 200 g _{= 0'018,}so the dose for rats were 0'09

mg/200 BBW = 0.45 mglkgBw

-

0.5 mglkgBW.

Test the effect of antidiabetic Sarang semut

Twenty rats were adapted in the laboratorium

for 1

week. Rats were fasted for 6

hours

with

distilled water were given ad libitum, then measured their blood glucose levels. Then rats induced by alloxan with dose 160 mg/kgBw (ip). On the third day glucose levels were measured, and the rats that have glucose levels > 200 mg/dL were used for research.

The hyperglycemia rats were given treatment following groups:

I

: CMC-Na 0.5% (negative control)

II

: Glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kgBW (positive control)

III

: Ethanolic extract of Sarang semut 0.a g/kgBW

IV

: Ethanolic extract of Sarang semut 0.8 g/kgBw

V

: Ethanolic extract of Sarang semut L.6 g/kgBW

This treatment is administered

orally

for

2l

days. Before the blood drawn, rats were fasted 6 hours and blood samples were taken from the lateral tail vein subsequently measured blood glucose levels

with

GOD FS reagent (Dyasis) on days

0,7,14

and 21 to determine the hypoglycemic effect of ethanolic extracts of Sarang semut.

Data analysis

Data blood glucose levels on days 0, 7, L4, and,2L were tabulated and calculated

percent decline in blood glucose levels IPKGD) with the formula:

(x bloodglucose levelsneEative control)

-

(glucosa level post test)

9'.PKGD ₌

x

10c%

i

blood glucose level negative control

Distribution data of blood glucose and o/o _{PKGD were tested by}_Shapiro_Wilk_test

and Levene's test for homogeneity. Because the data were normal then analyzed by one

way ANOVA and followed by posthoc LSD test with a level confidence of 95o/o.

"Current Breakthrough in Pharmacy Materials and Analyses" ISBN ; 97 8-602-7 0429-9-5

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R,ESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The ethanolic extract

of

Sarang semut

in

this

study were made

by

maceration method. The ethanolic extract of Sarang semut

in

this study were made by maceration method and the rendemen about 1.600/o.

Test antidiabetic effects of ethanolic ertracts of Sarang semut

Baseline glucose levels checked to ensure that the rats were used for the study had

normal blood glucose levels of 50-125 mg

/dL

(fohnson and Delaney, tgg6).After this the

rats were injected alloxan 160 mg/kgBW (Chougale

et

al., 2007). Three days later the

blood glucose levels were measured,

if

the glucose level >200

ng/dL,

the rats used for

research. Blood glucose levels were measured 4 times on days:

0,7,L4

and2L (Table L,

Figure 1).

Table 1. Blood glucose level before and after treatment (n=4)

Treatment Baseline

Blood glBlood glucose levels

[mg/dl)

on days :

--- ---'

(meldl)

₁₄

21.

Negative

control (aquadest)

(r

t

sD)

Positive control [glibenklami

d 0,5

mglkgBW)

(r

t

sD)

Ethanolic extract 0.4

g/kgBW

(*

r

sD)

Ethanolic extract 0.8

g/kgBW

(i

r

sD)

103,25!9,78 99 84 108 1,27 L04,50!t7,9 7 96 717 1,32

r28

]-LB,25!L5,1 3 208 230 236 224 224,50!12,0 4 24L 205 256 237 234,75!21,4 5 243 222 248 250 240,75!t2,8 4 197 187

t93

103 170,00!44,8 6 244 225 1,52

t29

187,50r55,5 Z 247 133 260 252 221,50+59,5 1 132 107 101 L22 115,50r14,1

I

186

t62

110 9B 139,00141,8 7 727 702 L67 193 L47,25!40,5 B 86 93,00tL2,57 189 144 L67 105 151,25r35,8 9 7L4 L28

r42

119 L25,75x12,2 8 79

133lPage

I25

90 113 105 271 242 244 236 252 245 2L2 276 248 260 248 256 291 270 287 272

108,25t14,6

233,25x75,2

Z3L,2S|Z0,l

2S3,0016,00

2Tg,Sltg,67

829

110 93 B9 80 109 94 96

tt4

Ethanolic

85

224

SB

"Current _Breakthrough_{in Pharmary Materials}_{and Analyses,,}

[image:13.574.79.507.331.753.2]

(14)

extract

1.6

93

239

g/kgBw

lL4

218

L29

206

(r

t

sD)

705,25+20,0

22t,75+L3,7

L02

63

11.6

87

L79

105

105,75+15,1

83,50!L7,46

1,

728

tt2

732

L07,50+34,L

[image:14.574.65.485.62.161.2] [image:14.574.69.462.181.409.2]

1

Figure 1 shows that ethanolic extracts of Sarang semut able to lower blood glucose levels. tvVhile the negative control was not able to lower blood glucose levels proved on day

[image:14.574.115.432.583.661.2]

21 the rats still hyperglicemia (278.50

!

9.67) mg/dL.

Figure 1. Blood glucose levels after treatment ethanolic extract of Sarang semut

Based on data from blood glucose _{levels [Table}1), then calculated o/oPKGD on day

21. Blood glucose levels on day 21. and % PKGD were tested normality

with

the Shapiro

Wilk, because data normally distributed (p>0.05), then tested ANOVA and there were

significant difference (p .0.05). The results of ANOVA test is used to see the differences

among

5

groups of treatment

in

lowering blood glucose, they are the positive control, negative control and ethanolic extract dose of 0.4; 0.8 and 1.6

g/kgBw

on day

2l

after treatment

Table 2. Persentase PKGD after treatment ethanolic extract of Sarang semut on days 21

Treatment % PKGD (x

t

SD)

Negative control Positive control

Ethanolic extract 0.4 g/kgBw

Ethanolic extract 0.8 g/kgBW

Ethanolic extract 1.5 e/keBW

0.37

!2,79

66.61!4.51

45.69

!72.89

54.85

t

4.4L 70.02

!

6.27

"Current Breakthrough in Pharmacy Materials and Analyses" ISBN : 97 8-602-7 0429 -9-5

300

=250

! o0

9oo

o 9150

t!

o

H.oo

ba

T'

8so co

0

**Negative

control

+

Positive control

-

tthanolic extract 0.4 g/kgBW

-,-*

Ethanolic extract 0.8 g/ksBw

-.".:: Ethanolic extract 1.6 e/keBW

(15)

-20

C

o E G' (u

Q)

IE

IFI

lnt io t>

l6

NE

tc

lo

io

,u,

iE

i"

t

100 -r

L

Neg,ative

control

Positive

control

Erhanolic

Ethanolic

Etha nolic extract

0.4

extract

0.8

extract 1.6 [image:15.575.91.482.70.240.2]

e/kcBw g/keBw

g/kgBW

Figure 2. Persentase PKGD after treatment Ethanolic extract of Sarang semut Results of LSD (Least Significant difference) test, Ievels of blood glucose (table 1) and, o/o PKGD

on

day

2l

(table

2)

showed

that the

negative control was significantly

different

from the

positive

control

and groups

of

ethanolic extract 0.4; 0.8

and

1.6

g/kgBw

(p<0.05),

this

means glibenclamide

and

extracts

of

Sarang

semut

had

hypoglycemic effects (antidiabetic). While LSD test results between the positive control

[glibenclamide)

and

extract

of

Sarang

semut

dose

of

L.6

g/kgBW

did not

differ

significantly (p>0.05),

it

means the ettanolic extract of Sarang semut L.6 g/kgBW able to

lower blood glucose levels equivalent to glibenclamide. Whereas LSD test results between glibenclamide

and

extracts

of

Sarang semut

0.4 and

0.8

g/kgBw

were

significantly

different,

this

means Sarang semut dose

of

0.4 and 0.8

g/kgBw

able

to

lower

blood

glucose levels but the effect is smaller than positive control (glibenclamide).

Flavonoids

are

thought

to

be

responsible

for the

hypoglycemic effect.

Prachayasittikul

et al

(2008)

suggest

flavonoid

contained

in

the

Sarang semut (Hydnophytum _formicarum)namely isoliquiritigenin, butein, and protocatechualdehyde

which can protect the integrity of pancreatic p _cells._Based_on_previous_research_in_Sarang

semut (Myrmecodia pendens) contains a variety of flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin,

rutin,

apigenin, kaempferol (Engida

et al,

2012), as

well

as tannin, o-tocopherol, and

stigmasterol were able to control blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion of pancreatic p cells, inhibit glucose absorption in the intestine by the enzyme cr-glucosidase

inhibition, increases the solubility of blood glucose

to

be easily excreted through urine. Flavonoids as antioxidants are also able to reduce lipid metabolism disorders and kidney

damage, inhibit oxidative damage to proteins and p cells, and increasing the sensitivity of

insulin receptors (Taebe et al., 20LZ).

Based

on

research Sandhar

et al

(2012) flavonoid quercetin

work on

enzyme aldose reductase to reduce glucose into sorbitol thatwere oxidized to fructose, regenerate

the pancreas gland, increases insulin secretion, increase Ca** ion uptake of isolated islet

Proce-eding International Conference

ISBN : 97 8- 602-7 A 429 -9-5

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cells. According to Kim et al study (2000) flavonoid luteolin is able to inhibit o-glucosidase by 360/o, so the absorption of glucose in the intestine is blocked, while according Tadera et al (2005).flavonoid apigenin and kaempferol able to inhibit the enzyme o-glucosidase.

CONCLUSION

Ethanolic

extract of

Sarang

semut

dose

of

0.4;

0.8 and 1.6

g/kgBW

had

hypoglycemic effect in rats induced by alloxan.

REFERENCES

Chougale, A.D., Panaskar, S.N., Gurao, P.M., and Arvindekar, A.U., 2007, Optimazation of

Alloxan Dose Is Essential to Induce Stable Diabetes for Prolonged Period, .4sfan

j ournal of Biochemistry, 2 (6) : 402-408

DepKes RI, 1986, Sediaan Galenik, Direktorat f enderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan,

Jakarta hal 5-17

Engida, A.M., Kasim, N.S., Tsigie, Y.A.,

lsmadii,

S.,

&

Yi-Hsu,

J., 2012,

Extraction, Identification and Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Flavon-oids from Sarang Semut

(Myrmecodia penden), Departement of Chemicol Engineering, Can Tho Uni-versitlr, Viet Nam. Vol.41. _Januari2012. p. 392

feli, M.M., dan Makiyah, S.N.N., 2011, Pengaruh Pemberian Infusa Tumbuhan Sarang semut (Hydnophytum _{formicarum) terhadap}Gambaran Histopatologi Pankreas pada

Tikus

(Rattus norvegicus) Diabetes Terinduksi Aloksan, Maialah Kesehaton

Pharmamediko,V ol 3 No

l-fohnson

and

Delaney, C.,1996, Exotic

Animal

Contpanion Medicine Handbook

for

V ete rin arians, Zoological Edu cati on Network.

PERKENi, 20LL, Konsensus DM tipe 2, _fakarta.

Prachayasittikul,

S.,

Buraparuangsan&

P.,

Worachartcheewan,

A.,

Ayudhya,

C.1.,

Ruchirawat,

S.,

Prachayasittikul,

v.,

2008. Antimicrobial

and

Antioxidative

Activities

of

Bioactive

Constituent

from

Hydnophytum _{fonnicarumJack.}

Molecules,13,904-921

Sandhar, K. H., Kumar, B., Prasher, S., Tiwari, P., Salhan, M., & Sharma,P.,2Olt,A Review Of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Flavonoids, Internationale Pharmaceutica

Sciencia, _Jan-March2011 Vol.1 Issue 7.

Subekti, L, Soewondo, P., dan Soegondo, S., 2005, Diabetes Mellitus (Penatalaksanaan

Terpadu),fakarta: FK, hal 251

Subroto, M.A., dan Saputro, H.,2006, Gempur Penyakit dengan Sarang Semut Cetakan

pertama, Penebar Swadaya Trubus no 438 edisi _{XXXVII [Mei 2006)}

Suharmiati, 2003, Pengujian Bioaktivitas Antidiabetes Mellitus Tumbuhan Obat, Maialah

Cermin Dunia Kedokteron, No 140

Tadera, K., Minami, Y., Takamatsu, K.,

&

Matsuoka, T., 2005. Inhibition of o-Glucosidase

and

a-Amylase

by

Flavonoids.

Department

of

Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty

of

Agriculture, Kagoshima Universitlt, Korimoto 7-27-24,

Kag oshima 890-0 0 65, _Japan.

Taebe, B., Randalinggi,

A.

E., Manggau, A.M.,

&

Usmar, 2012.

Uii

Efek Hipoglikemik

Kombinasi

Ekstrak Etanol Propolis

dan

Ekstrak Etanol

Sarang

Semut

(Myrmecodia pendans

Merr

&

Perry)

Pada

Mencit [Mus

musculus).Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi,Yol.l6, No.3

-

November 2072,h1m. 151

-

158.

Proceeding lnternational Conference

"Current Breakthrough in Pharmacy Materials and Analyses" ISBN : 97 8-602-7 6429 -9-5

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We _{would like to thank the Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta that}has funded this study by Non competitive colaborative research.

THE EFFECT OF LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Persea AMETiCana MiII. PEEL TOWARDSALKALINE PHOSPHATASE CONCENTRATION IN

WISTAR MALE RATS INDUCED BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE Lusia

Drikti

Nini Gorantokanl., Phebe Hendrar

tFaculty _of_Pharmacy_Sanata_Dharma_{University Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia} *Email: lusia.drikti L 5 @ gmail.com

Abstract

Persea americana

Mill.

seed

and peel

contain

flavonoid that

acts

as

an

antioxidant. Persea americana Mill. seed has the ability to decrease alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme in Wistar male rats induced by carbon tetrachloride as a hepatotoxin. This

present research

was

conducted

to

get

information

about

the

effect

of

long

term administration of Perseo americana

Mill

(P. omericana) peel toward alkaline phosphatase

(ALP) concentration

in

male

Wistar rats

induced

by

carbon tetrachloride,

and

get information about relation of ethanolic extract of P. americana peel doses. This research used

thirty

Wistar male rats weight arround 150-250 g and divided

to

six treatment groups. Group _{I [hepatotoxin control)}was given carbon tetrachloride 2 ml/kgBW. Group II (negative control) was given IA0o/o olive oil 2 ml/kg BW' Group

III

(ethanolic extract of P.

americana peel) was given ethanolic extract of P. americana peel1400 mg/kg BW. Group IV, V, and VI _{ftreatment group)}were given ethanolic extract of P. americana peel doses

0,35;

0,7;

La

g/kg

BW

orally, once

daily

for

6

days. On

the

seventh day, carbon tetrachloride 2 ml/kg BW was given to all treatment group, then 24 _{hours after induced by}

carbon _{tetrachloride, the blood of Wistar male rats were collected and measured the}_ALP concentration. The ALP concentration analysed statistically. From

the

result, can be

concluded that long term administration of ethanolic extract of P. americana pell dose I

and dose

II

(0,35

g/kg

BW; 0,7

g/kg

BW)

didn't

give

the

effect

to

alteration

of

ALp's concentration in Wistar male rats induced by carbon tetrachloride, whereas dose

III

(1,4 g/kg BW) gave the alteration of ALP's concentration in Wistar male rats induced by carbon tetrachloride. There were no doses relation with ALP concentration.

Keywords: Persea americana Mill., peel, _{ethanolic extract, carbon tetrachloride, alkaline} phosphatase.

INTRODUCTION

Liver is the largest organ

in

the body. Liver has the

trilateral

shape and rough, located underneath diaphragma, over the abdominal cavity. Liver has the function as toxic

detoffication, to excretion the unimportant compound from the body, as the cobalamine

ISBN : 978-602-7 0429-9-5